翻译之虚拟语气

虚拟语气

第一种: 由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子

(1). 与现在的事实相反 [If --- + 过去式（be一般用were）---, --- + would do---]

If I were you , I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。

(2). 与过去的事实相反 [If --- + had +过去分词---, --- +would have done---]

If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam. 如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。(3). 与将来的事实可能相反 [If ---+ should +动原/wereto+动原/过去式---, ---+ would do---]

If it should rain tomorrow , what would you do ? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办?

【真题】Linda __________________________________(不可能收到我的电子邮件)；otherwise, she would have replied.（2011,12）

Couldn’t have received my email

【真题】You would not have failed if you _______________________________(按照我的指令去做).（2009,12）

You had followed my orders.

解析：考点是虚拟语气。

【真题】If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary______________________________________ (就不会被大雨淋湿了).

wouldn’t have been caught in the heavy rain .

解析：考点是虚拟语气、词汇。

【真题】If the reaction were to take place,____________________released.(巨大的能量就会被释放出来)

Tremendous amounts of energy would

第二种: 用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中

从句谓语形式为 “---(should ) + do sth”(在美语中should常省去) 。

类似用法的动词有 insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。

【CET-4:2006.6】The professor required that __________________(我们交研究报告)。

参考答案：we hand in our research report(s)

【真题】They requested that_______________(我借的书还回图书馆)by next Friday.【2010，12】books I borrowed （should）be returned to the library / I （should）return the book I borrowed to the library

解析：①request的用法。request v. 要求；当request表示“要求”时，引导的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形。②定语从句。“我借的书”，the book （that）I borrowed；③单词的拼写。归还return，借borrow，图书馆library ④本题提供了两个版本的答案，但在表示“规定，规则”时，被动语态更为常用。

第三种: 用在“It + be + important (,necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---（should）do sth”结构中的that 引导的主语从句中。

第四种：混合时间虚拟语气（主要是抓住时间状语）

(对过去事实虚拟+对现在事实虚拟)

If I had studied English at school, I could read the English novel now.

(对现在事实虚拟+对过去事实虚拟)

If she were not so careless, she wouldn’t have made such a mistake.

第五种：含蓄虚拟句

有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, but for, but that, otherwise, or, but 等。例如：

What would I have done without you?

But for their help, I would not have finished the task.

But that the doctor arrived on time that day, they would have been dead.

Given more time, I would have been able to finish the test.

as if/as though引导的方式状语

【真题】Those flowers looked as if they _____________________________(好长时间没有浇水了).（2012,6）

hadn’t been watered for a long time

解析：本题考查的是as if所引导和过去事实相反的虚拟语气。

特殊的情况：

1）在句型“It is (high/ about) time…”后面也可以跟虚拟语气，从句中常用过去式。有时也用“（should）+ 动词原形”，意为“该是……的时候了”。例如：

It is time that the boy (should) go to school.

【真题】It’s time_____________________(采取措施) about the traffic problem downtown.

something was done/some measures were taken

2）动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气

与现在事实相反 were或动词的一般过去式

与过去事实相反 had done或would/could have done

将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望 would/should(could, might)+动词原形

I wish she were here. 她在这里就好了。

I wish you would go with us tomorrow. 但愿你明天跟我们一块去。

I wish she had taken my advice. 那时她要是听我的话就好了。

3）if only后用虚拟语气(要是…就太好了)

现在没有实现的愿望一般过去式过去没有实现的愿望过去完成式

If only she had known where to find you. 他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。

If only I could speak several foreign languages!我要是能讲几种外语就好了!

4）连接词“in case, lest, for fear that”可以用来引导虚拟语气。其形式通常为：“…

lest (in case, for fear that) + 主语 + should + 动词原形”。Lest, for fear that 句中的 should 可以省

去， in case 句中的 should 通常不省去，但是 in case 句中可以不用虚拟语气，而用陈述语气。Lest, for fear that后面也可以接其他形式。例如：

He took his coat with him in case it should rain. 他带着雨衣以防下雨。

I will not make a noise for fear that I (should/ might) disturb you. 我不会做声的，以免打扰你。

Care must be taken in using this method lest overflow (should) occur. 在使用这以方法的时候要谨慎小心，以免发生溢流现象。