计算机专业英语课后单词翻译
计算机专业英语教程翻译完整版
1.1A Closer Look at the Processor and PrimaryStorage仔细看看处理器和主存储器We have learned that all computers have similar capabilities and perform essentially the same functions, although some might be faster than others. We have also learned that a computer system has input, output, storage, and processing components; that the processor is the “intelligence” of a computer system; and that a single computer system may have several processors. We have discussed how data are represented inside a computer system in electronic states called bits. We are now ready to expose the inner workings of the nucleus of the computer system — the processor.我们已经知道，所有的计算机都具有相似的能力，并且在本质上执行相同的功能，尽管一些可能会比另一些快一点。
我们也知道，一个计算机系统具有输入，输出，存储和处理部件；处理器是一个计算机系统智能核心，并且一个计算机系统可以有许多个处理器。
我们已经讨论过如何在计算机系统内部，用被称作“位”的电子状态来表现数据，现在我们要弄明白计算机系统的核心，即处理器，的内在的工作方式。
计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 7
Unit 7 The Fundamentals of ComputerSoftwareText 1 Data StructureA data structure is a data type. Its values are composed of component elements that are related by some structure.Since a data structure is a data type, it has a set of operations on its values. In addition, there may be operations that act on its component elements. The operations of a structured data type might not only act on the values of the data type, they might also act on component elements of the data structure.The data type’s arrays and record s are native to many programming languages. By using the pointer data type and dynamic memory allocation, many programming languages also provide the facilities for constructing linked structures. The first two higher-level abstract data types are stacks and queues. They are extremely important to computing.A stack is a data type. Its major attributes are the way the insertion and deletion of its elements. The only element that can be deleted or removed is the one that was inserted most recently. Such a structure is said to have a last-in/first-out (LIFO) behavior.Queues are familiar to us. The line of people waiting for service at a bank is an example of queues. The main feature of queues is that they follow a first-come/first-served rule. In queues, the earliest element inserted is the first served. In social settings, the rule appeals to our sense of equality and fairness.There are many applications of the first-in/first-out (FIFO) protocol of queues in computing. For example, the line of I/O requests waiting for access to a disk drive might be a queue. The line of computing jobs waiting to be run on a computer system might also be a queue.参考译文数据结构数据结构是一种数据类型，其值是由通过某种结构相互关联的组成元素所构成的。
计算机专业英语及翻译Unit 10
Unit 10 Program DesignText 1 Computer LanguagesComputer languages have undergone dramatic evolution since the first electronic computers were built. Early on, programmers worked with the most primitive computer instructions—machine language. These instructions were represented by long strings of ones and zeroes. Soon, assembly language was invented. It maps machine instructions to human-readable mnemonics, such as ADD and MOV.In time, higher-level languages evolved, such as PASCAL, BASIC, COBOL, C, C++, and JA V A. These languages let people work with something approximating words and sentences, such as Let I = 100. These instructions were translated back into machine language by interpreters and compilers. An interpreter translates a program as it reads it, turning the program instructions, or code, directly into actions. A compiler translates the code into an intermediary form. This step is called compiling, and produces an object file. The compiler then invokes a linker, which turns the object file into an executable program.Because interpreters read the code as it is written and execute the code on the spot, interpreters are easy for the programmer to work with. Compilers, however, introduce the extra steps of compiling and linking the code, which is inconvenient. Because the time-consuming task of translating the source code into machine language has already been accomplished, compilers produce a program that is very fast each time it is run.The problems programmers are asked to solve have been changing. Today's programs use sophisticated "user-friendly interfaces," involving multiple windows, menus, and dialog boxes. The programs written to support this new approach are far more complex than those written just ten years ago. Generally, as programming requirements have changed, both languages and the techniques used for writing programs have evolved.参考译文计算机语言自从第一批电子计算机诞生以来，计算机语言已经发生了戏剧性的变化。
计算机专业英语翻译参考
2.(P17)The most important piece of graphics hardware is the graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display. There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphics cards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphicscard, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.
计算机专业英语名词翻译
第一章（计算机系统概论）digital computer 数字计算机decimal digits 十进制数字binary 二进制bit 位ASCII 美国国家信息交换标准代码computer system 计算机系统hardware system 硬件系统software system 软件系统I/O devices 输入输出设备central processing unit(CPU) 中央处理器memory 存储器application software 应用软件video game 计算机游戏system software 系统软件register 寄存器floating point data浮点数据Boolean布尔值character data字符数据EBCDIC扩充的二十一进制交换代码punched cards穿孔卡片magnetic tape磁带main memory主存vacuum tubes电子管magnetic drum磁鼓transistors晶体管solid-state devices固体器件magnetic cores磁芯integrated circuit（IC）集成电路silicon chip硅芯片multiprogramming多道程序设计timessharing分时分时技术minicomputers小型计算机mainframe大型计算机large-scaleintegrated(LSI)大规模集成very-large-scale integrated(VLSI)超大规模集成word processing文字处理eletronic spreedsheets电子表格database management programs数据库管理程序desktop publishing桌面印刷personalcomputer(PC)个人计算机microcomputer微型计算机storage capacities存储容量stand-alone computer独立计算机local area network(LAN)局域网peripheral devices外部设备assembly line流水线supercomputer巨型计算机第二章（计算机系统结构）memmory subsystem存储子系统I/O subsystem输入输出子系统bus总线system bus系统总线chip 芯片address bus地址总线instructions指令memory location存储单元data bus数据总线control bus控制总线local bus 局部总线microprocessor微处理器register set寄存器组arithmetic logic unit(ALU)运算器clock cycle时钟周期control unit控制器computer architecture计算机体系结构introduction format指令格式addressing modes寻址方式introduction set指令集internal memory内存main memory主存Random Access Memory(RAM)随机存取存储器Read Only Memory (ROM)只读存储器secondary storage副主存储器vitual memory虚拟存储器Dynamic RAM(DRAM)动态存储器refresh circuitry刷新电路Static RAM(SRAM)静态RAMcache memory高速缓冲存储器masked ROM掩膜ROMPROM可编程RAMEPROM可擦写PROMultraviolet light紫外线EEPROM or EEPROM电擦写PROMbasic input/output system(BIOS)基本输入输出系统flash EEPROM 快闪存储器memory hierarchy 存储器体系结构auxiliary memory 辅助存储器storage memory 存储容量keyboard 键盘alphanumeric key字母数字键function key 功能键cursor key 光标键numeric keypad 数字键mouse 鼠标touch screen触屏infrared ray红外线monitor 监视器display screen显示屏laser printer激光打印机ink-jet printer喷墨打印机dot-matrix printer点针式打印机modem调制解调器input-output interface(I/O interface)输入输出接口peripheral外部设备，外设interrupt中断program counter程序计数器vectored interrupt向量中断nonvectored interrupt非向量中断interrupt vector中断向量Direct Memory Acess(DMA)直接存储器存取timeout超时第三单元（计算机体系结构）parallel processing 并行操作serial operations 串行操作instructions stream 指令流data dream 数据流SISD 单指令单数据流SIMD 单指令多数据流MISD 多指令单数据流MIMD 多指令多数据流pipeline processing 流水线处理combinational circuit 组合电路multiplier 乘法器adder 加法器clock pulse 时钟脉冲vector processing 向量处理one-dimensional array 一维数组scalar processer 标量处理器vector instructions 向量指令CISC 复杂指令集计算机decoder 译码器RISC 精简指令集计算机backward compatibility 向下兼容第四单元（算法与数据结构）algorithm 算法parallel algotithm 并行算法primitive 原语syntax 语法semantics 语义pseudocode 伪码exhaustive search 穷举搜索divide-and-conquer algorithm 分治算法dynamic programming 动态规划bottom-up 自上而下top-down 自下而上array 数组one-dimensional array 一维数组pointer 指针program counter 程序计数器instruction pointer 指令指针list 列表linked list 链表singly-linked list 单向链表double-linked list 双向链表circularly-linked list 循环链表FIFO 先进先出LIFO 后进先出stack 栈push 压栈pop 出栈stack pointer 栈指针queue 队列tree 树root 根level 层次degree of a node 结点的度depth of a tree树的深度binary tree 二叉树traversal 遍历M-way search tree M向搜索树第五章（编程语言）Program 程序Program language 程序设计语言Software engineering 软件工程Pseudocode 伪码Flowchart 流程图Coding 编码Program testing 程序测试Desk-checking 手工检查Documentation 文档User documentation 用户文档Operator documentation 操作员文档Programmer documentation 程序员文档Machine language 机器语言Assembly languages 汇编语言High-level languages 高级语言RAD(rapid application development) 快速应用开发Natural language 自然语言Artificial intelligence(AI) 人工智能Compile 编译Assemble 汇编Source code 源代码Object code 目标代码Linker 连接器Executable file 可执行文件Object-oriented programming 面向对象的程序设计Object 对象Class 类ADT（abstract data type）抽象数据类型Member variable 成员变量Class variable 类变量Member function 成员函数Inheritance 继承Derived class 派生类Overload 超载Message 消息Static binding 静态绑定Dynamic binding 动态绑定Polymorphism 多态性Visual programming 可视化编程Markup language 标记语言HTML（hyper text markup language）超文本标记语言Hyperlink 超链接XML(extensible markup language) 可扩展标记语言Java virtual machine java虚拟机第六章（操作系统）Application software 应用软件System software 系统软件Utility software 实用软件Operating system（OS）操作系统Shell 操作系统的外壳程序Graphical user interface（GUI）图形用户界面Kernel 内核Serial processing 串行处理Job 作业Batch processing 批处理Simple batch systems 简单批处理系统Multiprogrammed batch systems 多道程序批处理系统Monitor 监控程序Scheduler 调度程序Multiprogramming 多道程序Multitasking 多任务Time-sharing systems 分时系统Uniprogramming 单道进程Process 进程Process management 进程管理Process control block 进程控制块Mutual exclusion 互斥Multiprocessing 多处理，多进程Distributed processing 分布式管理Concurrent processes 并发处理Deadlock 死锁Synchronize process同步处理Semaphore 信号量Reusable resource 可复用性资源I/O buffers 输入/输出缓冲区I/O channel 输入/输出通道Deadlock prevention 死锁预防Deadlock detection 死锁检测Deadlock avoidance 死锁避免Virtual memory 虚拟内存Logical reference 逻辑引用Real addresse 实地址Paging 分页Segmentation 分段Virtual address 虚拟地址Physical addresses 物理地址Real-time process 实时处理File management 文件管理Plug and play(PnP) 即插即用第七单元(应用软件)application software 应用软件word processing 字处理软件spreadsheet 电子表格personal finance 个人理财presentation graphic 演示图形database manager 数据库管理软件groupware 群件desktop accessory 桌面辅助工具browsers 浏览区desktop publishing 桌面印刷project management 项目管理CAD 计算机辅助设计CAM 计算机辅助制造multimedia authoring 多媒体发布animation 动画MIDI 乐器数字化接口speech synthesis 语音合成insertion point 插入点scroll bar 滚动条window 窗口menu bar 菜单栏pull-down menu 下拉式菜单Button 按钮toolbar 工具条dialog box 对话框default value 缺省值（默认值）macro 宏OLE 对象链接和嵌入clipboard 剪切板column 列row 行cell 单元格cell address 单元格地址cell pointer 单元格指针formula 公式function 函数bar chart 柱形图line chart 线图pie chart 圆饼图workflow software 工作流软件PIM 个人信息管理软件Web browser 浏览器World Wide Web 万维网home page 主页第八单元（数据库）DBMS 数据库管理系统instance 实例schema 模式physical schema 物理模式存储模式内模式logical schema 逻辑模式概念模式模式subschema 子模式外模式data independence 数据独立性physical data independence 物理数据独立性logical data independence 逻辑数据独立性data model 数据模型entity-relationship model 实体联系模型object-oriented model 面向对象模型semantic data model 语义数据类型functional data model 功能数据模型entity 实体entity set 实体集mapping cardinality 映射基数abstract data type 抽象数据类型attribute 属性relation 关系tuple 元组primary key 主键super key 超健candidate key 候选键foreign key 外键DDL 数据定义语言data dictionary 数据字典DML 数据操纵语言procedure DML 过程化DML nonprocedure DML 非过程化DMLSQL 结构化查询语言view 视图the relational algebra 关系代数the tuple relational calculus 元组关系演算atomicity 原子性consistency 一致性duration 持久性transaction 事物DBA 数据库管理员。
计算机专业词汇英语翻译
Guest editora vehicle of 一种手段productivity生产力perceive 感知empirical means：经验方法the prolonged exponential growth：长期的指数增长Fidelity：保真度energy harvesting：能源获取Ubiquitous computing：普适计算Photosynthesis ：光合作用incident light 入射光coated 覆盖的humidity 湿度moisture gradients：湿气梯度semiconductor fabrication：半导体制造Acoustic：声学的Miniaturization:小型化Photons：光子，量子Concentrations：浓度Tailored：定制的Spectrum：光谱sophisticated heterogeneous systems：复杂的异构系统Fusion：融合=aggregationQualitative 定性的Diffusion：扩散duty-cycle：占空比spatial dimension：空间范围Dissemination：散播Pervasive：普遍的Trajectory：轨道Ambient：周围的②leachMicrosensors：微传感器Cluster: 名词：簇动词：分簇Cluster head：簇头Hierarchy 分层Application-Specific 应用相关的In terms of 按照Aggregate聚合Diffusion：传播Dissipated：耗散Timeline 时间轴Backs off：后退Dissipation：耗散spread-spectrum：扩频intra-cluster：簇内Outperform：胜过③pegasisHomogeneous:同质的fusion ：融合aggregationFuse：v. 融合Humidity：湿度Beacon：信标timestamp 时间戳in terms of ：就...而言greedy approach：贪婪算法truncated chain：截断链Critical：关键的propagation delays：传播延迟Dissipate：v.发散SNR：信噪比Joules：焦耳The upper bound：上限tier：等级token ：令牌，象征Dense：密集的Sparse：稀疏的Heuristic：启发式Outperforms：胜过Preliminary：初步的Exponential：指数的traveling salesman problem 旅行商问题tradeoff 代价④z-macLatency：时间延迟Robust：鲁棒性slot assignment：时隙分配multiple access control：多址接入控制Aggregate：聚合duty cycle：占空比the overhead of：开销Vendors：厂商surface-mount：表面贴装hand-soldering：手工焊接Predetermined：预定的Stochastic：随机的Explicit Contention Notification:明确竞争通知Unicast：单播Congestion：拥塞Benchmark：基准Preamble：头部⑤A building。
计算机英语2022影印版课后单词翻译解析
