小学英语 Modal Verbs Grammar - SOME CHARACTERISTICS
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– EXTERNAL - Somebody else other than the speaker has made the decision; some external circumstances make the obligation necessary (laws, regulations, agreements and other people’s orders).
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• They do not take an –s / -ing / -ed ending He can cook
(NOT: He cans cook).
• They do not use the auxiliary “do” to form questions and
any vegetables)
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
PROHIBITION
• MUSTN’T
• Meaning “it is forbidden to do something” / “you are not allowed to do something” /”it is against the rules” /”you can’t do something”
BE hungry!
NEGATIVE CERTAINTY
• CAN’T • Meaning “definitely not” / “I’m sure not”
He CAN’T BE at home!
ADVICE
• POSITIVE ADVICE – SHOULD • NEGATIVE ADVICE – SHOULDN’T • Meaning “I advise you to / not to”
INTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• MUST / HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to”
You MUST LISTEN to me carefully!
You HAVE TO LISTEN to me carefully!
(“t’aconsello que / que no)
You SHOULD BE more careful!!
OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• There are 2 types of necessity / obligation:
– INTERNAL - The speaker decides that something is necessary; some personal circumstances make the obligation necessary.
negatives They shouldn’t make any noise (NOT: They don’t should make any noise).
• They are followed by the BASE FORM of the VERB You MUST FASTEN your seat-belt (NOT: You MUST TO FASTEN your seat-belt).
EXTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to”
I HAVE TO WEAR a uniform every day at work.
OBLIGATION / DUTY
• They do not form ALL TENSES. They usually have
PRESENT or PAST tense He CAN play tennis / He COULD play tennis when he was 5 years old.
ABILITY
• PRESENT ABILITY – CAN • Meaning “poder fer algo” / “saber fer
• MUST • Meaning “definitely yes” / “I’m sure”
He MUST BE lost!
POSSIBILITY
• MAY / MIGHT / COULD • Meaning “it is possible” / “perhaps”
-Why is the baby crying? - He MAY / MIGHT / COULD
• DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO • (don’t/doesn’t need to & needn’t) • Meaning “it isn’t necessary to do something”
The farmer DOESN’T HAVE TO
BUY any vegetables (= It isn’t necessary for the farmer to buy
algo”
Peter CAN READ but his sister Rose, CAN’T.
ABILITY
• PAST ABILITY – COULD • Meaning “podia fer algo” / “sabia fer algo”
Mrs Turner COULD PLAY tennis before she had the accident.
ABILITY
• FUTURE ABILITY – WILL BE ABLE TO • Meaning “podré fer algo” / “sabré fer algo”
Doctors WILL BE ABLE TO FIND a cure for cancer.
POSITIVE CERTAINTY
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• MODAL VERBS are used in English to HELP other verbs express:
• Ability • Possibility • Certainty • Advice • Obligation / Necessity • Lack of necessity • Prohibition
• 3rd Person Obligation – MUST • It is mainly used in WRITTEN:
– Orders – Rules – Instructions • Meaning “it is obligatory to”
OBLIGATION
LACK OF OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
MODAL VERBS
You CAN’T take photographs here.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• The verbs: – CAN – COULD – BE ABLE TO – MAY – MIGHT – MUST – HAVE TO – SHOULD are MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• They do not take an –s / -ing / -ed ending He can cook
(NOT: He cans cook).
• They do not use the auxiliary “do” to form questions and
any vegetables)
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
PROHIBITION
• MUSTN’T
• Meaning “it is forbidden to do something” / “you are not allowed to do something” /”it is against the rules” /”you can’t do something”
BE hungry!
NEGATIVE CERTAINTY
• CAN’T • Meaning “definitely not” / “I’m sure not”
He CAN’T BE at home!
ADVICE
• POSITIVE ADVICE – SHOULD • NEGATIVE ADVICE – SHOULDN’T • Meaning “I advise you to / not to”
INTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• MUST / HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to”
You MUST LISTEN to me carefully!
You HAVE TO LISTEN to me carefully!
(“t’aconsello que / que no)
You SHOULD BE more careful!!
OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• There are 2 types of necessity / obligation:
– INTERNAL - The speaker decides that something is necessary; some personal circumstances make the obligation necessary.
negatives They shouldn’t make any noise (NOT: They don’t should make any noise).
• They are followed by the BASE FORM of the VERB You MUST FASTEN your seat-belt (NOT: You MUST TO FASTEN your seat-belt).
EXTERNAL OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
• HAVE TO • Meaning “it is necessary” / “I’m obliged to”
I HAVE TO WEAR a uniform every day at work.
OBLIGATION / DUTY
• They do not form ALL TENSES. They usually have
PRESENT or PAST tense He CAN play tennis / He COULD play tennis when he was 5 years old.
ABILITY
• PRESENT ABILITY – CAN • Meaning “poder fer algo” / “saber fer
• MUST • Meaning “definitely yes” / “I’m sure”
He MUST BE lost!
POSSIBILITY
• MAY / MIGHT / COULD • Meaning “it is possible” / “perhaps”
-Why is the baby crying? - He MAY / MIGHT / COULD
• DON’T / DOESN’T HAVE TO • (don’t/doesn’t need to & needn’t) • Meaning “it isn’t necessary to do something”
The farmer DOESN’T HAVE TO
BUY any vegetables (= It isn’t necessary for the farmer to buy
algo”
Peter CAN READ but his sister Rose, CAN’T.
ABILITY
• PAST ABILITY – COULD • Meaning “podia fer algo” / “sabia fer algo”
Mrs Turner COULD PLAY tennis before she had the accident.
ABILITY
• FUTURE ABILITY – WILL BE ABLE TO • Meaning “podré fer algo” / “sabré fer algo”
Doctors WILL BE ABLE TO FIND a cure for cancer.
POSITIVE CERTAINTY
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• MODAL VERBS are used in English to HELP other verbs express:
• Ability • Possibility • Certainty • Advice • Obligation / Necessity • Lack of necessity • Prohibition
• 3rd Person Obligation – MUST • It is mainly used in WRITTEN:
– Orders – Rules – Instructions • Meaning “it is obligatory to”
OBLIGATION
LACK OF OBLIGATION / NECESSITY
MODAL VERBS
You CAN’T take photographs here.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS
• The verbs: – CAN – COULD – BE ABLE TO – MAY – MIGHT – MUST – HAVE TO – SHOULD are MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS.