14供应链管理

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供应链管理习题库及参考答案

供应链管理习题库及参考答案1.供应链是生产及流通过程中，由上游与下游企业共同建立的网链状组织，其英文简写为SCM。

2.供应链管理的目的是既提高服务水平又降低物流总成本。

3.供应链的特征包括动态性、面向用户需求、交叉性，但不包括静态性。

4.供应链不仅是一条连接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，而且是一条增值链。

5.商流是货物所有权的转移过程，是在供货商与消费者之间进行的双向流动。

6.供应链是一个网链结构，由围绕核心企业的供应商、供应商的供应商和用户、用户的用户组成。

7.以最低的成本将原材料转化成零部件和成品，并尽量控制供应链中的库存和运输成本，这种供应链属于有效型供应链。

8.在客户市场需求稳定，且生产的产品相对成熟的情况下，效率型供应链更能发挥竞争优势。

9.基于相对稳定、单一的市场需求而形成的供应链，我们称为稳定的供应链。

10.在市场变化加剧情况下，若供应链成本增加，库存增加、浪费增加时，企业不能在最优状态下运作，此时的供应链是倾斜供应链。

11.当企业订购的产品数量大、竞争激烈时，合作伙伴选择最适宜的方法是招标法。

12.对于长期合作需求而言，合作伙伴应选择战略性合作伙伴。

13.供应链合作关系特征不包括供应链的动态性。

1.供应链的有效运营需要考虑灵敏度、应变能力、精简、柔性和协调等方面。

2.简洁性原则是供应链设计的重要原则之一，每个节点都应该精简、具有活力，并能够快速组合业务流程以快速响应市场。

3.功能性产品和创新性产品是按市场需求模式分类的两种产品类型，钢铁属于功能性产品。

4.平均缺货率高不属于功能性产品的特征。

5.边际贡献率5％－20％、产品生命周期为3个月－1年、平均缺货率10％－40％属于功能型产品的特征。

6.季末降价率高属于创新型产品的特征。

7.在为企业寻找有效的供应链前，需要确定市场需求、企业供应链类型和业务战略，并使它们相匹配和相适应，以实现产品和供应链的有效组合。

8.产品生命周期引入期的供应链策略之一是高频率、小批量的发货。

ppt_第14章运营管理马风才

增加对未来需求的可预见性和可控能力，长期的合作关系使供应更加稳定
高质量的产品增强了供应商的竞争力
对采购商
增加对采购业务的控制能力
通过长期的、相互信任的订货合同满足了采购要求
减少和消除了不必要的到货物资的检查活动
运营管理
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供应商管理：双赢关系的有效管理
合理的供应商评价方法信息的交流与共享供应商的激励机制
集中策略
优点：容易达到整体库存水平低缺点：协调控制难度大
运营管理
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第十四章供应链管理
14.1 概述 14.2 物流管理 14.3 基于供应链的采购管理 14.4 基于供应链的库存控制 14.5 供应链绩效评价
运营管理
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14.5 供应链绩效评价
绩效评价的作用
掌握整个供应链的运行效果奖优罚劣促进节点企业之间的合作
企业已有的运营能力专业技术产品质量需求特性成本风险
运营管理
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第十四章供应链管理
14.1 概述 14.2 物流管理 14.3 基于供应链的采购管理 14.4 基于供应链的库存控制 14.5 供应链绩效评价
运营管理
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14.4 基于供应链的库存控制
供应商管理库存（VMI）
（3）安装，保修和现场维修服务。戴尔以预付合同为基础，提供有限的保修和上门安装以及维修服务。当顾客购买了设备并出货时就可以得到这些服务。
（4）网上培训服务。戴尔会提供或推荐客户使用网上培训程序。戴尔的在线说明清晰明了，有例子和常见问答链接。对于主要的企业和政府客户，还会设计定制化的培训软件来满足特殊客户的需求。
而且竞争多于合作

供应链管理知识点

供应链管理知识点一.名次解释1.供应链：供应链是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的，将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网链结构2。

供应链管理：是在整合利用资源的理念指导下，对从原始供应商到最终客户的供应链网络进行管理、协调和控制，使供应链网络能快速响应顾客需求,在合适的时间、地点提供合适数量的优质产品，进而实现供应链整体利益和成员企业利益的最大化3.库存：用于将来目的的当前处于闲置状态的资源4.牛鞭效应：指供应链上的信息流从最终客户向原始供应商端传递的时候，由于无法有效地实现信息的共享，使得信息扭曲而逐渐放大，导致需求信息出现越来越大的波动5。

供应商管理库存：是指由供应商按照预期需求以及事先达成的最高和最低库存水平，代表客户组织对客户的库存进行监督，规划和管理6.联合库存管理:Joint Managed Invetory 强调双方同时参与，共同制定库存计划，使供应链过程中的每个库存管理着(供应商，制造商，分销商）都从相互之间的协调性考虑,保持供应链相邻的两个节点之间的库存管理着对需求的预期保持一致,从而消除了需求变异放大现象7。

物流：现代物流是供应链管理的一个组成部分,是对供应链上各种物料，服务及信息从起始点到终点流动过程的计划，组织和控制活动的总称8.第三方物流:是指生产经营企业为集中精力搞好主业,把原来自己处理的物流活动，以合同形式委托给专业物流服务企业，同时通过信息系统与物流企业保持密切联系，以达到对物流全程管理的控制的一种物流运作与管理模式9。

采购：（狭义）采购时企业购买货物与服务的行为（广义）采购是企业取得货物与服务的过程,它包括了企业为取得与自身需求相吻合的货物和服务而必须进行的所有活动10.供应商开发：企业寻找符合自身要求的供应商并与之建立关系的过程11。

