精神病药物 英文
氯氮平代谢产物
氯氮平代谢产物氯氮平(Chlorpromazine,英文缩写CPZ)是一种典型抗精神病药物,广泛用于治疗精神分裂症和其他精神疾病。
它属于苯丙胺类药物,具有镇静、抗精神病、抗乏力等药理作用。
氯氮平的代谢产物主要包括血浆中的次氯氮平(desmethylpromazine,DMCPZ)、硫代氯氮平(sulphide more},\cite{tennant1973fatal,oberndörfer1965metabolism}tennant1973fa tal,Di Marco2013CPH}。
这些代谢产物可能具有不同的药理作用和毒性。
次氯氮平是氯氮平通过脱甲基化反应代谢产生的物质。
次氯氮平具有与氯氮平相似的镇静和抗精神病效果,但其抗乏力作用较弱。
研究发现,次氯氮平对多巴胺D2受体的亲和力较氯氮平低,可能使其在临床上产生相对较小的不良反应。
硫代氯氮平是氯氮平通过硫单加反应代谢产生的化合物。
它的主要作用是帮助药物从体内排泄,减少药物在体内的停留时间。
硫代氯氮平与氯氮平相比,具有更强的亲水性,更容易溶解于水,从而更容易通过尿液排出体外。
因此,硫代氯氮平的代谢可能对氯氮平的药效和毒性具有重要的调节作用。
除了次氯氮平和硫代氯氮平,氯氮平的代谢还涉及到其他一些未知的代谢产物。
这些代谢产物可能通过药物代谢酶在体内产生,进一步调节氯氮平的药效和毒性。
然而,对于这些代谢产物的详细研究仍然有待进一步的研究。
总结来说,氯氮平的代谢产物主要包括次氯氮平和硫代氯氮平。
次氯氮平具有与氯氮平相似的药理作用,但相对较弱的抗乏力作用。
硫代氯氮平主要起到帮助药物排泄的作用。
除此之外,还存在其他未知的代谢产物可能对氯氮平的药效和毒性产生影响。
我们需要进一步的研究来全面了解氯氮平的代谢产物的作用机制,为临床应用提供更好的指导。
精神病药物 英文介绍
PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
Drugs with depressive type of actoin
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. Neuroleptics (antipsychotic) Tranquilizers (anxiolytics) Sedative drugs Normotymics (tymoleptics, tymoanaleptics)
SYMPTOMS
More than 50 % of patients with depressive disorders don’t realize that they have any psychological problems and complain only on certain somatic discharges
• Neurotransmitters pass along signal • Smaller amount of neurotransmitters causes depression
Function of adrenergic synapse in physiological conditions
Drug with stimulative action
Antidepressants Psychomotor stimulants Nootropic drugs Drugs which increase general tone (adaptogens)
Psychotomimetics (psychodysleptics)
Most frequent complaints of patients with depression
精神病学与药物【英文】
Associations between physical and psychiatric disorder.
• Chance association: physical & psychiatric disorders are both common. • Psychological factors as a cause of physical disorder. • Psychiatric complications of physical illness & its treatment ( e.g. heart disease, delirium & dementia ). • Some psychiatric disorders can cause physical symptoms ( e.g. palpitation in an anxiety disorder ). • Physical complications of psychiatric disorder ( e.g. deliberate self- harm, eating disorders ).
Introduction ( cont.)
• Abn-sina, during Abbasian times, was the first to describe the effect of psyche on the body ( what is known as psychosomatic now a day ) in the case of young man who was emaciated because he couldn't marry the girl he loved, by monitoring his pulse while mentioning special places in the town, the pulse, he noticed, increased while approaching the house of his love due to the emotion it stirred. • Al-razi said that doctors must always persuade patients that they would be cured from their sufferings. .• على الطبيب أن يوهم المريض edicine
【藥品名】氯丙嗪【英文名】chlorpromazine【別名】氯普馬嗪;冬眠靈
【药品名】氯丙嗪【英文名】Chlorpromazine【别名】氯普马嗪;冬眠灵;可乐静;可平静;氯硫二苯胺;Chlorpromazium;Wintermin;Aminazine【剂型】1.片剂:12.5mg,25mg,50mg;2.注射剂(粉):10mg,25mg,50mg;3.复方制剂:复方氯丙嗪片:每片含盐酸氯丙嗪及盐酸异丙嗪各12.5mg;复方注射剂:每2ml含盐酸氯丙嗪及盐酸异丙嗪各25mg;4.冬眠合剂:盐酸氯丙嗪、盐酸异丙嗪各50mg,哌替啶100mg,加入5%葡萄糖注射剂中,静脉输注,用于冬眠疗法。
【药理作用】本药属二甲胺族吩噻嗪类药物,为抗精神病药的代表药。
主要阻断脑内多巴胺受体,这是本药抗精神病作用的机制,也是长期应用产生严重不良反应的基础。
本药还能阻断α肾上腺素受体和M胆碱受体,因而其药理作用广泛。
具体作用如下:1.抗精神病作用:目前认为,本药通过阻断与情绪和思维有关的边缘系统的多巴胺受体而起抗精神病作用。
而阻断网状结构上行激活系统的α肾上腺素受体,则与镇静安定的作用有关。
正常人服用治疗量后,出现安静、活动减少、感情淡漠、注意力降低、对周围事物不感兴趣等反应。
安静时可诱导入睡,但易被唤醒。
精神患者服用后,在不过分抑制的情况下,可迅速控制精神分裂症患者的躁狂症状,减少或消除幻觉、妄想等症状,使思维活动及行为趋于正常。
2.镇吐作用:小剂量可抑制延脑催吐化学敏感区的多巴胺受体,大剂量时又可直接抑制呕吐中枢,产生强大的镇吐作用。
但对刺激前庭所致的呕吐无效。
3.降温作用:本药对下丘脑体温调节中枢有很强的抑制作用,不但降低发热患者的体温,还能降低正常体温,这与解热镇痛药不同,后者只降低发热体温而不降低正常体温。
本药的降温作用随外界环境温度而变化,环境温度愈低其降温作用愈明显,与物理降温同时运用具有协同作用,在炎热的天气,本药反可使体温升高,这是干扰了机体正常散热的结果。
4.阻断外周肾上腺素受体,直接扩张血管,引起血压下降。
第二类精神药品处方点评范文
第二类精神药品处方点评范文英文回答:Prescription drugs are classified into different categories based on their therapeutic uses and potentialfor abuse. The second class of prescription drugs includes psychotropic medications, which are primarily used to treat mental health disorders. These drugs can have a significant impact on a person's mood, cognition, and behavior. In this essay, I will discuss the various aspects of second-class psychotropic medications and provide examples to illustrate their effects.First and foremost, it is important to understand that psychotropic medications are prescribed by healthcare professionals to alleviate symptoms associated with mental health conditions. For instance, antidepressants are commonly prescribed to individuals suffering from depression. These medications work by balancing the chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, to improve moodand reduce feelings of sadness or hopelessness. One example of an antidepressant is Prozac, which has been widely used and proven effective in treating depression.In addition to antidepressants, antipsychotic medications are another type of psychotropic drug commonly prescribed. These medications are primarily used to manage symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. One well-known antipsychotic medication is Risperdal, which is often prescribed to individuals with schizophrenia. Risperdal helps reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms and allows individuals to better function in their daily lives.Moreover, psychotropic medications also include mood stabilizers, which are used to manage mood swings and prevent episodes of mania or depression in individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium is a commonly prescribed mood stabilizer that has been shown to effectively regulate mood and reduce the frequency and intensity of mood swings. Individuals taking lithium often report feeling more stable and in control of their emotions.Furthermore, it is important to note that while psychotropic medications can be highly beneficial in managing mental health conditions, they also come with potential side effects. These side effects can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors. For example, common side effects of antidepressants may include nausea, drowsiness, or sexual dysfunction. It is crucial for individuals taking psychotropic medications to closely monitor their symptoms and communicate any concerns with their healthcare provider.In conclusion, second-class psychotropic medications play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders. They can effectively alleviate symptoms and improve the overall well-being of individuals withconditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. However, it is important to carefully considerthe potential side effects and work closely with healthcare professionals to find the most suitable medication and dosage. By doing so, individuals can achieve better mental health and lead fulfilling lives.中文回答:精神药物根据其治疗用途和滥用潜力被划分为不同的类别。