计算机英语2022影印版课后单词翻译解析计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页KEYTERMS第一单元digitalveratiledic（DVD）数字多用途光盘digitalvideodic（DVD）数字多用途光盘documentfile文档文件enduer终端用户floppydik软盘informationytem信息系统informationtechnology信息技术inputdevice输入设备Internet因特网Keyboard键盘peronaldigitalaitant（PDA）个人数字助理preentationfile演示文稿primarytorage主存Printer打印机Procedure规程Program程序randomaccememory随机存储器econdarytoragedevice辅存Software 软件wirelerevolution无线革命workheetfile工作表第三单元analyticalgraph分析图计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页applicationoftware应用软件AutocontentWizard内容提示向导baicapplication基础应用软件bulletedlit项目符号列表buineuite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格charactereffect字效Chart图表Column列databaemanagementytem(DBMS)数据库管理系统databaemanager数据库管理员Deigntemplate设计模板dialogbo某对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段findandreplace查找和替换Font字体fontize字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Gallerie图库grammarchecker语法检查器graphicaluerinterface(GUI)图形用户界面homeoftware家庭软件homeuite家庭套装软件Icon图标preentationgraphic图形演示文稿productivityuite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relationaldatabae关系型数据Report报表Ribbon功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片oftwareuite软件套装Sort排序pecializedapplication专用应用程序pecializeduite专用套装软件peechrecognition语音识别pellingchecker拼写检查器preadheet电子表格ytemoftware系统软件Table表格te某tentry文本输入Theauru[θi:r]分类词汇集计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Toolbar工具栏uerinterface用户界面utilityuite实用套装软件what-ifanalyi变化分析Window窗口wordproceor文字处理软件wordwrap字回行workbookfile工作簿Workheet工作表第四单元Animation动画artificialintelligence(AI)人工智能artificialreality虚拟现实audioeditingoftware音频编辑软件bitmapimage位图Blog博客Button按键clipart剪辑图Dektoppubliher桌面发布dektoppublihingprogram桌面印刷系统软件drawingprogram绘图程序e某pertytem专家系统Flah动画fuzzylogic模糊逻辑graphicalmap框图graphicuite集成图HTMLeditorHTML编辑器illutrationprogram绘图程序Imageeditor图像编辑器imagegallery图库immerivee某perience沉浸式体验indutrialrobot工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledgebae知识库knowledge-baedytem知识库系统Link链接pagelayoutprogram页面布局程序perceptionytemrobot感知系统机器人Photoeditor图像编辑器Pi某el[pikl]像素raterimage光栅图像Robot机器人Robotic机器人学tockphotograph照片库toryboard故事版Vector[vekt]矢量vectorillutration矢量图vectorimage矢量图象videoeditingoftware视频编辑软件virtualenvironment虚拟环境virtualreality虚拟现实virtualrealitymodelinglanguage(VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtualrealitywall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Webauthoring网络编程Webauthoringprogram网络编辑程序Weblog网络日志计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Webpageeditor网页编辑器第五单元AddPrinterWizard添加打印机向导languagetranlator语言编译器leopard[lepd]雪豹操作系统Linu某MacOSMac操作系统MacOS某Menu菜单Antiviruprogram反病毒程序Backup备份backupprogram备份程序Booting启动、引导coldboot冷启动Dahboardwidget仪表盘Dektop桌面dektopoperatingytem桌面操作系统devicedriver磁盘驱动程序diagnoticprogram诊断程序dialogbo 某对话框DikCleanup磁盘清理DikDefragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embeddedoperatingytem嵌入式操作系统File文件Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphicaluerinterface(GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标Multitaking多任务处理networkoperatingytem(NOS)网络操作系统networkerver网络服务器OneButtonCheckup一键修复operatingytem操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sector[ekt]扇区oftwareenvironment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯tand-aloneoperatingytem独立操作系统ytemoftware系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Track磁道troublehootingprogram故障检修程序Unintallprogram卸载程序UNI某uerinterface用户界面Utility实用程序utilityuite实用套装软件Viru[vair]病毒warmboot热启动Window 视窗Window视窗操作系统WindowUpdateWindow更新计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页WindowVitaWindow某P第六单元ACadapter交流适配器Acceleratedgraphicport(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logicunit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmeticoperation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binarycodingcheme:二进制编码制Bit:位Bu:总线Buline:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cachememory:高速缓存carrierpackage封装物Centralproceingunit(CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Dektopytemunit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-corechip双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码E某panionbu扩展总线E某panioncard扩展卡E某panionlot扩展槽FireWireport:火线接口Flahmemory闪存Graphiccard图形适配卡Indutrytandardarchitecture（ISA）工业标准结构InfraredDataAociation（IrDA）红外线传输模组Muicalintrumentdigitalinterface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Networkadaptercard网络适配卡Networkinterfacecard（NIC）网络接口卡Notebookytemunit:笔记本Parallelport:并行端口Parallelproceing并行处理Pccard::个人计算机插卡PCIE某pre（PCIe）Peronaldigitalaitant(PDA)个人数字助理计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Plugandplay:即插即用Port:端口Powerupplyunit供电设备Proceor:处理器RAMcache:RAM高速缓存Random-accememory(RAM):随机存储器Read-onlymemory(ROM):只读存储器erialATA（SATA）串行ATA接口规范Serialport:串行端口Siliconchip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smartcard:智能卡oundcard声卡Sytemboard:系统板Sytemcabinet:主机Sytemclock:系统时钟Sytemunit:系统单元tabletPC平板式电脑tabletPCytemunit平板式电脑系统单元TVtunercard:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Univeralerialbu(USB):通用串行总线Univeralerialbu(USB)port:通用串行总线端口Virtualmemory:虚拟存储器Word:字第七单元active-matri某monitor有源矩阵显示器barcode条形码barcodereader条形码阅读器cathoderaytubemonitor(CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度Digitalmediaplayer数字媒体播放器Digitalmuicplayer数码音乐播放器digitalvideocamera数码影像摄录机dotpitch点距dot-matri某printer针式打印机dot-per-inch(dpi)点每英寸dual-canmonitor双向扫描显示器dumbterminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomickeyboard人体工程学键盘Fa某machine传真机flat-panelmonitor平面显示器Flatbedcanner平板扫描仪fle某iblekeyboard可变形键盘handwritingrecognitionoftware手写识别软件Headphone耳机high-definitionteleviion(HDTV)高清电视计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页laerprinter激光打印机lightpen光笔Liquidcrytaldiplay（LCD）液晶显示器Magneticcardreader磁卡阅读器magnetic-inkcharacterrecognition(MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanicalmoue机械鼠标Monitor显示器Moue鼠标mouepointer鼠标指针multifunctiondevice(MFD)多功能设备networkterminal网络终端numerickeypad数字小键盘optical-characterrecognition(OCR)光学字符识别optical-markrecognition(OMR)光学标记识别opticalmoue光电鼠标Opticalcanner光电扫描仪paive-matri某monitor无源矩阵显示器PDAkeyboardPDA键盘peronallaerprinter个人激光打印机photoprinter照片打印机pictureelement有效像素Pi某el像素Pi某elpitch像素间距platformcanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointingtick触控点portableprinter便携式打印机portablecanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radiofrequencycardreader射频卡阅读器Radiofrequencyidentification（RFID）射频识别refrehrate刷新率Reolution分辨率rollerball 滚动球haredlaerprinter共享激光打印机Speaker扬声器Stylu[tail]输入笔thermalprinter[θ:ml]热敏打印机thinclient瘦客户端thinfilmtranitormonitor(TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器togglekey[tɡl]切换键touchpad触控板touchcreen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditionalkeyboard传统键盘UniveralProductCode(UPC)同一产品编码wandreader棒式阅读器WebCam摄像头计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页wheelbutton滚动键wirelekeyboard无线键盘wirelemoue无线鼠标第八单元Cylinder[ilind]柱面Denity密度directacce直接存取dikcaching磁盘缓存DVD(digitalveratiledicordigitalvideodic)DVDplayerDVD播放器DVD-R(DVDrecordable)可录式DVDDVD+R(DVDrecordable)可录式DVDDVD-RAM(DVDrandom-accememory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVDrandom-read-onlymemory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROMjukebo某DVD-RW(DVDrewritable)可重写DVDEnterprietorageytem企业存储系统Floppydikcartridge软盘盒floppydikdrive(FDD)软磁盘驱动器harddik硬盘hard-dikcartridge硬盘盒hard-dikpack硬盘组HDDVD(high-definitionDVD)高清DVDopticaldikdrive光盘驱动器OrganizationalInternettorage组织性网络存储PCCardharddikPC卡硬盘Pit坑primarytorage主存RAIDytem磁碟阵列系统计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页Redundantarrayofine某peniveclient/ervernetworkytem客户/服dik(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列econdarytorage辅存Sector扇区equentialacce顺序存取Shutter滑盖Softwareengineer软件工程师olid-tatetorage固态存储器toragedevice存储装置tapecartridge盒式带Track轨道USBdriveUSB驱动器write-protectionnotch写入保护缺口第九单元3Gcellularnetworkanalogignal模拟信号aymmetricdigitalubcriber（ADSL）非对称数字用户线路Backbone 中枢Bandwidth带宽baetation基址bitperecond位/秒Bluetooth蓝牙Broadband宽带broadcatradio无线广播Bu总线bunetwork总线网络cablemodem电缆调制解调器cellularervice无线服务Client客户务网络系统digitalubcriberline(DSL)数字用户线路ditributeddataproceing分布式数据处理系统ditributedproceing分布处理domainnameerver(DNS)域名服务Ethernet以太网e某ternalmodem外置调制解调器E某tranet外联网fiber-opticcable光纤电缆Firewall防火墙globalpoitioningytem(GPS)全球卫星定位系统internalmodem内置式调制解调器Intranet内联网IPaddre(InternetProtocoladdre)IP地址localareanetwork(LAN)局域网lowbandwidth低频带宽计算机专业英语（2022影印版）高等教育出版社共10页mediumband中频波段metropolitanareanetwork(MAN)城域网Microwave微波Modem调制解调器Modulation调制networkadminitrator网络管理员networkarchitecture网络体系结构networkgateway网关networkhub网络集线器networkinterfacecard(NIC)网络接口卡networkoperatingytem(NOS)网络操作系统Node节点Packet数据包PCcardmodemPC卡调制解调器peer-to-peernetworkytem对等网络系统Polling轮流检测Protocol协议pro某yerver代理服务器ringnetwork环型网络Satellite卫星atellite/airconnectionervice卫星互连服务Server服务器(tranmiioncontrolprotocol/Internetprotocol)传输控制协议/因特网协议voiceband 声音带宽wideareanetwork(WAN)广域网Wi-FI(wirelefidelity)无限保真wireleLAN(WLAN)无线局域网wirelemodem无线调制解调器wirelereceiver无线接收器。
计算机专业英语词汇
n. 命令，指令 2. line n. (数据，程序)行，线路 3. display vt. 显示，显示器4. format n. 格式5. cursor n. 光标6. directory n. 目录，索引簿n. 电流 n. 屏幕，屏；v. 屏蔽 9.. specify v. 指定，规定，确定10. disk n. 盘，磁盘 11. drive v. 驱动；n. 驱动器 12. database n. 数据库13. enter v. 键入，送入 n. 余量，边缘，边际 15. procedure n. 过程，程序，工序16. dialog n. & vt. 对话 vt. 插入 18. item n. 项，项目，条款vt. 编辑，编排，编篡 n. 参数，参变量 21. variable a. 可变的；n. 变量22. function n. 函数，功能，操作 23. button n. 按钮 24. index n. 索引，变址，指数25. setting n. 设置，调整 26. desire v. & n. 期望 27 . switch n. & v. 开关，转换，切换28. default v. 缺省，预置，约定 29. enable vt. 启动，恢复正常操作 30. filename n. 文件名31. prompt n. & v. 提示 32. execute v. 实行，实施 33. extension n. 扩充，延伸34. argument n. 变元，自变量 35. shift v. 转义，换档，移位 36. store n. & vt. 存储，存储器37. scroll vt. 上滚(卷)；n. 纸卷 38. macro n. 宏，宏功能，宏指令 39. define vt. 定义，规定，分辨40. reference n. & a. 参考；参考的 41. restore vt. 恢复，复原 42. block n. (字，信息，数据)块43. decimal n. & a. 十进制；十进制的 44. definition n. 定义，确实，清晰度 45. arrow n. 箭头，指针46. label n. 标签，标号，标识符 47. issue v. 发行，出版，流出 48. available a. 可用的49. attribute n. 属性，标志，表征 50. dos 磁盘操作系统 51. modify vt. 修改，改变，变址52. bottom n. & a. 底，基础；底下的 53. carriage n. 滑架，托架 54. content n. 含量，容量，内容55. scope n. 范围，显示器 56. paragraph n. 段(落)，节，短讯 57. execution n. 执行58. backup n. 备份，后备，后援 59. pointer n. 指针，指示字 60. subset n. 子集，子设备61. keyboard n. 键盘 62. positioning n. 定位 63. toggle n. & v. 触发器；系紧64. device n. 设备，器件，装置 vt. 指示，表示 66. rename vt. 更名，改名67. combination n. 结合，组合 68. profile n. 简要，剖面，概貌 69. split v. 分开，分离70. access n. 存取，选取，接近 71. document n. 文献，资料，文件 72. reflow v. & n. 回流，逆流73. install vt. 安装 74. assign vt. 赋值，指定，分派 75. specific a. 特殊的，具体的76. diskette n. 软磁盘，软盘片 77. confirmation n. 认可 78. abbreviate vt. 缩写，省略79. delimiter n. 定界符，分界符 80. graphic n. & a. 图形；图形的 81. confirm vt. 证实，确认82. clause n. 条款，项目，子句 83. correspond vi. 通信(联系) 84. property n. 性(质)，特征85. bracket n. (方)括号，等级 86. omit vt. 省略，删去，遗漏 87. sub-directory n. 子目录88. instruction n. 指令，指导 89. ascii n. 美国信息交换标准码 90. append vt. 附加，增补91. buffer n. 缓冲器 92. coprocessor n. 协同处理器 93. overlay v. 覆盖，重叠94. navigation n. 导航 95. shortcut n. 近路，捷径 96. assigned a. 指定的，赋值的97. match v. 比较，匹配，符合 98. release vt. & n. 释放，核发，版 99. deletion n. 删去(部分)，删除100. alias n. 别名，代号，标记 101. quote n. & v. 引号；加引号 102. maximum n. & a. 最大(的)，最高103. switching n. 开关，转接，交换 104. element n. 元件，元素，码元 105. modification n. 改变，修改106. modified a. 修改的，变更的 107. uppercase n. 大写字母 108. force v. & n. 强制；压力，强度109. lowercase n. 下档，小写体 110. undo vt. 取消，废除 111. environ vt. 围绕，包围112. temporary a. 暂时的，临时的 113. encounter v. & n. 遇到，碰到 114. wildcard n. 通配符115. spill v. 漏出，溢出，漏失 116. browse v. 浏览 117. memo n. 备忘录118. prior a. 先验的，优先的 119. variant n. & a. 变体，易变的 120. floppy n. 软磁盘121. supply vt. & n. 电源，供给 122. module n. 模块(程序设计) 123. monochrome n. 单色124. assistance n. 辅助设备，帮助 125. demonstration n. (公开)表演，示范 126 . template n. 标准框，样127. linker n. 连接程序 128. process vt. 处理，进程，加工 129. refer v. 访问，引用，涉及130. overview n. 综述，概要 131. syntax n. 语法，文法，句法 132. abbreviation n. 缩短，省略，简称133. bios n. 基本输入/输出系统 134. minus a. & n. 负的；负数，减 135. alternate a. 交替的，备用的136. collapse v. 崩溃，破裂 137. interpreter n. 解释程序，翻译机 138. slash n. 斜线139. utility n. & a. 实用程序；实用性 140. regardless a. 不注意的，不考虑的 141. compatible a. 可兼容的，可共存的142. alphabetical a. 字母(表)的，abc的143. resume v. 重(新)开(始) 144. multiple a. 多次的，复杂的145. monitor n. 监视器，监督程序 146. configuration n. 配置 147. aboveboard ad. & a. 照直，公开的148. eject n. 弹出 149. sequence n. 顺序，时序，序列 150. consist vi. 符合，包括151. valid a. 有效的 152. suspend v. 中止，暂停，挂起 153. enhance vt. 增强，放大，夸张154. separate v. & a. 分隔，分离，各自的 155. echo n. 回波，反射波 156. comment n. & vi. 注解，注释157. prevent v. 防止，预防 158. pressed a. 加压的，压缩的 159. dimension n. 尺寸，维，因次160. boundary n. 边界，界限，约束 161. zoom v. 变焦距 162. initialize v. 初始化163. hello int. & v. 喂！；呼叫 164. font n. 铅字，字形 165. convert v. 转换，变换166. global n. 全局，全程，全局符 167. invoke vt. 调用，请求 168. interactive a. 交互式，交互的169. described a. 被看到的，被发现的 170. exclusive a. 排斥，排它性 171. adapter n. 适配器，转换器172. filter n. 滤波器，滤光材料 173. dual a. 对偶的，双的 174. equivalent a. 相等的，等175. storage n. 存储，存储器 176. startup n. 启动 177. resident a. 驻留的178. designated a. 指定的，特指的 179. pertain vi. 附属，属于，关于 180. expansion n. 展开，展开式181. incompatible a. 