供应商调查：供应商调查时在收集到潜在供应商信息的基础上，通过多种渠道来获取并核实有关供应商在生产，质量，研发，财务等方面的实际能力的信息12。

供应链管理要点

供应链管理要点在现代商业环境中，供应链管理起着至关重要的作用。

有效的供应链管理可以实现供应链的高效运作，提高产品质量和客户满意度，降低成本并创造更多的商业机会。

以下是一些供应链管理的关键要点：1. 卓越的供应商关系与供应商建立卓越的合作伙伴关系至关重要。

与供应商保持密切的沟通，建立互信关系，并确保供应商能够按时交付所需的产品和服务。

通过建立长期的合作伙伴关系，企业可以获得更好的价格和质量，同时降低供应风险。

2. 数据驱动的决策数据分析对于供应链管理至关重要。

通过收集、分析和解读供应链数据，企业能够更好地了解供应链的运作情况，及时发现潜在问题，并做出相应的决策。

数据驱动的决策有助于提高供应链的效率和可靠性，提供更好的客户服务，并支持战略规划和业务增长。

3. 良好的库存管理库存管理是供应链管理中的关键环节。

良好的库存管理可以实现及时交付，减少过剩和过期库存，降低库存成本。

通过使用适当的库存管理工具和技术，企业可以更好地控制库存水平，实现供需的平衡，并确保库存持续可用。

4. 敏捷的供应链设计敏捷的供应链设计是适应市场需求快速变化的关键。

企业应该建立灵活的供应链网络，能够快速响应市场变化，及时调整生产和配送计划，以满足客户的需求。

敏捷的供应链设计可以帮助企业减少风险，提高响应能力，并提供差异化的竞争优势。

5. 可持续发展供应链管理应该注重可持续发展。

企业应该考虑环境、社会和经济的可持续性，通过采取可持续的采购和运输方式，减少资源消耗和碳排放。

可持续发展的供应链管理可以提高企业形象，满足社会和客户的期望，同时降低运营风险。

以上是供应链管理的一些关键要点，企业可以根据自身情况进行灵活应用，实现供应链的高效运作和持续改进。

供应链管理

供应链管理１、纵向一体化：大而全、小而全的纵向一体化管理模式最大限度掌握市场份额，牢牢控制用于生产经营的各种资源，1是高度自制的策略2囊括几乎所有零部件加工、装配活动3分销、零售环节纳入业务内２、横向一体化：利用企业外部资源快速响应市场需求，只抓住自己具有核心竞争力的业务，而将非核心业务委托或外包给合作伙伴企业３、供应链含义：是围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商，直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网络结构（供应链不仅是一条链接供应商到用户的物料链、信息链、资金链，还是增值链）４、供应链管理含义：使供应链运作达到最优化，以最少成本让供应链从采购开始，到满足最终顾客所有过程，包括工作流、实物流、资金流和信息流等均能高效运作，把合适产品以合理价格，及时准确送到消费者手上５、供应链运作方式和特点：１推动（推动式供应链以制造商为核心，以市场预测制定生产计划，一般采用提高库存量来满足市场需求）２拉动（拉动式供应链是客户订单拉动生产，企业根据客户订单要求进行生产，使企业生产经营真正建立在消费者实际需求之上）６、供应链设计原则：自顶向下和自底向上相结合、简洁性、集优（互补性）７、虚拟企业：在经济交往中，一些独立企业为了共同利益和目标在一定时间内结成的相互协作的利益共同体８、供应链中企业角色分类：１主体企业与客体企业２核心企业与非核心企业（主体企业是供应链核心企业也是领袖企业唯一性）３潜在企业９、牛鞭效应：供应链各节点企业只根据来自其相邻下级企业的需求信息进行生产或供应决策时，需求信息的不真实性会沿着供应链逆流而上产生逐级放大的现象（达到最源头供应商，其获得的需求信息和实际消费市场中的顾客需求信息发生很大偏差，需求变异系数比分销商和零售商系数大很多。

由于这种需求放大效应的影响，上游供应商要维持比下游供应商更高的库存水平）１０牛鞭效应原因１需求预测修正２产品定价销售策略导致订单规模变动性增强３分摊订货成本４配给与短缺之间的博弈５补货供给期延长１１缓解需求变异放大（牛鞭效应）方法：１提高供应链企业对需求信息的共享性２科学确定定价策略３提高营运管理水平，缩短提前期４提高供应能力透明度（联合库存管理）５建立战略性合作伙伴关系１２曲棍球棒现象方法：１天天低价２采用总量折扣和对部分产品降价相结合方式３对不同经销商采用不同统计和考核周期４与经销商共享需求信息和改进预测方法５公司能够根据每期经销商实际销量提供折价方案１３供应链管理环境下合作伙伴选择原则及优缺点：根据合作伙伴数量决策１单一供应商原则（优点：节省协调管理的时间和精力，有助于与供应商发展伙伴关系；双方在产品开发、质量控制、计划交货、降低成本等方面共同改进；供应商早期参与对供应链价值改进贡献机会较大。