药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名
药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学pharmacology药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学pharmacokinetics被动转运passive transport简单扩散simple diffusion离子障iontrapping载体转运carrier-mediated transport选择性selectivity饱和性saturability竞争性抑制competitive inhibition主动转运active transport易化扩散facilitated diffusion吸收absorption首关消除first pass elimination分布distribution游离型药物free drug再分布redistribution血脑屏障blood-brain barrier胎盘屏障placental barrier药物的转化transformation药物代谢metabolism细胞色素P450 crytochrome P450 , CY P450开放性一室模型one-compartment open model开放性二室模型 tow-compartment open model一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics消除速率常数elimination rate constant零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics峰浓度peak concentration , Cmax达峰时间peak time ,T max曲线下面积area under curve , AUC半衰期half life , t1/2清除率clearance,CL表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution,Vd生物利用度bioavailability药物作用drug action药理效应pharmacological effect兴奋excitation抑制inhibition疗效therapeutic effect对因治疗etiological treatment对症治疗symptomatic treatment不良反应adverse reaction药源性疾病drug-induced disease副反应side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应residual effect停药反应withdrawal reaction变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship量反应graded response最小有效量minimal effective dose最大效应maximal effective, Emax效能efficacy效价强度potency质反应quantal response半数有效量median effective dose , ED50 治疗指数therapeutic index, TI半数致死量median lethal does, LD50药物的作用机制mechanism of action配体ligand自体活性物质autacoid灵敏性sensitivity特异性specificity可逆性reversibility亲和力affinity内在活性intrinsic activity完全激动药full agonist部分激动药partial agonist竞争性拮抗药competitive antagonist非竞争性拮抗药noncompetitive antagonist 受体脱敏receptor desensitization受体增敏receptor hypersensitization药物相互作用drug interaction特异质反应idiocyncrasy安慰剂placebo耐受性tolerance耐药性drug resistance依赖性dependence生理依赖性physiological dependence躯体依赖性physical dependence精神依赖性psychological dependence停药症状withdrawal symptoms停药综合征withdrawal syndrome自主神经系统autonomic nervous system 胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase ,AchE单胺氧化酶mono-anine oxidase,MAO胆碱受体激动药cholinoceptor agonists乙酰胆碱acetylcholine毛果芸香碱pilocarpine新斯的明neostigmine吡斯的明pyridostigmine碘解磷定pralidoxime iodide,派姆,PAM氯解磷定pralidoxime chloride,PAM-ClM胆碱受体阻断药cholinoceptor blocking drugs阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱scopolamine后阿托品homatropine溴丙胺太林propantheline bromide肾上腺素受体激动药adrenoceptor agonists去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline, NA; norepinephrine, NE 肾上腺素adrenaline,epinephrine多巴胺dopamine,DA异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs酚妥拉明phentolamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol普鲁卡因procaine利多卡因lidocaine丁卡因tetracaine镇静催眠药sedative-hypnotics地西泮diazepam三唑仑triazolam水合氯醛chloral hydrate苯巴比妥钠phenibarbital sodium异戊巴比妥amobarbital苯妥英钠phenytion sodium卡马西平carbamazepine乙琥胺ethosuximide硫酸镁magmesium sulfate抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂症药antimanic drugs抗抑郁症药antidepressants氯氮平clozapine利培酮risperidone氯丙嗪chlorpromazine米帕明imipramine吗啡morphine哌替啶pethidine度冷丁dolantin美沙酮methadone丁丙诺啡buprenorphine镇痛药analgesics解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic- analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs 阿司匹林aspirin对乙酰氨基酚acetaminophen吲哚美辛indomethacin钙通道阻滞药calcium channel blockers钙拮抗药calcium antagonists硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine氨氯地平amlodipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米verapamil心律失常arrhythmia胺碘酮amiodarone肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system, RAS卡托普利captopril依那普利enalapril氯沙坦losartan依白沙坦erbesartan利尿药Diuretics呋塞米furosemide布美他尼bumetanide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氯噻嗪chlorothiazide吲哒帕胺indapamide螺内酯spironolactone脱水药dehydrant agents甘露醇manmitol硝普钠sodium nitroprusside充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure, CHF地高辛digoxin毛花苷丙cedilanide毒毛花苷K strophanthin K安力农armrinone心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin抗凝血药anticoagulants肝素heparin双香豆素dicoumarol链激酶streptokinase尿激酶urokinase氨甲苯酸aminomethylbenzoic acid, PAMBA双嘧达莫dipyridamole维生素K vitamin K硫酸亚铁ferrous sulfate右旋糖酐铁iron dextran叶酸folic acid维生素B12 vitamin B12右旋糖酐dextran苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine扑尔敏chlorpheniramine阿司咪唑astemizole平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline氨茶碱aminophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium bromide色甘酸二钠disodium cromoglycate,SCG西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine奥美拉唑omeprazole替仑西平telenzepine米索前列醇misoprostol恩前列素enprostil缩宫素oxytocin地诺前列酮dinoprostone地诺前列素dinoprost, PGF2α麦角新碱ergometrine, ergonovine糖皮质激素glucocorticoids泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲基泼尼松meprednione曲安西龙triamcinolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone允许作用permissive action丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil, PTU甲巯咪唑thiamazole卡比马唑carbimazole复方碘溶液liguor iodine Co糖尿病diabetes mellitus正规胰岛素regular insulin, RI低精蛋白锌胰岛素neutral protamine Hagedorn, NPH精蛋白锌胰岛素protamine zinc insulin, PZI罗格列酮rosiglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone格列本脲glyburide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide甲福明metformin苯乙福明phenformin阿卡波糖acarbose化学治疗chemotherapy抗菌药物antibacterial drugs抗生素antibiotics抗菌谱antibacterial spectrum抗菌活性antibacterial activity最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC 化学指数chemotherapeutic index抗菌后效应post-antibiotic effect, PAEβ-内酰胺类抗生素β-lactam antibiotics青霉素结合蛋白penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs青霉素G penicillin G青霉素V penicillin V苯唑西林oxacillin双氯西林dicloxacillin氨苄西林ampicillin阿莫西林、amoxicillin羧苄西林carbenicillin头孢唑啉cefazolin头孢氨苄cefalexin头孢呋辛cefurocime头孢孟多cefamandole头孢噻肟cefotaxime头孢曲松ceftriaxone头孢他定ceftazedime头孢匹罗cefpirome头孢吡肟cefepime红霉素erythromycin克拉霉素clarithromycin罗红霉素roxithromycin乙酰螺旋霉素acetylspiramycin克林霉素clindamycin万古霉素yancomycin多粘菌素B polymyxin B链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin奈替米星netilmicin阿米卡星amikacin四环素tetracycline土霉素tetramycin多西环素doxycycline氯霉素chloramphenicol诺氟沙星norfloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin氧氟沙星ofloxacin司氟沙星sparfloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine, SD磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole,SMZ甲氧苄啶trimethoprim,TMP甲硝唑metronidazole齐多夫定zidovudine阿苷洛韦aciclovir碘苷idoxuridine利巴韦林ribavirin两性霉素B amphotericin B酮康唑ketoconazole伊曲康唑itraconazole氟康唑fluconazole异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇ethambutol对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate全国医学英语统考医学英语词汇表(精选)mammal/'maemal/n.哺乳动物augment/o:g 'ment/V.扩大;增长hypotenson /,haipeu 'pleizj9/n.低血压decubitus/dr kju:bites/n.褥疮gangrene/'geerjgri'n/n.坏疽muscle/'mAS(9)I/n.肌肉;体力v.用力挤着,真诚indication /indi'kei』an/n.指示;指出;表示;指征;暗示迹象;适应证myopia/mai'aupie/n.近视naprapathy/ndpreepeBi/n.推拿疗法;矫正疗法chromosome/'kreumaseum/n.染色体preparation 4prepa'rei,an/n.准备,预备;制剂,制备品deform/di:'fo:m/v.损坏…的形状,使…变形narcotic/na:'kotik/a.麻醉的immunodeficiency /,irajunoudi'fi』ansi/n.免疫缺陷;免疫缺损cholesterol/ke'lestereul,一roy n.胆固醇gallstone/'go:lsteun/n.胆石mothball/'moB,bo:l,n.卫生球;樟脑球premature/prematjua/a.早熟的;不到期的n.早产的婴儿cosmetic/koz'metik/n.化妆品a.化妆用的,美容的molecule/moli kju:mau-/n.分子;克分子;微小颗粒preoperative/'pri:'operativ/a.手术前的cerebellum/,seri'belam/n.小脑mortal/'mo:tl/a.致命的;终有一死的;人世问的,凡人的n.凡人immunolocjy /,imju'nolad3 i/n.免疫学nausea/’no:Sj9/n.恶心;晕船isotope /'aiseuteup/n.同位素gynecology /g ain i ' k o l a d 3 i/n.妇科学defecate/’defikeit/v.澄清,净化;排粪,通大便ginger/'d3ind3e/n.生姜;活力ileum /iliam/n.回肠narcotherapy以na:kau"8erepi/n.麻醉疗法;睡眠疗法infarct /in'fa:kt/n.梗死imbalance /im'baelens/n.不平衡;失调metastasis Ima'taestasis/n.转移;转移灶;转移瘤gland/glaend/n.腺medicolegal I',medikau'li:gal/a.法医学的deformation/di:fo:’meifan/n.形状损坏;变形;畸形medial/'mi:djal/a.中间的;内侧的;近中的glossal/'glo:seI/a.舌的nasal/'neizal/a.鼻的;鼻音的strut/'strAt/v.肿胀,鼓起;大摇大摆地走;炫耀;支撑;撑开n.高视阔步;支柱,撑杆vaccine/'vaeksi:n/a.牛痘的;痘苗的n.牛痘苗;疫苗closure/'klau3e/n.关闭罩子stethoscope/'steeeskaup/n.听诊器workup/'wa'k^p/n.病情的检查genital/'d3enitl/a.生殖的;生殖器的varix/'vseriks/n.静脉曲张deferent/'deferent/a.输送的;输出的;输精的ileus /ilias/n.肠梗阻genus /'d3i:nasl n.类;属inertia /i'ne:na/n.惯性;不活动;无力defervescence /, d i f a ' v e s n s/n.退热embolism/'embalizem/n.栓塞medicine/'medsin,一disin/n.内服药;医药;医学;医术;内科学v.给…用药giddy/'gidi/a.头晕的;眼花缭乱的;轻浮的miscarriage/mis'k~erid3/n.失败;误投;小产;流产,堕胎globular/'glo bjula/a.球状的;有小球的m i s b i r t h/' m i s ' b a:日/n.堕胎;流产geriatric/Jd3eri'aetrik/a.老年病学的;老年的,衰老的mitigate/'mitigeit/V.缓和;镇静;安慰;减轻gorge/g0d3/n.咽喉;胃;暴食;山峡v.塞饱;狼吞虎咽地吃hallucination/halu:si'nei f an/n.幻觉hatch/heatJ/v.孵,孵化;策划,图谋n.孵化,结果n.舱口,小门germ Id3a:ml n.细菌;病菌;胚芽germicide/'d3e:misaid/n.杀菌剂molten/'maultan/a.熔化的;熔融的numb/ham/a.麻木的;失去感觉的obesitv/au'bisiti/n.肥胖症heat-stroke /' h 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【药品名】奥氮平
【药品名】奥氮平【英文名】Olanzapine【别名】再普乐;奥兰扎平;Zyprexa【剂型】片剂:5mg,10mg。
【药理作用】本品为噻吩并苯二氮卓类非典型抗精神病药。
对多巴胺(D,D和D),组胺H,5-HT,毒蕈碱(M)和α-受体均有亲和力。
【药动学】本品易于从胃肠道吸收,进行明显的首过代谢。
服药后5~8h可达血药峰值。
蛋白结合率为93%。
在肝内主要通过直接葡糖醛酸化和通过P CYP1A2和CYP2D6介导的氧化作用进行广泛代谢。
两种代谢物,10-N-葡萄糖醛酸奥氮平和4′-N-脱甲基奥氮平均被失活。
约有57%的用量随尿排出,主要为代谢物,见于粪便中者占30%。
血浆消除t为30~38h,女性比男性长。
【适应症】治疗精神分裂症。
【禁忌症】参见:洛沙平【注意事项】1.心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、其他易引起低血压的疾病及癫痫患者应慎用。
操作机器或驾驶时应慎用。
2.老人、儿童、妊娠及哺乳期妇女使用安全性:老年人更易出现不良反应,应从低剂量开始用药。
动物实验对胎儿有不良影响,孕妇慎用。
尚未知母乳中是否有分泌,哺乳妇女慎用。
3.药物过量与处理:表现为昏睡,言语含糊等,对症处理。
4.肝、肾功能不全时是否需调整剂量:肝功能损害者慎用。
5.其他:缓慢站起避免头晕。
【不良反应】1.最常见的有嗜睡和体重增加。
2.锥体外系反应(包括迟发性运动障碍)具有低发生率。
3.可能出现高催乳素血症,但一般无症状。
4.其他包括食欲增加、周围水肿。
5.肌酸激酶浓度上升罕见。
【用法用量】1.开始常用每天10mg,顿服,根据效应可以加量,但一般维持在每天15mg或更多。
2.女性、老年人或非吸烟者的代谢较慢,如患者具有一个以上的因素应考虑减量。
3.肝肾功能不全者的用量为每天5mg,应谨慎加量。
【药物相互作用】1.参见氯丙嗪。
2.本品的代谢在一定程度上是通过CYP1A2和CYP2D6(较少)介导的,凡对这些肝酶起抑制或诱导作用的药物都可能影响本品的血药浓度。
西医常用药物别称
西医常用药物别称西医常用药物是指在西方医学领域经常使用的药物,这些药物有一些常见的别称。
本文将介绍一些常见的西医常用药物的别称。
1. 阿司匹林阿司匹林是一种非处方药,也被称为“阿司匹林酯”,其英文名为Aspirin。
这种药物有止痛、退热、抗血小板聚集等作用。
2. 布洛芬布洛芬也被称为“布洛肯”,其英文名为Ibuprofen。
这种非处方药有消炎、镇痛、退热等作用。
3. 氯雷他定氯雷他定是一种抗过敏药,也被称为“扑尔敏”、“奋乃静”,其英文名为Loratadine。
它可以缓解因过敏引起的鼻塞、流涕等症状。
4. 奥美拉唑奥美拉唑是一种抗酸药,也被称为“奥美拉唑镁”、“奥美拉唑钠”,其英文名为Omeprazole。
它可以减少胃酸分泌并治疗胃酸相关疾病。
5. 维生素C维生素C也被称为“抗坏血酸”,其英文名为Vitamin C。
它是一种水溶性维生素,具有抗氧化、促进免疫系统功能的作用。
6. 苯巴比妥苯巴比妥也被称为“巴比妥酸盐”,其英文名为Phenobarbital。
它是一种镇静催眠药物,常用于治疗癫痫和失眠等疾病。
7. 氟哌利多氟哌利多也被称为“氯氟沃尔”,其英文名为Fluphenazine。
它是一种抗精神病药物,常用于治疗精神分裂症等精神疾病。
8. 布地奈德布地奈德也被称为“吸入性皮质类固醇”,其英文名为Budesonide。
它是一种治疗哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的药物。
9. 盐酸伊马替尼盐酸伊马替尼也被称为“格列卫”,其英文名为Imatinib Mesylate。
它是一种抗白血病的靶向治疗药物。
10. 甲状腺素甲状腺素也被称为“甲状腺素钠”,其英文名为Levothyroxine Sodium。
它是一种治疗甲状腺功能减退症的常用药物。
以上是西医常用药物的一些别称,这些别称在医学领域被广泛使用。
熟悉这些别称有助于大家更好地理解医生的嘱咐和药物治疗方案。
在使用药物时,我们应该根据医生的建议和药品说明书来正确使用药物,避免不良反应和药物滥用的风险。
阿立哌唑 精神类药物
【药物名称】阿立哌唑中文通用名称:阿立哌唑英文通用名称:Aripiprazole其它名称:奥派、博思清、郝尔宁、Abilify、Brisking【临床应用】用于治疗精神分裂症,对急性复发者、慢性患者及情感性精神分裂症有效。
【注意事项】1.禁忌症对本药过敏者。
2.慎用(1)老年精神病患者(嗜睡、吸入性疾病或吸入性肺炎的风险增加)。
(2)可能促使体核温度升高的疾病患者。
(以上均选自国外资料)(3)精神病药恶性综合征患者。
(4)可能出现迟发性运动障碍者。
(5)有自杀倾向者。
(6)糖尿病患者(血糖控制差)或血糖升高者。
(7)心血管疾病(如心肌梗死、缺血性心脏病、心力衰竭、传导异常)或脑血管疾病患者。
(8)易发生低血压(如脱水、血容量过低、降压药治疗)者。
(9)有患吸入性肺炎风险者。
(10)有癫痫发作史或癫痫发作阈降低者(如阿尔茨海默病)。
3.药物对儿童的影响儿童用药的安全性和有效性尚不明确。
4.药物对老人的影响在使用推荐剂量时老年人对本药的耐受性良好,无须调整剂量。
5.药物对妊娠的影响妊娠期用药安全性尚不明确,孕妇用药应权衡利弊。
美国药品和食品管理局(FDA)对本药的妊娠安全性分级为C级。
6.药物对哺乳的影响动物试验表明,本药可经哺乳大鼠的乳汁分泌。
哺乳妇女用药期间应暂停哺乳。
7.用药前后及用药时应当检查或监测(1)定期检查血常规。
(2)定期检查血压和心率,尤其是对心血管疾病患者。
(3)用药期间应对糖尿病患者进行监测,以防血糖控制情况恶化。
对糖尿病易患者(如肥胖、有家族糖尿病史),应在开始治疗前和治疗期间定期进行空腹血糖检测。
【不良反应】临床研究报道的不良事件如下,与使用本药的因果关系尚不明确:1.心血管系统常见高血压、低血压、心动过速、心动过缓;少见心悸、出血、心肌梗死、QT间期延长、心脏停搏、心房颤动、心力衰竭、A V传导阻滞、心肌缺血、静脉炎、深静脉血栓、心绞痛、期外收缩;罕见血管迷走神经反应、心脏扩大症、心房扑动、血栓性静脉炎。
Concor〖药品商品名〗康可〖英文通用名〗Bisoprolol〖中文通用名...
