三门峡市外国语高级中学2015届2014年暑假英语假期作业试题(三)

★2014年7月三门峡外国语高中2015届暑假作业英语试题卷（三）1三门峡外国语高中2015届暑假作业 英语试题卷（三）第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A 、B 、C 和D ）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AForty years ago, Finland was a small, homogeneous (同种的) country with mediocre (平庸的) public schools. Today, Finland is still small and, although it has grown more diverse, it is still much more homogeneous than countries such as the United States.But no one calls Finland’s public schools mediocre anymore.In 2000, the Finns surprised the world when their 15-year-olds scored at the top of a closely watched international exam called the PISA, the Program for International Student Assessment. Finland has stayed near the top ever since, while the U.S. scores around the middle.Pasi Sahlberg, an official wit h Finland’s Ministry of Education and Culture, recently shared the story of Finland’s success, and what states like Washington could learn from it.Sahlberg’s message, although he was too polite to put it so frankly: stop testing so much; trust teachers more; give less homework and shorten the school day.In a room filled with teachers, principals, professors, school board members and policy makers, Sahlberg joked about the Finns’ reputation for being quiet, humble people. When Finland hit the top of the PISA, he said, the biggest disbelievers were Finns.More seriously, he said, Finland never set out to create the world’s top school system. Instead, he said, the country decided in the 1970s that it wanted to ensure that a student’s success didn’t depend on the family background.To achieve that goal, Finland relied on cooperation among teachers and schools, rather than on competition. Rather than judging teachers and schools based on test scores, he said, Finland puts trust in its teachers and principals. Teachers develop the curriculum in Finland, and design their own tests. There are no national tests, except one at the end of high school.That’s just the start. Along with a shorter school day, Finnish students don’t even start school until they are 7 years old. Many primary schools have a policy against giving homework.Finland, he said, succeeded in part by adapting ideas from the U.S. and other countries. And those countries, he said, can learn from Finland, too.21. What might be the author’s purpos e in writing the passage?A. To introduce a Finnish official.B. To ask the US to improve its education.C. To share Finland’s success in education.D. To compare Finnish and American education system.22. People first learned Finland’s success in educa tion from ______.A. its mediocre public schoolsB. its advanced education systemC. lectures given by Pasi SahlbergD. its students’ performance in an international exam23. Which of the following contributes to Finland’s success in educati on? a. Giving students less testing. b. Giving teachers more trusting. c. Evaluating students’ family background.d. Creating the world’s top school system.e. Starting school late. A. abcde B. ade C. abe D. bcd 24. What Pasi Sahlberg said in the passage suggests that ______. A. children should start school as late as possibleB. competition among teachers is harmful to educationC. the US education system is still the most advancedD. it’s necessary to set up a national curriculumBCompulsive (强迫性的) overeating is a health problem, which can affect women or men, though it appears twice as often among women. In this serious eating disorder, a person eats a lot of food in a short amount of time. This is called bingeing. Compulsive overeaters often binge. This can lead to serious medical problems, including obesity (过度肥胖).No one knows the exact cause of compulsive overeating. Many compulsive overeaters use food for comfort. Others binge to deal with stress. Eating makes them feel better, but only for a short time. Usually compulsive overeaters feel guilty for eating so much, which makes them feel bad about themselves. This leads to more stress, which leads to more overeating, and so on. They have trouble dealing with feelings like anger, sadness, loneliness, guilt, and shame.There are many warning signs which indicate that someone may be suffering from compulsive overeating disorder. They include: eating large amounts of food when not physically hungry; eating much more rapidly than normal; eating until the point of feeling uncomfortably full; often eating alone because of shame or embarrassment; suffering feelings of depression, disgust, or guilt after eating; with a history of marked weight changes.Compulsive overeating generally has a gradual beginning, often starting in early childhood when eating patterns are formed. It usually starts very unclearly, when a三门峡外国语高中2015届暑假作业英语试题卷（三）2child turns to food whenever they are upset. Over time, you learn that food in fact will soothe (缓解) the upset feelings. The destructive pattern continues as you do not learn to trust that you are capable of self-soothing without food.Like someone with bulimia (贪食症), when you compulsively overeat, you usually try every way you can to stop. Often the attempt takes the form of strict dieting or living by inflexible standards of eating. While strict dieting may help with the weight gain, in the long run it doesn’t do anything to handle the emotional reasons for the compulsive overeating. Moreover, restrictive dieting is so depriving that it creates a situation of desperation to eat. Therefore, dieting often has the opposite effect to the one you intended and just promotes the compulsive overeating. 