Subject One
浙江大学《新编大学英语综合教程(2)》(第3版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
目 录Unit 1一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 2一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 3一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 4一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 5一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 6一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 7一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 8一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 9一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 10一、词汇短语二、课文精解三、全文翻译四、练习答案Unit 1一、词汇短语Part 1. Preparationby its very nature就其本质而言unconditional [5QnkEn5diFEnEl] adj.无条件的，无限制的，绝对的【例句】The victorious army demanded unconditional surrender. 胜方要求敌人无条件投降。
【搭配】unconditional surrender 无条件投降live up to不辜负；做到；实践【例句】In some ways, we failed to live up to one another’s expectations. 在某些方面，我们互相的期望都落了空。
do one’s duty尽职责Part 2. Reading-Centered ActivitiesIn-Class Readingseverely [si5viEli] adv.严格地，激烈地【例句】Those responsible for this crime will be severely punished. 犯下这宗罪行的人将受到严厉惩罚。
severe [si5viE] adj.严厉的，严格的；剧烈的；严重的，严峻的【例句】He’s suffering from severe mental disorder. 他患有严重的精神病。
中考英语最易混淆词汇汇总
中考英语最易混淆词汇汇总1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服,谓语动词永远是复数, cloth指布,为不可数名词clothing 服装的总称,指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词, number后接可数名词 a number of students4. family, house, homehome 家,包括住处和家人,house房子,住宅,family家庭成员. My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音,voice人的嗓音,noise噪音I hate the loud noise sutside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片,picture可指相片,图片,电影片,drawing画的画Let's go and see a goodpicture.7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary词汇,一个人拥有的单词量,word具体的单词He has a large vocabulary.8. population, peoplepopulation人口,人数,people具体的人 China has a large population.9. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况,climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路,马路,street街道,path小路,小径, way道路,途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.11. course, subjectcourse课程(可包括多门科目),subject科目(具体的学科)a summer course12. custom, habitcustom传统风俗,习俗,也可指生活习惯,后接to do, habit生活习惯,习惯成自然,后接of doing. I've got the habit ofdrinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因,后接ofsth./doing sth,reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由,后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动,锻炼(不可数),exercises练习(可数), practice(反复做的)练习 Practice makesperfect.15. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson. 指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 516. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说,talk日常生活中的一般的谈话,讲话,lecture学术性的演讲, 讲课 a series of lecture on…17. officer, officialofficer部队的军官,official政府官员 an armyofficer18. work, job二者均指工作。
英语subject是什么中文意思
英语subject是什么中文意思英语subject是什么中文意思英语学习最基础的就是词汇量的积累，大量的词汇积累是我们学习英语最重要的。
店铺为大家精心准备了英语subject是什么中文意思，欢迎大家前来阅读。
subject的中文意思英 [sbdkt] 美 [sbdekt]第三人称单数：subjects第三人称复数：subjects现在分词：subjecting过去分词：subjected过去式：subjected名词主题，话题; 学科，科目; [哲]主观形容词须服从…的; (在君主等)统治下的动词提供，提出; 使…隶属相关例句形容词1. My mother is very subject to headaches.我母亲动不动就头痛。
2. The prices are subject to change.价格可能有变动。
及物动词1. The suspect was subjected to cross-examination at the police station.嫌犯在警察局受到盘问。
名词1. He has read many books on the subject.他看过许多关于这一方面的书。
subject的词典解释1. 主题;题目;话题;题材;问题The subject of something such as a conversation, letter, or book is the thing that is being discussed or written about.e.g. It was I who first raised the subject of plastic surgery.是我第一个提到整形手术这个话题的。
e.g. ...the president's own views on the subject.总统在此问题上的个人观点2. (批评、学习、调查的)对象Someone or something that is the subject of criticism, study, or an investigation is being criticized, studied, or investigated.e.g. Over the past few years, some of the positions Mr. Meredith has adopted have made him the subject of criticism...在过去的几年里，梅雷迪思先生所采取的某些立场使他成为了批评的对象。
反身代词专题训练
反身代词的用法一、概念：反身代词又称为自身代词，表示动作行为反射到行为执行者本身。
它还可以在句中起到强调的作用，用以加强语气。