Concor〖药品商品名〗康可〖英文通用名〗Bisoprolol〖中文通用名〗比索洛尔Concordin〖英文通用名〗Protriptyline〖中文通用名〗普罗替林〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗精神失常药/抗躁狂抑郁症药/抗抑郁症药Condensed Buffalo Horn Powder〖中文名〗水牛角浓缩粉〖拼音〗Shuiniujiao Nongsuofen〖拉丁名〗Pulvis Cornus Bubali ConcentratusConducton〖英文通用名〗Carazolol〖中文通用名〗卡拉洛尔〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗肾上腺素药/β受体阻滞剂Conduli〖药品商品名〗康多利〖英文通用名〗Tinidazole〖中文通用名〗替硝唑Conessine〖药品通用名〗可内新〖所属类别〗抗寄生虫病药物/抗阿米巴病药Conflictan〖英文通用名〗Oxaflozane〖中文通用名〗奥沙氟生〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗精神失常药/抗躁狂抑郁症药/抗抑郁症药Confortid〖英文通用名〗Indometacin〖中文通用名〗吲哚美辛〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/解热镇痛抗炎及抗痛风药/抗炎镇痛药Congard〖英文通用名〗Nadolol〖中文通用名〗纳多洛尔〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗肾上腺素药/β受体阻滞剂Congo Red〖药品通用名〗刚果红〖所属类别〗其它药物/诊断用药/器官功能检查及其它诊断剂Coniel〖英文通用名〗Benidipine〖中文通用名〗贝尼地平〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/钙拮抗药Conjugated Estrogens〖中文通用名〗混合雌激素〖英文通用名〗Conjugated Estrogens〖所属类别〗激素及影响内分泌药/雌激素及孕激素Conjugated Estrogens Tablet〖中文通用名〗混合雌激素片〖英文通用名〗Conjugated Estrogens Tablet〖所属类别〗激素及影响内分泌药/雌激素及孕激素ConjugatedEstrogens Tablets〖药品商品名〗结合雌激素片Conjuncain〖英文通用名〗Oxybuprocaine〖中文通用名〗奥布卡因〖所属类别〗麻醉药及其辅助用药/局部麻醉药Conorfone〖药品通用名〗考诺封〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/镇痛药Conquinine〖英文通用名〗Quinidine〖中文通用名〗奎尼丁〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/抗心律失常药Consilinon〖英文通用名〗Bromperidol〖中文通用名〗溴哌利多〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗精神失常药/抗精神病药Constilac〖英文通用名〗Lactulose〖中文通用名〗乳果糖〖所属类别〗消化系统药物/肝胆疾病辅助用药/治疗肝昏迷药Contac〖药品商品名〗康泰克〖英文通用名〗Phenylpropanolamine+Chlorphenamine〖中文通用名〗苯丙醇胺+氯苯那敏Contac NT〖药品商品名〗新康泰克〖英文通用名〗Pseudoephedrine+Chlorphenamine Maleate〖中文通用名〗伪麻黄碱+马来酸氯苯那敏Contac SCF〖药品商品名〗康得〖英文通用名〗Phenylpropanolamine+Paracetamol+Dextromethorphan+Chlorphenamine〖中文通用名〗苯丙醇胺+对乙酰氨基酚+右美沙芬+氯苯那敏Contamex〖英文通用名〗Ketazolam〖中文通用名〗凯他唑仑〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/镇静药、催眠药及抗惊厥药/其它类Contenton〖英文通用名〗Amantadine〖中文通用名〗金刚烷胺〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗震颤麻痹药Contergan〖英文通用名〗Thalidomide〖中文通用名〗沙利度胺〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/镇静药、催眠药及抗惊厥药/其它类Contractubex〖药品商品名〗康瑞保〖英文通用名〗Allantoin〖中文通用名〗尿囊素Contralgine〖英文通用名〗Tetracaine〖中文通用名〗丁卡因〖所属类别〗麻醉药及其辅助用药/局部麻醉药Contrapar〖英文通用名〗Gloxazone〖中文通用名〗格洛沙腙〖所属类别〗抗微生物药物/合成抗菌药/其它类Control〖英文通用名〗Lorazepam〖中文通用名〗劳拉西泮〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗精神失常药/抗焦虑药Convallaton〖英文通用名〗Convallatoxin〖中文通用名〗铃兰毒苷〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Convallatoxin〖药品通用名〗铃兰毒苷〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Convallatoxol〖药品通用名〗铃兰醇苷〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Conversgl〖英文通用名〗Perindopril〖中文通用名〗培哚普利〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/降血压药Conversum〖英文通用名〗Perindopril〖中文通用名〗培哚普利〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/降血压药Convertal〖英文通用名〗Oxazolam〖中文通用名〗奥沙唑仑〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/镇静药、催眠药及抗惊厥药/其它类Convulex〖英文通用名〗Sodium Valproate〖中文通用名〗丙戊酸钠〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗癫痫药Convulexette〖英文通用名〗Sodium Valproate〖中文通用名〗丙戊酸钠〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗癫痫药Convuline〖英文通用名〗Carbamazepine〖中文通用名〗卡马西平〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗癫痫药Copangin Nonomack〖英文通用名〗Isosorbide Mononitrate〖中文通用名〗单硝酸异山梨酯〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Copoax〖英文通用名〗Cefalexin〖中文通用名〗头孢氨苄〖所属类别〗抗微生物药物/抗生素/头孢菌素类Coramin〖英文通用名〗Nikethamide〖中文通用名〗尼可刹米〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Coramine〖英文通用名〗Nikethamide〖中文通用名〗尼可刹米〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Corangin〖药品商品名〗康维欣〖英文通用名〗Isosorbide Mononitrate 〖中文通用名〗单硝酸异山梨酯Coratoline〖英文通用名〗Dilazep〖中文通用名〗地拉卓〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corazol〖英文通用名〗Pentetrazole〖中文通用名〗戊四氮〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Corazon〖英文通用名〗Nikethamide〖中文通用名〗尼可刹米〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Corbadrine〖药品通用名〗可巴君〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/其它类Corbionar〖英文通用名〗Amiodarone〖中文通用名〗胺碘酮〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/抗心律失常药Corbofos〖英文通用名〗Malathion〖中文通用名〗马拉硫磷〖所属类别〗其它药物/杀虫驱蚊灭螺毒鼠药Cordiaminum〖英文通用名〗Nikethamide〖中文通用名〗尼可刹米〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Cordianine〖英文通用名〗Allantoin〖中文通用名〗尿囊素〖所属类别〗各临床科室备用药物/外科用药及消毒防腐收敛药Cordilox〖英文通用名〗Verapamil〖中文通用名〗维拉帕米〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/钙拮抗药Cordoxene〖英文通用名〗Fenalcomine〖中文通用名〗非那可明〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Coredamin〖英文通用名〗Prenylamine〖中文通用名〗普尼拉明〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Coremax〖英文通用名〗Imolamine〖中文通用名〗伊莫拉明〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corflazine〖英文通用名〗Lidoflazine〖中文通用名〗利多氟嗪〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corgal〖英文通用名〗Gallopamil〖中文通用名〗戈洛帕米〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/周围血管扩张药Corglykon〖英文通用名〗Convallatoxin〖中文通用名〗铃兰毒苷〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Coriban〖英文通用名〗Diamfenetide〖中文通用名〗地芬尼泰〖所属类别〗抗寄生虫病药物/其它类Coribon〖英文通用名〗Dipyridamole〖中文通用名〗双嘧达莫〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corindolan〖英文通用名〗Mepindolol〖中文通用名〗甲吲洛尔〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗肾上腺素药/β受体阻滞剂Corintol〖英文通用名〗Beclamide〖中文通用名〗贝克拉胺〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/抗癫痫药Coritab〖药品商品名〗可利得〖英文通用名〗Phenylpropanolamine+Paracetamol+Chlorphenamine Maleate〖中文通用名〗苯丙醇胺+对乙酰氨基酚+马来酸氯苯那敏Corliprol〖英文通用名〗Celiprolol〖中文通用名〗塞利洛尔〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗肾上腺素药/β受体阻滞剂Cormed〖英文通用名〗Nikethamide〖中文通用名〗尼可刹米〖所属类别〗中枢神经系统药物/中枢兴奋药Cormedigin〖英文通用名〗Sotalol〖中文通用名〗索他洛尔〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗肾上腺素药/β受体阻滞剂Cormelian〖英文通用名〗Dilazep〖中文通用名〗地拉卓〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Cormetasone〖药品通用名〗可米松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Cornocentin〖英文通用名〗Ergometrine〖中文通用名〗麦角新碱〖所属类别〗生殖系统药物及泌乳功能药物/子宫收缩药及引产药Coronabason〖英文通用名〗Etafenone〖中文通用名〗依他苯酮〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Coronarine〖英文通用名〗Dipyridamole〖中文通用名〗双嘧达莫〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corontin〖英文通用名〗Prenylamine〖中文通用名〗普尼拉明〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corophyllin〖英文通用名〗Aminophylline〖中文通用名〗氨茶碱〖所属类别〗呼吸系统药物/平喘药/磷酸二酯酶抑制剂Corosan〖英文通用名〗Dipyridamole〖中文通用名〗双嘧达莫〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corotrop〖英文通用名〗Milrinone〖中文通用名〗米力农〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Corotrope〖英文通用名〗Milrinone〖中文通用名〗米力农〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/治疗慢性心功能不全的药物Coroxin〖英文通用名〗Dipyridamole〖中文通用名〗双嘧达莫〖所属类别〗循环系统药物/防治心绞痛药Corphyllamin〖英文通用名〗Aminophylline〖中文通用名〗氨茶碱〖所属类别〗呼吸系统药物/平喘药/磷酸二酯酶抑制剂Corrigast〖英文通用名〗Propantheline Bromide〖中文通用名〗溴丙胺太林〖所属类别〗植物神经系统药物/抗胆碱药Corrosive Sublimate〖英文通用名〗Mercuric Chloride〖中文通用名〗氯化汞〖所属类别〗各临床科室备用药物/外科用药及消毒防腐收敛药Cortancyl〖英文通用名〗Prednisone〖中文通用名〗泼尼松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Cortate〖英文通用名〗Cortisone〖中文通用名〗可的松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Cortelan〖英文通用名〗Cortisone〖中文通用名〗可的松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Cortexon〖英文通用名〗Desoxycortone〖中文通用名〗去氧皮质酮〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Corti-Bi〖英文通用名〗Meprednisone〖中文通用名〗甲泼尼松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Corticorelin〖药品通用名〗可的瑞林〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Corticotrophin〖药品通用名〗促皮质素〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/其它类Corticotrophin Zinc Hydroxide〖药品通用名〗促皮质素锌〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/脑垂体激素及其有关药物Corticotropin〖英文通用名〗Corticotrophin〖中文通用名〗促皮质素〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/其它类Corticotropine〖英文通用名〗Corticotrophin〖中文通用名〗促皮质素〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/其它类Corticotropinum〖英文通用名〗Corticotrophin〖中文通用名〗促皮质素〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/其它类Cortisol〖英文通用名〗Hydrocortisone〖中文通用名〗氢化可的松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素Cortisone〖药品通用名〗可的松〖所属类别〗激素及有关药物/肾上腺皮质激素及促肾上腺皮质激素关键字:医药学英汉药名词典生词表:。
精神病药物阿立哌唑的作用机理
精神病药物阿立哌唑的作用机理杨雯雁〔09354065〕柯玉娟〔09354097〕袁媛〔09354102〕郑小丽〔09354093〕温璐平〔09354121〕【摘要】1988年阿立哌唑的发现,是受精神分裂症的几种优势病因假说指导。
经历的Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ期临床试验提示,阿立哌唑具有起效快、平安性高及耐受性好等临床特性。
多年来人们一直在探讨阿立哌唑的作用机制,其中有两种较为权威的说法。
其一,多巴胺假说。
认为脑内多巴胺能神经递质异常引起精神分裂症病症。
其二,血清素假说。
认为多巴胺的活动,受血清素能神经元调节。
我们小组旨在研究对抗最典型的精神类疾病——精神分裂症的药物作用机理的同时,增加自己的生物化学课外知识,锻炼小组合作和深入探讨和研究的能力。
【关键词】阿立哌唑;精神分裂症;多巴胺受体;作用机制一、我们选择研究精神分裂症药物的原因以及研究精神疾病的意义人类有很长一段历史对精神卫生健康的关注是一片空白。
人们片面地以为身体健康就能百分之百衡量一个人的健康程度。
然而大多数人不知道,精神健康在很大程度上影响着人们的正常生活和工作学习的进度,不健康的精神状况不仅会使自身遭受痛苦,同时也带给周围的家人朋友很大的负担。
精神疾病在古时候被认为是和宗教中的恶魔或者巫术有关,这样的误解不仅耽误了对精神病人的及时治疗,也使历史上对精神疾病这一领域的科学研究停滞不前。
1991年,尼泊尔提交了第一份关于“世界精神卫生日〞活动的报告。
由此拉开了人们关注人类精神健康的序幕。
随后的十多年里,许多国家参与进来,世界卫生组织确定将每年的10月10日作为特殊的日子“世界精神卫生日〞,提高公众对精神疾病的认识,分享科学有效的疾病知识,消除公众的偏见。
目前全世界共约有亿各类精神和脑部疾病患者,每4个人中就有1人在其一生中的某个时段产生某种精神障碍,精神卫生已经成为一个突出的社会问题。
至今,精神卫生健康已成为人类健康的一大重要领域。
我们小组旨在研究对抗最典型的精神类疾病——精神分裂症的药物作用机理的同时,增加自己的生物化学课外知识,锻炼小组合作和深入探讨和研究的能力。
抗精神病药物【英文】
Dopaminergic Systems
The nigrostriatal pathway (coordination of voluntary movement )
Mesolimbic- mesocortical ( behavior )
Tuberoinfundibular- pituitary system
Nature of psychosis /schizophrenia
The dopamine hypothesis
excessive dopaminergic activity plays a role in the disorder.