不兼容的 182. blinking n. 闪烁 183. precede v. 先于184. transportable a. 可移动的 185. routine n. 程序，例行程序 186. session n. 对话，通话187. redraw vt. 再拉 188. manual a. 手工的，手动的 189. assembly n. 汇编，安装，装配190. copyright n. 版权 191. retrieve v. 检索 192. ram 随机存取存储器193. exception n. 例外，异常，异议 194. minimum n. & a. 最小(的)，最低 195. reindex v. & n. 变换(改变)符号196. compile vt. 编译 197. undefined a. 未定义的 198. tick v；n. 滴答(响)；勾号(√)199. intense a. 强烈的，高度的 200. documentation n. 文件编制，文本 201. asterisk n. 星号(*)202. interface n. 接口 203. pause vi. 暂停 204. assumed a. 假定的205. entry n. 输入，项(目)，入口 206. formatting n. 格式化 207. symbol n. 符号，记号208. binary n. & a. 二进制；双态的 209. subtotal n. & v. 小计，求部分和 210. partition v. 划分，分区，部分211. hexadecimal a. 十六进制的 212. generate vt. 产生，发生，生成 213. specification n. 说明书，规则说明书214. customize vt. 定制，定做 215. nest v. 嵌套，后进先出 216. duplicate vt. 复制，转录，加倍217. compression n. 压缩，浓缩 218. alternately ad. 交替地，轮流地 219. intensity n. 强度，亮度220. explicitly ad. 明显地，显然地 221. sector n. & v. 扇区，段；分段 222. vertically ad. 竖直地，直立地223. horizontally ad. 水平地 224. backspace v. 退格，回退 225. terminate v. 端接，终止226. drag vt. 拖，拉，牵，曳 227. formatted a. 有格式的 228. underscore vt. 在…下面划线229. initially ad. 最初，开头 230. reformat v. 重定格式 231. integrate v. 综合，集成232. trailing n. & a. 结尾；尾随的 233. indent v. 缩排 234. integer n. 整数235. subscript n. 注脚，下标 236. secondary a. 辅助的，第二的 237. colon n. 冒号“:”238. allocate vt. 分配 239. wordperfect a. 一字不错地熟记的 240. verify vt. 鉴定，检验，核对241. emulator n. 仿真器，仿真程序242. splitting n. 分区(裂) 243. console n. 控制台，操作台244. kernel n. 内核(核心)程序245. modifier n. 修改量，变址数246. invalid a. 无效的247. compiler n. 编译程序(器) 248. dot n. 点 249. beep n. 蜂鸣声，嘀嘀声250. random a. 随机的 251. facility n. 设施，装备，便利 252. asynchronous a. 异步的，非同步的253. paste n. 湖，胶，膏 254. respect n. & vt. 遵守，关系 255. hyphen n. 连字符，短线256. serial a. 串行的，串联的 257. retain vt. 保持，维持 258. signal n. & v. 信号；发信号259. cpu 控制处理部件 260. deactivate vt. 释放，去活化 261. initial a. 最初的，初始的262. corrupt v. & a. 恶化；有毛病的 263. host n. 主机 264. pending a. 悬而未决的，未定的265. boot n. 引导，靴266. magenta n. & a. 深红色(的) 267. opposite a. & n. & ad. 相反的268. override v. & n. 超越，克服269. hex a. & n. 六角形的270. instant a. 立刻的，直接的271. kilobyte n. 千字节(kb) 272. parenthesis n. 括弧，圆括号273. murder n. 弄坏，毁掉274. flush v. 弄平，使齐平 275. consecutive a. 连续的，连贯的276. addressing n. 寻址277. prefix n. 前缀278. carousel n. 圆盘传送带 279. static a. 静态的，不变的280. assignment n. 赋值，分配281. respectively ad. 分别地 282. navigate v. 导航，驾驶283. due a. 到期的，应付(给)的284. descend v. 下降，落下285. alter v. 改变，修改286. track n. 磁道，轨道287. precedence n. 优先权288. skeleton n. 骨架，框架289. log n. & v. 记录，存入290. accessible a. 可以使用的 291. configure vt. 使成形292. declared a. 承认的，申报的293. compress vt. 压缩，精减294. graphically ad. 用图表表示295. automatic a. 自动的296. aligned a. 对准的，均衡的297. terminal n. 终端，端子298. expire v. 终止，期满 299. resolution n. 分辨率 300. semicolon n. 分号(；)301. critical a. & n. 临界的；临界值 302. border n. 边界，框，界限 303. cache n. 高速缓存304. fastback n. 快速返回 305. hercules n. 大力神，大力士 306. trim n. 区标，微调307. substitute v. 代替，替换，代入 308. upgrade v. 升级，提高质量 309. instance n. & vt. 例子，情况；举例310. elapsed vi. & n. 经过 311. nor conj. 也不 312. mono a. & n. 单音的313. abort v. & n. 中断，故障 314. scatter v. 散射，分散，散布 315. convention n. 常规，约定，协定316. conventional a. 常规的，习惯的 317. handler n. 处理程序 318. processor n. 处理机，处理程序319. desktop a. 台式的 320. development n. 开发，研制，显影321. exceed v. 超过，大于322. horizontal a. 水平的，横向的 323. alphabetically ad. 按字母表顺序324. reserve vt. 保留，预定，预约325. manifest vt. 表明，显示，显现 326. disconnect vt. 拆接，断开，拆线327. clockwise a. 顺时针的328. eliminate vt. 除去，消除，切断 n. 说明，申报 330. icon n. 图符，象征331. layout n. 布置，布局，安排 332. appendix n. 附录333. truncate vt. 截尾，截断334. inhibit vt. 禁止335. register n. 寄存器336. stuff n. & vt. 材料；装入337. exclude vt. 排除，除去 338. lexical a. 辞典的，词法的339. port n. 端口，进出口340. segment n. 段，片段，图块 341. identically ad. 相等，恒等 342. permanently ad. 永久地，持久地343. accelerator n. 加速装置，加速剂344. originally ad. 原来，最初345. internally ad. 在内(部)346. derelict vt. 中途淘汰 347. redirect vt. 重定向348. reside vi. 驻留349. header n. 首部，标题，报头 350. extra a. 特别的，额外的351. density n. 密度352. master a. 总要的，总的 353. recursive a. 递归的，循环的 354. trap n. & vt. 陷阱；俘获355. dimensional n. 尺寸的，…维的 356. conjunction n. 逻辑乘，“与”357. interval n. 间歇，区间358. compatibility n. 兼容性，适应性 359. express a. 快速的360. volume n. 卷，册，体积，容量361. rated a. 额定的 362. odometer n. 里程表，计程仪363. phoenix n. 凤凰，绝世珍品364. easel n. 框，(画)架365. mainframe n. 主机，大型机 366. diacritical a. 区分的，辩别的367. confidential a. 机密的368. trace v. 跟踪，追踪 369. division n. 除，除法，(程序)部分370. implicit a. 隐式的371. mention vt. & n. 叙述，说到372. whereas conj. 面，其实，既然373. transform v. & n. 变换，变换式374. align v. & n. 定位，对准375. assist v. & n. 加速，帮助376. upon prep. 依据，遵照377. exhaust v. 取尽，用完378. alpha n. 希腊字母α，未知数379. constant n. 常数380. warranty n. 保证(书)，授权381. trigger n. & v. 触发器；触发382. treat v. 处理，加工383. ally v. 联合，与…关联384. exclamation n. 惊叹(号)385. dynamic a. 动态的，动力的386. foreground n. 前台387. preserve vt. 保存，维持388. vice n. 缺点，毛病，错误389. stationary a. 静止的，平稳的390. extract vt. 抽取，摘录，开方391. thereafter ad. 此后，据此392. restructure vt. 调整，重新组织393. delimit vt. 定界，定义394. classify vt. 分类，分级395. interfere vi. 干涉，干扰，冲突396. undesirable a. 不合乎需要的397. lot n. 一块(批，组，套) 398. insufficient a. 不足的，不适当的399. salary n. & vt. 薪水；发工资400. pacific a. 平稳的，太平(洋)的401. emphasize v. 强调，着重，增强402. ansi n. 美国国家标准协会403. permanent a. 永久的404. remark n. 评注，备注405. concatenate vt. 连接，串联，并置406. emulate v. 仿真，模仿；赶上或超过407. tape n. 磁带，纸带408. concept n. 概念409. subsequently ad. 其后，其次，按着410. registration n. 登记，挂号，读数411. designate vt. 任命，标志412. visible a. 可见的，明显的413. consult v. 咨询，顾问414. virtually ad. 实际上415. substantially ad. 实质上，本质上416. primarily ad. 首先，起初，原来417. sequentially ad. 顺序地418. client n. 顾客，买主419. commercial a. 商业的，经济的420. sheet n. (图)表，纸，片421. context n. 上下文，来龙去脉422. oriented a. 有向的，定向的423. suppressed vt. 抑制，取消424. subroutine n. 子程序425. bracketed a. 加括号的426. manually ad. 用手，手动地427. preset vt. 预置428. autoindex n. 自动变址(数) 429. performance n. 性能，实绩430. distribution n. 分布，分配431. denote vt. 指示，意味着，代表432. replicate vt. 重复，复制433. mega n. 兆，百万434. conform vi. 遵从，符合435. controller n. 控制器436. pseudo a. 假的，伪的，冒充的437. administrator n. 管理人，行政人员438. ensemble n. 总体，集合体439. bus n. 总线，信息通路440. traverse v. 横渡，横过，横断441. external a. 外部的442. adequate a. 足够的，充分的443. interpretability n. 配合动作性444. vary v. 变化，变换445. gap n. 间隙，间隔，缝隙446. indexing n. 变址，标引，加下标447. package n. 插件，(软件)包448. insertion n. 插入，嵌入，插页449. intervene vi插入，干涉450. overflow v. 溢出，上溢451. compose v. 组成，构成，构图452. snapshot n. 抽点打印453. sensitivity n. 灵敏度454. mach n. 马赫(速度单位) 455. subsequent a. 后来的，其次的456. capitalized a. 大写的457. compact a. 紧致的，压缩的458. plain n. 明码459. noted a. 著名的460. desirable a. 所希望的，称心的461. substitution n. 代替，替换，置换462. overstrike n. 过打印463. tornado n. 旋风，龙卷风464. ones n. 二进制反码465. parse vt. (语法)分析466. manufacture vt. & n. 制造(业)，工业467. restricting n. & a. 限制(的) 468 n. & a. 想象(的)，精制的469. fine a. & ad. 微小的，细的470. somewhat pron. & ad. 稍微，有点 471. purge v. & n. 清除472. mod a. & n. 时髦的 n. & vt. 失配，不匹配474. ellipsis n. 省略符号，省略(法)475. parallel a. 并行476. custom a. & n. 常规的，惯例；用户477. factory n. 工厂，制造厂478. implement n. & vt. 工具；执行，实现479. ampersand n. &号(and) 480. proprietary a. 专有的481. vowel n. 元音，母音482. synchronization n. 同步483. comprise vt. 包括，由…组成484. absence n. 缺少，没有485. revolutionize vt. 变革，彻底改革486. constantly ad. 不变地，经常地487. expunge vt. 擦除，删掉488. contrast n. 反差，对比，对比度489. invent vt. 创造，想象490. unshift v. 未移动，不移档491. complexity n. 复杂性，复杂度492. degrade v. 降低，减少，递降493. suggestion n. 暗示，提醒494. substantial a. 实质的，真正的495. solely ad. 独自，单独，只496. distribute vt. 分布，配线，配给 497. capture vt. 俘获，捕捉498 reinstate vt. 复原，恢复499. nicety n. 细节，精细500. roll n. & v. 案卷；卷动，滚动501. exponent n. 指数，阶，幂502. exponential a. 指数的，幂的，阶的503. complicated v. 使复杂化，使混乱 504. reactivate v. 使恢复活动505. synchronize v. 使同步506. formation n. 构造，结构，形成507. comma n. 逗号“,”，逗点508. inexperienced a. 不熟练的，外行的509. noninteractive a. 不相关的，非交互的510. chart n. 图(表) 511. dearly ad. 极，非常，昂贵地512. placement n. 布局513. stamp n. 图章514. equation n. 方程，方程式515. discard v. 删除，废除，放弃516. regard vt. 考虑，注意，关系517. potentially ad. 可能地，大概地518. moreover ad. 况且，并且，此外 519. shield v. 屏蔽，罩，防护520. transaction n. 事项，事务，学报 521. emulation n. 仿真，仿效522. dump v. (内存信息)转储523. logged a. 记录的，浸透的524. ware n. 仪器，商品525. disregard vt. 轻视，把…忽略不计526. comparison n. 比较，对照527. programmable a. 可编程的528. definable a. 可定义的，可确定的529. employe vt. 使用，花费530. defective a. 故障的，有毛病的531 interpretable a. 彼此协作的532. fourscore n. 八十533. procedural a. 程序上的534. penalty n. 惩罚，罚款，负担535. violate vt. 违犯，妨碍，破坏536. indefinitely ad. 无限地，无穷地 537. crop v. 切，剪切538. diagonally ad. 斜(对) 539. avail v. & n. 有益于；利益540. hang v. 中止，暂停，挂起541. craze n. & v. 裂纹开裂542. acknowledgment n. 接收(收妥)，承认543. bypass n. 旁路544. grant vt. 允许，授权545. logarithm n. 对数546. resolve v. 分辨，解像547. separator n. 分隔符548. assortment n. 种类，花色品种549. growing n. 分类，分组，成群550. scattered a. 分散的551. superimpose vt. 重叠，叠加552. reorganization vt. 重排，改组553. deter vt. 阻止，拦住，妨碍554. moment n. 矩，力矩，磁矩555. rectangular a. 矩形的，成直角的556. tag n. 特征，标记，标识符557. manipulating v. 操纵，操作558. masking n. 掩蔽，屏蔽559. demonstrate v. 论证，证明，证实 560. turnkey n. 总控钥匙561. suspension n. 暂停，中止，挂起562. seamless a. 无缝的563. clipper n. 限幅器，钳位器564. unformatted a. 无格式的565. redundant a. 冗余的566. dependent a. 相关的567. contiguous a. 相连的，邻接的568. association n. 结合，协会，联想 569. interpret v. 解释570 assemble v. 汇编，装配571. cad 计算机辅助设计572. arithmetic n. 算术，运算5737. sufficient a. 充足的，足够的574. blast v. & n. 清除；爆炸575. caret n. 插入符号576. socket n. 插座，插孔，插口577 stated a. 规定的578. protocol n. 规约，协议，规程579. esoteric a. 深奥的，奥秘的580. successive a. 逐次的，相继的581. chunk n. 厚块，大部分582. alignment n. 序列，成直线583. indentation n. 缩进，缩排584. terminology n. 术语585. ascending a. 增长的，向上的586. obsolete a. 作废的，过时的587. accommodate v. 调节，适应588. motif n. 主题，要点，特色589. distinction n. 区别，相异，特性 590. fundamental a. 基本的，根本的591. underlying a. 基础的，根本的592. iterative a. 迭代的593. charm n. 吸引力594. hit v. 命中，瞬时干扰595. exceeded a. 过度的，非常的596. numerical a. 数量的，数字的597. combo n. 二进位组合码。
计算机专业英语翻译
11.A computer is a fast and accurate system that is organizedto accept, store and process data, and produce ~program.计算机是快速而精准的系统，他用来接收、存储和处理数据，并在已存储的程序的指引下输出结果。
2.When people use the term “memory” in reference to computer~which is comprised of chips attached to the motherboard.当人们谈及计算机用到内存这个术语时，他们几乎总是在指被称为随机存储器RAM的计算机的主存储器，它是由固定在主板上的芯片构成的。
3.Inside the hard disk ~are many tracks.在硬盘驱动器的盒子里，有一张或多张圆形的金属盘，金属盘上有许多磁道。
4.Clarity is indicated by its resolution, which~ pixes , theclearer, the clearer the images.清晰度通过分辨率显示，而分辨率又由像素决定。
在显示器尺寸不变的情况下，像素越多，图像越清晰。
5.A monitor is a hardware with a television-like viewing screen.显示器是指具有类似电视机的显像屏幕的硬件。
6.Input devices translate data and ~ that computer can process.输入设备能够将人类理解的数据和程序指令转化成计算机能处理的形式。
7.Most scanners are of the flatbed,~ are the most popular.扫描仪可以分为平板式、馈纸式、滚筒式和手持式，其中，以平板式和手持式两款最为流行。
计算机专业英语-1-8英语翻译
Chapter 11.multi-core processor(多核处理器)------It is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processing units called “cores”, which are the units that read and execute program instructions.它是集成了两个或两个以上称为“核”的处理单元的计算部件，具有读取和执行程序指令的单元。
2.graphics processing unit(GPU)(图形处理单元)------A graphics processing unit, also occasionally called visual processing unit(VPU),is a specialized processor. It is designed to rapidly manipulate and alter memory to accelerate the creation of images in a frame buffer intended for output to a display.它是一个图形处理单元，有时也被称为视觉处理单元VPU，一个专门的处理器。
它的设计目的是快速地操作和改变内存，以加速在帧缓冲区中创建图像，以便显示输出。
3.Wearable computer(可穿戴电脑)------A wearable computer, also known as a body-borne computer or wearable ,is a miniature electronic device that is worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.穿戴式电脑，也被称为人体电脑或穿戴电脑，是一种微型电子设备，由持有者佩戴在身上或者衣服上。
(完整word版)计算机专业英语教程(第5版)翻译完整版
主存储器，也就是说内存，用于为处理器暂时存放程序和数据。所有的程序和数据在被操作之前必须从输入设备（如VDT）或者辅助存储器转存到主存储器中。主存储器存储容量通常是相当有限的，因此，在一个程序执行结束，它所占用的存储空间必须被重新分配给其它正在等待执行操作的程序。
Figure 1-1 illustrates how all input/output (I/O)is “read to” or “written from” primary storage. In the figure, an inquiry (input) is made on a VDT. The inquiry, in the form of a message, is routed to primary storage over a channel (such as a coaxial cable). The message is interpreted, and the processor initiates action to retrieve the appropriate program and data from secondary storage [3].The program and data are “loaded”, or moves, to primary storage from secondary storage. This is a nondestructive read process. That is, the program and data that are read reside in both primary storage (temporarily) and secondary storage (permanently). The data are manipulated according to program instructions, and a report is written from primary storage to a printer.
计算机专业英语翻译参考
计算机专业英语翻译参考1.(P1) Computer science deals with the theoreticalfoundations of information and computation, together with practical techniques for the implementation and application of these foundations, such as programming language theory, computational complexity theory, computer graphics and human-computer interaction.计算机科学涉及信息和计算的理论基础，以及这些基础的实施和应用的实际技术，如编程语言理论，计算复杂性理论，计算机图形学和人机交互。