二、构成：第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myself yourself himself herself itself复数ourselves yourselves themselves三、用法:1 作宾语，指的是宾语和主语表示同一个或同一些的人或事物。
如：Maria bought herself a scarf. 玛丽亚给自己买了一条围巾。
We must look after ourselves very well. 我们必须好好照顾自己。
2 作表语，指的是表语和主语表示同一个或同一些人或事物。
如：She isn’t quite herself today. 她今天有点不舒服。
3 作同位语（1）作主语的同位语。
如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. 明天她自己将要坐飞机去伦敦。
She will fly to London herself tomorrow.（2）作宾语的同位语。
I met the writer himself last week. 我上周见到了那位作家本人。
四、用在某些固定短语当中。
look after oneself=take care of oneself 照顾自己teach oneself sth= learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）.hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下buy oneself sth.给自己买……东西introduce oneself 介绍……自己温馨提醒:1 反身代词不能单独做主语，但可以做主语的同位语，起强调作用。
高中英语单词天天记subject素材
· subject· v. ['sʌbdʒɪkt] ( subjects; subjected; subjecting )·· 双解释义· vt.征服; 使服从bring, get (a country, nation, person) under control · vt.使遭受; 经历cause to undergo or experience· 基本要点•1.subject用作动词的意思是“征服,使服从”,指通过自身的权威使某人或某物处于自己的影响或控制之下或使某人或某物受自己的支配。
引申可指“使遭受,经历”。
2.subject多用作及物动词,后接名词或代词作宾语。
可用于被动结构。
3.subject后接介词to可表示“遭受…”,也可以表示“处于…的控制下”。
•· 词汇搭配••subject a country 征服一个国家•subject a tribe 征服一个部落•subject the world 征服世界••subject absolutely 完全征服•subject willingly 心甘情愿地接受••subject to 经受…,处于…的统治之下· 常用短语•subject to(v.+prep.)〔说明〕 subject to常不用于进行体。
▲subject sb/oneself/sth to sth1.使…经受〔受到〕… make (sb/sth) have (treatment, a test, etc.)His rude behaviour subjects him to frequent rebuffs.他的粗鲁行为使他经常遭受冷遇。
Your conduct subjects you to public ridicule.你的行为使你受到世人的嘲笑。
They subjected their friend to ridicule.他们让自己的朋友受人嘲笑。
2020年中考英语代词复习：反身代词
2020年中考英语代词复习：反身代词
常反射或强调“主语自己”。
1. 经常作宾语、同位语，不能作主语、定语，但是可以作并列主语的后一部分（也可称作同位语）。
1). The children teach themselves English. 那些孩子自学英语。
2). As we all have grown up , we should learn to look after ourselves.
我们已经长大了，应该学会照顾自己。
3). She told the matter to Jim himself. 她把这件事告诉了吉姆本人。
4). Mary herself opened the door. 玛丽自己打开了门。
2.常用于固定搭配中
enjoy oneself玩得愉快learn …by oneself自学dress oneself穿衣
by oneself独自help oneself to …随便吃/喝……for oneself 亲自
3.反身代词不作定语，如果表示“属于/归于某人自己时”，多用“名词+ of one’s own”或“one’s+ own + 名词”来表达。
如：
1). I have a car of my own. 我有我自己的车。
2). Money of his own has gone. 他自己的钱花光了。
3). My father’s own money is a little. 我爸爸自己有点儿钱。
高中英语 反身代词构成固定搭配大全
反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。
通常有强调性用法和非强调性用法。
用法：一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。
二、oneself与himself当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：One should not praise oneself [himself]. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。
三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末)：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。
Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。
You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本人。
Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。
Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。
You yourself said so. / You said so yourself. 你自己是这样说的。
Never leave to others what you ought to do yourself. 不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。
2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：Take good care of yourself. 好好照顾你自己。
Pronouns
What! Me (to) play him at chess? No! Him teach English? What! Him angry! Obj. case for Sub. in Indicative Question. or Exclamation (informal) Non-Finite verb predicate What! I play him at chess? No! He teaches English? What! He (is) angry! (formal)
A. Pronoun concord in number B. Pronoun concord in gender C. Pronoun concord in person
eg. The women in the committee expressed their
opinions forcefully.
We
are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all people (all of us) are treated as equals. This inequality begins when you (we) reach the age of five, for that is when you (we) will enter elementary school. In school, the child is (we are) no longer “Mommy’s darling.” You (We) now have to prove yourself (oursleves) to the other children and also to your (our) teacher.