The enhancement of function of 5-HT2
Psychotropic Drugs 抗精神失常药
Classification:
antipsychotic drugs 抗精神病药物 neurotropic drugs 神经安定剂 antimanic drugs 抗躁狂药物 antidepressants 抗抑郁药物 anxiolytics 抗焦虑药物
Therapeutic uses
schizophrenia 精神分裂症 severe nausea and vomiting hypothermic anesthesia 低温麻醉 and artificial hibernation 人工冬眠
(氯丙嗪 – 异丙嗪 – 哌替啶)
more effective in treating positive symptoms
useful in the treatment of drug-induced nausea
精神病英文名
阿尔茨海默(Alzheimer)病Mental disorders due to Alzheimer is disease匹克(Pick)病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Pick is diseasf享廷顿(Huntington)病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Huntington is disease帕金森(Parkinson)病所致精神障碍[Mental disorders due to Parkinson is disease肝豆状核变性(Wilson病)所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to hepatolenticular degeneration(Wilson is disease)颅内感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to intracranial infection急性病毒性脑炎所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to acute virus encephalitis克—雅病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease脑炎后综合征Postencephalitic syndrome躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical diseases躯体感染所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical infection人类免疫缺陷病毒所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)内脏器官疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to visceral organdisease内分泌疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to endocrine disease营养代谢疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to nutritional and metabolic disease结缔组织疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to disease of connective tissue系统性红斑狼疮所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)染色体异常所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to chromosomal abnormality物理因素所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to physical factors以上未分类的其他躯体疾病所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecifide围生期精神障碍Puerperal mental disorder其他或待分类器质性精神Organic mental disorders due to other diseases,or unspecified器质性智能损害(痴呆)Organic intellectual deficiency(dementia)器质性遗忘Organic amnesic syndrime器质性人格改变、习惯与冲动改变、性心理改变Organic personality change, habit and impulse change, psychosexual change器质性意识障碍(如谵妄)Organic consciousness disorders (e.g, delirium)器质性精神病性症状Organic psychotic symptoms器质性情感障碍Organic mood disorders器质性神经症样综合征Organic neurosis-like syndrome精神活性物质所致精神障碍或非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due psychoactive substances or non-addictive substances精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of psychoactive substances酒精所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of alcohol阿片类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of opioids大麻类物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of cannabinoids镇静催眠药或抗焦虑药所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of sedatives or hypnotics兴奋剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of stimulants致幻剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of hallucinogens烟草所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of tobacco挥发性溶剂所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to use of volative solvents其他或待分类的精神活性物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other psychoactive substances,or unspecifide急性中毒Acute intoxication有害使用Harmful use依赖综合征(成瘾综合征)Dependencd (addictive)syndrome戒断综合征Withdrawal syndrome精神病性障碍Psychotc disorders智能损害(痴呆)Intellectual deficiency (dementia)遗忘综合征Amnesic syndrome残留性或迟发性精神障碍Residual and late-onset mental disorder意识障碍(如谵妄、昏迷)Predominant disturbance of vonsciousness幻觉症Hallucinosis妄想症Delusionosis抑郁综合征Depressive syndrome躁狂综合征Manic syndrome病理性中毒Pathological intoxication病理性重现(闪回)Flashbacks非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive substances 非成瘾药物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to non-addictive drugs一氧化碳所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to carbon monoxide有机化合物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to organic compound重金属所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to heavy metals食物所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to foods其他或待分类的非成瘾物质所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to other non-addictive substances, or unspecified精神分裂症(分裂症)和其他精神病性障碍Schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders精神分裂症(分裂症)Schizophrenia偏执型分裂症Paranoid schizophrenia青春型(瓦解型)分裂症Hebephrenic schizophrenia紧张型分裂症Catatonic schizophrenia单纯型分裂症Simple schizophrenia未定型分裂症Undifferentiated schizophrenia其他型或待分类的精神分裂症Other type or unspecified schizophrenia精神分裂症后抑郁Post-schizophrenic depression精神分裂症缓解期Remitted schizophrenia精神分裂症残留期Residual schizophrenia慢性精神分裂症Chronic schizophrenia精神分裂症衰退期Deteriorated schizophrenia偏执性精神障碍Paranoid mental disorders急性短暂性精神病Acute and transient psychosis分裂样精神病Schizophrenia-like psychosis旅途性精神病Travelling psychosis妄想阵发(急性妄想发作)Delusional episodes其他或待分类的急性短暂精神病Other or unspecified acute and transient psychosis感应性精神病Induced psychosis分裂情感性精神病Schizoaffective psychosis分裂情感性精神病,躁狂型Schiaoaffective psychosis , manic type分裂情感性精神病,抑郁型Schizoaffective psychosis, depressive type分裂情感性精神病,混合型Schizoaffective psychosis, mixed type其他或待分类的精神病性障碍Other or unspecified psychotic disorders周期性精神病Periodic psychosis心境障碍(情感性精神障碍)Mood disorders(Affective disorders)躁狂发作Manic episode轻性躁狂症(轻躁狂)Hypomania无精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的躁狂症Mania with psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂Recurrent mania复发性躁狂症,目前为轻躁狂Recurent mania, current episode hypomanic复发性躁狂症,目前为无精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic without psychotic symptoms复发性躁狂症,目前为有精神病性症状的躁狂Recurrent mania, current episode manic with psychotic symptoms其他或待分类的躁狂Other or unspecifided manic episode抑郁发作Depressive episode轻性抑郁症(轻抑郁)Mild depression无精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁症Depression with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症Recurrent depression复发性抑郁症,目前为轻抑郁Recurrent depression,current episode mild depressive复发性抑郁症,目前为无精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent disorder,current episode depressive without psychotic symptoms有精神病性症状的抑郁Recurrent depressive disorder,current episode depressive with psychotic symptoms复发性抑郁症,目前为其他或待分类的抑郁症Other or unspecifide depression持续性心境障碍Persistent mood disorder环性心境障碍Cyclothymia恶劣心境Dysthymia其他或待分类的持续性心境障碍Other or unspecifide persistent mood disorders其他或待分类的心境障碍Other or unspecified mood disorders意识障碍(如谵妄)Disturbance of consciousness (e.g.delirium)伴躯体症状With somatic symptoms慢性Chronic缓解期In remission癔症、应激相关障碍、神经症Hysteria ,Stress-related disorders,Neurosis癔症Hysteria癔症性精神障碍Hysterical psychological disorders癔症性遗忘Hysterical amnesia癔症性漫游Hysterical fugue癔症性身份识别障碍Hysterical identity disorder癔症性精神病Hysterical psychosis癔症性附体障碍Hysterical possession disorders癔症性木僵Hysterical stupor癔症性躯体障碍Hysterical somatic disorders癔症性运动障碍Hysterical motor disorders癔症性抽搐发作Hysterical convulsions癔症性感觉障碍Hysterical sensory disorders综合征Ganser is syndrome应激相关障碍Stress-related disorders急性应激障碍Acute stress disorders急性应激性精神病(急性反应性精神病)Acute stress psychosis(acute reactive psychosis)创伤后应激障碍Post-traumatic stress disorders适应障碍Adjustment disorders短期抑郁反应Brief depressive reaction中期抑郁反应Subprolonged depressive reaction长期抑郁反应Prolonged depressive reaction其他恶劣情绪为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with disturbance of other emotions混合性焦虑抑郁反应Mixed anxiety and depressive reaction品行障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with predominant disturbance of conduct心境和品行混合性障碍为主的适应障碍Adjustment disorders with mixed disturbance of emotionsand conduct其他或待分类的应激相关障碍Other or unspecified stress-related