2.(P17) The most important piece of graphics hardware isthe graphics card, which is the piece of equipment that renders out all images and sends them to a display.There are two types of graphics cards: integrated and dedicated. An integrated graphics card, usually by Intel for use in their computers, is bound to the motherboard and shares RAM (Random Access Memory) with the CPU, reducing the total amount of RAM available. This is undesirable for running programs and applications that use a large amount of video memory. A dedicated graphics card has its own RAM and Processor for generating its images, and does not slow down the computer. Dedicated graphics cards also have higher performance than integrated graphicscards. It is possible to have both dedicated and integrated graphics card, however once a dedicated graphics card is installed, the integrated card will no longer function until the dedicated card is removed.最重要的一块图形硬件是显卡，是一件呈现出所有的图像，并将它们发送到一个显示器的设备。
计算机专业英语课后单词翻译
P21,KEY TERMSapplication software 应用软件basic application 根本应用软件communication device 通信设备compact disc (CD) 光盘computer competency 计算机水平connectivity 连通性data数据database file 数据库文件desktop computer 台式计算机device driver 磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc (DVD 数字多用途光盘digital video disc (DVD 数字多用途光盘document file 文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk 软盘handheld computer 手持计算机hard disk 硬盘hardware 硬件high definition 高清Information 信息information system 信息系统information technology 信息技术input device 输入设备Internet 因特网keyboard 键盘mainframe computer 主机；电脑存储机memory内存microprocessor 微处理器midrange computer 中型机minicomputer小型计算机modems制解调器monitor监视器mouse鼠标network 网络notebook computer 笔记本电月而operating system 操作系统optical disk 光盘output device 输出设备palm computer 掌上电脑people用户personal digital assistant (PDA 个人数字助理presentation file 演示文稿primary storage 主存printer 打印机procedure 规程program 程序random access memory 随机存储器secondary storage device 辅存software 软件specialized application 专门应用软件supercomputer 巨型机system software 系统软件system unit 系统单元tablet PC平板电脑utility 实用程序wireless revolution 无线革命worksheet file 工作表P53,KEY TERMS address 地址Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANETT高级研究工程署的网络applets小型应用程序attachment 附件auction house site 拍卖行网站browser 浏览器business-to-business (B2B)企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer (B2.企业对消费者的电子商务模式cable电缆carder信用卡诈骗的人microcomputer 微型机Center for European Nuclear Research (CERN欧洲核子研究委员会computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer (C2C 消费者对消费者的电子商务模式dial-up 拨号digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名downloading 下载DSL数字用户e-commerce电子商务e-learning 电子学习electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件e-mail电子邮件protocol ( FTP)文件传输协议filter 过滤器friend 支元header标题hit检索的结果hyperlink 超链接Hypertext Markup Language (HTML 超文本标记语百instant messaging (IM) 即时通讯Internet 因特网Internet security suite 网络平安套件Java面向对象程序设计keyword search 关键词检索link链接location 存储单元message 信息metasearch engine 元搜索弓I 擎national service provider 国家® 务提供商online 在线online banking 网上专艮行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上证券交易person-to-person auction site 人际拍卖网站plug-in 插件protocol 协议search engine 搜索弓I擎search service 搜索®务signature line 签名线social networking 社交网络spam垃圾邮件spam blocker垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专业搜索引擎spider网络爬虫subject 主题surf冲浪top-level domain 顶级域名uniform resource locator (URI) 统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 通用即时信息软件uploading 上传Web网站Web auction网上拍卖Web-based application 网络应用Web-based service 网络效劳Webmaster网络治理员；站长Web page 网页Web utility 网络工具wireless modem 无限路由器wireless service provider 无线上网效劳P85,KEY TERMSanalytical graph 分析图application software 应用软件AutoContent Wizard 内容提示向导basic applications 根底应用软件bulleted list 工程符号列表business suite 商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect 字效Chart图表Column 歹!JComputer trainer 计算机培训员Contextual tab 上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS) 数据库治理系统database manager数据库治理员Design template 设计模板dialog box 对话框Document 文件Editing 编辑Field字段find and replace 查找和替换Font字体font size 字号Form窗体Format格式Formula 公式Function 函数Galleries 图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package 集成组件Label标签master slide 母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list 编号列表numeric entry 数值型输入personal software 个人软件personal suite 个人套装软件Pointer 指针presentation graphic 图形演示文稿productivity suite 生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation 重算Record记录relational database 关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row彳亍Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite 软件套装Sort排序specialized applications 专用应用程序specialized suite 专用套装软件speech recognition 语音识另^ spelling checker 拼写检查器spreadsheet 电子表格system software 系统软件Table 表格text entry 文本输入Thesaurus分类词7匚集Toolbar工具栏user interface 用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis 变化分析Window® 口word processor 文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file 工作簿Worksheet工作表P113.KEY TERMS Animation 动画artificial intelligence (AI) 人工智能artificial reality 虚拟现实audio editing software 音频编辑软件bitmap image 位图blog博客Buttons 按键clip art 剪辑图Desktop publisher 桌面发布desktop publishing program 桌面印刷系统软件drawing program 绘图程序expert systems 专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic 模糊逻辑graphical map 框匿graphics suite 集成图HTML editors HTML 编辑器illustration program 绘图程序Image editors 图像编辑器image gallery 图库immersive experience 沉浸式体验industrial robots 工业机器人Interactivity 交互性knowledge bases 知识库knowledge-based system 知识库系统Link链接mobile robot 移动式遥控装置Morphing 渐变Multimedia 多媒体multimedia authoring programs 多媒体编辑程序page layout program 页面布局程序perception systems robot 感知系统机器人Photo editors 图像编辑器Pixel像素raster image 光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs 照片库story boards 故事版Vector矢量vector illustration 矢量图vector image 矢量图像video editing software 视频编辑软件virtual environments 虚拟环境virtual reality 虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML戏拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall 虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Webauthoring program 网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器商P141.KEY TERMSAdd Printer Wizard 添加打印机向导Antivirus program 反病毒程序Backup备份backup program 备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot 冷启动computer support specialist 计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets 仪表盘Desktop 桌面desktop operating system 桌面操作系统device driver 磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program 诊断程序dialog box 对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter 磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems 嵌入式操作系统File文件program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented 碎片化graphical user interface (GUI) 图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator 语言编译器leopard雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking 多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server 网络效劳器One Button Checkup 一键修复operating system 操作系统Platform 平台Pointer 指针Sectors 扇区software environment 软件环境Spotlight 聚光灯stand-alone operating system 独立操作系统system software 系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Tracks磁道troubleshooting program 故障检修程序Uninstall program 卸载程序UNIX user interface 用户界面Utility 实用程序utility suite 实用套装软件Virus 病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows 更新Windows VistaWindows XPP172.KEY TERMSAC adapter交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP): 图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU :算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation: 算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes: 二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU): 中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician 计算机工程师Control unit: 限制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit: 桌面系统单元Digital 数字的Dual-core chips 双核芯片EBCDIC扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card 扩展卡Expansion slot 扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory 闪存Graphics card 图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor 图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture(ISA)工业标准结构Infrared Data Association(IrDA)红外线传输模组Integrated circuit: 集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation 逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface(MIDI)乐器数字接口Network adapter card 网络适酉己卡Network interface card (NIC)网络接口卡Notebook system unit: 笔t 己本Parallel ports: 并行端口Parallel processing 并行处理Pc card::个人计算机插卡PCI Express (PCIE)Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play: 即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag 射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA (SATA 串行ATAg口规范Serial ports: 串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card 声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit 平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card: 电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB): 通用申行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字P205,KEY TERMS active-matrix monitor 有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader 条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT) 阴极射线管显示器Clarity 清楚度combination key 组合键cordless mouse 无线鼠标data projector 数据投影仪digital camera 数码照相机Digital media player 数字媒体播放器Digital music player 数码音乐播放器digital video camera 数码影像摄录机dot pitch 点品Edot-matrix printer 针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi) 点每英寸dual-scan monitor 双向扫描显示器dumb terminal 哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard 人体工程学键盘Fax machine 机flat-panel monitor 平面显示器Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪flexible keyboard 可变形键盘handwriting recognition software手写识别软件Headphones^ 机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机intelligent terminal 智能终端Internet telephone 网络Internet telephony 网络IP Telephony IP Joystick游戏杆Keyboard 键盘laser printer 激光打ER机light pen 光笔Liquid crystal display (LCD 液晶Magnetic card reader 磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR) 磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse 机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer 鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD) 多功能设备network terminal 网络终端numeric keypad 数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR洸学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR洸:学标记识别optical mouse 光电鼠标Optical scanner 光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor 无源矩阵显小翁PDA keyboard PDA 键盘personal laser printer 个人激光打印机photo printer 照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch 像素间距platform scanner 平版式扫仪Plotter 绘图仪pointing stick 触控点portable printer 便携式打印机portable scanner 便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader 射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification (RFID))射频识别refresh rate 刷新率Resolution 分辨率roller ball 滚动球shared laser printer 共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus输入笔Technical writer 技术文档编写员telephonyTerminal 终端thermal printer 热敏打印机thin client 瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key 切换键touch pad触控板touch screen 触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard 传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC) 同一厂品编码voice-over IP (VOIP) 网络voice recognition system 语音识另^系统wand reader棒式阅读器WebcamS 像头wheel button 滚动键wireless keyboard 无线键盘wireless mouse 无线鼠标P172,KEY TERMS access speed存取速度Blue-Ray (BD 蓝光Capacity 容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CD CD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory 洸:盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable) 可重写CDCylinder 柱面Density 密度direct access 直接存取disk caching 磁盘缓存DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD 播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD®机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DV*读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVD Enterprise storage system 企业存储系统erasable optical disk 可擦光盘文件压缩文件解压缩文件效劳器flash memory card 闪存卡floppy disk 软盘Floppy disk cartridge 软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD) 软磁盘驱动器hard disk 硬盘hard-disk cartridge 硬盘盒hard-disk pack 硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition) 高清high capacity disk 高容量磁盘internal hard disk 内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape 磁带magnetic tape reel 磁带盒magnetic tape streamer 磁带条Media多媒体optical disk 光盘optical disk drive 光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage 组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC 卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage 主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage 辅存Sector扇区sequential access 顺序存取Shutter 滑盖Software engineer 软件工程师solid-state storage 固态存储器storage devices 存储装置 tape cartridge 盒式带 Track 轨道USB drive USB 当区动器 write-protection notch 写入保护缺口字用户线Distributed data processing system 分布式数字处理系统 Distributed processing 分布式处 理Domain name server(DNS)域名效劳 器 Ethernet 以太网External modem 外制调制解调盔 Extranet 外联网 Fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall 防火墙 Global positioningsystem(GPS)全球定位系统P269Hierarchical network 分层网络 Home network 家庭局域网 3G cellular network 3G 移动网络Analog signal 模拟彳 Asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL) 非对称数字用户线Backbone 网络中枢 Bandwidth 带竟 Base station 基站 Bits per second(bps) 比特每秒Bluetooth 蓝牙 Broadband 宽带 Broadcast radio 播送电台 Bus 总线 Bus network 总线网络Cable modem 电缆调制解调盔 Cellularservice 移动 效劳Client 客户端 Client/server network 客户机 / 服务器网站 Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Communication channel 通信通道Communication system 通讯系统 Computer network 计算机网络 Connectivity 连接 Demodulation 解调 Dial-up service拨号上网效劳 Digital signal数子彳营号Digital subscriber line(DSL)数Host computer Hub 集线器 Infrared 红外线Internal modem 内置调制解调盔 Intranet 内网IP address (Internet protocoladdress) IP 地址(互联网协议地址) Local area network(LAN) 局域网Low bandwidth 低带竟 Medium band 中等带直Metropolitan area network ( MAN) 城域网Modulation 调制 Network administrator网络治理员Network architecture 网络架构 Network gateway 网关 Network hub 网络枢纽Network interface card(NIC) 网络 接口卡 Network operating system (NOS)网 络操作系统 Node 节点 Packet 数据包PC card modem PC 卡调制解调盔 Peer-to-peer network 点对点 网 网络(P2PProxy server 代理效劳器Ring network 环网Satellite 卫星Satellite/air connection service 卫星/航空连接效劳Server 效劳器Star network 星网络Strategy 策略T1,T2,T3,T4 lines T1 , T2, T3, T4路线Telephone line 线Terminal network 终端网络Time-sharing system 分时系统Topology 拓扑Transfer rate 传输速率Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP) 传输限制协议/internet 协议(TCP/IP 协议)Voiceband 话音频带Wide area network (WAN) 广域网(WANWi-FI (wireless fidelity) 无线相容性认证Wireless LAN (WLAN) 无线局域网Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless receiver 无线接收器P303Access 访问Accuracy 精度Ad network cookie 网络广告小软件Adware cookie 网络广告小软件Anti-spyware 反间谍软件Biometric scanning 生物识别扫描Bomb炸弹Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合征Chlorofluorocarbones(CFCs) Computer Abuse Amendments Act 计算机滥用法修正案Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer ethics 计算机伦理学Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 计算机欺诈和滥用法Computer monitoring software 电脑监控软件Cookie html浏览器的一小段信息Cryptographer 密码员Cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱Data security 数据平安Denial of service (DoS) attack 拒绝效劳攻击Disaster recovery plan 灾难性恢复方案Electronic monioring 电子监控Electronic profile 电子专页Encrypting 力口密Energy star 能源之星Environment protection 环境保护Ergonomics 工效学Ethics 伦理Financial Modernization Act 金融现代化法案Firewall 防火墙Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法Green PC 绿色PCHacker 黑客History file 历史文件Identity theft 身份盗窃川usion of anonymity 匿名梦想Information broke 信息拦截器Information reseller 经销商信息Internet scam 互联网骗局Keystroke logger 案件记录器Malware恶意软件Mistaken identity 识别错误Password 密码Physical security 实体平安Privacy 隐私Property 属性Repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损伤Repetitive strain injury (RSI) 重复劳损Reverse directory 方向目录Scam 诈骗Security 平安Snoopware监控软件Software copyright Act 软件著作权法Software piracy 间谍软件Spike 尖状物Spy removal program 间谍删除程序Spyware间谍软件Surge protector 浪涌保护器Technostress 重压技术Traditional cookie 传统cookies Trojan horse 木马Virus 病毒Voltage surge 电压浪涌Web bug网络漏洞Worm蠕虫。
计算机专业英语第二版课后翻译答案
Unite 1Section A: 1、artificial intelligence 人工智能2、paper-tape reader 纸带阅读器3、Optical computer 光学计算机4、Neural network 神经网络5、Instruction set 指令集6、Parallel processing 并行处理器7、Difference engine差分机8、Versatile logical element 多用途逻辑元件9、Silicon substrate 硅衬底10、Vaccum tube 真空管11、数据的存储与管理the storage and management of data12、超大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit13、中央处理器central processing unit14、个人计算机personal computer15、模拟计算机analog computer16、数字计算机digital computer17、通用计算机general purpose computer18、处理器芯片processor chip19、操作指令operating instructions20、输入设备input devicesSection B1、artificial neural network 人工智能神经网络2、Computer architecture 计算机体系结构3、Robust computer program 健壮的计算机程序4、Human-computer interface 人机接口5、Knowledge representation 知识代表6、数值分析numerical analysis7、程序设计环境programming environment8、数据结构data structure9、存储和检索信息store and retrieve information10、虚拟现实virtual realityUnit 2Section A：1、function key 功能键2、V oice recognition module 声音识别调制器3、Touch-sensitive region 触敏扫描仪4、Address bus 地址总线5、Flatbed scanner 平板扫描仪6、Dot-matrix printer 矩阵式打印机7、Parallel connection 并行连接8、Cathode ray tube 阴极射线管9、Video game 电子游戏10、Audio signal 音频信号11、操作系统operating system12、液晶显示liquid crystal display13、喷墨打印机inkjet printer14、数据总线data bus15、串行连接serial connection16、易失性存储器volatile memory17、激光打印机laser printer18、磁盘存储器floppy disc19、基本输入输出系统basic input/output system20、视频显示器video displaySection B:1、interrupt handler 中断处理程序2、Virtual memory 虚拟内存3、Context switch 上下文转换4、Main memory 主存5、Bit pattern 位模式6、外围设备peripheral device7、进程表process table8、时间片time slice9、图形用户界面graphics user interface10、海量存储器mass storageUnit 3Section A:1、storage register 存储寄存器2、Function statement 函数语句3、Program statement 程序语句4、Object-oriented language 面向对象语言5、Assembly language 汇编语言6、Intermediate language 中间语言7、Relational language 关系语言8、Artificial language 人工语言9、Data declaration 数据声明10、SQL 结构化查询语言11、可执行程序executable program12、程序模块program module13、条件语句conditional statement14、赋值语句assignment statement15、逻辑语言logic statement16、机器语言machine language17、函数式语言functional language18、程序设计语言programming language19、运行计算机程序run a omputer program20、计算机程序员computer programmerSection B1、native code 本机代码2、Header file 头文件3、Multithreaded program 多线程程序4、Java-enabled browser 支持Java的浏览器5、Mallicious code6、机器码machine code7、汇编码assembly code8、特洛伊木马程序trojan9、软件包software package10、类层次class hierarchyUnit 4Section A1、inference engine 推理机2、System call 系统调用3、Compiled language 编译执行的语言4、Parellel computing 并行计算5、Pattern matching 模式匹配6、Memory location 存储单元7、Interpreter program 解释程序8、Library routine 库程序9、Intermediate program 中间程序10、Source file 源文件11、解释执行的语言interpreted language12、设备驱动程序device driver13、源程序source program14、调试程序debugger15、目标代码object code16、应用程序application program17、实用程序utility program18、逻辑程序logic program19、黑盒ink cartridge20、程序的存储与执行storage and execution of program Section B1、Messaging model 通信模式2、Common language runtime 通用语言运行时刻（环境）3、Hierarchical namespace 分层的名称空间4、Development community 开发社区5、CORBA 公共对象请求代理体系结构6、基本组件basic components7、元数据标记metadata token8、虚拟机VM virtual machine9、集成开发环境IDE（intergrated development environment）10、简单对象访问协议SOAP(simple object access protocol) Unit 5Section A1、system specification 系统规范2、Unit testing 单元测试3、Software life cycle 软件的生命周期4、System validation process 系统验证过程5、Evolutionary development process 进化发展过程6、Simple linear model 简单线性模型7、Program unit 程序单元8、Throwaway prototype 一次性使用原型9、Text formatting 文本格式10、System evolution 系统演变11、系统设计范例paradigm for system design12、需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition13、探索式编程方法exploratory programming approach14、系统文件编制system documentation15、瀑布模型waterfall model16、系统集成system integration17、商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software18、基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineering19、软件维护工具software maintenance tool20、软件复用software reuseSection B1、check box 复选框2、Structured design 结构化设计3、Building block 构建模块4、Database schema 数据库模式5、Radio button 单选按钮6、系统建模技术system modeling techniques7、模型驱动开发MDD(model-driven development)8、数据流程图data flow diagram9、下拉式菜单drop-down10、滚动条scroll barUnit 6Section A1、end user 终端用户2、Atomic operation 原子操作3、Database administrator 数据库管理员4、Relational database model 关系数据库模型5、Local data 本地数据6、Object-oriented database 面向对象的数据库7、Database management system 数据库管理系统8、Entity-relationship model 实体关系模型9、Distributed database 分布式数据库10、Flat file 展开文件11、二维表two-dimensional table12、数据属性data attributes13、数据库对象database object14、存储设备storage device15、数据类型data type16、数据插入与删除insertion and deletion17、层次数据库模型hierarchical18、数据库体系结构database architecture19、关系数据库管理系统ralational database management system20、全局控制总线global control busSection B1、nonvolatile storage system 易失性存储系统2、Equitment malfunction 设备故障3、Wound-wait protocol 损伤等待协议4、Exclusive lock 排它锁5、Database integrity 数据库完整性6、共享锁shared lock7、数据库实现database implementation8、级联回滚cascading rollback9、数据项data item10、分时操作系统time sharing operating system ;Unit 7Section A1、microwave radio 微波无线电2、digital television 数字电视3、DSL 数字用户线路4、analog transmission 模拟传输5、on-screen pointer 屏幕上的指针6、computer terminal 计算机终端7、radio telephone 无线电话8、cellular telephone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机9、decentralized network 分散型网络10、wire-based internal network 基于导线的内部网络，有线内部网11、光缆fiber-optic cable12、传真机fax machine13、线通信wireless communications14、点对点通信point-to-point communications15、调制电脉冲modulated electrical impulse16、通信卫星communication(s) satellite17、电报电键telegraph key18、传输媒体transmission medium (或media)19、无绳电话cordless telephone20、金属导体metal conductorSection B1、bit map 位图2、parallel port 并行端口3、direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取4、universal serial bus 通用串行总线5、general-purpose register 通用寄存器6、电路板circuit board7、串行通信serial communication8、数码照相机digital camera9、存储映射输入/输出memory-mapped I/O10、有线电视cable televisionUnit 8Section A1、file server 文件服务器2、carrier sense 载波检测3、Protocol suite 协议族4、Peer-to-peer model 点对点模型5、bus topology network 总线拓扑网络6、inter-machine cooperation 计算机间合作7、Ethernet protocol collection 以太网协作集8、Proprietary network 专有网络9、utility package 实用软件包10、star network 星形网络11、局域网local area network (LAN)12、令牌环token ring13、无线网络wireless network14、封闭式网络closed network15、环形拓扑网络ring topology16、客户/服务机模型client/server model17、网络应用程序network application18、进程间通信interprocess communication19、打印服务机printer server20、广域网wide area networkSection B1、routing path 路由选择通路2、dual-ring topology 双环形拓扑结构3、extended star topology 扩展星形拓扑结构4、backbone network 基干网，骨干网5、mesh topology网络拓扑结构6、同轴电缆coaxial cable7、逻辑拓扑结构logical topology8、无冲突连网环境collision-free networking environment9、树形拓扑结构tree topology10、目的地节点destination nodeUnit 9Section A1、cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2、IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3、autonomous system 自主系统4、dial-up connection 拨号连接5、network identifier 网络标识符6、binary notation 二进制记数法7、mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8、Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9、name server 名称服务器10、Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11、助记地址mnemonic address12、网吧cyber cafe13、宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14、顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15、因特网编址Internet addressing16、点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17、因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18、专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19、主机地址host address20、硬件与软件支持hardware and software support Section B1、incoming message 来报，到来的报文2、application layer 应用层3、utility software 实用软件4、sequence number （顺）序号，序列号5、remote login capabilities 远程登录能力6、端口号port number7、软件例程software routine8、传输层transport layer9、文件传送协议FTP（File Transfer Protocol）10、万维网浏览器Web browserUnit 10Section A1、mailing list 邮件发送清单，邮件列表2、proprietary software 专有软件3、cc line 抄送行4、bcc line 密送行5、forwarded e-mail messages 转发的电子邮件6、e-mail convention 电子邮件常规7、click on an icon 点击图标8、confidential document 密件，秘密文件9、classified information 密级信息10、recovered e-mail message 恢复的电子邮件11、常用情感符commonly used emoticon12、已删除电子邮件deleted e-mail13、电子系统electronic system14、附件行Attachments line15、版权法copyright law16、电子邮件网规e-mail netiquette17、信息高速公路information superhighway18、签名文件signature file19、电子数据表程序spreadsheet program20、文字处理软件word processorSection B1、web-authoring software 网络写作软件2、template generator 模版生成程序3、navigation page 导航页面4、corporate logo 公司标识5、splash page 醒目页面，过渡页6、导航条navigation bar7、节点页面node page8、网站地图site map9、可用性测试usability testing10、图形交换格式gif（Graphics Interchange Format）Unit 11Section A1、customized marketing strategy 定制的营销策略2、B2G transaction 企业对政府交易3、mobile telephone 移动电话4、dot-com bust 网络不景气5、smart card 智能卡，灵巧卡6、digital piracy 数字盗版7、dot-com boom 网络繁荣8、C2C transaction 消费者对消费者交易9、Web auction site 拍卖网站10、fingerprint reader 指纹读取器11、射频识别装置radio-frequency identification (RFID) device12、电子数据交换electronic data interchange (EDI)13、库存管理技术inventory management technology14、知识产权intellectual property15、条形码bar code16、货币兑换currency conversion17、电子图书electronic book18、视网膜扫描仪retina scanner19、个人数字助理personal digital assistant (PDA)20、企业对企业电子商务B2B electronic commerceSection B1、software suite 软件套件2、text box 文本框3、virtual checkout counter 虚拟付款台4、static catalog 静态目录5、browser session 浏览器会话期6、动态目录dynamic catalog7、购物车软件shopping cart software8、供应链supply chain9、企业资源计划软件enterprise resource planning (ERP) software10、税率tax rateUnit 12Section A1、encryption program 加密程序2、deletion command 删除命令3、authorized user 授权的用户4、backup copy 备份5、voltage surge 电压浪涌6、circuit breaker 断路器7、electronic component 电子元件（或部件）8、data-entry error 数据输入错误9、electronic break-in 电子入侵10、power line 电力线，输电线11、检测程序detection program12、电源power source13、破坏性计算机程序destructive computer program14、计算机病毒computer virus15、软件侵权software piracy16、硬盘驱动器hard-disk drive17、病毒检查程序virus checker18、主存储器primary storage19、电子公告板electronic bulletin board20、浪涌电压保护器surge protectorSection B1、phishing attack 网络钓鱼攻击2、graphics card 显（示）卡3、heuristic analysis 试探性分析4、infected file 被感染文件5、virus dictionary 病毒字典6、数据捕获data capture7、恶意软件malicious software8、病毒特征代码virus signature9、防病毒软件antivirus software10、内存驻留程序memory-resident program。