供应链管理第三版 Unit14 习题与答案

Chapter 14Transportation in the Supply ChainTrue/False1. Transportation plays a key role in every supply chain because products areusually produced and consumed in the same location.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy2. Freight transportation costs in the United States amount to about 6 percent of theGDP.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate3. The shipper is the party that requires the movement of the product between twopoints in the supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate4. The carrier is the party that moves or transports the product.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy5. A distributor makes investment decisions regarding the transportationinfrastructure and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the returnfrom these assets.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard6. A carrier uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory,information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Hard7. The vehicle-related cost is incurred whether the vehicle is operating or not and isconsidered fixed for short-term operational decisions by the carrier.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate8. Vehicle-related cost includes any cost associated with terminals, airport gates,and labor that are incurred whether vehicles are in operation or not.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate9. Trip-related cost depends on the length and duration of the trip but isindependent of the quantity shipped.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy10. Trip-related cost includes loading/unloading costs and a portion of the fuel costthat varies with the quantity being transported.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy11. Overhead cost includes the cost of planning and scheduling a transportationnetwork as well as any investment in information technology.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate12. A carrier’s decisions are affected by the prices that the market will bear, but notthe responsiveness it seeks to provide its target segment.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate13. Transportation cost depends on the prices offered by different carriers and theextent to which the shipper uses inexpensive and slow, or expensive and fast,means of transportation.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy14. Rail is the dominant mode of freight transportation in the United States andaccounts for over 75 percent of the nation’s freight bill.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate15. A milk run is a route in which a truck either delivers product from a single supplierto multiple retailers or goes from multiple suppliers to a single retailer.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy16. Milk runs reduce outbound transportation costs by consolidating large shipments.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Easy17. Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of variouscosts as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordinationcomplexity.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Hard18. The mode of transportation that results in the lowest transportation cost will lowertotal costs for a supply chain.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate19. Ignoring inventory costs when making transportation decisions can result inchoices that worsen the performance of a supply chain.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate20. Firms can significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physicallyaggregating inventories in one location, which will also decrease transportationcost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate21. Temporal aggregation decreases a firm’s responsiveness because of shippingdelay but also decreases transportation costs because of economies of scalethat result from larger shipments.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy22. A firm can meet customer needs by using tailored transportation to provide theappropriate transportation choice based on customer and product characteristics, but at a higher cost.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate23. Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networks and modesbased on customer and product characteristics.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Easy24. The most important operational decision related to transportation in a supplychain is the routing and scheduling of deliveries.Answer: TrueDifficulty: Moderate25. The generalized assignment method is less sophisticated than the savings matrixmethod and usually results in better solutions when there are few deliveryconstraints to be satisfied.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate26. The main disadvantage of the generalized assignment method is its simplicityand robustness.Answer: FalseDifficulty: Moderate27. The savings matrix method is simple enough to be easily modified to includedelivery time windows and other constraints, and robust enough to give areasonably good solution that can be implemented in practice.Answer: TrueDifficulty: ModerateMultiple Choice1. The movement of product from one location to another as it makes its way fromthe beginning of a supply chain to the customer’s hands is referred to asa. transportation.b. retailing.c. distribution.d. manufacturing.e. none of the aboveAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate2. Transportation plays a key role in every supply chain becausea. products are normally produced and consumed in the same location.b. products are rarely produced and consumed in the same location.c. the cost of transportation is inconsequential.d. transportation is not a factor in determining profitability.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy3. Freight transportation costs in the United States amount toa. about 60 percent of the GDP.b. about 16 percent of the GDP.c. about 6 percent of the GDP.d. less than 1 percent of the GDP.e. none of the aboveAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard4. The key players in any transportation that takes place within a supply chain area. the shipper and the receiver.b. the shipper and the supplier.c. the shipper and the manufacturer.d. the shipper and the carrier.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate5. The party that requires the movement of the product between two points in thesupply chain isa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: aDifficulty: Moderate6. The party that moves or transports the product isa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate7. Investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure (rails,locomotives, trucks, airplanes, etc.) are the primary concern ofa. the shipper.b. the supplier.c. the manufacturer.d. the carrier.e. the receiver.Answer: dDifficulty: Moderate8. Which of the following uses transportation to minimize the total cost(transportation, inventory, information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer?a. the shipperb. the supplierc. the manufacturerd. the carriere. the receiverAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate9. Which of the following is not a factor that affects carrier decisions?a. vehicle-related costb. fixed operating costc. trip-related costd. quantity-related coste. transportation costAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate10. The cost a carrier incurs for the purchase or lease of the vehicle used totransport goods isa. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy11. The cost associated with terminals, airport gates, and labor that are incurredwhether vehicles are in operation or not isa. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: bDifficulty: Moderate12. The price of labor and fuel incurred for each trip independent of the quantitytransported is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy13. Loading/unloading costs and a portion of the fuel cost that varies with thequantity being transported is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy14. The cost of planning and scheduling a transportation network, as well as anyinvestment in information technology is included ina. vehicle-related cost.b. fixed operating cost.c. trip-related cost.d. quantity-related cost.e. overhead cost.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate15. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be variable for strategicand planning decisions?a. trip-related costb. quantity-related costc. overhead costd. all of the abovee. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate16. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be variable foroperational decisions?a. vehicle-related costb. trip-related costc. quantity-related costd. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate17. Which of the following costs should a carrier consider to be fixed for operationaldecisions?a. vehicle-related costb. trip-related costc. quantity-related costd. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy18. Which of the following is not a cost the shipper needs to consider when makingtransportation decisions?a. transportation costb. inventory costc. facility costd. quantity-related coste. processing costAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate19. The total amount paid to various carriers for transporting products to customersisa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: aDifficulty: Easy20. The cost of holding inventory incurred by the shipper’s supply chain network isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: bDifficulty: Easy21. The cost of various facilities in the shipper’s supply chain network isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: cDifficulty: Easy22. The cost of loading/unloading orders, as well as other processing costsassociated with transportation, is considereda. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: dDifficulty: Easy23. The cost of not being able to meet delivery commitments isa. transportation cost.b. inventory cost.c. facility cost.d. processing cost.e. service level cost.Answer: eDifficulty: Moderate24. Which mode of transportation is the most expensive?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy25. Which mode of transportation is the least expensive?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate26. Which mode of transportation is the dominant form of freight transportation?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: bDifficulty: Easy27. Which mode of transportation is used primarily for petroleum and natural gas?a. airb. truckc. raild. watere. pipelineAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy28. Which of the following is not a design option for a transportation network?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. All of the above are design options.Answer: eDifficulty: Easy29. Which transportation network design option has the elimination of intermediatewarehouses and its simplicity of operation and coordination as its majoradvantage?