科技英语阅读文章翻译
科技英语阅读与翻译
科技英语阅读与翻译【牙齿仙女】Primitive peoples believe that hair, nail clippings, and lost teeth remain magically linked to the owner even after they have been disconnected from his body. As any voodoo artist will tell you, if you want to grind someone into powder, you don't need to touch him at all. It's quite enough to stamp on a missing molar and let ;contagious magic; do the rest. This is why peoples all over the world traditionally hide lost body parts, lest they fall into the wrong hands.远古时期的人们认为毛发、剪下的指甲和脱落的牙齿即使离开了人的身体,仍与其主人保持着神秘的联系。
正如任何一个伏都教大师都会告诉你的,假如你想置某人于死地,根本用不着去碰他,只需用脚踩碎那人脱落的一颗臼齿就够了,剩下的事就交给无边的法力去办。
这就是为什么全世界各个民族都习惯于把身体上脱落的东西藏起来,以免落入恶人之手。
American children's ritual of hiding lost teeth under their pillows probably derives distantly from this practice. But there is an obvious difference, for when Suzie conceals her baby milk-tooth, she fully expects it to be found, and by a good magician, not an evil one. Moreover, she expects to be paid for having surrendered it, and at the going rate. Nothing mare clearly suggests the blithe commercial gusto of our culture than this transformation of a fearful superstition into a cheery business transaction。
科技英语阅读翻译
1all elements are composed of scattered units called atoms,which are the smallest particles than show the characteristics of the element. atoms are tiny units of matter composed of positively charged protons, negatively charged elements ,and electrically neutral neutrons. protons and neutrons, which have almost the same mass,are clustered in the nucleus in the middle of the atom. electrons,which are tiny in comparison to the other units, move around the nucleus at high speed. atoms that have the same number of electrons and protons are electrically neutral. those that have got or lost electrons,and therefor are positively or negatively charged, are called ions.所有的元素都称为原子的散射单元,这是比显示的元件的特性的最小的颗粒组成。
原子是微小单位的物质组成的带正电的质子,带负电荷的元件和电中性的中子。
质子和中子,它们具有几乎相同的质量,聚集在细胞核内的原子在中间。
的电子,这在其他单位相比是微小的,围绕原子核高速移动。
具有相同的电子和质子数的原子是电中性的。
科技英语阅读翻译(张敏)
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochs of steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished.Others adapted, faltered, or died. Now, many experts believe, humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporous by—products of civilization, in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues, it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers, boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones。
科技英语阅读与翻译全文
科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译U5
正在消失的计算机到2010年,我们将被计算机包围吗?是的,但我们却觉察不出来。
—比尔•盖茨(微软公司总裁和首席软件设计师)几年后,普通家庭娱乐系统可能与现在并没有太大的区别,但它很可能具有网络连接功能,用来下载和播放数字音乐和视频,在电视上显示艺术作品集和歌曲的名字,甚至收到重要邮件时打断正在播放的内容来提示你。
它将拥有一个中央处理器、磁盘存储器、制图硬件和某种直观的计算机用户界面。
如果再在加上一个无线鼠标和键盘,这个家庭娱乐系统看起来便很像是一台个人电脑。
人们会大量购买和使用这些系统吗?当然会。
他们会认为这种系统就是电脑吗?也许不会。
根据格特纳信息咨询公司(一家美国研究公司)的统计,世界计算机业在2002年销售了第10亿台个人电脑,而还有10亿台电脑预计在此后的6年中生产出来。
第一批的10亿台电脑几乎都是传统的台式机和笔记本电脑,但第二批的10亿台电脑将会明显不同,人们对它们进行了尽可能的完善,使它们能更好的按照人们的期望运作,例如便签大小的电脑,开会时我们可以用它来做笔记,或是躺在床上阅读电子邮件;娱乐型电脑,用来在客厅电视上播放音乐和电影;袖珍型电脑,用它无论在哪都能与他人保持联系。
除此之外,还有各种数量庞大的嵌入式计算机(如在手机、加油站和零售终端设备中使用的计算机),在功能和复杂性方面正迅速赶上台式电脑。
据估计,有意无意美国人每天会接触到大约150个嵌入式计算机系统。
这些系统使用了现在生产的90% %的微处理器,它们将不可避免地呈现出更多个人电脑的特点,而且能够与传统PC机进行无缝对接。
这一系统将无处不在。
根据半导体工业协会的调查,在2001年,世界芯片业为地球上的每位个男士人,女士妇女和儿童生产了大约6千万个晶体管,这一数字到2010年将上升为10亿。
与此同时,今天的多功能PC机将继续在大多数人的生活中发挥重要(而且是越来越重要)的作用,但其中心地位将体现在今天大部分人不认为是“电脑”的各类智能设备中。
科技英语阅读与翻译资料句子翻译
Unit1A因此,可以将计算机定义为一种高速运行的电子设备,该设备以称为程序的指令和称为数据的字符形式接收信息,并对信息进行算术和/或逻辑运算,继而提供运算结果。
