科技英语写作-1前言

那妇人生着一副绵软多肉的体格，一张坦率开诚的 面容，一种天真羞怯的神气。一双大落落的柔顺的 眼睛，里边隐藏着无穷的心事，只有那些对于凄惶 无告的穷苦人面目作过同情观察的人才看得出来。


日常英语
People get natural rubber from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid, which is called latex. They mix it with acid, and dry it, and then they send it to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry grew, people needed more and more rubber. They started rubber plantations in countries with hot, wet weather conditions, but these still could not give enough raw rubber to meet the needs of growing industry.

2、借用外来词汇
从词源学的角度来看，科技英语词汇，特别是
它的专业术语的一个显著特点，就是希腊语和 拉丁语的词素的占有极高比例。
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use up——exhaust throw back——reflect carry out——perform get rid of——eliminate get together——concentrate keep up——maintain










The doctor may insert thin needles into the skin of a patient at key points along meridians. 医生可以把一些细针沿病人身上的经络插进（关键点）中。 This kind of wood works easily. 这种木料易于（工作）。 The patient had been given three transfusions after he was admitted into the hospital. 病人入院后已（给）三次血了。 This medicine acts well on the heart. 这种药治疗心脏病（起作用）。
robot（智能
机器人） 首字母拼音法，如TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language（托福） 首字母缩略法，如CD: compact disk DJ：disk jockey
二、科技英语语法特点

1、一般陈述句多

专业化引申
His mother died of difficult labor. 他母亲死于（困难的劳动） The major problem in manufacturing is the control of contamination and foreign material. 制造时的一个主要问题是控制污染和（外界物质） The running of such automated establishments remains only a matter of reading various meters mounted on panels. 管理这种自动化工厂只不过要求（阅读）一下控制台上的各 种仪表而已。More weight must be placed on the past history of patients. 必须更加重视患者的（过去的历史） The bacterial pneumonia may complicate influenza at both extremes of age. （年龄的两个极端）流行性感冒患者可并发细菌性肺炎。
科技英语写作
Scientific English Writing
张洋瑞
科技英语是英语语言诸多变体中的一种，它与 通常的文学语言表述有明显的不同。 特点在于客观、直叙、简练、准确，所叙述的 过程具有很强的可操作性。

She was of a helpless, fleshy build, with a frank, open countenance and an innocent, diffident manner. Her eyes were large and patient, and in them dwelt such a shadow of distress as only those who have looked sympathetically into the countenances of the distraught and helpless poor know anything about.





In the microbial transformation of contaminants, organisms can either “eat” the toxins or break them down in the process of consuming other substances. 在对污染物进行微生物转化的过程中，生物会（吃掉）毒素 或在消耗其他物质时把这些毒素分解。 The research performed on smokers at rest indicates that smokers burn more calories than non-smokers. 对处于静息状态的吸烟者所作的研究表明，吸烟者比非吸烟 者（燃烧）的热量要多。 The plan for launching the man-made satellite still lies on the table. 那项发射人造卫星的计划（放在桌子上） The furnace eats up fuel at the rate of three tons per hour. 炉子以每小时三吨的速度（吃光）燃料。 Superconductivity technology is now in its infancy. 超导体技术正处于发展的（婴儿期）

具体化或形象化引申
Other things being equal, copper heats up faster than iron.
其他（事情）相同时，铜比铁热得快。 There are many things that should be considered in determining cutting speed. 在测定切削速度时，应当考虑许多（事情） The thermometer rises or falls according as the air is hot or cold. 温度计随空气的冷热而下降或上升。（温度计） Australian researchers have developed an implantable hearing prosthesis that inserts 22 electrodes into the inner ear and is connected to a pocket speech processor.
科技英语写作的分类
一、按写作目的分类

科技论文根据写作目的可分为期刊论文、学位论 文和会议论文。 （1）期刊论文 （2）学位论文：学士论文、硕士论文、博士论文 （3）会议论文
二、按论文内容分类

科技论文根据内容可分为实验型、理论型和综述 型三种。 （1）实验型论文 （2）理论型论文 （3）综述型论文


澳大利亚研究人员已经研制了一种可植入的（听觉假体）。 该（听觉假体）将22个电极插入内耳并与一台袖珍语言信息 处理机相连。

概括化或抽象化引申


Americans every year swallow 15,000 tons of aspirin, one of the safest and most effective drugs invented by man. 阿司匹林是人类发明的最安全、最有效的药物，美国每年要（吞 咽）15000吨。 Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds. 合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种（两地间中途歇脚的客栈） In 24 hours the heart in a human body receives and pumps out some 1000 quarts of blood. 24小时内，（接受或泵出）的心脏循环的血液约为1000夸脱。 The year 2000 problem brings the largest companies in the world to their knees. 2000年问题使世界上最大的公司都要向它（跪下） Industrialization and environmental degradation seem to go hand in hand. 工业化发展似乎（携手）着环境的退化。
科技英语
Natural rubber is obtained from rubber trees as a white, milky liquid known as latex. This is treated with acid and dried before being dispatched to countries all over the world. As the rubber industry developed, more and more rubber was required. Rubber plantations were established in countries with a hot, humid climate, but these still could not supply sufficient raw rubber to satisfy the requirements of developing industry.
科技英语的特点
一、词汇特点 二、语法特点 三、文体特点
一、词汇特点

1、普通英语词汇



科技词汇的语义外延是根据所指的关系。 feed（喂养）转译为“供水、输送、电源”等； head（头）转移为“源头、机关、弹头、磁头”等； power（力、权力）转移为“电能、电力、分辨率、幂”等； base（基础）在化学领域中转译为“碱”，在医学领域转译 为“主药”； bowl（碗）用在地质学语域中转译为“盆地”或“斜向中心 的地面”，在机械和铸造专业中转译为“碗形结构”。
complete submarine purchase sufficient manual cautious assist attempt obtain approximately utilize
3、缩略语 大量使用缩略语是科技英语的另一个特点。 缩略词有如下几类

缩略法，如expo：exposition（展览） 拼缀法，如knowbot：knowledge
push into——insert put in——add think about——consider take away——remove fill up——occupy hang up——suspend


finish underwater buy enough handbook careful help try get about use