中考英语易混词汇辨析
中考英语易混词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident指小事件, accident指不幸的事故He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词 a number of students4. sound, voice, noisesound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音I hate the loud noise outside.5. photo, picture, drawingphoto用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画Let's go and see a good picture.6. weather, climateweather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况The climate here is not good for you.7. road, street, path, wayroad具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径take this road; in the street, show me the way to the museum.8. course, subjectcourse课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）a summer course9. custom, habitcustom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing.I've got the habit of drinking a lot.10. cause, reasoncause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. the reason for being late11. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习Practice makes perfect.12. class, lesson作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class. lesson 6; class 513. speech, talk, lecturespeech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课 a series of lecture on…14. work, job二者均指工作。
英语词汇辨析
英语词汇辨析1. clothes, cloth, clothingclothes 统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数；cloth 指布，为不可数名词；clothing 服装的总称，指一件衣服用a piece of, an article of2. incident, accidentincident 指小事件；accident 指不幸的事故，例：He was killed in the accident.3. amount, numberamount 后接不可数名词；number 后接可数名词，例：a number of students4. family, house, homehome 家，包括住处和家人；house 房子，住宅；family 家庭成员，例：My family is a happy one.5. sound, voice, noisesound 自然界各种各样的声音；voice 人的嗓音；noise 噪音，例：I hate the loud noise outside.6. photo, picture, drawingphoto 用照相机拍摄的照片；picture 可指相片，图片，电影片，例：Let's go and see a good picture. drawing 画的画。
7. vocabulary, wordvocabulary 词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，例：He has a large vocabulary. word 具体的单词。
8. population, peoplepopulation 人口，人数，例：China has a large population.people 具体的人。
9. weather, climateweather 一天内具体的天气状况；climate 长期的气候状况，例：The climate here is not good for you.10. road, street, path, wayroad 具体的公路，马路，例：take this roadstreet 街道，例：in the streetpath 小路，小径；way 道路，途径，例：Show me the way to the museum11. course, subjectcourse 课程（可包括多门科目），例：a summer coursesubject 科目（具体的学科）12. custom, habitcustom 传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接to do；habit 生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接of doing. 例：I've got the habit of drinking a lot.13. cause, reasoncause 指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接of sth./doing sth；reason 用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接for sth./doing sth. 例：the reason for being late14. exercise, exercises, practiceexercise 运动，锻炼（不可数）；exercises 练习（可数）；practice（反复做的）练习，例：Practice makes perfect.15. class, lesson作“课”解时，两者可以替换。
反身代词搭配
dress oneself 自己穿衣come to oneself 恢复知觉devote oneself 致力于enjoy oneself 过的快活excuse oneself 为自己辩解explain oneself 说明自己的意图feel /be oneself 觉得正常forget oneself 忘我、失态help oneself to 随便吃、随便用make youself at home 不受约束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下talk/speak to oneself 自言自语teach oneself 自学be oneself (人)处于正常状态by oneself 独自地; 单独地come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地in spite of oneself 不知不觉地of oneself 独自; 自发地speak to oneself 自言自语dress oneself 穿衣wash oneself 洗澡teach oneself 自修conduct \behave oneself注意行为abandon oneself to 放纵的反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。