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: aDifficulty: Easy30. Which transportation network design option establishes an extra layer betweensuppliers and retailers to store inventory and to serve as a transfer location?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate31. Which transportation network design option uses a combination of other optionsto reduce the cost and improve responsiveness of the supply chain?a. direct shipping networkb. direct shipping with milk runsc. all shipments via central DCd. shipping via DC using milk runse. tailored networkAnswer: eDifficulty: Easy32. What trade-offs do managers need to consider when making transportationdecisions?a. transportation cost versus inventory costb. transportation cost versus customer responsivenessc. inventory cost versus customer responsivenessd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate33. The fundamental supply chain decision(s) involving the trade-off betweentransportation and inventory costs is (are)a. choice of transportation mode.b. inventory aggregation.c. level of customer responsiveness.d. all of the abovee. both a and bAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate34. Cheaper modes of transport typically havea. shorter lead times and smaller minimum shipment quantities.b. shorter lead times and larger minimum shipment quantities.c. longer lead times and smaller minimum shipment quantities.d. longer lead times and larger minimum shipment quantities.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Easy35. Temporal aggregationa. is the process of combining orders across time.b. increases a firm’s responsiveness.c. decreases transportation costs because of economies of scale.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate36. Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networks and modesbased ona. customer density.b. customer distance from warehouse.c. customer size and location.d. all of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: dDifficulty: Moderate37. The most important operational decision related to transportation in a supplychain isa. minimizing cost of transportation.b. maximizing profitability of the supply chain.c. reducing the level of cycle inventory.d. the routing and scheduling of deliveries.e. none of the aboveAnswer: dDifficulty: Hard38. Which of the following are computational procedures that can be used to makedecisions regarding the routing and scheduling of deliveries?a. the savings matrix methodb. the generalized assignment methodc. the loss prevention methodd. all of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Moderate39. Which of the following is not a major step in the savings matrix method?a. identify the distance matrixb. identify the savings matrixc. assign seed points for each routed. assign customers to vehicles or routese. sequence customers within routesAnswer: cDifficulty: Moderate40. The generalized assignment methoda. is more sophisticated than the savings matrix method.b. usually results in solutions where there are fewer deliveries to be satisfied.c. usually results in better solutions when there are few delivery constraintsto be satisfied.d. a and b onlye. a and c onlyAnswer: eDifficulty: Hard41. Which of the following is not a step in the generalized assignment method?a. identify the distance matrixb. assign seed points for each routec. evaluate insertion cost for each customerd. assign customers to routese. sequence customers within routesAnswer: aDifficulty: Hard42. The main disadvantage of the generalized assignment method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as moreconstraints are included.c. its lack of simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: bDifficulty: Hard43. The main strength of the savings matrix method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as more constraintsare included.c. its simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard44. The main weakness of the savings matrix method isa. the quality of the solution.b. that it has difficulty generating good delivery schedules as more constraintsare included.c. its simplicity and robustness.d. none of the abovee. a and b onlyAnswer: aDifficulty: Moderate45. Managers should ensure that a firm’s transportation strategya. involves cost minimization.b. involves profit maximization.c. supports its competitive strategy.d. is separate from competitive strategy.e. none of the aboveAnswer: cDifficulty: Hard46. Ignoring uncertainty in demand encourages a greater use ofa. expensive but flexible transportation modes.b. inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes.c. inexpensive and flexible transportation modes.d. expensive and inflexible transportation modes.e. none of the aboveAnswer: bDifficulty: Moderate47. Inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes tend toa. perform poorly.b. perform very poorly when plans change.c. perform well when everything goes as planned.d. all of the abovee. b and c onlyAnswer: cDifficulty: ModerateEssay/Problems1. Discuss the two key players involved in any transportation in the supply chain.Answ er: There are two key players in any transportation that takes place within a supply chain. The shipper is the party that requires the movement of the product between two points in the supply chain. The carrier is the party that moves ortransports the product.When making transportation-related decisions, factors to be considered varydepending on whether one takes the perspective of a carrier or shipper. A carrier makes investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure (rails,locomotives, trucks, airplanes, etc.) and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the return from these assets. A shipper, in contrast, uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory, information, and facility)while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer.Difficulty: Moderate2. What trade-offs do managers need to consider when making transportationdecisions?Answ er: The cost of coordinating operations is generally hard to quantify.Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of variouscosts as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordinationcomplexity. A manager can then make the appropriate transportation decision.Managers must consider the following trade-offs when making transportationdecisions:• Transportation and inventory cost trade-off• Transportation cost and customer responsiveness trade-off The trade-off between transportation and inventory costs is significant whendesigning a supply chain network. Two fundamental supply chain decisionsinvolving this trade-off are:• Choice of transportation mode• Inventory aggregationWhen selecting a mode of transportation, managers must account for inventorycosts. Modes with high transportation costs can be justified if they result insignificantly lower inventories. Firms can significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physically aggregating inventories in one location. Transportation cost, however, increases when inventory is aggregated.The transportation cost a supply chain incurs is closely linked to the degree ofresponsiveness the supply chain aims to provide. If a firm has highresponsiveness and ships all orders within a day of their receipt from thecustomer, it will have small outbound shipments resulting in a high transportation cost. If it decreases its responsiveness and aggregates orders over a longer time horizon before shipping them out, it will be able to exploit economies of scale and incur a lower transportation cost because of larger shipments.Difficulty: Moderate3. Explain why transportation systems should be tailored.Answ er: Tailored transportation is the use of different transportation networksand modes based on customer and product characteristics. A firm can meetcustomer needs at a lower cost by using tailored transportation to provide theappropriate transportation choice based on customer and product characteristics.Firms must consider customer density and distance from warehouse whendesigning transportation networks. Firms must consider customer size andlocation when designing transportation networks. The degree of inventoryaggregation and the modes of transportation used in a supply chain networkshould vary with the demand and value of a product.Tailoring transportation based on customer density and distance, customer size,or product demand and value allows a supply chain to achieve appropriateresponsiveness and cost.Difficulty: Moderate4. Compare the advantages and disadvantages of the savings matrix method andthe generalized assignment method of assigning and sequencing customerorders.Answ er: This method is simple to implement and can be used to assigncustomers to vehicles even when delivery time windows or other constraints exist.The generalized assignment method is more sophisticated and generally gives abetter solution than the savings matrix method when the delivery schedule hasno constraints other than vehicle capacity. The main disadvantage of thegeneralized assignment method is that it has difficulty generating good deliveryschedules as more constraints are included.The main strength of the savings matrix method is its simplicity and robustness.The method is simple enough to be easily modified to include delivery timewindows and other constraints and robust enough to give a reasonably goodsolution that can be implemented in practice. Its main weakness is the quality ofthe solution. It is often possible to find better delivery schedules using moresophisticated methods. The savings matrix method is recommended in casethere are many constraints that need to be satisfied by the delivery schedule.Difficulty: Moderate5. Discuss the relationship between transportation strategy and competitive strategy.Answ er: Transportation strategy needs to be aligned with competitive strategy.Managers should ensure that a firm’s transportation strategy supports itscompetitive strategy. They should design functional incentives that help achievethis goal. Historically, the transportation function within firms has been evaluatedbased on the extent to which it can lower transportation costs. Such a focusleads to decisions that lower transportation costs but hurt the level ofresponsiveness provided to customers and may raise the firm’s total cost.Difficulty: Moderate6. Discuss the importance of designing flexibility into the transportation network.Answ er: Flexibility needs to be designed into the transportation network.Whendesigning transportation networks, managers should take into accountuncertainty in demand, as well as availability of transportation. Ignoringuncertainty encourages a greater use of inexpensive and inflexible transportation modes that perform well when everything goes as planned. Such networks,however, perform very poorly when plans change. When managers account foruncertainty, they are more likely to include flexible, though more expensive,modes of transportation within their network. Although these modes may be moreexpensive for a particular shipment, including them in the transportation options allows a firm to reduce the overall cost of providing a high level of responsiveness.Difficulty: Moderate。