25. What can bingeing do to people?A. It keeps them free from stress.B. It causes them serious problems.C. It makes them feel good for a long time.D. It helps cure people of compulsive overeating.26. We can infer from the second paragraph that compulsive overeating ______. A. can disappear after a time B. shouldn’t be taken seriously C. is usually caused by stress D. often goes into a bad pattern 27. The third paragraph mainly deals with ______. A. some symptoms of compulsive overeatingB. the emotional reasons of compulsive overeatingC. the health problems caused by compulsive overeatingD. the development process of compulsive overeating 28. According to the last paragraph, strict dieting ______. A. helps people keep fit B. can be helpful in some way C. will benefit people in the long runD. works better than living by inflexible standards of eatingCDear Mr. Brown,I am a senior at Michigan State University interested in the job as a Marketing Assistant in Columbia. I believe that Columbia has the ideal culture for me to pursue my goal of becoming an innovative (创新的) and responsible arts administrator (管理员) and contributing to the Columbia Company’s outstanding record as a center for exhibition and discussion of contemporary art and culture.The company is managed by a team of highly skilled professionals having extensive experience in the export industry. It is a professionally managed organization committed to offering the best quality at attractive prices. You are currently exporting your products to various countries across the globe.Academically, my extensive course work in the art history department at MichiganState University has allowed me to gain an understanding and appreciation for the art your company exhibits. I also have studied the elements of arts management, including audience development and fund-raising as a part of my recent arts management class at Michigan State University. As a part of that class, I worked for the BCE Museum, examining their marketing strategies, as well as other institutions, in an effort to discover the most effective and efficient manner to promote their upcoming exhibition. This rewarding experience sharpened my desire to continue in this field and helped me develop the tools I need to be an effective arts administrator. I have also been able to spend time working for the BCE Museum specifically as a survey assistant, which has further strengthened my interest in museum studies.My previous summer work experience as a reporter for The XWZ Newspaper has provided me with a strong base of communication and helped me learn how to develop and work on several projects at once, write about a diverse range of topics, work quickly and efficiently, and further developed my interest in becoming a better marketeer.I firmly believe that I wil l be a good fit in Columbia’s innovative environment. Thank you for your time and consideration.Sincerely, Greg Miller29. From to the letter we can learn that Columbia . A. is the center of the export industry B. is managed by Michigan State University C. has a great need for marketing assistantsD. has the ideal environment for arts administrators30. Greg Miller has the following learning and work experience EXCEPT . A. an arts administrator B. a newspaper reporterC. a survey assistant in the BCE MuseumD. a student in the art history department 31. Greg Miller’s experience of working for The XWZ Newspaper helps him . A. write good news and become a good reporter B. discover the best way to promote products C. communicate and work efficientlyD. enjoy contemporary art and culture betterDIf astronauts have any plans to stay on the moon for extended periods of time, they will have to support themselves. One of the most important steps toward achieving that will be growing their own food. That is the reason NASA scientists recently announced plans to grow vegetables where no man has grown before. If they are successful, it will be the first time humans have ever brought life to another planet.三门峡外国语高中2015届暑假作业英语试题卷（三）3This, of course, will not be a conventional garden with astronauts physically planting seeds on the rocky surface and hoping for the best. Instead, the scientists will place the seeds on a filter (过滤器) filled with nutrients and put them inside a lunar plant growth room that will protect them against solar radiation. Once the garden lands on the moon, enough water will be added to ensure the seeds can grow well. There will also be enough air trapped in to allow for 5-10 days of growth.So what treats are in store for the astronauts if the experiment works? Turnips (大头菜), basil (罗勒) and arabidopsis, a little white flowering plant that is similar to cress (水芹). Robert Bowman, a senior scientist who is working with the NASA Ames Research Center on this project, says these were selected because they are important crop plants. Additionally, basil has been grown successfully many times on the International Space Station (ISS). This gives researchers hope that it might grow on the moon as well.Dr. Robert Bowman described how plants constantly have to cope with bad environme nts and threats, ―Simply knowing how plants deal with stress on the moon can really tell us a lot about how they deal with stress right here on Earth.‖ We know how plants are affected by conditions like drought – by exposing them to entirely new factors, we can advance our understanding of how they function. 32. We can learn from the second paragraph that _____. A. seeds don’t need air or water to grow on the moonB. a filter filled with nutrients will protect seeds against radiationC. astronauts will plant seeds on the lunar surface to get their foodD. growing a vegetable garden on the moon is different from on the earth33. According to Robert Bowman, turnips, basil and arabidopsis are chosen to grow onthe moon because _____.A. they are most suitable to grow in spaceB. they have been tested on the moonC. they are important crop plantsD. they have some similarities 34. It can be inferred from the text that _____.A. the project can help us learn about how to grow plants in bad climates on EarthB. plants that can be grown successfully on the ISS can also grow on the moonC. the moon has a pleasant climate which is very suitable for plants to growD. it will be the first time humans have sent some plants and animals to the moon 35. Which of the following could be the best title for the text? A. NASA plans to grow plants on the moon B. NASA has found new life forms on the moon C. Human beings will soon settle on the moon D. Astronauts are testing how plants can survive radiation 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。