通常有强调性用法和非强调性用法。
一. 强调性用法:反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。
反身代词用于强调时要重读。
例:The manager himself served the customers.The manager served the customers himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。
反身代词搭配)
dress oneself 自己穿衣come to oneself 恢复知觉devote oneself 致力于enjoy oneself 过的快活excuse oneself 为自己辩解explain oneself 说明自己的意图feel /be oneself 觉得正常forget oneself 忘我、失态help oneself to 随便吃、随便用make youself at home 不受约束say to oneself 心里想seat oneself 坐下talk/speak to oneself 自言自语teach oneself 自学be oneself (人)处于正常状态by oneself 独自地; 单独地come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性for oneself 为自己; 代表自己; 独力地; 亲自地in spite of oneself 不知不觉地of oneself 独自; 自发地speak to oneself 自言自语dress oneself 穿衣wash oneself 洗澡teach oneself 自修conduct \behave oneself注意行为abandon oneself to 放纵的反身代词构成固定搭配大全反身代词是指myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves, himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself。
通常有强调性用法和非强调性用法。
一. 强调性用法:反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面;但如果不影响理解,作同位语的反身代词其位置比较灵活。
反身代词用于强调时要重读。
例:The manager himself served the customers.The manager served the customers himself. 经理亲自为顾客服务。
oneself和byoneself的区别
oneself和byoneself的区别by oneself和alone意思相同，强调“⼀个⼈”、“单独”。
oneself强调“亲⾃”、“⾃⼰”。
oneself根据所指词的⼈称、性别、单复数等的变化。
反⾝代词反⾝代词是⼀种表⽰反⾝或强调的代词。
它的基本含义是：通过反⾝代词指代主语，使施动者把动作在形式上反射到施动者⾃⼰。
因此，反⾝代词与它所指代的名词或代词形成互指关系，在⼈称、性质、数上保持⼀致。
表⽰反⾝或强调的代词叫做反⾝代词。
反⾝代词是由第⼀⼈称、第⼆⼈称形容词性物主代词或第三⼈称⼈称代词宾格形式，词尾加self或selves组成。
反⾝代词可译为“本⼈”、“本⾝”，为加强语⽓，也常译为“亲⾃”、“⾃⼰”。
反⾝代词的⽤法⼀、反⾝代词的基本形式反⾝代词是oneself根据所指词的⼈称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself，himself，herself，yourself，itself，ourselves，yourselves，themselves 等形式。
⼆、oneself与himself当one指⼈时，其相应的反⾝代词通常⽤oneself，在美国英语中也可⽤himself：One should not praise oneself [himself]. ⼀个⼈不应该⾃吹⾃擂。
三、反⾝代词的句法功能⽤作同位语（加强被修饰词的语⽓，仅放在被修饰名词后，或句末）：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱⼦本⾝并不重。
Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本⼈就是⼀名律师。
You had better ask the driver himself. 你最好问司机本⼈。
Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲⾃照顾病⼈。
Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲⾃来了。
新人教选修三词性转换
Unrtl1.precise adj.准确的；精确的precisely adv.准确地；精确地；的确如此2.Christianity n.基督教Christian n.基督徒adj.基督教的；基督徒的Christmas n.圣诞节Christ n. （also Jesus; Jesus Christ）基督；耶稣基督3.realistic adj.现实的;逼真的realism n.逼真；现实主义；务实作风realist n.现实主义画家（或作家等）；现实主义者real adj.真的；真实的really adv.事实上；真正地；确实；的确real⅛y n.现实；实际情况；事实unreal adj.不真实的；脱离现实的unrealistic adj.不切实际的；不实事求是的4.humanistic adj.人文主义的humanfty n.人性；人道；（统称）人类humanism n. 人文主义humanist n.人文主义者human adj.人的；人本性的；有人情味的n.人（also human being）1.1nfluential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的influence n.影响；作用；影响力vt.影响；对......起作用influencer n.网红6.mythology n.神话；虚幻的想法myth n.神话；神话故事7.photography n.照相术；摄影photographer n.摄影师；拍照者photograph n.照片vt.拍照8.emerge vl&vt.出现；浮现；暴露emergent adj.新兴的；处于发展初期的9.subjective adj.主观的subject n.主题；话题；题材；学科；实验对象；主语subjective adj.主观的objective n.目标；目的adj.客观的object n.物品；目标，目的；研究对象；宾语V.反对（~to...）10.fbnd adj.喜爱fondness n.喜爱11.sculpture n.雕像；雕刻品;雕刻术sculptor n.雕刻家；雕塑家12.visual adj.视觉的；视力的vision n.想象；视力；视野；影像envision vt.展望；想象visible adj.看的见的；可见的invisible adj.看不见的；不可见的13.arched adj.拱形的；弓形的arch vt. &vi.呈弧形横跨；（使）成弓形n.拱；拱形结构；拱门1.1investment n.投资额；投资；（时间、精力的）投入invest vt.投资；投入15.memorial n.纪念碑（或像等）；纪念物；纪念品adj.纪念的；悼念的memory n.记忆力；回忆memorize vt. 记忆；记住memoir n.（尤指名人的）回忆录；自传；地方志；大事记16.criticise [NAmE-ize] vi. & vt.批评；指责；评价criticism n.批评；指责；评论critica] adj.严重的；关键的；批判性的critic n.批评家；评论家；评论员；批评者；挑剔的人17.representative adj.典型的；有代表性的n.代表represent vt.象征；代表；相当于18.exhibition n.展览；（技能、感情或行为的）表演exhibit n.展览品；陈列品；物证vt.展览；展出；表现出（感情；品质或能力）19.artistic adj.艺术的；艺术家的artist n.艺术家art n.艺术20.entry n.加入；进入；参与enter v,进入；加入；报名参加entrance n.大门口；入口；进入；进入权21.civ∏ adj.国民的；民用的；民事的civilian n.平民；老百姓civilize vt.教化；开化；使文明；使有教养civ∏ized adj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的；有教养的civilization n.文明；文明世界22.recognition n.承认；认出；赞誉recognize vt.辨别出；承认；认可23.Buddhist adj.佛教的n.佛教徒Buddhism n.佛教Buddha n.佛；佛像（the Buddha 佛陀）24.expansk）n n.扩张；扩展；扩大expand vt.&vl扩大；增加vt.扩展；发展（业务）25.contemporary adj.当代的；现代的；属同时期的n.同代人；同辈人temporary adj.暂时的；短暂的26.worthy adj.值得∙∙∙∙∙的；有价值的WOrthn.价福adj.值……钱；有……价值；值得worthwhile adj.值得做的；值得花时间的trustworthy adj.值得信赖的Unit21.alcohol n.酒；酒精alcoholic adj.Adj.（含）酒精的n.酒精中毒者；嗜酒如命者；酒鬼2.physical adj.身体的；客观存在的；物理学的physically adv.身体上;肉体上physician n.医师；（尤指）内科医生physics n.物理学physicist n.物理学家physiofogy n.生理学；生理机能Physiofogist n.生理学家；生理学研究者physiological adj.生理学的physiologically adv.生理学地3.dominate vt. &vi.支配；控制；占有优势dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的4.repeatedly adv.重复地repeat vt.重复repeated adj.重复的；反复发生的repetition n.重复；重做repetitive adj.重复乏味的5.psychology n.心理学；心理；心理影响Psychofogist n心理学家psychological adj.心理学的psychologically adv.心理学地6.reward n.回报；奖励；报酬vt∙奖励；奖赏；给以报酬rewarding adj.值得做的；有益的；报酬高的7.rely VL依赖；依靠；信赖reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的（SYN dependable; countable）8.fecilitate vt.促进；促使;使便利facility n.设施；设备9.examine vt.（仔细）检查；审查；测验examination n.（仔细）检查；审查；测验10.pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的pessimist n.悲观主义者pessimism n.悲观主义optimistic adj.乐观的；乐观主义的optimist n.宗观主义者optimism n.乐观主义11 .delete v.删去；删除deletion n.删去;删除pose vt. &VL组成；作曲；撰写composrtbn n.作文；作曲；作品13.surgeon n.外科医生surgery n.外科手术；外科学14.1iberation n.解放；摆脱liberate v.解放15.disturb vt∙打扰；搅乱；使烦恼disturbing adj.令人不安的；引起烦恼的disturbed adj.不安的；烦恼的；精神不正常的disturbance n.干扰；骚乱；（心理或身体机能）紊乱；失调16.specialist n.专科医生；专家special adj.特别的；专门的；特设的n.特别活动（或节目）；特制产品；特价speciality n.特产；特色菜；专业；专长SpeciaHze v.专攻；专（呼究（或从事）17.consultant n.顾问；高级顾问医师consuħ vt.参考；查阅；请教；咨询vL商量；商讨consultation n.咨询；咨询会16.Stimulate vt.激发；促进；刺激stimulation n.刺激19.dentist n.牙科医生dental adj.牙齿的；牙科的20.sugary adj.含糖的；甜的sugar n.糖21.dynamic adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；动态的dynamically adv.动态地；充满活力地22.stressed out焦虑不安；心力交瘁stress n.压力；紧张；重音vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安；vi.焦虑不安edy n.喜剧；喜剧片;滑稽节目comedian n.喜剧演员comic n.连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的tragedy n.悲剧drama n.戏；居心戏剧艺术24.monthly adv.& adj.每月；每月一次的；n.月刊yearly adv.& adj.每年；每年一次的；n.年鉴weekly adv.& adj.每周；每周一次的；n.周刊daily adv.& adj.每天；每天一次的；n.日报25.refresh vt.使恢复精力；使凉爽；刷新refreshing adj.令人耳目--新的；别具--格的；使人精力充沛的；提神的refreshed adj.精神振奋的；清爽的；心旷神怡的refreshment n.食物和饮料；恢复活力；焕发精神Unit31.emission n.排放物；散发物；排放emit vt.发出；射出；散发（光、热）；排放2.starve vi. & vt.（使）挨饿；饿死starvation n.挨饿；饿死3.ecofogy n.生态；生态学ecologist n生态学家；生态保护论者ecological adj.生态的；生态学的；生态保护的4.habitable adj.适合居住的habitat n.（动植物的）生活环境；栖息地hab⅛ n.习惯；习性5.sustain vt.维持；遭受；承受住sustainable adj.可持续的；合理利用的prehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的comprehensively adv.完全地；彻底地7.frequently adv.频繁地；经常frequent adj.