天大14秋《供应链管理》在线作业一答案

《供应链管理》在线作业一
一,单选题
1. 供应链管理的目的在于追求效率和（）费用有效性
A. 业务部门
B. 采购部门
C. 生产部门
D. 整个系统
?
正确答案：D
2. 通过供应商来管理客户的库存一般称之为（）
A. VMI
B. JIT
C. VME
D. MMI
?
正确答案：A
3. 随着经济全球化的发展，企业为了保持市场竞争优势，逐渐从传统的注重个别企业管理转变成重视（）
A. 业务管理
B. 信息管理
C. 财务
D. 供应链管理
?
正确答案：D
4. （）指的是供应链各节点企业均以其能够产生竞争优势的资源来参与供应链的资源集成，在供应链中以其优势业务的完成来参与供应链的整体运作
A. 资源横向集成
B. 系统原理
C. 多赢互惠原理
D. 合作共享原理
?
正确答案：A
5. QR是（）纺织服务业发展起来的一种供应链管理方法，它是该国零售商、服装制造商以及纺织品供应商开发的整体业务概念
A. 日本
B. 美国
C. 荷兰
D. 芬兰。

天大14秋《供应链管理》在线作业二答案

《供应链管理》在线作业二
一,单选题
1. MRP中，如果零部件需从企业外部采购的，则要根据各自的订货（）来确定提前发出各自订货的时间、采购的数量，形成采购计划
A. 金额
B. 次数
C. 数量
D. 提前期
?
正确答案：D
2. 供应链核心企业产品出产循环期（），说明整个供应链的在制品库存量和成品库存量都比较少，总的库存费用都比较低
A. 一周
B. 越长
C. 越短
D. 一个月
?
正确答案：C
3. 在物流管理中，第一目标是（）
A. 生产绩效
B. 企业总价值
C. 顾客满意
D. 提高效率
?
正确答案：C
4. SCOR采用（）模式，包括分析公司目标和流程的现状，对作业绩效量化，把其与目标数据对照分析
A. 流程参考
B. 职能参考
C. 业绩参考
D. 收益参考
?
正确答案：A
5. JIT采购是一种准时化采购模式。

它有最大限度地消除浪费、降低库存、实现（）的优点
A. 零库存
B. 最佳库存
C. 最低库存
D. 合理库存。

现代物流管理专业《供应链管理体系构思14》

供给链管理体系构思一、供给链成员的价值链活动供给商应该和客户紧密协作，利用供给链为客户带来价值增值。

供给链上的供给商、制造商、销售商和物流商在不断改善着自己经营的那段价值链，近年来随着企业资源方案系统的广泛采用和互联网的崛起，客户和供给商间交流数据更加容易，而且费用也更低廉。