disorders与文化相关的精神障碍Mental disorders related to culture气功所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qigong巫术所致精神障碍Mental disorders due to qitchcraft恐缩症Koro其他或待分类的与文化相关的精神障碍Other or unspecified mental disorders related to culture神经症Neurosis恐惧症(恐怖症)Phobia场所恐惧症Agoraphobia社交恐惧症(社交焦虑症)Social phobia特定的恐惧症Specific phobias焦虑症Anxiety disorder惊恐障碍Panic disorder广泛性焦虑Generalized anxiety disorder强迫症Obsession躯体形式障碍Somatoform disorders躯体化障碍Somatization disorder未分化躯体形式障碍Undifferentiated somatoform disorders疑病症Hypochondriasis躯体形式植物神经紊乱Somatoform autonomic dysfunction心血管系统功能紊乱Heart and cardiovascular system dysfunction高位胃肠道功能紊乱Upper gastrointestinal tract dysfunction低位胃肠道功能紊乱Lower gastrointestinal tract dysfunction呼吸系统功能紊乱Respiratory sstem dysfunction泌尿生殖系统功能紊乱Genitourinary system dysfunction持续性躯体形式疼痛障碍Persistent somatoform pain disorder其他或待分类躯体形式障碍Other or unspecified somatoform disorders神经衰弱Neurasthenia [F48.0]其他或待分类的神经症Other or unspecified neruosis心理因素相关生理障碍Physiological disorders related to psychological factords 进食障碍Eating disorders神经性厌食Anorexia nervosa神经性贪食Bulimia nervosa神经性呕吐Psychogenia nervosa非器质性睡眠障碍Nonorganic sleep disorders失眠症Insomnia嗜睡症Hypersomnia睡眠—觉醒节律障碍Disorder of the sleep-wake schedule睡行症Sleepwalking/somnambulism夜惊Night terrors梦魇Nightmares其他或待分类非器质性睡眠障碍Other or unspecified nonorganic sleep disorders 非器质性性功能障碍Nonorganic sexual dysfunction性欲减退Lack or loss of sexual desire阳痿Impotence冷阴Failure of femalegenital response性乐高潮障碍Orgasmic dysfunction早泄Premature ejaculation阴道痉挛Vaginismus性交疼痛Dyspareunia人格障碍、习惯和冲动控制障碍、性心理障碍Personality disorders, Habit and impulse disorders, Psychosexual disorders人格障碍Personality disorders偏执性人格障碍Paranoid personality disorder分裂样人格障碍Cchizoid personality disorder反社会性人格障碍Dissocial personality disorder冲动性人格障碍(攻击性人格障碍)Impulsive personality disorder表演性(癔症性)人格障碍Histrionic (hysterical )personality disorder强迫性人格障碍Anankastic personality disorder焦虑性人格障碍Anxious personality disorder依赖性人格障碍Dependent personality disorder其他或待分类的人格障碍Other or unspecified personality disorder习惯与冲动控制障碍Habit and impulse disorders病理性赌博Pathological gambling病理性纵火Pathological fire-setting病理性偷窃Pathological stealing拔毛症(病理性拔毛发)Trichotillomania其他或未特定的习惯和冲动障碍Other or unspecified habit snd impulse disorders性心理障碍(性变态)Psychosexual disorders性身份障碍Gerder identity disorders易性症Transsexualism性偏好障碍Disorders of sexual preference恋物症Fetishism异装症Fetishistic transvestism露阴症Exhibitionism窥阴症Voyeurism磨擦症Frotteurism性施虐与性受虐症Sadomasochism混合型性偏好障碍Mixed disorders of sexual perference性指向障碍Sexual orientation disorders同性恋Homosexuality双性恋Bisexuality精神发育迟滞Mental retardation轻度精神发育迟滞Mild mental retardation中度精神发育迟滞Moderate mental retardation重度精神发育迟滞Severe mental retardation极重度精神发育迟滞Profound mental retardation其他或待分类的精神发育迟滞Other or unspecified mental retardation 无或轻微的行为障碍No or minimal impairment of behavior言语和语言发育障碍Developmental disorders of speech and language特定言语构音障碍Specific speech articulation disorder表达性语言障碍Expressive language disorder感受性语言障碍Receptive language disorder特定学校技能发育障碍Specific developmental disorders of scholastic skills特定阅读障碍Specific reading disorder特定拼写障碍Specific spelling disorder特定计算技能障碍Specific disorder of arithmetical skills混合性学习技能障碍Mixed disorder of scholastic skills不典型孤独症Atypical autismRett综合征Rett is syndrome童年瓦解性精神障碍(Heller综合征)Childhood disintegrative disorder(Heller is syndrome )Asperger综合征Asperger is syndrome其他或待分类的广泛性发育障碍Ogher or unspecified pervasive developmental disorders童年和少年期的多动障碍、品行障碍和情绪障碍Hyperkinetic, Conduct, and Emotional disorders with onset usually occurring in childhood and adolescence多动障碍Hyperkinetic disorders注意缺陷与多动障碍(儿童多动症)Attention dificit and hyperactivity disorder多动症合并品行障碍Hyperkinetic conduct disorder其他或待分类的多动障碍Other or unspecified hyperkinetic disorders品行障碍Conduct disorders [F91]反社会性品行障碍dissocial conduct disorder对立违抗性障碍Oppositional defiant disorder抽动障碍Tic disorders短暂性抽动障碍(抽动症)Transient tic disorder慢性运动或发声抽动障碍Chronic motor or vocal tic disorder 非器质性遗尿症Nonorganic enuresis非器质性遗粪症Nonorganic encopresis刻板性运动障碍Stereotyped movement disorders口吃Stuttering无精神病Without psychosis诈病Malingering自杀Suicie自杀死亡Complete suicide自杀未遂Incomplete suicide准自杀Parasuicide自伤Deliberate sdle-harm病理性激情Pathological emotional outbursts病理性半醒状态Pathological semi-awakening state。
精神病药物 【英文】
fish MAO in liver breaks down tyramine Causes a hypertensive crisis "cheese syndrome"
blood pressure stroke death increased heart rate heart attack death
MAOI
Use in late 1950s & ended in early 1960s
use ended due to side effect (death)
MAO breaks down many chemicals including tyramine
Tyramine
is present in cheeses, red wines, alcohol, smoked
Ineffective,
but elevated mood of patients Patients became more active and more sociable due to MAO inhibition
MAO degrades 5-HT, NE & DA Leads to increased availability of neurotransmitter for release
increased
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Act as agonists to catecholamines No "cheese syndrome" Side effects are the major problem
英文名称english name 剂型dosage form
序号 No.品种名称 Chinese Name 英文名称 English Name 剂型 Dosage form 备注 Remarks 1青霉素Benzylpenicillin注射剂 injection 2苯唑西林Oxacillin注射剂 injection 3氨苄西林Ampicillin注射剂 injection 4哌拉西林Piperacillin注射剂 injection 5阿莫西林Amoxicillin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 6阿莫西林克拉维酸钾Amoxicillin and Clavulanate Potassium 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 7头孢唑林Cefazolin 注射剂 injection 8头孢氨苄Cefalexin 口服常释剂型、颗粒剂 regular oral dosage form, granule 9头孢呋辛Cefuroxime 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 注释1 note 110头孢曲松Ceftriaxone 注射剂 injection11阿米卡星Amikacin 注射剂 injection12庆大霉素Gentamycin 注射剂 injection13红霉素Erythromycin 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form,injection 14阿奇霉素Azithromycin 口服常释剂型、颗粒剂 regular oral dosageform, granule(五)其他抗生素 (5) the other antibiotics国家基本药物目录(基层医疗卫生机构配备使用部分)(2009版) National EssentialMedicine List(for Primary Healthcare Facilities)(2009)第一部分 化学药品和生物制品 Part I Chemical& Biological Products一、抗微生物药 1.Antimicrobial Agents(一)青霉素类 (1)penicillins(二)头孢菌素类 (2) cephalosporin(三)氨基糖苷类 (3)aminoglycoside (四)大环内酯类 (4)macrolide15克林霉素Clindamycin 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 16磷霉素Fosfomycin注射剂 injection 17复方磺胺甲噁唑Compound Sulfamethoxazole口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 18诺氟沙星Norfloxacin口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 19环丙沙星Ciprofloxacin口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 20左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form,injection21呋喃妥因Nitrofurantoin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form22异烟肼Isoniazid 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, injection23利福平Rifampicin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form24吡嗪酰胺Pyrazinamide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form25乙胺丁醇Ethambutol 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form26链霉素Streptomycin 注射剂 injection27对氨基水杨酸钠Sodium Aminosalicylate 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, injection28氨苯砜Dapsone 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form29氟康唑Fluconazole 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form30制霉素 Nysfungin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form31阿昔洛韦Aciclovir 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form32利巴韦林Ribavirin 口服常释剂型、颗粒剂、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, granule,injection33抗艾滋病用药anti-HIV注释2note 2(十二)抗病毒药(12)antiviral (六)磺胺类(6)sulfamido (十)抗麻风病药(10)antileprotic (九)抗结核病药(9)antituberclotic (十一)抗真菌药(11)antifungal (七)喹诺酮类(八)硝基呋喃类(8)nitrofuran34氯喹Chloroquine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 35伯氨喹Primaquine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 