频繁的；经常的frequency n.发生率；重复率；（声波或电磁波振动的）频率8.policy n.政策；方针；原则politics n.政治；政治观点political adj.政治的polrtician n.政客；政治家9.restrict vt.限制；限定；束缚restriction n.限制规定；限制法规；约束restrictive adj.限制性的；约束的ISimplement vt.使生效；贯彻；执行implementation n.贯彻；执行；实施ILharmonious adj.和谐的harmony n.和谐12.moderate adj.适度的；中等的；温和的VL &vt.缓和；使适中moderation n.适度；合理13.submit vt. &vi.提交；呈递；屈服submission n.提交；呈递；屈服14.annual adj.每年的；一年的n.年刊；年鉴annually adv.每年地；一年一度地15.originate VL & vt.起源；发源；创立origin n.起源；起因；出身original adj.原来的；独创的；原作的n.原件；原作originally adv.原先；最初originality n.独创性16.restore vt.恢复；使复原；修复restoration n.恢复；使复原；修复17.conservation n.对（环境、文物等）保护；保持conserve vt.保护；保存；节省；节约conservative adj.保守的；守旧的18.regulation n.章程；规章制度regulate vt.约束；控制；管理19.disposal n.去掉；清除；处理dispose vt.去掉；清楚；处理20.inspection n.检查；查看；视察inspect vt.检查；查看；视察2Ltolerate vt.忍受；包容;容许toleration; tolerance n.忍受；包容；容许；忍耐力tolerant adj.忍受的；容忍的；宽容的；（植物，动物或机器）能够耐……的tolerable adj.可接受的；可忍受的；可容忍的Unit41.adversity n.困境；逆境adverse adj.不利的；有害的；反面的（SYN negative）2.endurance n.忍耐力；耐久力endure vt.容忍；忍耐（SYN bear, stand, tolerate, put up with）3.vigour [NAmE vigor] n.麻力；力量；活力（SYN energy） vigorous adj.精力充沛的；充满活力的（SYN energetic）4.qualified adj.符合资格；具备……的知识（或技能、学历等）qualification n.（通过考试或学习课程取得的）资格；学历qualify vt. & vL （使）具备资格；（使）合格5.enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的enthusiastically adv.热情地；热心地enthusiast n.热心者；爱好者；热情支持者enthusiasm n.热情；热心；热忱6.aboard adv. & prep.上（船、飞机、公共汽车等）board n.板，木板；董事会，委员会；膳食（费用）vi. & vt.上船（或火车、飞机、公共汽车等）；寄宿abroad adv.在国外;到国外7.assign vt.分派；布置；分配assignment n.工作；任务；作业；分派；布置8.steward n.（轮船、飞机或火车上的）乘务员；服务员stewardess n.女乘务员；空姐9.envy n. &vt.羡慕；妒忌(SYN jealousy)envious adj.羡慕的；嫉妒的(SYN jealous)enviously adv.羡慕地；嫉妒地10.abandon vt.舍弃；抛弃；放弃abandoned adj.被抛弃的；(人/行为)放纵的；堕落的11.befongings n. [pl ]财物；动产belong VL应在(某处)；适应12.miserable adj.痛苦的；令人难受的miserably adv.痛苦地；令人难受地13.voyage n. & vi.航海；航行voyager n.航行者；尤指远航探险者14.decent adj.相当不错的；正派的；得体的decently adv.相当不错地；正派地；得体地15.cosy adj.温馨的；舒适的cosiness n.温馨；舒适16.selfish adj.自私的selfless adj.无私的17.good∕bad-tempered adj.脾气好的 /坏的temper n.脾气；火气18.genuine adj.真正的；真诚的；可信赖的genuinely adv.真正地；真诚地19.perseverance n.毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神persevere VL坚持；孜孜以求20.resolve VL &vt.决定；决心；解决(问题或困难)(SYN decide; determine; settle)n.决心；坚定的信念(SYN determination)resolution n.决议；解决；坚定resolute adj.坚决的；有决心的(SYN determined)2Lcruel adj.残酷的；残忍的；冷酷的cruelty n.残忍；残酷22.thorough adj.深入的；彻底的；细致的thoroughly adv.深入地；彻底地；细致地23.furniture n.家具furnish v.在(房屋等)处布置家具furnished adj.(房屋，房间等)配备家具的24.UnfortunateIy adv.不幸地；遗憾地fortunately adv.幸运地fortunate adj.幸运的unfortunate adj.不幸的fortune n.机会；运气；大笔的钱；巨款misfortune n.厄运；不幸25.recreation n.娱乐；消遣；游戏(SYN entertainment; hobby; amusement; pastime)recreational adj.娱乐的；消遣的26.guidance n.指导；引导；导航guide n.指南；手册；导游；向导v.指路；指导guided adj.有导游的；有向导的27.advertising n.广告活动；广告业advertise vt. &vt公布；宣传；做广告advertisement （informal ad.）广告；启事28.corporate adj.公司的；法人的；社团的corporation n. （abbr. Corp.）公司；法人；法人团体29.rough adj.汹涌的；粗糙的；粗略的roughly adv.粗暴地；汹涌地；粗糙地；粗略地；大致地；30.navigator n.领航员；（飞机、船舶等上的）航行者navigate v.领航；航行；导航28.1OyaIadj.忠诚的；忠实的（SYN devoted; faithful） disloyal adj.不忠诚的；不忠实的loyalty n.忠诚；忠实mitment n.承诺；保证；奉献commit vt.承诺；保证（某个人；机构等）；Vi忠于；全心全意投入committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的；坚信的33.motive n.动机；原因；目的motivate vt.成为的动机;激发；激励motivated adj.积极的；主动的motivation n.动力；积极性；动机34.Confucianism n.孔子学说；儒家（学说）Conftician adj.儒家的；儒学的；孔子学说的Confucius n.孔子Un⅛51.drama n.戏；居∣J;戏剧艺术dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的；喜剧（般）的dramatically adj.巨大地；突然地；急剧地；喜剧（般）地 2.sorrow n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事（SYN grief） vi.感到悲伤sorrowful adj.悲伤的；悲痛的；悲哀的3.imagery n.形象的描述；意象；像image n.形象；印象1.1⅛erary adj.文学的；爱好文学的；有文学作品特征的literature n.文学literal adj.字面意义的；直译的literally adj.字面上；真正地5.nursery adj.幼儿教育的n.托儿所；保育室nurse n.护士vt.看护，照料（病人或伤者）；喂奶，哺育；吃奶（婴儿）6.respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为respective adj.分别的；各自的7.delicate adj.精美的；精致的；脆弱的（SYN fragfle） delicately adj.精美地;精致地；脆弱地8.utter vt.出声;说；讲adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的utterly adv.完全地；十足地；彻底地prehension n.理解力；领悟力；理解练习comprehensive adj.全部的；所有的；详尽的comprehensively adv.完全地；彻底地comprehend v.理解；领悟10.blank adj.空白的；无图画（或韵律、装饰）的；没表情的n.空白；空格blankly adv.毫无表情地；茫然地1 1.civilian n.平民；老百姓civil adj.国民的；民事的；民用的civilization n.文明；文明世界civilise vt.教化；开化；使文明；使有教养civilised adj.文明的；开化的；有礼貌的；有教养的12.sympathetic adj.同情的；有同情心的；赞同的sympathy n.同情；赞同Synpathetically adj.同情地；有同情心地Synpathize vt.同情；赞同；支持1 3.innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪（C）PPgUilt） innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的（OPP guilty）^.correspondence n.来往信件；通信联系correspond VL相一致；符合；相当于；通信15.dominant adj.首要的；占支配地位的；显著的dominate vt. & vi.支配；控制；占有优势16.contest n.比赛;竞赛；竞争（SYN competition） vt.争取赢得（比赛、选举等）；争辩contestant n.比赛者；竞争者（SYN compet⅛or）17.grief n.悲伤；悲痛；伤心事grieve vi.悲伤；悲痛plicated adj.复杂的；难懂的（SYN complex）19.variation n.变化；变体；变奏曲VaryVi.（根据情况）变化；改变varied adj.各种各样的；不同的various adj.各种各样的；多姿多彩的variety n.（植物，语言等的）变体；异体；多样化20.racial adj.种族的；人种的race n.种族;赛跑V.比赛；（使）快速移动；（心，头脑，思想）急速跳动；快速转动21.prejudice n.偏见；成见Vt.使怀有（或形成）偏见prejudiced adj.有偏见的；有成见的；偏爱的；偏心的。
名校版英语经典句型考点解析 反身代词及短语
名校版英语经典句型考点解析反身代词及短语for oneself 为自己；独自One shouldn’t live for himself alone.You must find it out for yourself.to oneself 独自享用When he eats in a restaurant, he likes a table to himself.of oneself 自动地The door opened of itself.dress oneself 自己穿衣The children dressed themselves up as angels to attend the ceremony.孩子们把自己打扮成天使去参加典礼。
come to oneself恢复知觉After three hours in the hospital bed, he began to come to himself.躺在医院床上三个小时后,他开始苏醒过来。
hide oneself把自己藏起来To leave quickly and secretly and hide oneself, often to avoid arrest or prosecution.秘密而迅速地离开且隐藏自己，常为躲避逮捕或迫害。
teach oneself 自学Training attentively students' ability to analyse, solve problems and teach oneself;注重培养学生分析、解决问题的能力和自学能力He teaches himself playing basketball.他自学打篮球。
lose oneself 迷路，沉浸于He lost himself in reading.他沉浸于阅读中。
talk to oneself 自言自语She couldn't sleep at night and often talked to himself.她晚上睡不着,经常自言自语。
词语辨析：oneself，byoneself和allbyoneself到底有没有区别
词语辨析：oneself，byoneself和allbyoneself到底有没有区别反身代词（Reflexive Pronoun）是在句子的主语和宾语相同时使用的以 -self 或 -selves 结尾的词，它们可以充当直接或间接宾语，如I believe in myself，意为“我相信自己”。
英语中有九个反身代词：myself，yourself，himself，herself，oneself，itself，ourselves，yourselves 和themselves；当你第一次听到反身代词时，它们可能看起来很复杂，但一旦你了解了它们，它们就是白纸了。
Reflexive 与reflect 有关，记住这一点很有用，因为反身代词reflect 了句子的主语，因此反身代词的使用前提是句子的主语必须是反身代词所指代的人或物，例如：直接宾语：The company has got itself into difficulties.公司本身陷入了困境。
间接宾语：They've bought themselves a new car.他们给自己买了一辆新车。
但是有的时候反身代词并不以宾语的语法功能出现，有时它们在句中用以强调主语或宾语；强调主语时，反身代词直接置于主语的后面，且根据主语的性别等变化而变化，例如：It is impossible to get help, so she is doing everything herself.无法获得帮助，所有的活儿只好她自己干。
Jane herself was at the meeting.简亲自参加了会议。