从整个供给链管理过程来看，供给链是一个由供给商、制造商、销售商、物流商和最终用户组成的网链结构。

从各成员活动过程看，又是以各成员企业自己为主导的一段价值链。

按其特点，将以销售商为主导的这一段称为需求链，如用户需求、零售、分销、库存、采购等；以制造商为主导的这一段称为供给链，如设计、采购、制造、库存、销售等；以物流商为主导的这一段称为物流链，如装卸、运输、库存、流通加工、配送、交付等。

从整个供给链网链结构的上下游企业观察，整个供给链应是各经营主体到最终用户之间的无缝连接的网链。

这样，供给链成员就应当从供给链的需求开始，考察供给链系统构思设计，最终使整个供给链价值得到增值。

二、各段供给链的衔接供给链各段经营主体之间必然存在着价值衔接点。

如家电供给链就包括生产、包装、分销、入库、零售这些环节。

一个零售商的客户的需求链是将市场的需求转向供给商的过程，一般包括销售商品规划〔决定销售种类〕、库存管理〔决定需要的供给量〕和实际采购〔决定实际生产量〕等主要环节。

供给链和需求链合起来就形成了供需链，其衔接点是订单切入点和价值交付点〔VOP〕。

1、订单切入点订单切入点是指供给链中供给商配给客户订购货物的环节2、价值交付点价值交付点指的是供给商满足客户需求链中需求的衔接点，是供给链和需求链结合的另一个衔接点。

有按采购进行供给的模式、按库存管理供货的模式、按方案进行供货的模式和按照最终用户供给的模式四种主要的价值交付点。

三、供给链衔接点的调节将价值交付点移向需求链末端获益的主要是客户，如果供给商同时也移动订单切入点，也能同时从中获益。

一般情况下，移动订单切入点是以一方利益受损的代价让另一方受益。

大学本科物流管理专业《物流学》标准课件之 14 供应链管理

物流学概论
21
第四节供应链管理方法
4.3 战略联盟 1、外包（0utsourcing）
外包的水平：交易、合作、联盟外包理论：委托—代理； “逆向选择”（信息不对称）和“道德风险” 外包的监管：交易成本包括（(1)选择费用(2)执行费用(3)监督成本）
讨论：联想在电脑配送中的难题及解决方案物流外包失败：有彻底失败和准失败 1. 服务跟踪不彻底（非顾客导向，追求赢利性） 2. 缺乏物流顾问（价格不低） 3. 工作范围不明确（一般性条款与工作内容） 4. 标书的理解能达成一致
第十四章供应链管理
物流学概论
1
内容要点及教学要求
（一）教学目的：通过理解与掌握供应链管理的基本思想，了解供应链中物流管理的职能与工作（二）内容要点：供应链及供应链管理的概念，供应链管理方法。（三）教学要求：掌握供应链及供应链管理的概念、特点和功能；学会分析几种供应链类型的特点；供应链管理的内容及意义。
物流学概论
12
第三节供应链战略管理-推动型供应战略和拉动型供应战略（1）
3.2 推动型供应战略和拉动型供应战略
（一）推动型供应链战略供应链战略经常可划分为推动型系统和拉动型系统。它来源于20世纪80年代的制造业革命。推动型供应链对市场变化作出反应需要更长的时间，由此可能会导致： 1.当某些产品的需求消失时，供应链库存将过时。 2.从分销商到仓库接到的定单的变动性要比顾客需求的变动性大得多，即牛鞭效应。 3.由于需要大量的安全库存而引起过多库存。 4.更大和更容易变动的生产批量。 5.无法让人接受的服务水平。

物流学概论
15
第三节供应链战略管理-供应链联盟战略（2）
3.3 供应链联盟战略

运营管理第6版习题与参考答案_第14章

习题与参考答案_第14章一、名词解释1、供应链答案：围绕核心企业，通过对信息流、物流、资金流的控制，从采购原材料开始，制成中间产品以及最终产品，最后由销售网络把产品送到消费者手中的将供应商、制造商、分销商、零售商、直到最终用户连成一个整体的功能网络结构模式。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：供应链。

2、供应链管理答案：对供应链中的信息流、物流和资金流实行计划、组织与控制。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：供应链管理。

3、物联网答案：在互联网的基础上，利用无线射频识别（Radio Frequency Identification, RFID）、二维码识读、红外感应、激光扫描、全球定位等信息传感技术，把人员、设备、商品、信息等以全新的方式联在一起，实现物体智能化识别、定位、跟踪、监控与管理的一种新型网络。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：物联网。

4、物流答案：为满足顾客需求而发生的从供应起点到需求终点的物质、服务及信息的流转过程。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：物流。

5、物流管理答案：以买主为起点，有计划地将原材料、零部件和制成品在相关企业之间加以转运，最后到达最终用户，并对其间的一切活动实施控制的过程。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：物流管理。

6、VMI答案：一种以最低成本为目的，在一个共同协议下由供应商管理库存，并不断监督协议执行情况和修正协议内容，以持续改进库存管理的合作性策略。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：VMI。

7、JMI答案：一种在VMI基础上发展起来的上、下游企业责、权、利对等，风险共担的库存管理模式。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：JMI。

8、牛鞭效应答案：沿着需求信息的流动方向，在供应链上各个阶段产生的需求变化逐级放大的现象。

答案解析：略。

难易程度：中。

知识点：牛鞭效应。

9、TPL答案：由生产经营企业把核心业务之外的物流活动，以合同方式委托给专业物流服务企业，同时通过先进的信息技术与物流企业保持密切联系，以掌握物流全过程状况的一种物流管理模式。

