系动词重点和难点解析

系动词重点和难点解析

一、连系动词有被动语态吗

Her forehead ______ hot. I’m afraid she is ill.

A. is feeling

B. feels

C. is felt

D. has been felt

此题应选B。容易误选C, 因为从意义上看, “前额”应该是“被摸”, 所以不少考生误入C的陷阱。

英语中look(看起来), sound(听起来), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), feel(摸起来)等表示感官的连系动词, 它们在意义上是被动的, 但在形式上却不能是被动的(因为连系动词是不及物动词, 不可能有被动形式)。同时, 以上连系动词在表示以上意义时, 通常也不用于进行进态(除look外)。

1. The picture ______ beautiful.

A. is looked

B. has looked

C. will be looked

D. looks

2. The soup _____ very nice.

A. smells

B. is smelt

C. is smelling

D. smells to be

3. As is known to us all, glass _____ smooth.

A. feels

B. is felt

C. is feeling

D. will feel

若以上动词不是用作连系动词, 而是用作实义动词;或者即使是用作连系动词, 而不表示以上意思, 则可用进行时态：

Are you feeling any better? 你感到好些了吗?

He was tasting the pudding. 他在尝布丁。

答案：1. D 2. A 3. A

二、连系动词后可以接to be吗

The story sounds ______.

A. to be true

B. as true

C. being true

D. true

此题应选D。该题很容易误选A。这里涉及连系动词后是否接to be的题：

1. 在seem, appear, prove, continue等连系动词以及用作连系动词的短语turn out等之后, 可以接to be, 但可省略：

He seems (to be) sad. 他似乎很伤心。

He appears (to be) angry. 他似乎生气了。

The news turned out [proved] (to be) false. 那消息结果是假的。

2. 在feel, smell, sound, taste等连系动词后不接to be：

这汤味道不错。

正：The soup tastes nice.

误：The soup tastes to be nice.

在look(看起来)之后是否接to be, 语法专家意见不一, 但总的说来, 以不用为佳。

3. 在表语形容词前的to be通常不省略：

He seems [appears] to be asleep. 他似乎睡着了。

He seemed to be awake when I went into his room. 我进屋时, 他似乎醒了。

He doesn’t seem to be afraid of it. 他似乎不怕它。

He seems quite sure of it. 他似乎对此很有把握。

She appeared to be very fond of the book. 她似乎很喜欢这本书。

三、要分清是连系动词还是实义动词

a. He looks ______.

b. He looked ______ at his broken car.

A. sad, sad

B. sadly, sadly

C. sad, sadly

D. sadly, sad 此题应选C。这里要分清look用作实义动词和连系动词的两种不同用法。从句意和结构上看：a句中的look 是连系动词(句意为：他看起来很伤心), 所以此句用形容词sad作表语。b句中的look是实义动词(句意为：他伤心地看着他的破汽车;另外句子中的介词at也给我们一定的提示), 所以此句用副词sadly作状语。

以下各例也涉及实义动词和连系动词的两种用法：

1. a. Hearing this, she felt _____.

b. I felt _____ we should take some action.

A. happy, strong

B. happily, strongly

C. happy, strongly

D. happily, strong

2. a. The dog is too dirty and smells _____.

b. The dog can’t be used for hunting, for he smells _____.

A. bad, bad

B. badly, badly

C. bad, badly

D. badly, bad

3. a. He worked very hard, and his dream came _____ at last.

b. The boy came ____ to the shop with the money his mother gave him.