基础医学英语-山东大学

Para.3 Question: 4. What are the basic components of neurons ? ( nucleolus n. 核仁 / nucleus 细胞核 ) Para. 4 Question: 5. What are the functions of dendrites ? dendritic spinules 微刺 dendritic zone 树突区
Fundamental Medical English
《基础医学英立
Teaching Set-up
This course is conducted on a one-unit-a week basis preceded by a general introduction to medical English in the first week of the school term. Units chosen are as follows:
Nervous System Organization
Understanding the Text
Part I General Introduction (para.1-5) Para. 1 Questions: 1.What does this paragraph mainly talk about ? components and functions of nervous system 2. Explain the following: neurons/nerve cells/nuclei/ganglia/neuroglia
Unit 8 The Immune System Unit 11 Cloning and Genes Unit 12 Pathology Unit 13 Medication Unit 14 Microbiology Unit 15 A Survey of Medicine
Routines for each unit
finely tuned---- 调节精细的 tune v. 调节, 调整; 使和谐, 使一致 e.g. The colors are perfectly tuned to each other. 颜色很协调。 The machine has just been tuned. 机器刚调整过。 Para. 9 bundled nerve cell processes----成束的神经细胞突起
Unit 1 Holism
Unit 2 The Musculoskeletal System Unit 3 The Nervous System Unit 4 The Circulatory System Unit 5 The Respiratory System Unit 6 The Digestive System Unit 7 The Urinary System
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus Thalamus Gray matter
Cerebrum
White matter
Basal ganglia
Part III The Peripheral Nervous System (para. 10 )
The four groups of nerves that branch from the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral regions of the spinal cord are called the peripheral nerves. The peripheral nervous system includes all the nerves and ganglia found outside the brain and spinal cord, more specifically, the cranial, spinal and autonomic nerves. axonal/dendritic processes 轴突/树突 (P40)
cerebrum
cerebellum
pituitary
hypothalamus
Brain stem
Medulla oblongata Brain Stem
The pons
The midbrain
Cerebellum
Gray matter White matter
Brain
1. Word Formation 2. Group Discussion 3. Background Knowledge 4. Understanding the Text 5. Assignment
Unit 3 The Nervous System
Word Formation
neur/o- 神经 necle/o 核 gangli/o-, ganglion/o- 神经节 gli/o- 胶, 胶质 ( neuron, neurofibril ) ( nucleus ) ( ganglia ) ( neuroglia )
Nerves are divided into sensory nerves, motor nerves, and mixed nerves. Sensory nerves receive impulses from the various systems of the body, such as the eyes, ears, nose, tongue and skin. And bring them to the CNS, while motor nerves conduct impulses from the CNS to muscles and glands. Therefore, sensory nerves are also called afferent nerves, and motor nerves are efferent nerves. Mixed nerves are composed both of sensory and motor nerves.
1. What do you know about nervous system ? 2. Why is the nervous system important to us ?
Background Knowledge
Nervous system The system of cells, tissues, and organs that regulates the body's responses to internal and external stimuli. In vertebrates it consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves, ganglia, and parts of the receptor and effector organs. There are probably more than 100000 million nerve cells in the body. The nervous system is the sum total of all these, together with their nerve fibers, which spread throughout the body, and the various supporting components of nervous tissue.
medull/o 髓质
( medulla ) ( cytoplasm )
cyt/o, -cyte 细胞
mito- 线
( mitochondrial )
-ule (使小后缀) ( spinule, tubule ) fibr/o- 纤维 ( neurofibril )
Group Discussion
Para. 2 Question: 3.What are the functions of neurons and neuroglia ?
Difficult Points variety----n. the quality of not being the same 多样化, 变化 e.g. 1) His writing lacks variety. (文体缺乏变化） 2) give variety to the programme ( 使节目丰富多彩) 3) Neurons are constructed in various varieties. 神经元的构成是多样的。
Para. 5 Question: 6. What consists of the cytoplasm of axon ? Difficult Points process----n. projecting part of the body 突起 e.g. articulating process 关节突 ciliary processes 睫状突 mastoid process 乳突 transverse process 横突 xiphoid process 剑突
Difficult Points
cerebral cortex integration/integrate 综合; 整合 process----n. technical or scientific action 方法 e.g. A process for testing serum samples has been developed in the research laboratory. 实验室研发了一种检测血清样本的新方法。
Like a central processing unit, the nervous system regulates and coordinates many body activities. It is divided into the central nervous system (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), composed of nerves, ganglia, and receptors.