供应链管理ppt课件

通过协同合作和资源优化，降低采购、生产、运输等环节的成本。
供应链管理目标与原则
• 提高响应速度：缩短交货周期，提高对市场变化的响应速度。
供应链管理目标与原则
以客户为中心
始终关注客户需求，以客户满意度为评价标准。
协同合作
强调供应链各环节之间的协同合作，实现整体最优。
供应链管理目标与原则
信息共享
合作伙伴关系管理
建立有效的合作伙伴关系管理机制，包括合同签订、信息共享、风险共担等方面，确保供应购流程规范化及成本控制方法
采购流程规范化
建立明确的采购流程，包括需求分析、供应商选择、报价比较、合同签订、交货验收等环节，确保采购活动的透明度和效率。
建立信息共享机制，提高供应链透明度和决策效率。
持续创新
不断引入新技术和方法，推动供应链管理的持续改进和创新。
02
供应链战略计划与设计
战略计划制定过程
1 2
确定供应链战略目标和愿景明确公司的长期发展方向和供应链的战略定位。
分析内外部环境包括市场需求、竞争态势、政策法规、技术进步等。
3
制定供应链战略计划
信息沟通与反馈机制
讲解如何建立有效的信息沟通和反馈机制，以便及时发现问题并调整协同策略。
激励机制设计
探讨如何设计合理的激励机制，以激发各参与方的积极性和协同
意愿。
06
供应链风险管理应对策略
风险识别、评估和预警体系建设
风险识别
通过历史数据分析、专家评估等方法，识别供应链中潜在的风险点，如供应商不稳定、库存积压、物流延误等。
探讨区块链技术在物流领域的应用前景，如提高信息透明度、保障数据安全等。
05
供应链协同与信息共享机制建设

《物流管理》第十四章：供应链管理

1) VMI库存控制 2) 联合库存控制
3) 第三方物流管理库存 6．打破批量订购． 7．稳定价格． 8．消除短缺情况下的博弈行为． 9．建立惩罚约束题
在我国，目前供应链仍处于理念先行的阶段。在我国，目前供应链仍处于理念先行的阶段。传统的中国企业是纵向发展的，大而全” 小而全” 从采购、是纵向发展的，即“大而全”、“小而全”，从采购、生产到包装再到出货都是自己做。而供应链管理强调协同性，包装再到出货都是自己做。而供应链管理强调协同性，需要企业从传统封闭的纵向思维中跳出来，向开放的横向思维转变。业从传统封闭的纵向思维中跳出来，向开放的横向思维转变。在协同商务中，供应商、分销商、在协同商务中，供应商、分销商、零售商和服务提供商以互惠互利、互信互补的原则一同去面对市场竞争。鉴于我国的国情，互利、互信互补的原则一同去面对市场竞争。鉴于我国的国情，推动协同商务会有相当大的难度。推动协同商务会有相当大的难度。我国企业的采购和供应环节，人为因素占很大分量，要推行供我国企业的采购和供应环节，人为因素占很大分量，应链管理，会有各种主客观因素加以阻碍。应链管理，会有各种主客观因素加以阻碍。供应链协同合作，标准问题很重要，供应链协同合作，标准问题很重要，统一数据格式和流程是必要条件。标准的形成有三条途径：权威的认可、技术发展走向要条件。标准的形成有三条途径：权威的认可、和市场选择。国外标准的发展依据是市场的选择。在我国，和市场选择。国外标准的发展依据是市场的选择。在我国，由于市场广大、应用水平不均衡以及行业和部门之间的条块分割，于市场广大、应用水平不均衡以及行业和部门之间的条块分割，在标准的制定过程中，权威的作用尤为重要。在标准的制定过程中，权威的作用尤为重要。目前这方面的工作还没有真正全面地启动。作还没有真正全面地启动。

第十四章供应链的运输 (《供应链管理》PPT课件)

• 准市场定价需要考虑个人使用基础设施的动机与公众作为一个整体拥有基础设施的动机两者之间的差异。
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14 – 12
运输基础设施和运输政策
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education,yright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14 – 28
运输设计的权衡
• 运输成本与库存成本的权衡：
– 运输方式的选择。 – 库存集中。
• 运输成本与顾客响应性水平的权衡。
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14 – 29
14 – 9
管道运输
• 建设管道的初始固定成本很高。 • 管道主要用于原油、精炼石油产品和天
然气的运输。
• 适用于需求相对稳定、流量较大的物资。 • 管道运输的价格通常由两部分构成——
与托运人最大运量相关的固定部分和与实际运输量相关的变动部分。
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14 – 10
联运
• 联运是采用一种以上的运输方式将同一批
货物运往目的地。
• 随着集装箱货运和全球贸易的增长，联运
获得了相当大的发展。
• 联运常常是唯一的选择。 • 托运人只需要同其中一个承运人打交道。 • 联运面临的关键问题是：如何利用信息交
换使货物在不同模式之间顺利转移。
Copyright © 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
14 – 8
水路运输
• 水路运输一般走内河运输系统（五大

