2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

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考博英语翻译及写作真题解析与强化练习-英译汉【圣才出品】

第一章英译汉

第一节考博英语英译汉部分考核要求和试题分析

一、考博英语英译汉部分考核要求

全国博士生入学考试英语翻译题（英译汉部分）的类型一般分为四类：语句翻译、段落翻译、篇章翻译和文章中划线句的翻译。

英译汉的部分，以段落翻译居多，其类型一般也分为语句翻译、篇章翻译（就一个主题进行说明、描述和论证）。对文章中划线句进行翻译的形式出现的较少。

根据原国家教委1992年颁布的《非英语专业研究生英语教学大纲》规定，博士生“英语入学水平原则上应达到或略高于硕士生的通过水平”。而硕士生英译汉教学要求是“能借助词典，把有相当难度的一般性题材文章译成汉语，理解正确，译文达意。笔译速度达到每小时350个左右英文单词。”汉译英的教学要求是“能借助词典，将一般难度的短文译成英语，无重大语法错误，笔译速度达到每小时250个左右汉字。”目前，国家对博士生入学英语考试未作统一规定，由各院校自行安排。因而，博士生入学考试英语翻译的考核标准和要求只能参照硕士生的要求。如天津大学主要是考查汉译英，要求将一般性题材的汉语短文在正确理解基础上翻译成规范、通顺的英语。译文要求忠实原文，表达基本正确，无重大语言错误。

现在，普遍的情况是要求考生将一篇近400词的英语短文中有下划线的5个句子翻译成汉语。主要测试考生能否从语篇的角度正确理解英语原句的意思，并能用准确、达意的汉语书面表达出来。更加注重在特定的语境下和联系上下文理解句子或句群的意思。形式越来越灵活，强调考查学生对英语的运用能力，能力测试的趋势增强。

二、考博英语英译汉部分试题分析

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2006年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解

Paper One

Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure (15%)

Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter or Answer Sheet I with a single line through center.

1. Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly

over the next two months.

A. plodded

B. peeped

C. plunged

D. peaked

【答案】D

【解析】句意：官方数字显示，失业率在十一月达到顶峰，然后在随后的两个月里慢慢回落。peak到达最高点。plod沉重缓慢地走。peep窥视，偷看。plunge投入，跳进，陷入。

2. The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat

stroke.

A. passed away

2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解【圣才出品】

2011年复旦大学考博英语真题及详解

Paper One

Part Ⅰ Vocabulary and Structure （15%）

Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET I with a single line through the center.

1. He’s color-blind and can’t ______ the difference between red and green easily.

A. detect

B. discover

C. distinguish

D. determine

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他是色盲，难以辨出红色和绿色的区别。distinguish区分，辨别，分清。

2. As many as 100 species of fish, some ______ to these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.

A. unusual

B. particular

C. typical

D. unique

【解析】句意：多达100种鱼可能会受到污染的影响，而且有些鱼类是这些水域所特有的。be unique to为惯用搭配，指“只有……才有的；对……独一无二的”。其他选项也包含“特有的”意思，其区别在于：unusual指事物时表示某事极少发生，或极少被人耳闻目睹；particular指某事物存在专有特点，以此与其他事物相区别；typical侧重指“典型”，指某个群族中共有、而区别于其他群族。因此本题答案为D项。

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(生态环境类绿色和平组织)【圣才出品】

Passage1绿色和平组织

Green peace has identified global climate change as one of the greatest threats to the ernments and scientists alike have agreed that the problem is real and serious.

Last year at the climate summit in Kyoto,industrialized countries agreed,at least on paper,to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases they pump into the atmosphere.But crucial details,upon which the success or failure of the agreement rests,are still under negotiation,and in the meantime little real action is being taken to address the problem.

Greenpeace is therefore campaigning for governments to face up to their responsibilities and urgently address this problem.The longer action is delayed,the more drastic it will need to be in order to avoid dangerous interference with the planet’s climate from the so-called greenhouse gases.

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类社会趣闻)【圣才出品】

Passage8社会趣闻

That title always had grandeur to it.“Miss America.”Ah,the simple,arrogant brilliance.It suggests a prom queen who wants to become the Statue of Liberty. Now she’s75and darned if she isn’t fresh as a Hard Copy headline.