此时的反身代词常常与“(all) by + 反身代词”在意思上很接近，那么它们有什么区别呢？首先来看“by + 反身代词”是什么意思？九个反身代词都有这个结构，它们都有两个意思：一、意为“独自，单独”，相当于alone 或without anyone else，例如：She lives by herself.她独自一人生活。
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The Cultural Environment
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Pressure Groups
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Acculturation（文化适应）
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• Uncertain avoidance – The extent to which people feel threatened by ambiguous situations, and have created beliefs and institutions that try to avoid these. – High uncertain avoidance, examples • Greece, Portugal, Germany, France, Japan – Low uncertainty avoidance, examples • Anglo countries such as U.S, Canada, Britain. • Asian economies such as Singapore, India, Indonesia, Philippine, Malaysia
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The Business Environment
Elements of business culture
• Cultural values – Hofstede’s model • Patterns of behavior • Language and art communicates • Beliefs • Thought process
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environment
• The environment is everything (a set of forces and conditions) outside an organization’s boundaries.
Outputs
Materials Capital Labor Data
Products Services Profits Losses
Economic
The General Environment
Political Legal Social/Cultural
Technological
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Elements of culture
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• Masculinity vs. Femininity – Masculinity refers to a situation in which the dominant values in society are success, money, and things. • Japan, Austria – Femininity is a culture in which the dominant values in society are caring for others and quality of life. • Sweden, Denmark, Norway,
Context Cultures
• High-context culture（高语境文化） – In a high context culture, many things are left unsaid, letting the culture explain. – Examples: Japan and Saudi Arabia • Low-context culture（低语境文化） – in a lower context culture, the communicator needs to be much more explicit and the value of a single word is less important. – Example: North America
• Adjusting or adapting to a specific culture other than one’s own … and “one of the keys to success in international operations.
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• Cultural values – Hofstede’s model • Patterns of behavior • Language and art communicates • Beliefs • Thought process
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Cultural values model
• Hofsted developed a model consisting of four national cultural dimensions by which a society can be classified: – Power distance（权利距离） – Uncertainty avoidance（不确定性回避） – Individualism vs. collectivism（个人主义vs. 集体主义） – Masculinity vs. femininity（男性化vs.女性 化）
Defining Culture
• An integrated system of learned behavior patterns that are distinguishing characteristics of the members of any given society. • The definition encompasses a wide variety of elements, from materialistic to the spiritual. Transformation Management Employees Technology Operations
Feedbac k
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• Power distance – The extent to which less powerful members of institutions and organizations accept that power is distributed unequally. – High power distance, examples • Malaysia, Philippines • Indonesia, India, Mexico • Singapore, Thailand, Japan, Korea – Low power distance, examples • Denmark, New Zealand, Austria, Israel