法约尔14项管理原则

法约尔14项管理原则1. 确定明确的目标和愿景：明确组织的长期目标和愿景，并为实现这些目标制定相应的策略和计划。

2. 建立良好的沟通机制：建立一套高效的沟通机制，保证信息的流动和共享，并确保员工对组织的目标和愿景有清晰的理解。

3. 建立高效的决策机制：确保快速、准确地做出决策，通过明确的决策过程和角色分工，保证组织的决策能够及时落地。

4. 重视员工的发展和培训：为员工提供发展和培训的机会，通过持续的学习和提升，提高员工的绩效和能力。

5. 建立公平的激励和奖励机制：确保激励机制的公平性和合理性，通过激励和奖励激发员工的积极性和工作动力。

6. 建立高效的团队合作机制：培养和建立高效的团队合作文化，通过合理的角色分工和有效的沟通协作，实现协同效应。

7. 提倡创新和变革：鼓励员工提出创新的想法和解决方案，促进组织的持续发展和变革。

8. 建立有效的绩效评估机制：建立科学、客观的绩效评估机制，确保员工的工作成果得到公正的评价，同时为员工提供改进和进步的机会。

9. 建立健康和谐的工作环境：关注员工的身心健康，提供良好的工作环境和条件，提高员工的工作满意度和幸福感。

10. 建立良好的客户关系：重视客户需求，建立良好的客户关系，提供满足客户需求的产品和服务。

11. 加强风险管理和控制：建立健全的风险管理和控制机制，及时识别和应对潜在风险，确保组织的可持续发展。

12. 注重社会责任：承担社会责任，关注环境保护和社会公益，为社会做出积极贡献。

13. 建立有效的供应链管理机制：建立紧密合作的供应链管理机制，确保供应和分销的高效运作，满足客户需求。

14. 持续改进和学习：保持持续改进和学习的文化，不断提高组织的绩效和竞争力。

供应链管理知识点总结

供应链管理知识点总结
嘿，朋友们！今天咱就来好好唠唠供应链管理这个事儿。

你想啊，供应链管理就像是一场刺激的接力赛！采购就是起跑的选手，得赶紧把需要的东西采购回来；生产就像中间那棒，得加把劲把东西生产出来；物流呢，那就是冲刺的那一棒，得快速准确地把货物送到目的地。

咱就说，要是哪一棒掉链子了，那不就麻烦啦！
比如说你开个超市，要是采购的时候没弄好，进的货质量不行或者价格太高，那你还怎么赚钱呀！生产的时候要是效率低，顾客等半天买不到想要的东西，下次人家还会来吗？物流要是不靠谱，货物送晚了或者送丢了，那顾客不得气死呀！
再说说库存管理，那可太重要啦！多了吧，占地方还浪费钱；少了吧，又怕不够卖。

这不就跟咱家里的衣柜一样嘛，衣服太多没地儿放，太少又没得穿。

然后是供应商关系，这就跟交朋友似的，得找靠谱的呀！要是供应商不靠谱，今天断货明天涨价的，你受得了吗？就好像你有个朋友，老是出尔反尔，你还愿意跟他玩吗？
还有信息系统，这可相当于咱的眼睛和耳朵呀！没有它，你就两眼一抹黑，啥都不知道。

没有准确及时的信息，那不就跟没头苍蝇一样乱撞嘛！
供应链管理真的是一门大学问，每个环节都不能马虎。

只有把这些都做好了，才能在这场商业竞争中跑赢！所以啊，大家可得重视起来，可别小瞧了这供应链管理呀！。

企业生产管理复习题

企业生产管理复习题一、名词解释题：1、工序同期化：2、劳动定额：3、期量标准：4、成本控制：5、狭义的生产过程：6、网络计划技术：7、在制品占用量定额8、生产能力：9、工序：10、投入提前期：11、在制品占用量定额：12、广义的生产过程：13、柔性制造系统：14、供应链管理：15、工作设计：16、企业资源计划（ERP）：17、生产周期：18、生产物流管理：19、大规模定制：20、供应链：21、生产间隔期：22、设计能力：23、在制品：24、出产提前期：二、单项选择题：（从每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的代号填在下划线上方）1、运营管理的目的是建立一个高效率的生产制造系统，为企业制造的产品。

A．有效益 B. 质量高 C. 有竞争力 D. 有需求2、运营战略是企业设计的一套运用自己资源的政策和计划，用以支持的长期竞争战略。

A．企业 B. 企业组织 C. 生产系统 D. 制造系统3、生产管理是关于企业生产系统的、运行与改进工作的总称。

A．计划 B. 组织 C. 控制 D. 设计4、产品竞争力是指企业生产的产品或提供的服务适合的能力，该能力可以决定企业在市场上的位置。

A. 外部环境B. 内部条件C. 宏观政策D. 市场需要5、产品开发是一个从产生开始到制造出成品为止的完整过程。

A．概念产品 B. 实物产品 C. 信息产品 D. 精神产品6、市场需求是由人们的消费需求构成的，以人们的消费能力为极限，其总和构成，或称有效的市场需求。

A. 顾客群体B. 消费者群体C. 用户群体D. 市场容量7、企业内部基本生产单位是指直接从事企业的生产单位。

A. 劳务B. 工业性作业C. 辅助产品D. 产品加工8、按产品专业化组成的生产单位其主要缺点之一是对产品变化的比较差。

A.生产能力B. 应变能力C. 竞争能力D. 查定能力9、构成企业生产过程的最基本单位是。

A．班组 B. 工作地 C. 工序 D. 工步10、辅助生产过程是指为保证正常进行所必须的辅助性生产活动,如供电、供气、工具模具制造、设备维修等活动。

14供应链管理

供应链管理习题库及参考答案

ppt_第14章 运营管理马风才

供应链管理知识点

供应链管理要点

供应链管理

供应链管理 第三版 Unit14 习题与答案

天大14秋《供应链管理》在线作业一答案

天大14秋《供应链管理》在线作业二答案

现代物流管理专业《供应链管理体系构思14》

大学本科物流管理专业《物流学》标准课件 之 14 供应链管理

运营管理第6版习题与参考答案_第14章

供应链管理ppt课件

《物流管理》第十四章：供应链管理

第十四章 供应链的运输 (《供应链管理》PPT课件)

法约尔14项管理原则

供应链管理知识点总结

企业生产管理复习题

ppt_第14章运营管理马风才

供应链管理第三版 Unit14 习题与答案

大学本科物流管理专业《物流学》标准课件之 14 供应链管理

第十四章供应链的运输 (《供应链管理》PPT课件)