When the Atlantic City pageant airs this Saturday in the U.S.on the NBC network,some ambitious young woman—one of the50000who try out each year—will realize the gossamer dream that last year enveloped Heatber Whitestone, the first deaf Miss America.But in the months leading to that night,the pageant has been slapped with unseemly controversy.A Miss Maryland runner-up charges that she was denied her state title because of vote rigging.Other state runners-up are vexed because a woman who had lost the Miss New Jersey competition four times decamped to Delaware and won the title there.And throughout America the anguished debate roils on.Should the swimsuit competition be dropped?

2012年复旦大学考博英语真题及答案

2012年复旦大学考博英语试卷

词汇

1 It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______

way the store was organized.

A logical

B haphazard

C orderly

D tidy

2 Mississippi also uplolds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine.

A destructive

B horrible

C amiable

D delectable

3 If she is stupid,she’s _____pleasant to look at.

A at any rate

B by chance

C at a loss

D by the way

4 The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead.

A fantastic

B frank

C frantic

D frenzy

5 In your teens,peer-group friendships may _____from parents as the major influence on you.

A take control

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(宗教信仰类日记)【圣才出品】

Passage2日记

This calming down is perhaps the main reason why I keep a diary.It is incredible how the written sentence can calm and tame a man.The sentence is always something different from the man writing it.It stands before him as something alien,a sudden solid wall which cannot be leaped over.One might walk around it,but before one even arrives on the other side,there is a new wall at a sharp angle to the first,a new sentence,no less alien,no less solid or high,and likewise beckoning one to walk around it.Gradually,a labyrinth arises,in which the builder just barely knows his way.He is calmed by its tangled paths.

The people closest to a writer could not stand hearing everything that has excited him.Excitement is catching,and others hopefully have their own lives, which cannot consist only of someone else’s excitement,otherwise they would suffocate.Then there are the things one cannot tell anybody,even the closest people,because one is too ashamed.It is not good if they are not articulated at all: it is not good if they pass into oblivion.The mechanisms one uses to make life easy are far too well developed.First a man says,somewhat timidly,“I really couldn’t help it”.And then,in the twinkling of an eye,the matter is forgotten.To escape this unworthiness,one ought to write the thing down,and then much later,perhaps years later,when self-complacence is dripping out of all one’s pores,when one least expects it,one is suddenly,and to one’s horror,confronted with it.“I was capable of that,I did that”.

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(其他类人类学)【圣才出品】

Passage6人类学

What are we?To the biologist we are members of a sub-species called Homo sapiens,which represents a division of the species known as Homo sapiens.Every species is unique and distinct;that is part of the definition of a species.But what is particularly interesting about our species?For a start,we walk upright on our legs at all times,which is an extremely unusual way of getting around for a mammal. There are also several unusual features about our head,not least of which is the very large brain it contains.A second unusual feature is our strangely flattened face with its prominent,down-turned nose.Apes and monkeys have faces that protrude forwards as a muzzle and have“squashed”noses on top of this muzzle.There are many mysteries about evolution,and the reason for our unusually shaped nose is one of them.Another mystery is our nakedness or rather apparent nakedness. Unlike the apes,we are not covered by a coat of thick hair.Human body hair is very plentiful,but it is extremely fine and short so that,for all practical purposes,we are naked.Very partly this has something to do with the second interesting feature of our body:the skin is richly covered with millions of microscopic sweat glands.The human ability to sweat is unmatched in the primate world.

2012医博统考听力题及原文

2012年全国医学博士外语统一

考试英语试卷

试卷一(Paper One)

Part ⅠListening Comprehension (30%)

Section A

Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. Aider you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.

Listen to the following example.

You will hear:

Woman: I fell faint.

Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day.

Question: What’s the matter with the woman?

You will read:

A. She is sick.

B. She is bitten by an ant.

C. She is hungry.

2012年上海复旦大学考研翻译硕士MTI面试复试笔试真题及答案

上海复旦大学考研

翻译硕士MTI复试面试真题及答案

THE AUTHORITY OF SCIENCE VS. THE AUTHORITY OF THE

CHURCH

A History of Western Philosophy by Bertrand Russell

（注：考题未给作者和出处）

(The period of history which is commonly called 'modern' has a mental outlook which differs from that of the medi period in many ways. Of these, two are the most important: the diminishing authority of the Church and the increasing authority of science...)