36青蒿素类药物artemisinins 注释3note337甲硝唑Metronidazole 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, injection38葡萄糖酸锑钠Sodium Stibogluconate 注射剂 injection39吡喹酮Praziquantel 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form40阿苯达唑Albendazole口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 41利多卡因Lidocaine注射剂 injection 42布比卡因Bupivacaine注射剂 injection 43普鲁卡因Procaine注射剂 injection 44氯胺酮Ketamine 注射剂 injection45芬太尼Fentanyl 注射剂 injection 46哌替啶Pethidine 注射剂 injection二、抗寄生虫病药 2.antiparasitic(二)解热镇痛、抗炎、抗风湿药 (2)fever relieve,antiinflammatory,anti-rheumatism(四)抗血吸虫病药(4)antimony (五)驱肠虫药(5)anthelmintic agent(一)抗疟药(1)antimalarial(二)抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药(2)anti-amebiasis & anti-trichomoniasis (三)抗利什曼原虫病药(3)anti-leishmanis (一)镇痛药(1)analgesia三、麻醉药 3.anesthetic(一)局部麻醉药(1)local anesthetic(二)全身麻醉药(3)general anesthetic四、镇痛、解热、抗炎、抗风湿、抗痛风药 4.analgesia,fever relieve,antiinflammatory,anti-rheumatism and antipodagrics47对乙酰氨基酚Paracetamol 口服常释剂型、颗粒剂 regular oral dosage form, granule 48阿司匹林Aspirin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 49布洛芬Ibuprofen 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 50双氯芬酸Diclofenac 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型 regualr oral dosage fore, oral sustained-release form 51吲哚美辛Indometacin栓剂 suppository 52别嘌醇Allopurinol口服常释剂型 regular oral doasge form 53秋水仙碱Colchicine口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 54金刚烷胺Amantadine口服常释剂型 regualr oral dosage form 55苯海索Benzhexol口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 56新斯的明Neostigmine注射剂 injection 57卡马西平Carbamazepine口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 58丙戊酸钠Sodium Valproate口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 59苯妥英钠Phenytoin Sodium 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 60苯巴比妥Phenobarbital口服常释剂型、注射剂regular oral dosage form, injection 61尼莫地平Nimodipine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 62麦角胺咖啡因Ergotamine and Caffeine口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 63甘露醇Mannitol注射剂 injection 64地西泮Diazepam口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oraldosage form, injection(五)镇静催眠药(5)sadetive hypotics(三)抗痛风药(3)antipodagrics五、神经系统用药 5.medicines for nervous system (一)抗帕金森病药(1)antiparkinsonnism drugs(二)抗重症肌无力药(2)antimyasthenic(三)抗癫痫药(3)antiepileptic(四)脑血管病用药及降颅压药(4)medicines for cerebrovascular diseases & intracranial pressure release65胞磷胆碱Citicoline 注射剂 injection 66尼可刹米Nikethamide 注射剂 injection 67洛贝林Lobeline 注射剂 injection68奋乃静Perphenazine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 69氯丙嗪Chlorpromazine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 70氟哌啶醇Haloperidol 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oraldosage form, injection71艾司唑仑Estazolam 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form72阿米替林Amitriptyline 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 73多塞平Doxepin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 74硝酸甘油Nitroglycerin 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection75硝酸异山梨酯Isosorbide Dinitrate 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 76硝苯地平Nifedipine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 77美西律Mexiletine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 78普罗帕酮Propafenone 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection79普鲁卡因胺Procainamide 注射剂 injection 80普萘洛尔Propranolol 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 81阿替洛尔Atenolol 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form七、心血管系统用药 7.medicines for cardiovasculardiseases(一)抗心绞痛药(1)antianginal(二)抗心律失常药(2)antiarrhythmic 六、治疗精神障碍药 6.medicines for psychonosema(一)抗精神病药(1)antipsychotic drugs(二)抗焦虑药(2)antianxietic(三)抗抑郁药(3)antidepressant (六)其他 (6)the others82美托洛尔Metoprolol 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 83胺碘酮Amiodarone 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 84维拉帕米Verapamil 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, injection85地高辛Digoxin 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosageform, injection86去乙酰毛花苷Deslanoside 注射剂 injection87卡托普利Captopril 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form88依那普利Enalapril 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form89硝普钠Sodium Nitroprusside 注射剂 injection90硫酸镁Magnesium Sulfate 注射剂 injection 91尼群地平Nitrendipine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosageform 92吲达帕胺Indapamide 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型 regualr oraldosage fore, oral sustained-release form93酚妥拉明Phentolamine 注射剂 injection 94复方利血平Compound Reserpine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosageform 95复方利血平氨苯蝶啶Compound Hypotensive 口服常释剂型 regular oraldosage form96肾上腺素Adrenaline 注射剂 injection97去甲肾上腺素Noradrenaline 注射剂 injection98异丙肾上腺素Isoprenaline 注射剂 injection99间羟胺Metaraminol 注射剂 injection100多巴胺Dopamine 注射剂 injection101多巴酚丁胺Dobutamine 注射剂 injection102辛伐他汀Simvastatin口服常释剂型 regular oraldosage form(三)抗心力衰竭药(3)medicines for heart failure (四)抗高血压药(4)antihypertensive (五)抗休克药(5)antishock drugs (六)调脂及抗动脉粥样硬化药(6)lipid lower & antiatherosclerotic103溴己新Bromhexine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form104氨溴索Ambroxol 口服常释剂型、口服溶液剂 regular oral dosage form,oral solution105喷托维林Pentoxyverine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form106复方甘草Compound Liquorice 口服常释剂型、口服溶液剂 regular oral dosage form,oral solution107沙丁胺醇Salbutamol 气雾剂、雾化溶液 aerosol,nebulizing soltion 108氨茶碱Aminophylline 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, oral sustained-releasing form,injection109茶碱Theophylline 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型 regualr oral dosage fore, oral sustained-release form 110复方氢氧化铝Compound Aluminium Hydroxide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form111雷尼替丁Ranitidine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection112法莫替丁Famotidine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection113奥美拉唑Omeprazole 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form114枸橼酸铋钾Bismuth Potassium Citrate 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form(一)祛痰药(1)apophlegmatic(二)镇咳药(2)antibechic(三)平喘药(3)antiasthmatic 九、消化系统用药 9.medicines fordigestive system diseases (一)抗酸药及抗溃疡病药(1)antacid & antiulcerative八、呼吸系统用药 8.medicines for respiratorydiseases (二)助消化药(2)dijex116颠茄Belladonna 口服常释剂型、酊剂 regularoral dosage form,tincture117山莨菪碱Anisodamine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regularoral dosage form, injection118阿托品Atropine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regularoral dosage form, injection119多潘立酮Domperidone 口服常释剂型regular oral dosage form120甲氧氯普胺Metoclopramide 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regularoral dosage form, injection121开塞露Glycerine Enema 灌肠剂 enema122酚酞Phenolphthalein 口服常释剂型 regularoral dosage form123蒙脱石Smectite 口服散剂oral pulvis124熊去氧胆酸Ursodeoxycholic Acid 口服常释剂型regular oral dosage form125联苯双酯Bifendate口服常释剂型、滴丸剂 regularoral dosage form,drop pill 126小檗碱(黄连素)Berberine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 127呋塞米Furosemide 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection128氢氯噻嗪Hydrochlorothiazide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form(六)其他(6)the others十、泌尿系统用药 10.medicines for urinarysystem (一)利尿药 (1)diuretic(三)胃肠解痉药及胃动力药(3)antispastic & gastric motivation drugs (四)泻药及止泻药(4)cathartic & constipating remedy (五)肝胆疾病用药(5)medicines for liver & gall diseases130氨苯蝶啶Triamterene 口服常释剂型 regular oraldosage form131特拉唑嗪Terazosin口服常释剂型regular oral dosage form132硫酸亚铁Ferrous Sulfate 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型 regualr oral