计算机专业英语的第四版课后习题翻译
中译英参考答案Unit 1A computer system consists of hardware system and software system. The hardware of the computer is usually divided into three major parts or three primary subsystems: the CPU, the memory subsystem, and the I/O subsystem.The CPU performs many operations and controls computer. The memory subsystem is used to store program being executed by the CPU, along with the program’s data. The I/O subsystem allows the CPU to interact with input and output devices such as the keyboard and monitor of a personal computer. The components of the computer are connected to the buses.The part of the computer that performs the bulk of data processing operations is called the central processing unit and is referred to as the CPU. In microcomputer, it is often called the microprocessor. The CPU is made up of three major parts: control unit, ALU, and register set.Memory is also known as internal memory or main memory. It refers to the circuits in the computer that hold whatever programs and data are available for immediate use by the CPU.I/O subsystem includes I/O devices and interface. There are a wide variety of I/O devices, such as mouse, printer, sensor, disk, and so on. Input-output interface provides a method for transferring information between internal storage and external I/O devices. Peripherals connected to a computer need special communication links for interfacing them with the CPU. The purpose of the communication link is to resolve the differences that exist between the central computer and each peripheral.Unit 2Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by the computer. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly.Although fixed hard drive systems offer faster access and have a higher storage capacity than optical discs, optical disc systems use removable media – a distinct benefit. Optical discs – primary CDs and DVDs – are much more widely used than removable hard drive systems. They are the standard today for software delivery, as well as commonly used for storing high-capacity music and video files. There are also versions of both CD and DVD drives available for home audio and home theater use. Optical discs are commonly referred to as compact discs.CD and DVD discs are read by CD and DVD drives. The speed of a CD or DVD drive is rated as 24x, 32x, 36x, and so on. These labels describe how fast the drive is compared to the first version of that drive. For example, a 36x drive is 36 times the speed of the baseline unit that was originally manufactured.Most optical discs have a title and other text printed only on one side and they are inserted into the drive with the printed side facing up. When inserting such a CD or DVD, be careful not to get dirt, fingerprints, scratches, or anything else that might hinder light reflectivity on the disc’s surface.Unit 3(a) A program is a list of instructions or statements for directing the computer to perform a required data processing task. Programming is a multistep process for creating that list of instructions.(b) It is important to understand the difference between a class and an object of that class. A class is simply a specification for creating objects. Thus, a single class may create multiple objects.(c) Java is an object-oriented, network-friendly high-lever programming language that allows programmers to build applications that can run on almost any operating system.(d) ActiveX is a set of controls, or reusable components that enables programs or content of almost any type to be embedded within a Web page. Whereas a Java must be downloaded each time you visit a Web site, with ActiveX the component is downloaded only once, then stored on your hard disk for later, repeated use.(e) Programming involves a great deal of creativity. The design is guide to the function or purpose of each component, but the programmer has great flexibility in implementing the design as code. No matter what language is used, each program component involves at least three major aspects: control structures, algorithms, and data structures.Unit 4The software system can be divided into two broad categories: application software and system software. Application software consists of the program for performing tasks particular to the machine’s utilization. In contrast to application software, system software comprises a large number of programs. These programs start up the computer and function as the principle coordinator of all hardware components and application software. Without system software loaded into RAM of your computer, your hardware and application software are useless.System software can be grouped into three basic parts: operating system, utility software, and language translators. The majority of an installation’s utility software consists of programs for performing activities that are fundamental to computer installations yet not included in the operating system. In a sense, utility software consists of software units that extend the capabilities of the operating system.A computer’s OS is the main collection of programs that manage its activities.The primary chores of an OS are management and control. The OS ensures that all actions requested by a user are valid and processed in an orderly fashion. It also manages the computer system’s resources to perform these operations with efficiency and consistency.Application software is the software designed to help you solve problems specific to business or perform specific business tasks. Application software then is the layer of software closest to you. Basically, there are four categories of application software: productivity software, business and specialty software, entertainment software and education/reference software.Unit 5A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (WAN), or a wide area network (WAN). The connection of two or more networks is called an internetwork. The worldwide Internet is a well-known example of an internetwork.LANs are privately owned networks within a single building or campus of up to a few kilometers in size. They are widely used to connect personal computers and workstations in company offices and factories to share resources and exchange information.In general, a given LAN will use only one type of transmission medium. Various topologies are possible for LANs. The most common LAN topologies are bus, ring and star.A MAN is basically a bigger version of a LAN and normally uses similar technology. MAN is designed to extend over an entire city. It may be a single network such as a cable television network, or it may be a means of connecting a number of LANs into a large network so that resources may be shared LAN-to-LAN as well as device-to-device. For example, a company can use a MAN to connect the LANs in all of its offices throughout a city.A W AN spans a large geographical area that may comprise a country, a continent, or even the world. It provides long-distance transmission of data, voice, image, and video information over large geographical area.In contrast to LANs, W ANs may utilize public leased, or private communication devices, usually in combinations, and can therefore span an unlimited number of miles.Unit 6Transmission media are used to transfer messages over a network. For instance, the transmission media used in a network may be a privately owned set of cables, the public phone lines, or a satellite system. Transmission media can either be wired or wireless.The three types of wired media most commonly used to carry messages are twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, and fiber-optic cable. One of the most successful developments in transmission media in recent years has been fiber optics. Fiber-optic cable is commonly used for the high-speed backbone lines of a network, or for Internet infrastructure.Wireless transmission media have become especially popular in recent years. They support communications in situations in which physical wiring is impractical or inconvenient, as well as facilitate mobility. Wireless media are commonly used to connect devices to a network, to share information between computers, to connect wireless mice to a computer, and for handheld PCs, wireless phones, and other mobile devices. Radio signals transferred through the air are the heart of most types of wireless media. In addition to conventional broadcast radio application, the microwave, cellular, and satellite transmission media also use radio signals to transmit data.Radio transmissions require the use of a transmitter to send the radio signals through the air. A receiver (usually containing some type of antenna) accepts the date at the other end. When a device functions as both a receiver and transmitter, it is commonly called a transceiver or transmitter-receiver.Unit 7(a) Since many database systems users are not computer trained, developers hide the complexity from users through several levels of abstraction, to simplify user’s interactions with the system: physical level, logical level, and view level.(b) A database schema is specified by a set of definitions expressed by a special language called a data-definition language (DDL). The result of compilation of DDL statements is a set of tables that is stored in a special file called data dictionary, or data directory.(c) The structured query language (SQL) is the most widely used and standard query language for relational database management systems. It is a kind of non-procedural language.(d) An entity is a “thing” or “object” in the real world that is distinguishable from other objects. For example, each person is an entity, and bank accounts can be considered to be entities. Entities are described in a database by a set of attributes.(e) Data warehouse is one of the newest and hottest buzzwords and concepts in the IT field and the business environment. A data warehouse is a logical collection of information——gathered from many different operational databases——that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks.Unit 8Animation is the term used to describe a series of graphical images that are displayed one after the other to simulate movement. Cartoons on television are one example of animation.Video differs from animation in that it usually begins as a continuous stream of visual information that is broken into separate images or frames when the video is recorded. When the frames are projected—typically at a rate of 30 frames per second—the effect is a smooth reconstruction of the original continuous stream of information. As you might imagine, at 30 frames per second, the amount of data involved in displaying a video during a multimedia presentation can require a substantial amount of storage space. Consequently, video data—like audio data—is often compressed. A variety of compression standards exist. Some of the most common video file formats are .avi, .mpeg, .mov, .rm.For multimedia presentation, video may be recorded using a standard (analog) video camera and then converted to digital form as it is input into a computer. Alternatively, the film can be recording digitally using a digital video camera. Streaming video is frequently used on Web pages to reduce file size. Similar to streaming audio, Streaming video files can begin playing once a portion of the video has been downloaded.Unit 9(a) AI is currently being applied in business in the form of knowledge systems, which use human knowledge to solve problems. The most popular type of knowledge-based system is the expert system. An expert system is a computer program that attempts to represent the knowledge of human experts in the form of heuristics. The term heuristic is derived from the same Greek root as the word eureka, which means “to discover”.(b) The user interface enables the manager to enter instructions and information into the expert system and to receive information from it. The instructions specify the parameters that guide the expert system through its reasoning processing. The information is in the form of values assigned to certain variables.(c) The knowledge base contains both facts that describe the problem area and knowledge representation techniques that describe how the facts fit together in a logical manner. The term problem domain is used to describe the problem area.(d) An expert system, also called a knowledge-based system, is an artificial intelligence system that applies reasoning capabilities to reach a conclusion. Expert systems are excellent for diagnostic and prescriptive problems.