The authority of science, which is recognized by most philosophers of the modern epoch, is a very different thing from the authority of the Church, since it is intellectual, not governmental. No penalties fall upon those who reject it; no prudential arguments influence those who accept it. It prevails solely by its intrinsic appeal to reason. It is, moreover, a piecemeal and partial authority; it does not, like the body of Catholic dogma, lay down a complete system, covering human morality, human hopes, and the past and future history of the universe. It pronounces only on whatever, at the time, appears to have been scientifically ascertained, which is a small island in an ocean of nescience. There is yet another

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(社会问题类人体器官移植)【圣才出品】

Passage16人体器官移植

In most countries,the law on organ transplantation is poorly defined,as legislation has not yet been created to cope with this advance in surgery.The existing framework relating to physical assault and care of the dead has no provision for organ transplantation.It is customary to ask the permission of the relatives,but,because organ removal must take place immediately after death,it may be impossible to reach the relatives in time.It has been suggested that there should be a widespread campaign to encourage persons to provide in their wills that their organs be used for transplantation.An alternative is to provide by law that permission is assumed unless removal has been forbidden by the individual in his lifetime.Such laws have been passed in Denmark,France,Sweden,Italy,and pulsory postmortem examination,a far more extensive procedure than organ removal for grafting,is required in most countries after unexpected death, and this compulsion is not public concern and debate.

复旦大学博士研究生入学考博英语历年真题试题(经典6套)2007-2012年

2012年复旦大学考博英语真题

Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure

1 It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______

way the store was organized.

A logical

B haphazard

C orderly

D tidy

2 Mississippi also uplolds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine.

A destructive

B horrible

C amiable

D delectable

3 If she is stupid,she’s _____pleasant to look at.

A at any rate

B by chance

C at a loss

D by the way

4 The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead.

A fantastic

B frank

C frantic

D frenzy

5 In your teens,peer-group friendships may _____from parents as the major influence on you.

《考博英语阅读理解150篇详解》(医学保健类恐惧症)【圣才出品】

Passage17恐惧症

Phobia is intense and persistent fear of a specific object,situation,or activity. Because of this intense and persistent fear,the phobic person often leads a constricted life.The anxiety is typically out of proportion to the real situation,and the victim is fully aware that the fear is irrational.

Phobic anxiety is distinguishable from other forms of anxiety only in that it occurs specifically in relation to a certain object or situation.This anxiety is characterized by physiological symptoms such as a rapid,pounding heartbeat, stomach disorders,nausea,diarrhea,frequent urination,choking feelings,flushing of the face,perspiration,tremulousness,and faintness.Some phobic people are able to confront their fears.More commonly,however,they avoid the situation or object that causes the fear—an avoidance that impairs the sufferer’s freedom.

复旦大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析

复旦大学20XX年博士研究生入学考试英语试题附参考答案和解析Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through center.

1．Official figures show that unemployment ______ in November and then fell slowly over the next two months.

A．plodded B．peeped C．plunged D．peaked

2．The old lady was immediately sent to a nearby hospital when she ______ from heat stroke.

A．passed away B．passed off C．passed out D．passed by 3．Her spirits ______ at the thought of all the work she had to do that morning.

复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题2012年.doc

复旦大学博士招生入学考试英语真题2012年

(总分：100.00，做题时间：180分钟)

一、Part I Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：15.00)

1.It was very difficult to find the parts needed to do the job because of the ______ way the store was organized. （分数：0.50）

A.logical

B.haphazard

C.orderly

D.tidy

2.Mississippi also uplolds the South’s well-deserved reputation for warm,hospitable people;balmy year-round weather;and truly______cuisine. （分数：0.50）

A.destructive

B.horrible

C.amiable

D.delectable

3.If she is stupid,she’s _____pleasant to look at. （分数：0.50）

A.at any rate

B.by chance

C.at a loss

D.by the way

4.The mother was_____with grief when she heard that her child was dead. （分数：0.50）

A.fantastic

B.frank

C.frantic

D.frenzy

(完整版)复旦大学年博士研究生入学考试英语试题(含答案),推荐文档

复旦大学2007 年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Part ⅠVocabulary and Structure （15 points）

Directions：There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the

corresponding letter on ANSWER SHEET Ⅰ with a single line through the center.

1.Although the false banknotes fooled many people, they did not to a close

examination.

A．keep up B．put up C．stand up D．look up

2．When I bent down to tie my shoelace, the seat of my trousers .

A．split B．cracked C．broke D．holed

3.His thighs were barely strong enough to support the weight of his body.

A．inanimate B．rustic C．malleable D．shrunken