报刊选读四班第二组

An aerial view of the Sendai region with black smoke coming from the Nippon Oil refinery
Casualties
The National Police Agency has confirmed 15,891 deaths,6,152 injured,and 2,584 people missing across twenty prefectures. Of the 13,135 fatalities recovered by 11 April 2011, 12,143 or 92.5% died by drowning. Victims aged 60 or older accounted for 65.2% of the deaths, with 24% of total victims being in their 70s. As of March 2012, Japanese police data showed that 70% of the 3,279 still missing were aged 60 or over, all found, including 893 in their 70s and 577 in their 80s. Of the total confirmed victims, 14,308 drowned, 667 were crushed to death or died from internal injuries, and 145 perished from burns.
A fire which broke out in Tokyo after the earthquake
Aerial photo of Minato,ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้devastated by both the earthquake and subsequent tsunami
Plants
Many Pictures
• Cause
11 March 2011 Japan 14:46:24 15,891 deaths 6,152 injured 2,584 people missing Tsunami nuclear accidents
earthquake
The 9.0 magnitude undersea megathrust earthquake occurred on 11 March 2011 at 14:46 JST (05:46 UTC) in the north-western Pacific Ocean at a relatively shallow depth of 32 km (19.9 mi),with its epicenter approximately 72 km (45 mi) east of the Oshika Peninsula of Tōhoku, Japan, lasting approximately six minutes. The main earthquake was preceded by a number of large foreshocks, with hundreds of aftershocks reported.
Dams and water problems
The Fujinuma irrigation dam in Sukagawa ruptured,causing flooding and washing away five homes. at least 1.5 million households were reported to have lost access to water supplies. By 21 March 2011, this number fell dramatically to 1.04 million.
Electricity
According to the Japanese trade ministry, around 4.4 million households served by Tōhoku Electric Power (TEP) in northeastern Japan were left without electricity. Several nuclear and conventional power plants went offline after the earthquake, reducing TEPCO's total capacity by 21 GW. By 21 March 2011, the number of households in the north without electricity fell to 242,927.
Tsunami
An upthrust of 6 to 8 meters along a 180-km wide seabed at 60 km offshore from the east coast of Tōhoku,resulted in a major tsunami that brought destruction along the Pacific coastline of Japan's northern islands. Thousands of lives were lost when entire towns were devastated. The tsunami propagated throughout the Pacific Ocean region reaching the entire Pacific coast of North and South America from Alaska to Chile. Warnings were issued and evacuations carried out in many countries bordering the Pacific. However, while the tsunami affected many of these places, the extent was minor. Chile's Pacific coast, one of the furthest from Japan at about 17,000 km (11,000 mi) distant, was struck by waves 2 m (6.6 ft) high,compared with an estimated wave height of 38.9 meters (128 ft) at Omoe peninsula, Miyako city, Japan.
• Ports
• Dams and water problems • Electricity
• Transport
• Nuclear power plants • Plants
Ports
All of Japan's ports were briefly shut down after the earthquake, though the ones in Tokyo and southwards soon re-opened. Fifteen ports were located in the disaster zone.
2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami
Class Four Group two:
李静娴、陈安婷、陈昌艳、华丽、曾姗 、黄静、邓江芮
Tōhoku earthquake
Japanese "Rainbow Night"
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Date Place Origin time Casualties
Picture of Chile tsunami
Aftermath
The aftermath of the earthquake and tsunami included both a humanitarian crisis and a major economic impact. The tsunami resulted in over 340,000 displaced people in the Tōhoku region, and shortages of food, water, shelter, medicine and fuel for survivors.The aftermath of the twin disasters also left Japan's coastal cities and towns with nearly 25 million tons of debris.
Humanitarian response
According to Japan's foreign ministry, 116 countries and 28 international organizations offered assistance. Japan specifically requested assistance from teams from Australia, New Zealand, South Korea, and the United States.
One minute before the earthquake was felt in Tokyo, the Earthquake Early Warning system, which includes more than 1,000 seismometers in Japan, sent out warnings of impending strong shaking to millions. It is believed that the early warning by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) saved many lives.The warning for the general public was delivered about 8 seconds after the first P wave was detected, or about 31 seconds after the earthquake occurred.