(e) The DSS is not intended to replace the manager. The computer can be applied to the structured portion of the problem, but the manager is responsible for the unstructured portion——applying judgment or intuition and conducting analyses.Unit 10The linked list (see figure 1) consists of a series of nodes, which are not necessarily adjacent in memory. Each node contains the element and a link to a node containing its successor. We call this the next link. The last cell’s next link references null.To execute printList or find(x) we merely start at the first node in the list and then traverse the list by following the next links. This operation is clearly linear-time, as in the array implementation, although the constant is likely to be larger than if an array implementation were used. The findKth operation is no longer quite as efficient as an array implementation; findKth(i) takes O(i) time and works by traversing down the list in the obvious manner. In practice, this bound is pessimistic, because frequently the calls to findKth are in sorted order (by i). As an example, findKth(2), findKth(3), findKth(4), and findKth(6) can all be executed in one scan down the list.The remove method can be executed in one next reference change. Figure 2 shows the result of deleting the second element in the original list.The insert method requires obtaining a new node from the system by using a new call and then executing two reference maneuvers. The general idea is shown in figure 3. The dashed line represents the old next reference.Unit 11(a) A set is pure if all of its members are sets, all members of its members are sets, and so on. For example, the set containing only the empty set is a nonempty pure set.(b) A language is a describable set of finite strings, drawn from a fixed alphabet. A grammar is one way to "describe" the language. The grammar consists of a finite list of rules, where each rule replaces one substring with another. The string on the left must contain at least one nonterminal. The first string "produces" or "generates" the second. Thus a rule is also called a production.(c) A finite-state machine (FSM) or finite-state automaton（FA）is a mathematical abstraction sometimes used to design digital logic or computer programs. It is a behavior model composed of a finite number of states, transitions between those states, and actions, similar to a flow graph in which one can inspect the way logic runs when certain conditions are met.(d) Sometimes it is inconvenient or impossible to describe a set by listing all of its elements. Another useful way to define a set is by specifying a property that the elements of the set have in common. The notation P(x) is used to denote a sentence or statementP concerning the variable object x. The set defined by P(x) written {x | P(x)}, is just a collection of all the objects for which P is true.Unit 12(a) Because drawings are typically displayed in 3D, CAD is especially helpful in designing automobiles, aircraft, ships, buildings, electrical circuits (including computer chips), and even clothing.(b) Computer-integrated manufacturing (CIM) is the manufacturing approach of using computers to control the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions. Through the integration of computers, manufacturing can be faster and less error-prone, although the main advantage is the ability to create automated manufacturing processes.(c) In addition to supporting decision making, coordination, and control, information system may also help managers and workers analyze problems, visualize complex subjects, and create new products.(d) Knowing the history and evolution of ERP is essential to understanding its current application and its future developments.(e) In addition to monitoring operational activities such as tracking the status of orders and inventory levels, enterprise system also improve organization-wide reporting and decision making.Unit 13(a) There are a wide variety of educational application programs available. Educational software is designed to teach one or more skills, such as reading, math, spelling, a foreign language, world geography, or to help prepare for standardized tests.(b) Electronic business (e-business) is the use of information technology and electronic communication networks to exchange business information and conduct transactions in electronic, paperless form.(c) Word processing software allows you to use computers to create, edit, store, and print documents. You can easily insert, delete, and move words, sentences, and paragraphs——without ever using an eraser.(d) What is a spreadsheet? Spreadsheet software takes its name from the accountant’s columnar worksheet, which it imitates. A spreadsheet is a worksheet consisting of a collection of cells formed by the intersection of rows and columns. Each cell can store one piece of information: a number, word or phrase, or formula.Unit 14(a) A geographic information system (GIS) is a system that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data with reference to geographic location data. In the simplest terms, GIS is the merging of cartography, statistical analysis and database technology.(b) The GPS receiver uses the messages it receives to determine the transit time of each message and computes the distance to each satellite. These distances along with the satellites' locations are used to compute the position of the receiver. This position is then displayed, perhaps with a moving map display or latitude and longitude; elevation information may be included.(c) Virtual reality (VR) is a term that applies to computer-simulated environments that can simulate physical presence in the real world. Most current virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic displays, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers or headphones.Unit 15(a) The software development process is sometimes called the software development life cycle (SDLC), because it describes the life of a software product from its conception to its implementation, delivery, use, and maintenance.(b) How can the CMM help your organization? There are three key roles the CMM plays. First, the CMM helps build an understanding of software process by describing the practices that contribute to a level of process maturity. The second role of the CMM is to provide a consistent basis for conducting appraisals of software processes. The CMM’s third key role is to serve as a blueprint for software process improvement.(c) The UML offers a standard way to write a system’s blueprints, including conceptual things such as business processes and system functions as well as concrete things such as programming language statements, database schemas, and reusable software components. The UML represents a collection of the best engineering practices that have proven successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.(d) Object modeling is a technique for identifying objects within the system environment and the relationships between those objects. The object-oriented approach to system development is based on several concepts, such as object, attribute, behavior, encapsulation, class, inheritance, polymorphism, persistence, etc.Unit 16“Security” is an all-encompassing term that describes all the concepts, techniques, and technologies to protect information from unauthorized access. There are several requirements for information security.Confidentiality: hiding data, usually with encryption, to prevent unauthorized viewing and access.Authenticity: the ability to know that the person or system you are communicating with is who or what you think it is.Access control: once a person or system has been authenticated, their ability to access data and use systems is determined by access controls.Data integrity: providing assurance that an information system or data is genuine.Availability: making sure that information is available to users in a secure way.To prevent unauthorized access, some type of identification procedure must be used. These vary from passwords to physical access object (access cards, etc.) to biometric devices that verify some type of personal characteristic, such as a fingerprint.Some of the most secure access control systems address both identification and authentication. Identification involves verifying that the person’s name or other identifying feature is listed as an authorized user; authentication refers to determining whether or not the person is actually who he or she claims to be.Unit 17A distributed system is a collection of independent computers which appear to the users of system as a single computer. Nearly all large software systems are distributed. For example, enterprise-wide business systems must support multiple users running common applications across different sites.A distributed system encompasses a variety of applications, their underlying support software, the hardware they run on, and the communication links connecting the distributed hardware. The largest and best-known distributed system is the set of computers, software, and services comprising the World Wide Web, which is so pervasive that it coexists with and connects to most other existing distributed systems. The most common distributed systems are networked client/server systems. Distributed systems share the general properties described below.●Multiple nodes●Message passing or communication●Resource sharing●Decentralized control●Concurrency or parallelism●Fault tolerance●Heterogeneity●OpennessDistributed systems have many inherent advantages, especially over centralized systems. Some applications are inherent distributed as well. In general, distributed systems:●Yield higher performance●Allow incremental growth●Allow one user to run a program on many different machines in parallel ●Provide higher reliability● .●●。
计算机专业英语翻译及课后答案
计算机专业英语翻译及课后答案Unit Nine: The InternetUnit Nine/Section AI. Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text:1. research2. ICANN或the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers3. router; gateway4. temporary/dial-up; permanent/dedicated5. ISP或Internet service provider6. network; host7. decimal8. mnemonicII. Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa:1. cell phone 蜂窝电话，移动电话，手机2. IP address 网际协议地址，IP地址3. autonomous system 自主系统4. dial-up connection 拨号连接5. network identifier 网络标识符6. binary notation 二进制记数法7. mnemonic name 助记名，缩写名8. Internet-wide directory system 因特网范围的目录系统9. name server 名称服务器10. Internet infrastructure 因特网基础结构11. 助记地址mnemonic address12. 网吧cyber cafe13. 宽带因特网访问broadband Internet access14. 顶级域名top-level domain (TLD)15. 因特网编址Internet addressing16. 点分十进制记数法dotted decimal notation17. 因特网服务提供商Internet service provider (ISP)18. 专用因特网连接dedicated Internet connection19. 主机地址host address20. 硬件与软件支持hardware and software supportIII. Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary:Early computer networks used leased telephone company lines for their connections. Telephone company systems of that time established a single connection between sender and receiver for each telephone call, and that connection carried all data along a single path. Whena company wanted to connect computers it owned at two different locations, the company placed a telephone call to establish the connection, and then connected one computer to eachend of that single connection.The U. S. Defense Department was concerned about the inherent risk of thissingle-channel method for connecting computers, and its researchers developed a differentmethod of sending information through multiple channels. In this method, files and messagesare broken into packets that are labeled electronically with codes for their origins, sequences,and destinations. In 1969, Defense Department researchers in the Advanced Research ProjectsAgency (ARPA) used this network model to connect four computers into a network called theARPANET. The ARPANET was the earliest of the networks that eventually combined to become what we now call the Internet. Throughout the 1970s and 1980s, many researchers in the academic community connected to the ARPANET and contributed to the technological developments that increased its speed and efficiency.IV. Translate the following passage from English into Chinese: 因特网只是提供了将许许多多的计算机连接在一起的物理与逻辑基础结构。
计算机专业英语词汇翻译