For this reason,computers can be defined as very-high-speed electronic device which accept information in the form of instructions called a program and characters called data,perform mathematical and/or logical operations on the information,and then supply results of these operations.计算机解决问题只需用人工所需时间的一小部分时间。
It can find the solution to a problem in a fraction of the time it takes a human being to da the job.对计算机发出指令的程序或部分程序,以及为其提供解决问题所需信息的数据均存储在计算机存储器。
The program,or part of it,which tells the computers what to do and the data,which provide the information needed to solve the problem,are kept inside the computer in place called memory.计算机能够代替人类做单调、常规的工作,但没有独创性;计算机可以根据指令工作,但不能做任何价值判断。
A computer can replace people in dull,routine tasks,but it has no originality;it works according to the instructions given to it and cannot exercise any value judgments.如果操作者不给予指示,也不提供适当信息,计算机就什么也做不了;但由于电脉冲能以光速运行,因此计算机几乎瞬间便能处理大量算术逻辑运算。
科技英语阅读课文翻译
第一单元什么是罗素悖论?约翰·T·鲍德温,奥利弗·莱斯曼撰胡志国译罗素悖论是建立在这样的实例基础之上的:想象有一群理发师,他们(给所有,而且)只给不给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子。
假设这个集体中有一个理发师,他不给自己刮胡子,那么,按照这个集体的定义,他就必须给自己刮胡子。
但这个集体中的任何理发师都不能给自己刮胡子。
(否则,他就是在给自己刮胡子的人刮胡子了。
)伯特兰·罗素1901年发现的这个悖论是对他的一位数学同行的打击。
十九世纪晚期,戈特洛布·弗雷格试图通过符号逻辑为所有的数学建立一个基础。
他在形式表达式(如x=2)和数学特征(如偶数)之间建立了一种对应关系。
在他的推导中,人们可以随意使用任何特征为后来的特征定义。
罗素在他1903年出版的《数学原理》中公布了自己的悖论,证明了弗雷格系统存在根本缺陷。
在今天看来,这类系统最好通过所谓的集的结构式用集合的概念来描述。
例如,对于由数字4、5、6组成的集体,我们可以描述为:x是一个整数的集体,若用字母n表示这些整数,则n大于3小于7。
对这一集合的描述,在形式上我们写作x={n: n为整数,3<n<7}。
集合的对象不一定是数字。
我们可以设y={x:x为美国男性居民}。
很明显,对x的任何描述都可以填入冒号后的区域。
但罗素(恩斯特·策梅洛也独立地)发现,x={a: a不属于a}会导致矛盾的结论,就像对理发师集体的描述一样。
x自身是否属于x?无论是与否,结论都是矛盾的。
罗素发现这一悖论之后,弗雷格马上认识到他的系统被全盘推翻了。
即便如此,他无法解决这个悖论,而为了绕开这个悖论,人们在二十世纪做了许多尝试。
罗素本人对这一悖论的回答是他的“类型论”。
他分析道,之所以会产生悖论,是因为我们混淆了对数的集合的描述与对数的集合的集合的描述。
于是罗素引入了对象的分级系统:数,数的集合,数的集合的集合,等等。
这个系统曾被作为手段用于对数学基础的第一次形式化,并且在今天的某些哲学研究和计算机分支学科中仍有运用。
科技英语基础阅读第二版龚玲莉翻译
1.1苹果有一款新的热销产品,在欧美大部分地区已经卖到断货。
1.2如果你网上预定,六周后才能送达。
1.3一条网上评论写道,这是多年来最好的一款苹果产品。
1.4实用并且精巧的设计,使它拥有苹果产品史上最高的消费者满意度,根据creative strategies 和Experian两家公司的调查研究。
2.1如此的热情令苹果的老板们喜忧参半。
2.2我们今天讨论的这款产品是无线耳机airpods,看起来像苹果的传统耳机,只是没了数据线。
2.3定价在159美元,airpods可能是价值数十亿美元的一款商品。
像苹果手表,苹果于2015年开始销售的一种可穿戴设备。
2.4但是耳机并不是人们期待已久的具有改革能力的,极其具有利润的创新产品。
3.1在苹果最大的拳头产品推出后,这种等待并没有持续太久。
3.2在2007年6月29日,iPhone第一次开售。
3.3自此,苹果已经卖出了大约12亿部手机,并且取得了超过7400亿美元的销售额,从最畅销的科技设备可以看出。
3.4 2016年,苹果2160亿美元的销售额,其中三分之二来自于iPhone。
4.1登顶之后就是下山了。
4.2关于苹果的将来如何,苹果是否能设计出另一款与之相媲美的产品,这些问题一直困扰这苹果公司。
4.3持续增长的手机拥有率正在放缓,全球大约五分之二的人现在拥有一部手机。
4.4苹果也面临着更多的竞争,尤其是在中国(仅次于北美的第二大重要市场),其销量一直下滑,令人愈发担忧苹果正面临“苹果见顶”。
5.1即使苹果每年已经花费100亿美元用于研发,“人们并不指望能有所创新”,amit表示。
5.2这就解释了为什么公司的市盈率是2018预期收入(剔除现金)的十倍左右,低于信息技术产业的12到14倍。
6.1当然,苹果从拳头产品向多元化发展的尝试有瑕疵。
6.2败绩之一是电视行业,全球价值大约2600亿美元的市场。
6.3苹果的电视产品是一个有线机顶盒,仅能够提供其他公司,例如Netflix的节目,并不是苹果高管们所承诺的具有颠覆性的产品。
(完整版)《科技英语阅读教程》陈勇版课文翻译
核电与核辐射1986年4月26日,切尔诺贝利核电站的一个反应堆发生爆炸,将相当于400颗广岛原子弹的放射性尘降物散布到整个北半球。
在此之前,科学家对辐射对植物和野生动物的影响几乎一无所知。
这场灾难创造了一个活生生的实验室,尤其是在这个被称为禁区的1100平方英里的区域。
1994年,德州理工大学生物学教授罗纳德·切瑟和罗伯特·贝克是首批获准完全进入该区域的美国科学家之一。
“我们抓了一群田鼠,它们看起来和野草一样健康。
我们对此非常着迷。
”贝克回忆说。
当Baker和Chesser对田鼠的DNA进行测序时,他们没有发现异常的突变率。
他们还注意到狼、猞猁和其他曾经稀有的物种在这片区域游荡,仿佛这里是原子野生动物保护区。
2003年由一组联合国机构建立的切尔诺贝利论坛发表了声明一份关于灾难20周年的报告证实了这一观点,称“环境条件对该地区的生物群落产生了积极影响”,将其转变为“一个独特的生物多样性保护区”。
五年前,贝克和切塞尔在这片区域搜寻田鼠。
Mousseau到切尔诺贝利去数鸟,发现了与之相矛盾的证据。
穆萨乌是南卡罗莱纳大学的生物学教授,他的合作者安德斯·佩普·穆勒现在是巴黎南方大学生态、系统学和进化实验室的研究主任。
他们发现该地区家燕的数量要少得多,而那些存活下来的家燕则遭受着寿命缩短、(雄性)生育能力下降、大脑变小、肿瘤、部分白化病(一种基因突变)以及白内障发病率更高的痛苦。
在过去13年发表的60多篇论文中,Mousseau和Moller指出,暴露在低水平辐射下对该区域的整个生物圈产生了负面影响,从微生物到哺乳动物,从昆虫到鸟类。
包括贝克在内的批评人士对穆萨和穆勒持批评态度。
贝克在2006年与切塞尔合著的《美国科学家》(American Scientist)文章中指出,该区域“实际上已成为一个保护区”,穆萨和穆勒的“令人难以置信的结论只得到了间接证据的支持”。
我们所知道的关于电离辐射对健康影响的几乎所有信息都来自于一项正在进行的对原子弹幸存者的研究,该研究被称为寿命研究,简称LSS。
高等学校英语拓展系列教程-科技英语阅读课文翻译
Text AUnit2 The Future of Alternative Energy替代能源的前景Residential energy use in the United States will increase 25 percent by the year 2025, according to U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) forecasts. A small but increasing share of that extra power will trickle in from renewable sources like wind, sunlight, water and heat in the ground.美国能源部(DOE)预测,美国居民所使用的能源将在2025 年前增加25%。
增加的电能中将有一小部分来源于再生能源(如风、阳光、水、地热),而且这部分还会不断增大。
Last year alternative e nergy sources provided 6 percent of the nation’s energy supply, according to the DOE.美国能源部称,去年全国能源供应总量中有6%来自于替代能源。
“The future belongs to renewable energy,” said Brad Collins, the executive director of the American Solar Energy Society, a Boulder, Colorado-based nonprofit organization. “Scientist and industry experts may disagree over how long the world’s supply of oil and natural gas will last, but it will end,” Collin said.“未来属于再生能源,”美国太阳能协会执行主席布拉德·柯林斯说。
张敏版 科技英语阅读教程 英译汉 中文翻译
Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochsof steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished. Others adapted, faltered, or died. Now, many experts believe, humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporousby-products of civilization, in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues, it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers, boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones.(1)生命在这个星球上已经发展了近四十亿年。
科技英语阅读课文翻译
脸谱网有一个重要的隐私人员,但是我怀疑他将从现在存在10年。
那不是因为脸谱不顾一切去掉隐私保护,但由于脸谱和其他社交网站的普及促进了共享个人的一切事物,消除了从公共分离出私事的结点。
由于共享的个人信息的范围扩展到,几个朋友一起归入脸谱的许多杂项的个人的“朋友”标签中,披露的事情成为很常态和私人的事情变得古怪和不合时宜。
脸谱的年轻成员,是那些高中生或者大学生,以及脸谱开始出现在校园里的时候那些舒适共享任何东西分应届毕业生。
它的老成员是仅仅在2006年打开网络工作场所后加入的。
任何人都调整到一个新的善于自我表达超过沉默的价值体系。
脸谱表示它有1.75亿会员,是世界上最大的社会网络。
但在美国,大多数成员都还比较年轻。
脸谱提供广告给 5440万成员的目标,且不分年龄人人共享。
但是,如果广告客户想缩小它的目标观众到那些25岁或更老的,数量就会下降到2880万。
它缩小到30或以上岁数的人,脸谱只有仅仅提供2030万。
许多超过30 岁的人尚未注册,因此脸谱有一个惊人的增长机会。
每个星期,新成员是在美国以百万和全球范围内以5百万增加的。
30岁以上的群体是其增长最快的人口。
成员也都变得更合群。
根据该公司的发言人,在12月,每名成员的“朋友”,在全球范围内,平均人数为100。
如今,它已跃升至120。
在成员之间,一部和蔼包容性的法律似乎是在揭示:随着时间的推移,许多最简单的途径是,定期接受“好友请求”决定。
当一个成员的旨在作为另一个脸谱网的朋友,是完成一个结果的开始。
换句话说,他们简单地定义“朋友”为:去成为传达希望的脸谱会员。
会员和个人网络的增长,似乎不受公司在其短暂的五年历史的失态的影响。
其中的一个实例是在二月,当它与它的服务条款拨弄时。
新的语言似乎断言脸谱“不可撤销”的权利是去保留和使用一个成员的个人信息。
即使成员已经关闭了他或她的脸谱帐户,也应该多一点编辑。
这个强烈抗议是大声的,仅仅一些成员需要增加他们的声音去创建一个喧嚣声,然后脸谱恢复旧的语言。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译U7
By far the most common genetically modified (GM) organisms are crop plants. But the technology has now been applied to almost all forms of life, from pets that glow under UV light to bacteria which form HIV- blocking "living condoms" and from pigs bearing spinach genes to goats that produce spider silk.到目前为止最常见的转基因生物体是农作物。
然而,这项技术现在已经应用于几乎所有形态的生命,从宠物在紫外线照射下发光到构成HIV-blocking 的“活的安全套”的细菌,从继承菠菜基因的猪到生产蜘蛛丝的山羊。
GM tomatoes, as puree, first appeared on British supermarket shelves in 1996 (a different fresh GM tomato first appeared in the US in 1994), but the consumer furore that surrounded GM technology did not erupt until February 1999.This was because a controversial study suggested that a few strains of GM potatoes might be toxic to laboratory rats.Those experiments, subsequently criticised by other experts, were carried out in Scotland by biochemist Arpad Pustzai.转基因西红柿酱, 在1996年第一次出现在英国的超市货架上(1994年不同的新鲜番茄在美国首次出现),但直到1999年2月消费者对基因技术的愤怒才爆发。
科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)
Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现:地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明,地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。
The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出,由于不可持续的使用,地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统(包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候)正遭受破坏。
Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。
科技英语阅读句子翻译
U11.He reported years later;this new-found faculty increased the duo’s odds of winning by 44 percent.很多年后他透露说/承认,这个新发现的技术增加了两个人44%的胜算。
2.Engineers widely regard this invention as the first wearable computer-an early glimpse at today’s fitness trackers smart watches, and augmented-reality eyewear, and their possible descendants.工程技术人员大都把这个发明视作第一代可穿戴的电脑设备——今天的健康记录仪,智能手表,AR眼镜以及他们的诸多衍生品皆出自于此。
3.Yet the impact on its wearers was profound-foretelling, perhaps, a future when we depend on our electronic devices to experience life as much as we rely on our eyes,ears, and skin.然而,它对佩戴者的影响是深远的——它或许预示了这样一个未来:我们不仅依赖眼睛、耳朵和皮肤去感知世界,还会倚重电子设备去感知生活。
4.There are all these other, really rich dimensions of touch that touch screensignore-such as pressure, contact area, the shape of your hand, and whether you use a pad, knuckle, or nail.触摸屏忽略了很多其他形式的触感——比如压力、接触面积、手的形状,以及你是使用指肚、指节或指甲来触屏。
科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译U4
芝加哥的屋顶绿化由于当城市中宝贵的房屋建筑用地已所剩无几,城市规划者开始将目光转向空中。
寻找绿色空间也不例外。
欧洲的绿色屋顶长期以来为人们提供了环境、审美和经济方面的利益。
这种想法是否也会植根在美国植根呢?在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市,当市长理查德•戴利看到了欧洲花园般的屋顶之后,便开始了绿色屋顶的创意。
在最近的一次电话采访时他说:“我认为,如果把芝加哥所有平坦的屋顶都利用起来,可以开辟数千英亩的土地用于美化环境,还有利于建筑物供暖、降温,以及进入排污系统的雨水控制。
”他继续说:“当你透过窗户眺望看这个城市时,你看到的不是钢筋混凝土,而是为对环境的美化。
所以我想,这就是我们应该做的到事情。
”绿色屋顶通常是由无需经常维护的抗旱植物组成(如景天属暑天景植物)。
这些屋顶的厚度均小于4英寸(10厘米),可直接在上面种植或制作成已有植物预先栽种在上面的种植垫。
即使斜屋顶也可以进行绿色屋顶处理。
利用率较高的绿色屋顶系统可以包括多种植物和园林要素,如树木,但只有在平坦的屋顶上才行。
这种绿色屋顶需要更深的种植材料或土壤替代物,它们更重,更昂贵,并且需要更多的维护。
绿化屋顶的最大好处之一是水资源管理。
它们能吸收落在屋顶上的大约50%%-60%%的雨水,这些雨水一部分通过植物蒸发(或“呼气”)回到大气中而消耗掉了,另一部分水保留在土壤中或其他培养媒介中,。
其余的则缓慢地、在人们的控制下缓慢地流入城市雨水排水系统,这个过程有助于抑制城市供水系统中大量雨水激增的现象,而要扩充该系统的费用是很昂贵的。
位于东兰辛伊斯兰莘市的密歇根州立大学植物和土壤学家布拉德•罗说:“在许多城市,甚至一场雷雨就可能造成(雨水的排水系统)溢流,并与污水混在一起。
谁知道它们会流到哪儿去呢?”绿色屋顶的支持者还列举出其他好处,如节省能源。
一个绿色屋顶可以降低多少能源成本,这取决于屋顶类型和使用该屋顶当地的气候。
比较温暖的气候是节省能源的最佳条件,因为与降低取暖费相比,使用绿色屋顶能够更有效地减少空调费用。
科技英语阅读李健课文翻译
科技英语阅读李健课文翻译Thanksgiving Day 美国感恩节The American Thanksgiving is a holiday set aside each year in the United States to honor the blessings of the year and to offer thanks. It is one of the oldest holidays in America, having been celebrated since the time of the earliest settlers.每年美国都要为庆祝全年之恩与感激而定下例假,这就是美国人所庆祝的感恩节。
它是美国最古老的节日之一,早在最早的移民时期就开始庆祝了。
This holiday began when people first arrived at Plymouth colony in what we now call Massachusetts. They had sailed all the way to America onboard the Mayflower, a small and uncomfortable sailing ship. During their first winter, they were welcomed and helped by the Indians of the area. To celebrate their first successful harvest, they held a great feast.这个节日始于当时最早到达位于今麻省的普利茅斯殖民地的人们。
他们乘坐着一艘名叫“五月花号”的小而不舒服的帆船穿过了大海,抵达美洲。
第一个冬天里,当地的印第安人对他们表示欢迎和援助。
为庆祝第一次成功的丰收,他们举行了盛大的宴会。
At the time, many of the English settlers were earning aliving by farming and hunting, so the most common foods at the meal were fish, wild game, and local vegetables. The food was cooked over an open fire.当时,许多英国开始通过种植和捕猎来谋生,所以宴会上最常见的食物是鱼类、野味、当地的蔬菜,用火来烹饪。
科技英语阅读翻译
ⅢT r a n s l a t e t h e f o l l o w i n g s e n t e n c e s i n t o C h i n e s e(20%)(1)He is best known for coining the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales.(2) To explain these puzzling findings, some scientists have revived an old idea of Einstein’s that had been discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe.(3) New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.(4) The tenor of our time appears to regard history as having ended, with pronouncements from many techno-pundits claiming that the Internet is revolutionary and changes everything.(5) As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20%)(1)The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.(2)Now the cosmological constant is one of the leading theories of why the universe is blowing up like a balloon at ever-increasing speed.(3)That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.(4)Although it’s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.(5)As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.Ⅲ Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)(1)But Russell ( and independently, Ernst Zermelo ) noticed that x = {a: a is not in a} leads to a contradiction in the same way as the description of the collection of barbers.(2)An analogy is the siren of an ambulance that changes pitch as it moves toward you, then passes you and heads the other way — its waves are first compressed, then stretched.(3)It’s the older members —those who could join only after it opened membership in 2006 to workplace networks, then to anyone —who are adjusting to a new value system that prizes self-expression over reticence.(4)Although it’s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.(5)No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won’t get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.Ⅲ Translate th e following sentences into Chinese (20%)(1)For example, we can describe the collection of numbers 4, 5 and 6 by saying that x is the collection of integers, represented by n, which are greater than 3 and less than 7.(2)Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.(3)Among members, a Law of Amiable Inclusiveness seems to be revealing itself: over time, many are deciding that the easiest path is t o routinely accept “friend requests”, completing a sequence begun when one member seeks to designate another as a Facebook friend.(4)The area between the QB’s head and base consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.(5)After waiting another 45 minutes and finding that the panel still hadn’t failed, the team gave up and stopped the experiment, secure in the knowledge that the material had performed beyond the requirements of building regulations.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacyprotections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3. No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendlystraw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.4. The premise on which the technology is based is that geneticinformation, encoded by DNA and arranged in the form of genes, isa resource that can be manipulated in various ways to achieve certaingoals in both pure and applied science and medicine.5. Many people are working towards trying to make cities more sustainable.A sustainable city offers a good quality of life to current residents but doesn’t reduce the opportunities for future residents to enjoy. Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.3. When the distinction blurs between one’s few close friends and the many who are not, it seems pointless to distinguish between private and public.4. No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock overa candle.5. Engineers in the future will work at the extremes of very large and very small systems that require greater knowledge and coordination of multidisciplinary and multi-scale engineering across greater distances and timeframesPart III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20%)1. To explain the puzzling findings, some scientists have received anold idea of Einstein’s that had been discarded as false: that thevacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe.2. Telecommuting workers and traveling executives alike could use QB( so na med because it is the next in line after the company’s prototype QA bot ) as a virtual extension of themselves, allowing them to attend meetings, tour facilities or perform walk-throughs of real estate properties, all while controlling the robot from a computer keyboard.3. Research had developed to the point where progress was being hampered by technical constraints, as the elegant experiments that had helped to decipher the genetic code could not be extended to investigate the gene in more detail.4. The ideas that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all other times, has been a central tenet of science, ever since Laplace’s time.5. Nuclear power’s prominence as a major energy source will continue over the next several decades, according to new projections made by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), which has just published a new report, Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power for the period up to 2030.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20%)1. For a smallish two-bed roomed house with one large open-plankitchen/dinner, that doesn’t particularly cheap given that straw is supposed to be inexpensive, and you’d still have to buy the plot and dig the foundations.2. Combined with advances in CAD systems, it will be possible formechanical engineers to collaborate in immersive interactiveenvironments where they can design collaboratively, test hypotheses, run models and simulations and observe their creations in three dimensions much as an engineer can observe a car being built with their colleagues on the shop floor.3. Although it is unclear if the capacity for remote operation willjustify the QB’s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes itstechnology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places,4. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacyprotections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public. 5. Because gravity draws mass together, most experts expected to find that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of ballooning, or perhaps that the rate was staying about the same.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20%)1. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawinggalaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2. The growth of membership and of individual networks seems imperviousto gaffes at the company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable”right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.3. Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a topspeed of five kilometers per hour make the robot mobile. Thetwo-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it more maneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep its weight down to about16 kilograms. The area between the QB's head and base consists of alength of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4. Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand forhousing. People are living longer, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families. Added to this, the UK is experiencing immigration from other countries, . from Poland which has recently joined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smaller households, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese(20%)1. Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawinggalaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2. The growth of membership and of individual networks seems imperviousto gaffes at the company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language t hat seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable”right to retain and use a member’s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.3. Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a topspeed of five kilometers per hour make the robot mobile. Thetwo-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it moremaneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep its weight down to about16 kilograms. The area between the QB's head and base consists of alength of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4. Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand forhousing. People are living longer, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families.Added to this, the UK is experiencing immigration from other countries, .from Poland which has recently joined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smaller households, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1. The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing adescription of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.2. That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacyprotections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3. The two-wheel—as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it moremaneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep its weight down to about 16 kilograms.4. The straw bales, it turns out, are all packed tightly inside a seriesof prefabricated rectangular wooden wall frames, which are thenlime-rendered, dried and finally slotted together like giant Lego pieces, called ModCell panels.5. Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosingto live on the edge of urban areas - with many relocating to the countryside. This is called counter-urbanisation.。
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科技英语阅读1-10单元译文:Unit1罗素悖论的提出是基于这样的一个事例:设想有这样一群理发师,他们只给不给自己理发的人理发。
假设其中一个理发师符合上述的条件,不给自己理发;然而按照要求,他必须要给自己理发。
但是在这个集合中没有人会给自己理发。
(如果这样的话,这个理发师必定是给别人理发还要给自己理发)1901年,伯特兰·罗素悖论的发现打击了他其中的一个数学家同事。
在19世纪后期,弗雷格尝试发展一个基本原理以便数学上能使用符号逻辑。
他确立了形式表达式(如:x=2)和数学特性(如偶数)之间的联系。
按照弗雷格理论的发展,我们能自由的用一个特性去定义更多更深远的特性。
1903年,发表在《数学原理》上的罗素悖论从根本上揭示了弗雷格这种集合系统的局限性。
就现在而言,这种类型的集合系统能很好的用俗称集的结构式来描述。
例如,我们可以用x代表整数,通过n来表示并且n大于3小于7,来表示4,5,6这样一个集合。
这种集合的书写形势就是:x={n:n是整数,3<n<7}。
集合中的对象并不一定是数字。
我们也可让y={x:x是美国的一个男性居民}。
表面上看,似乎任何一个关于x的描述都有一个符合要求的空间。
但是,罗素(和策梅洛一起)发现x={a:a不再a中}导致一个矛盾,就像对一群理发师的描述一样。
x它本身是在x的集合中吗?否定的答案导致了矛盾的出现。
当罗素发现了悖论,弗雷格立即就发现悖论对他的理论有致命的打击。
尽管这样,他还不能解决这个问题,并且上世纪有很多的尝试,去解决这个问题(但没有成功)。
罗素自己对这个悖论的回答促进了类型理论的形成。
他解释说,悖论的问题在于我们混淆了数集和数集的集合。
所以,罗素介绍了对象的分级系统:数、数集、数集的集合等等。
这个系统为形式化数学的形成奠定了基础,至今它还应用于哲学研究和计算机科学分支。
策梅洛对于罗素悖论的解决方法用新的公理:对于任意公式A(x)和任意集合b,都会有一个集合满足y={x:x既在b中又满足A(x)}取代了以前的公理:对于任意公式A(x),都会有一个集合满足y={x:x满足A (x)}。
究竟是什么样的努力使数学逻辑基础得以发展?现在数学家认识到这个领域可以用所谓的策梅洛-弗兰克尔集合论来定义。
形式化的语言包含符号,例如e表示“其中一个数”,=表示等于,□代表集合中没有任何元素。
那么可以写下一个公式B(x):如果如果y e x,而y是空集。