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P21.KEY TERMSapplication software 应用软件basic application 基本应用软件communication device通信设备compact disc (CD) 光盘computer competency计算机能力connectivity连通性data数据database file数据库文件desktop computer台式计算机device driver磁盘驱动程序digital versatile disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘digital video disc（DVD）数字多用途光盘document file文档文件end user终端用户floppy disk软盘handheld computer手持计算机hard disk硬盘hardware硬件high definition高清Information信息information system信息系统information technology信息技术input device输入设备Internet因特网keyboard键盘mainframe computer主机；电脑存储机memory内存microcomputer微型机microprocessor微处理器midrange computer中型机minicomputer小型计算机modem调制解调器monitor监视器mouse鼠标network网络notebook computer笔记本电脑operating system操作系统optical disk光盘output device输出设备palm computer掌上电脑people用户personal digital assistant（PDA）个人数字助理presentation file演示文稿primary storage主存printer打印机procedure规程program程序random access memory随机存储器secondary storage device辅存software软件specialized application专门应用软件supercomputer巨型机system software系统软件system unit系统单元tablet PC平板电脑utility实用程序wireless revolution无线革命worksheet file工作表P53.KEY TERMSaddress 地址Advanced Research Project Agency Network（ARPANET）高级研究项目署的网络applets 小型应用程序attachment 附件auction house site 拍卖行网站browser 浏览器business-to-business（B2B）企业对企业的电子商务模式business-to-consumer（B2C）企业对消费者的电子商务模式cable 电缆carder信用卡诈骗的人Center for European Nuclear Research（CERN）欧洲核子研究委员会computer virus 计算机病毒consumer-to-consumer（C2C）消费者对消费者的电子商务模式dial-up 拨号digital cash 数字现金directory search 目录检索domain name 域名downloading 下载DSL 数字用户e-commerce 电子商务e-learning 电子学习electronic commerce 电子商务electronic mail 电子邮件e-mail 电子邮件file transfer protocol（FTP）文件传输协议filter 过滤器friend 支元header 标题hit 检索的结果hyperlink 超链接Hypertext Markup Language（HTML）超文本标记语言instant messaging（IM）即时通讯Internet 因特网Internet security suite 网络安全套件Java 面向对象程序设计keyword search 关键词检索link 链接location 存储单元message 信息metasearch engine 元搜索引擎national service provider 国家服务提供商online 在线online banking 网上银行online shopping 网上购物online stock trading 网上证券交易person-to-person auction site 人际拍卖网站plug-in 插件protocol 协议search engine 搜索引擎search service 搜索服务signature line 签名线social networking 社交网络spam 垃圾邮件spam blocker 垃圾邮件拦截器specialized search engine 专业搜索引擎spider 网络爬虫subject 主题surf 冲浪top-level domain 顶级域名uniform resource locator（URL）统一资源定位器universal instant messenger 通用即时信息软件uploading 上传Web 网站Web auction 网上拍卖Web-based application 网络应用Web-based service 网络服务Webmaster 网络管理员；站长Web page 网页Web utility 网络工具wireless modem 无限路由器wireless service provider 无线上网服务P85.KEY TERMSanalytical graph分析图application software应用软件AutoContent Wizard内容提示向导basic applications基础应用软件bulleted list项目符号列表business suite商业套装软件Button按键Cell单元格character effect字效Chart图表Column列Computer trainer计算机培训员Contextual tab上下文标签Database数据库database management system (DBMS)数据库管理系统database manager数据库管理员Design template设计模板dialog box对话框Document文件Editing编辑Field字段find and replace查找和替换Font字体font size字号Form窗体Format格式Formula公式Function函数Galleries图库grammar checker语法检查器graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面home software家庭软件home suite家庭套装软件Icons图标integrated package集成组件Label标签master slide母板Menu菜单menu bar菜单栏numbered list编号列表numeric entry数值型输入personal software个人软件personal suite个人套装软件Pointer指针presentation graphic图形演示文稿productivity suite生产力套装软件Query查询Range范围Recalculation重算Record记录relational database关系型数据Report报表Ribbons功能区、格式栏Row行Sheet工作表Slide幻灯片software suite软件套装Sort排序specialized applications专用应用程序specialized suite专用套装软件speech recognition语音识别spelling checker拼写检查器spreadsheet电子表格system software系统软件Table表格text entry文本输入Thesaurus分类词汇集Toolbar工具栏user interface用户界面utility suite实用套装软件what-if analysis变化分析Window窗口word processor文字处理软件word wrap字回行workbook file工作簿Worksheet工作表P113.KEY TERMSAnimation动画artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能artificial reality虚拟现实audio editing software音频编辑软件bitmap image位图blog博客Buttons按键clip art剪辑图Desktop publisher桌面发布desktop publishing program桌面印刷系统软件drawing program绘图程序expert systems专家系统Flash动画fuzzy logic模糊逻辑graphical map框图graphics suite集成图HTML editors HTML编辑器illustration program绘图程序Image editors图像编辑器image gallery图库immersive experience沉浸式体验industrial robots工业机器人Interactivity交互性knowledge bases知识库knowledge-based system知识库系统Link链接mobile robot移动式遥控装置Morphing渐变Multimedia多媒体multimedia authoring programs多媒体编辑程序page layout program页面布局程序perception systems robot感知系统机器人Photo editors图像编辑器Pixel像素raster image光栅图像Robot机器人Robotics机器人学stock photographs照片库story boards故事版Vector矢量vector illustration矢量图vector image矢量图像video editing software视频编辑软件virtual environments虚拟环境virtual reality虚拟现实virtual reality modeling language (VRML)虚拟现实建模语言virtual reality wall虚拟现实墙VR虚拟现实Web authoring网络编程Web authoring program网络编辑程序Web log网络日志Web page editor网页编辑器商P141.KEY TERMS Add Printer Wizard添加打印机向导Antivirus program反病毒程序Backup备份backup program备份程序Booting启动、引导cold boot冷启动computer support specialist计算机支持专家Dashboard widgets仪表盘Desktop桌面desktop operating system桌面操作系统device driver磁盘驱动程序diagnostic program诊断程序dialog box对话框Disk Cleanup磁盘清理Disk Defragmenter磁盘碎片整理器Driver驱动器embedded operating systems嵌入式操作系统File文件file compression program文件压缩程序Folder文件夹Fragmented碎片化graphical user interface (GUI)图形用户界面Help帮助Icon图标language translator语言编译器leopard雪豹操作系统LinuxMac OS Mac操作系统Mac OS XMenu菜单Multitasking多任务处理network operating systems(NOS)网络操作系统network server网络服务器One Button Checkup一键修复operating system操作系统Platform平台Pointer指针Sectors扇区software environment软件环境Spotlight聚光灯stand-alone operating system独立操作系统system software系统软件Tiger老虎操作系统Tracks磁道troubleshooting program故障检修程序Uninstall program卸载程序UNIXuser interface用户界面Utility实用程序utility suite实用套装软件Virus 病毒warm boot热启动Window视窗Windows视窗操作系统Windows Update Windows更新Windows VistaWindows XP P172.KEY TERMSAC adapter 交流适配器Accelerated graphics port(AGP):图形加速端口Arithmetic-logic unit（ALU）:算术逻辑单元Arithmetic operation:算术运算ASCII美国标准信息交换码Binary coding schemes:二进制编码制Bit:位Bus:总线Bus line:总线Byte:字节Cable:电缆Cache memory:高速缓存carrier package 封装物Central processing unit (CPU):中央处理器Chip:芯片Clock speed时钟速度Complementary metal-oxide semiconductor:互补金属氧化物半导体Computer technician计算机工程师Control unit:控制单元Coprocessor协处理器Desktop system unit:桌面系统单元Digital数字的Dual-core chips双核芯片EBCDIC:扩展二进制编码的十进制交换码Expansion bus扩展总线Expansion card扩展卡Expansion slot扩展槽FireWire port:火线接口Flash memory闪存Graphics card图形适配卡Graphics coprocessor图形协处理器Handheld computer system unit 手持计算机系统单元Industry standard architecture （ISA）工业标准结构Infrared Data Association （IrDA）红外线传输模组Integrated circuit:集成电路Laptop computer膝式计算机Logical operation逻辑运算Microprocessor:微处理器Motherboard:主板Musical instrument digital interface（MIDI）乐器数字接口Network adapter card网络适配卡Network interface card（NIC）网络接口卡Notebook system unit:笔记本Parallel ports:并行端口Parallel processing并行处理Pc card: :个人计算机插卡PCI Express（PCIE）Peripheral component interconnect (PCI):外围部件互联Personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理Plug and play:即插即用Port:端口Power supply unit 供电设备Processor:处理器RAM cache: RAM高速缓存Random-access memory (RAM):随机存储器Read-only memory (ROM):只读存储器RFID tag 射频识别标签Semiconductor:半导体serial ATA（SATA）串行ATA接口规范Serial ports:串行端口Silicon chip:硅芯片Slot:插槽Smart card:智能卡sound card声卡System board:系统板System cabinet:主机System clock:系统时钟System unit:系统单元tablet PC平板式电脑tablet PC system unit平板式电脑系统单元TV tuner card:电视调频卡Unicode:统一字符编码标准Universal serial bus (USB):通用串行总线Universal serial bus (USB) port:通用串行总线端口Virtual memory:虚拟存储器Word:字P205.KEY TERMS active-matrix monitor有源矩阵显示器bar code条形码bar code reader条形码阅读器cathode ray tube monitor (CRT)阴极射线管显示器Clarity清晰度combination key组合键cordless mouse无线鼠标data projector数据投影仪digital camera数码照相机Digital media player数字媒体播放器Digital music player数码音乐播放器digital video camera数码影像摄录机dot pitch点距dot-matrix printer针式打印机dots-per-inch (dpi)点每英寸dual-scan monitor双向扫描显示器dumb terminal哑终端e-book电子图书阅读器ergonomic keyboard人体工程学键盘Fax machine传真机flat-panel monitor平面显示器Flatbed scanner平板扫描仪flexible keyboard可变形键盘handwriting recognition software 手写识别软件Headphones耳机high-definition television (HDTV)高清电视ink-jet printer喷墨打印机intelligent terminal智能终端Internet telephone网络电话Internet telephony网络电话IP Telephony IP电话Joystick游戏杆Keyboard键盘laser printer激光打印机light pen光笔Liquid crystal display（LCD）液晶显示器Magnetic card reader磁卡阅读器magnetic-ink character recognition (MICR)磁性墨水字符识别mechanical mouse机械鼠标Monitor显示器Mouse鼠标mouse pointer鼠标指针multifunction device (MFD)多功能设备network terminal网络终端numeric keypad数字小键盘optical-character recognition (OCR)光学字符识别optical-mark recognition (OMR)光学标记识别optical mouse光电鼠标Optical scanner光电扫描仪passive-matrix monitor无源矩阵显示器PDA keyboard PDA键盘personal laser printer个人激光打印机photo printer照片打印机picture elements 有效像素Pixel像素Pixel pitch像素间距platform scanner平版式扫描仪Plotter绘图仪pointing stick触控点portable printer便携式打印机portable scanner便携式扫描仪Printer打印机Radio frequency card reader射频卡阅读器Radio frequency identification （RFID）射频识别refresh rate刷新率Resolution分辨率roller ball滚动球shared laser printer共享激光打印机Speakers扬声器Stylus 输入笔Technical writer技术文档编写员telephony电话Terminal终端thermal printer热敏打印机thin client瘦客户端thin film transistor monitor (TFT)薄膜晶体管显示器toggle key切换键touch pad触控板touch screen触摸屏Trackball轨迹球traditional keyboard传统键盘Universal Product Code (UPC)同一产品编码voice-over IP (VOIP)网络电话voice recognition system语音识别系统wand reader棒式阅读器Webcam摄像头wheel button滚动键wireless keyboard无线键盘wireless mouse无线鼠标P172.KEY TERMS access speed存取速度Blue-Ray（BD）蓝光Capacity容量CD (compact disc)光盘CD-R (CD-recordable)可录式CDCD-ROM (compact disc-read only memory)光盘库CD-RW (compact disc rewritable)可重写CDCylinder柱面Density密度direct access直接存取disk caching磁盘缓存DVD (digital versatile disc or digital video disc)DVD player DVD播放器DVD- R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD +R (DVD recordable)可录式DVD DVD-RAM(DVD random-access memory)DVD随机存取器DVD-ROM(DVD random-read-only memory)DVD只读存储器DVD-ROM jukeboxDVD-RW (DVD rewritable)可重写DVD Enterprise storage system企业存储系统erasable optical disk可擦光盘file compression文件压缩file decompression文件解压缩File server文件服务器flash memory card闪存卡floppy disk软盘Floppy disk cartridge软盘盒floppy disk drive (FDD)软磁盘驱动器hard disk硬盘hard-disk cartridge硬盘盒hard-disk pack硬盘组HD DVD(high-definition DVD)高清DVDhead crash磁头碰撞Hi def(high definition)高清high capacity disk高容量磁盘internal hard disk内置硬盘Internet hard drive网络硬盘驱动器Label标签Land平地magnetic tape磁带magnetic tape reel磁带盒magnetic tape streamer磁带条Media多媒体optical disk光盘optical disk drive光盘驱动器Organizational Internet storage组织性网络存储PC Card hard disk PC卡硬盘Pit坑primary storage主存RAID system磁碟阵列系统Redundant array of inexpensive disks(RAID)廉价磁盘冗余阵列secondary storage辅存Sector扇区sequential access顺序存取Shutter滑盖Software engineer软件工程师solid-state storage固态存储器storage devices存储装置tape cartridge盒式带Track轨道USB drive USB驱动器write-protection notch写入保护缺口P2693G cellular network 3G移动网络Analog signal 模拟信号Asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL) 非对称数字用户线Backbone 网络中枢Bandwidth 带宽Base station 基站Bits per second(bps) 比特每秒Bluetooth 蓝牙Broadband 宽带Broadcast radio 广播电台Bus 总线Bus network 总线网络Cable modem 电缆调制解调器Cellular service 移动电话服务Client 客户端Client/server network 客户机/服务器网站Coaxial cable 同轴电缆Communication channel 通信通道Communication system 通讯系统Computer network 计算机网络Connectivity 连接Demodulation 解调Dial-up service 拨号上网服务Digital signal 数字信号Digital subscriber line(DSL) 数字用户线Distributed data processing system 分布式数字处理系统Distributed processing 分布式处理Domain name server(DNS) 域名服务器Ethernet 以太网External modem 外制调制解调器Extranet 外联网Fiber-optic cable 光纤电缆Firewall 防火墙Global positioning system(GPS) 全球定位系统Hierarchical network 分层网络Home network 家庭局域网Host computer 主机Hub 集线器Infrared 红外线Internal modem 内置调制解调器Intranet 内网IP address (Internet protocol address) IP地址（互联网协议地址）Local area network(LAN) 局域网Low bandwidth 低带宽Medium band 中等带宽Metropolitan area network ( MAN) 城域网Modulation 调制Network administrator 网络管理员Network architecture 网络架构Network gateway 网关Network hub 网络枢纽Network interface card(NIC) 网络接口卡Network operating system (NOS) 网络操作系统Node 节点Packet 数据包PC card modem PC卡调制解调器Peer-to-peer network 点对点网网络（P2P）Polling 轮询Protocol 协议Proxy server 代理服务器Ring network 环网Satellite 卫星Satellite/air connection service 卫星/航空连接服务Server 服务器Star network 星网络Strategy 策略T1,T2,T3,T4 lines T1，T2，T3，T4路线Telephone line 电话线Terminal network 终端网络Time-sharing system 分时系统Topology 拓扑Transfer rate 传输速率Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol(TCP/IP) 传输控制协议/internet协议（TCP/IP协议）Voiceband 话音频带Wide area network (WAN) 广域网（WAN）Wi-FI (wireless fidelity) 无线相容性认证Wireless LAN (WLAN) 无线局域网Wireless modem 无线调制解调器Wireless receiver 无线接收器P303Access 访问Accuracy 精度Ad network cookie 网络广告小软件Adware cookie 网络广告小软件Anti-spyware 反间谍软件Biometric scanning 生物识别扫描Bomb 炸弹Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合征Chlorofluorocarbones(CFCs) Computer Abuse Amendments Act 计算机滥用法修正案Computer crime 计算机犯罪Computer ethics 计算机伦理学Computer Fraud and Abuse Act 计算机欺诈和滥用法Computer monitoring software 电脑监控软件Cookie html浏览器的一小段信息Cracker 黑客Cryptographer 密码员Cumulative trauma disorder 积累性损伤错乱Data security 数据安全Denial of service (DoS) attack 拒绝服务攻击Disaster recovery plan 灾难性恢复计划Electronic monioring 电子监控Electronic profile 电子专页Encrypting 加密Energy star 能源之星Environment protection 环境保护Ergonomics 工效学Ethics 伦理Financial Modernization Act 金融现代化法案Firewall 防火墙Freedom of Information Act 信息自由法Green PC 绿色PCHacker 黑客History file 历史文件Identity theft 身份盗窃Illusion of anonymity 匿名幻想Information broke 信息拦截器Information reseller 经销商信息Internet scam 互联网骗局Keystroke logger 案件记录器Malware 恶意软件Mistaken identity 识别错误Password 密码Physical security 实体安全Privacy 隐私Property 属性Repetitive motion injury 反复性动作损伤Repetitive strain injury (RSI) 重复劳损Reverse directory 方向目录Scam 诈骗Security 安全Snoopware 监控软件Software copyright Act 软件著作权法Software piracy 间谍软件Spike 尖状物Spy removal program 间谍删除程序Spyware 间谍软件Surge protector 浪涌保护器Technostress 重压技术Traditional cookie 传统cookies Trojan horse 木马Virus 病毒Voltage surge 电压浪涌Web bug 网络漏洞Worm 蠕虫。