在集的结构式中我们可以这样书写:y={x:x=□},或者更简单y={□}。
罗素悖论就成这样:y={x:x不在x中},那么y是否在y中?Unit2暗能量是用来命名一种未能给出解释的,与万有引力的作用相反,以一种极快的速度将各个星系拉开的力量。
暗能量与反重力有些相似。
万有引力在局部的水平上把事物聚集到一起,然而,暗能量以一种更宏大的规模把事物拉开。
它的存在并未被证明,但是暗能量是很多科学家在解释宇宙正在不断加速膨胀时的这一令人费解的观察时的最佳猜想。
专家始终还是不知道是什么在驱动这种力量,但是对于想更多的了解暗能量的这种需求始终是宇宙学家的首要任务。
令人惊讶的预言暗能量如何被发现的故事是科学领域由令人惊讶的预言而演变而来的一个经典案例。
在20世纪90年代中叶,天文学家开始测算宇宙膨胀的速度。
因为万有引力使质量集中,大多数的专家希望发现万有引力能够减慢宇宙气球般膨胀的速度,或者停留在大约相同的速率上。
“这个数据并没有显示出我们所期待的结果。
很多人发出了紧张的笑声”,堪培拉的澳洲国立大学的Brian Schmidt说——他独自领导了一个小组在约翰·霍普金斯大学的天体物理学家Adam Riess的帮助下于1998年发现了暗能量。
这些证据是建立在对明亮的正在爆炸的恒星——被称作超新星——常被天文学家用于追踪距离的标杆——的测量的基础上的。
通过往更深层次的观察,科学家能够回顾从前,因为这些发自超新星的光要数十亿年才能被肉眼看到。
科学家观察了处于不同距离的很多超新星去确定它们到底正在以多快的速度远离我们。
他们测量出观察对象的红移,或者说是由于多普勒效应导致它们发出的光发生的改变,多普勒效应是当物体靠近我们或者远离我们运动时发生波的压缩或膨胀所产生的一种效应。
一种类比是救护车的汽笛声会改变音高——当它朝你行驶,然后通过你身边接着朝另一个方向去了的时候——他的声波首先是压缩的,接着伸长.这些测量给了天文学家一个关于宇宙在不同历史点的膨胀速度的图景。
研究人员还发现宇宙如今正在以前所未有的速度在膨胀。
“一开始我们不情愿相信我们的结果,”加州大学伯克利分校的劳伦斯伯克利实验室的天体物理学家Saul Perlmutter说,他领导的一个竞争性的小组发现了和Schmidt以及Riess相同的结果。
“但是我们越分析它,它越不会改变多少。
”为了解释这些令人迷惑的发现,一些科学家接受了被爱因斯坦所摒弃为错误的旧思想:真空中存在着一种(活动不活跃的)(与万有引力相排斥的)但能加速宇宙膨胀的能量。
爱因斯坦把这个思想叫做宇宙常数,并且把它认作自己的最大的错误。
如今,宇宙常数已经是用于解释为何宇宙在以前所未有的速度像一个气球一般膨胀的主要理论之一。
暗物质暗能量有时候会与同样神秘的暗物质相混淆,尽管它们两是不同的事物。
暗物质是一种假想的物质,它对光不起反应(不反射光),因此它不可见。
天文学家通过它能干扰星体发出的引力推论出它的存在。
把两者加在一起,暗物质和暗能量似乎占据了宇宙的绝大部分质量(由于爱因斯坦的著名的质能公式E=m*c*c,物质和能量被视作同一事物的两种形式)。
暗能量被认为构成宇宙的百分之74,而暗物质占据了另外的百分之22,而普通的,可见的物质只占次要的百分之4。
似乎暗能量的发现并不是足够异常,它已经引出一大堆其他的问题。
例如,暗能量为多重宇宙论的支持者火上浇了一把油,我们自身的存在只是无数的常量和条件是不同的世界。
也许存在别的宇宙,在它之中暗能量并不存在,而且它的膨胀是在减速——宇宙学家如是说。
也许这就是我们的宇宙如此独特的原因。
Unit3脸谱有一个重要的私人管理者,但我怀疑它能否在此后的十年继续存在。
这并不是因脸谱不顾一切抛开对个人隐私的保护,而是因为脸谱和其它社交网址的流行提倡分享个人的所有情况,溶解把个人从公众分离的界限。
随着分享个人信息的范围从几个朋友扩大到各种各样在脸谱里被标注为朋友的人,泄露成为规范而隐私变得不合时宜了.脸谱年轻的成员——高中或大学生以及那些来自脸谱开始在大学里兴起的近期毕业生——愿意分享任何事。
它年长的成员——那些只有在2006年脸谱先把它的成员籍公开给工作场所网络,然后是当时任何人都可能加入——正在适应鼓励个人表现超过沉默的新价值体系。
.脸谱是世界最大社交网络,有1.75亿个成员。
但在美国它大多数会员仍然是相对年轻的人。
脸谱为广告客户提供一个有伍仟四百四十万来自各个年龄阶段的狩猎目标。
但是如果广告客户想把它的目标缩小到25或更年长的,那么数目会下降到俩仟八百八十万。
缩小到30或更年长的,脸谱就只能向俩仟零三十万会员提供。
许多超过30岁胡须半白的人已经注册,因此脸谱有一个惊人的发展机会。
每个周,在美国有一个百万新的成员加入,在全球范围有500万的新成员加入;它增长最快的群体是三十岁和更年长的人。
成员们也在变得更擅于社交。
在十二月,在全世界范围内,每个成员的“朋友”平均数是100。
据一个公司发言人所说它现在已跳转到120。
成员中平易近人的包容象在揭示它本身:随着时间的推移,许多正在认为:当成员寻找其它人作为自己的一个脸谱朋友时完成一序列的事中首先应按常规接受“朋友要请”,这是最简单的路径。
换句话说,他们把脸谱网中任何一个有意向的人简单地定义为“朋友”。
在公司短暂的五年发展历史中,会籍和个人的网络的发展似乎不受失礼的影响。
其中一个例子是在二月它摆弄它的服务条款。
那个似乎断言脸谱的“不可撤销的”权去保留和使用成员的个人信息即使后来成员已经关闭了他或她的脸谱帐户的新语言值得更多的编辑。
抗议声很大——只有一小部分成员的需要提高他们的语音来制造吵闹—-,脸谱恢复旧语。
几天后,它为公司提供一个关于的原则的草案和另一个批准会籍有关权利和义务的草案。
脸谱为成员提供许多私人的选择。
我认为43个设置可能被调整,其中不包括那些可被脸谱朋友安装的应用软件看见的限制信息。
在一定程度上脸谱的默认设置新帐户可以保护用户。
例如,个人协议规范信息被限制于朋友和其它在他学校,工作地,或者地域网络的人。
朋友的朋友是无权访问的。
但脸谱对于第三方软件可以在一个网络的朋友群中看见的默认设置较少的限制。
成员不可能察觉那除非他们改变默认隐私设置,该默认隐私设置是一个由朋友安装的可以清空和存储许多类成员私人信息的应用。
大卫。
埃文斯,一个弗吉尼亚大学计算机科学副教授,说他愿首先脸谱给那些外面软件开发者可得到的情报设定更好的限制。
对15的19信息类别,脸谱设置一个“分享”的默认设置,这个意为这些信息可以被退出脸谱并被服务器储存在它的控制下。
这些15个类别包括活动,利益,照片与关系地位。
他说:“脸谱可以设置默认错误值保护隐私而不是让你的信息外漏”。
克里斯,脸谱的首席隐私官,捍卫它的当前设置,说它“给用户广泛控制就他们选择接合的应用”。
他也说脸谱已经消除了被“数以千计”成员认为靠不住的应用。
然而,教授埃文斯看来,恶意软件的驱逐来得太晚了:“一旦应用得到了资料,它获得并储存在别人的机器上。
默认十分重要,因为几乎没有用户陷入调整的设置的麻烦中。
被问到有多少成员曾经改变一个隐私定。
KELLY先生说百分之20。
脸谱让成员创建朋友的自定义的子集。
成员可以选择性限制访问一些项目,例如照片像片簿和视频。
然而通过多次点击为这个或那个定制权限,不符合一个人的快乐时光的理念。
对很多成员来说,现在“朋友”意味不伦不类的真正朋友的,先前的朋友,朋友的朋友,非朋友;越来越年轻亲戚;同事,即使被一个或贰个爱管闲事的老板咒骂。
所有人都被接受由于每个“朋友”获得同一访问权。
当一个人为数不多的密友和许多非密友之间的区别变得模糊不清时,区分私人和公共似乎无意义。
Unit4远程控制的代理机器人可以为您参加今后的会议它可能看起来像装在一个真空吸尘器落地灯,但实际上它是Anybots公司最新的代理机器人的QB。
QB的设计是被用于当你不在场时可以作为你的眼睛、耳朵并能够替你发声,更棒的是,它的移动是依靠两轮辊像罗丝(从《杰森一家》),并通过网络和远程无线网为其导航.远程办公人员和旅游高管都可以用QB(所以命名是因为它是公司的原型QA bot下一代产品)作为自己的一个虚拟扩展,允许他们参加会议、查看旅游设施或呈现房地产市场走势,所有这些都是依靠电脑键盘来操控机器人完成Anybots公司在周二正式首次展示遥控机器人并计划在年底开始销售QB机器人。