dosage form, oral sustained-release form133右旋糖酐铁Iron Dextran 注射剂 injection 134维生素B 12Vitamin B 12注射剂 injection 135叶酸Folic Acid 口服常释剂型 regular oraldosage form*(48)阿司匹林Aspirin 口服常释剂型regular oral dosage form136双嘧达莫Dipyridamole 口服常释剂型 regularoral dosage form137凝血酶Thrombin 外用冻干粉topical freeze-dry powder138维生素K 1Vitamin K 1注射剂 injection139氨甲苯酸Aminomethylbenzoic Acid口服常释剂型regular oral dosage form 140肝素Heparin 注射剂 injection141右旋糖酐(40,70)Dextran(40,70)注射剂 injection 十一、血液系统用药 11.medicines forhematological system(五)血容量扩充剂(5) blood volume supplemental agent十二、激素及影响内分泌药 12. hormones& endocrinal agents(二)良性前列腺增生用药(2) benigh prostatic hyperplasia drugs(三)促凝血药(3)blood coagulant (四)抗凝血药及溶栓药(4)anticoagulant & thrombolytic drugs(一)抗贫血药 (1)antianemia drugs(二)抗血小板药(2)antiplateletdrug142绒促性素Chorionic Gonadotrophin注射剂 injection143氢化可的松Hydrocortisone 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection144泼尼松Prednisone 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form145地塞米松Dexamethasone 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection146胰岛素Insulin注射剂 injection 注释4 note4147二甲双胍Metformin 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form148格列本脲Glibenclamide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form149格列吡嗪Glipizide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form150甲状腺片Thyroid Tablets 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form151甲巯咪唑Thiamazole 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form152丙硫氧嘧啶Propylthiouracil 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form153丙酸睾酮Testosterone Propionate注射剂 injection154甲睾酮Methyltestosterone 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form(一)下丘脑垂体激素及其类似物(1)hypothalamus-hypophyseal hormines & analogs (二)肾上腺皮质激素类药 (2)corticoid(三)胰岛素及口服降血糖药(3)insulin & oral hypoglycemic agents1.胰岛素 1.insulin2.口服降血糖药2. oral hypoglycemic agents(四)甲状腺激素及抗甲状腺药(4)thyroid hormones & antithyroid drugs(五)雄激素及同化激素(5)androgen & anabolic hormones(六)雌激素及孕激素(5)estrogen & progestogen155黄体酮Progesterone 注射剂 injection 156甲羟孕酮Medroxyprogesterone 口服常释剂型 regular oraldosage form157氯苯那敏Chlorphenamine口服常释剂型 regularoral dosage form158苯海拉明Diphenhydramine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection159赛庚啶Cyproheptadine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form160异丙嗪Promethazine 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection 161雷公藤多苷Tripterygium Glycosides 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 162硫唑嘌呤Azathioprine 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 163维生素B 1Vitamin B 1注射剂 injection 164维生素B 2Vitamin B 2口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form 165维生素B 6Vitamin B 6注射剂 injection 166维生素C Vitamin C 注射剂 injection 167维生素D 2Vitamin D 2口服常释剂型、注射剂 regular oral dosage form, injection168葡萄糖酸钙Calcium Gluconate 口服常释剂型、注射剂regular oral dosage form, injection169复方氨基酸18AA Compound Amino Acid 18AA注射剂 injection十五、维生素、矿物质类药 15.vitamines &minerals (一)维生素(1)vitamines (二)矿物质(2)minerals (三)肠外营养药(3)parenteral alimentation drugs 十四、免疫系统用药 14.medicines forimmunological system 十三、抗变态反应药 13.anti-allergic drugs11170口服补液盐Oral Rehydration Salts口服散剂 oralpulvis 171氯化钠Sodium Chloride注射剂 injection 172葡萄糖氯化钠Glucose and Sodium Chloride注射剂 injection 173复方氯化钠Compound Sodium Chloride注射剂 injection 174氯化钾Potassium Chloride 口服常释剂型、口服缓释剂型、颗粒剂、注射剂regular oral dosage form, oral sustained -releasing form,granule,injection175乳酸钠林格Sodium Lactate Ringer's 注射剂 injection176碳酸氢钠Sodium Bicarbonate 口服常释剂型、注射剂 regularoral dosage form, injection177葡萄糖Glucose 注射剂 injection178硫代硫酸钠Sodium Thiosulfate 注射剂 injection179氯解磷定Pralidoxime Chloride 注射剂 injection180亚甲蓝Methylthioninium Chloride 注射剂 injection181纳洛酮Naloxone 注射剂 injection182乙酰胺Acetamide 注射剂 injection 183破伤风抗毒素Tetanus Antitoxin 注射剂 injection184抗狂犬病血清Rabies Antiserum 注射剂 injection185抗蛇毒血清Snake Antivenin 注射剂 injection 注释5 note5(五)鼠药解毒药(5)medicine for rat poisonous agents十八、生物制品 18. biologicalproducts(三)其他(3).the others 十七、解毒药17.antidote (一)氰化物中毒解毒药(1)medicine for cyanide poisoning(二)有机磷酸酯类中毒解毒药(2)medicine for organophosphorus poisoning(三)亚硝酸盐中毒解毒药(3)medicine for nitrite poisoning(四)阿片类中毒解毒药(4)medicine for opioid poisoning十六、调节水、电解质及酸碱平衡药 16. medicines correcting water,electrolyte & acid-base disturbances(一)水、电解质平衡调节药(1)medicines correcting water & electrolyte(二)酸碱平衡调节药(2)medicines correcting acid-base disturbances 12186国家免疫规划用疫苗vaccines for national immunization program 注释6 note6187泛影葡胺 Meglumine Diatrizoate 注射剂 injection188硫酸钡Barium Sulfate 干混悬剂 dry suspension 注释7 note7*(13)红霉素Erythromycin外用软膏剂型 topical ointment *(31)阿昔洛韦Aciclovir外用软膏剂型 topical ointment 189咪康唑Miconazole外用软膏剂型 topical ointment 190尿素Urea外用软膏剂型 topical ointment 191鱼石脂Ichthammol外用软膏剂型 topical ointment 192水杨酸Salicylic Acid外用软膏剂型 topical ointment *(143)氢化可的松Hydrocortisone外用软膏剂型 topical ointment 193维A酸Tretinoin外用软膏剂型、凝胶剂topical ointment,gel 194氯霉素Chloramphenicol滴眼剂 eye drop *(20)左氧氟沙星Levofloxacin滴眼剂 eye drop *(31)阿昔洛韦Aciclovir滴眼剂 eye drop *(13)红霉素Erythromycin眼膏剂 oculentum 195毛果芸香碱Pilocarpine 注射剂、滴眼剂 injection, eye drop 196噻吗洛尔Timolol滴眼剂 eye drop十九、诊断用药 19.diagnostic agents二十、皮肤科用药 20.medicines for dermatology(一)抗感染药(1)antiinfective(二)角质溶解药(2)keratolytic(四)其他(4)the others二十一、眼科用药 21.ophthalmic remedy(一)抗感染药(1)antiinfective(二)青光眼用药(2)glaucoma drugs(三)肾上腺皮质激素类药(2)corticoid13197乙酰唑胺Acetazolamide 口服常释剂型 regular oral dosage form*(118)阿托品Atropine 滴眼剂、眼膏剂 eye drop, oculentum198可的松Cortisone 滴眼剂、眼膏剂 eye drop, oculentum199麻黄碱Ephedrine滴鼻剂 nasal drop 200氧氟沙星Ofloxacin滴耳剂 ear drop201地芬尼多Difenidol 口服常释剂型 regualr oral dosage form202缩宫素Oxytocin注射剂 injection 203麦角新碱Ergometrine注射剂 injection 204垂体后叶注射液Posterior Pituitary Injection注射剂 injection *(189)咪康唑Miconazole栓剂 suppository*(37)甲硝唑Metronidazole 阴道泡腾片剂、栓剂 vaginal effervescent tablets,suppository205避孕药contraceptives 注释8 note8(三)其他(3).the others二十二、耳鼻喉科用药 22.ear,nose,throatdrugs二十三、妇产科用药 23.gynaecology & obstetricsdrugs(一)子宫收缩药(1)oxytocic(二)其他(2)the others二十四、计划生育用药 24.birth controlagents14。
100个药学名词中英文对照
100个药学名词中英文对照1.Adverse effect-不良反应2.Analgesic-镇痛剂3.Antibiotic-抗生素4.Antidepressant-抗抑郁剂5.Antihistamine-抗组胺药6.Anti-inflammatory-抗炎药7.Antipyretic-退热药8.Apothecary-药剂师9.Aspirin-阿司匹林10.Biopharmaceuticals-生物制药11.Capsule-胶囊12.Carcinogen-致癌物13.Clinical trial-临床试验14.Contraindication-禁忌症15.Counterfeit-假冒伪劣的16.Cytotoxic-细胞毒性的17.Dosage-剂量18.Drug interaction-药物相互作用19.Efficacy-疗效20.Excipient-辅料21.FDA-美国食品药品监督管理局22.Generic drug-常规药品23.GMP-药品良好生产规范24.Herbal medicine-中草药25.Hormone-激素26.Iatrogenic-医源性的27.Immunosuppressant-免疫抑制剂28.In vitro-体外实验29.In vivo-体内实验30.Injection-注射剂31.Lethal dose-致死剂量32.Lot number-批号33.Mass spectrometry-质谱分析法34.Medicine-药物35.Narcotic-麻醉剂36.Nebulizer-雾化器37.Ointment-软膏38.Over-the-counter-非处方药39.Parenteral-无肠道给药的40.Pharmaceutical-制药的41.Pharmacodynamics-药效学42.Pharmacokinetics-药代动力学43.Pharmacology-药理学44.Pharmacotherapy-药物治疗学45.Placebo-安慰剂46.Poison-毒药47.Prescription-处方48.Prophylactic-预防性的49.Psychoactive-心理活性的50.Refill-续方51.Side effect-副作用52.Solubility-溶解度53.Solution-溶液54.Sterile-无菌的55.Sublingual-舌下的56.Synergy-协同作用57.Tablet-片剂58.Therapeutic-治疗上的59.Toxicology-毒理学60.Transdermal-经皮的61.Tuberculosis-结核病62.Vial-小瓶63.Anesthetic-麻醉剂64.Antianxiety-抗焦虑药65.Antiarrhythmic-抗心律失常药66.Anticoagulant-抗凝剂67.Anticonvulsant-抗癫痫药68.Antidiabetic-抗糖尿病药69.Antifungal-抗真菌药70.Antineoplastic-抗肿瘤药71.Antipsychotic-抗精神病药72.Antiretroviral-抗逆转录病毒药73.Antitussive-止咳药74.Antiviral-抗病毒药75.Beta blocker-贝塔受体阻滞剂76.Biologic-生物学的77.Blood thinner-血液稀释剂78.Bronchodilator-支气管扩张剂79.Chemotherapy-化疗80.Cholesterol-lowering-降低胆固醇的81.CYP450-细胞色素P45082.Depressant-镇静剂83.Diuretic-利尿剂84.Dose-response-剂量反应85.Enzyme inhibitor-酶抑制剂86.Expiration date-有效期87.Fat soluble-脂溶性的88.Gastrointestinal-胃肠的89.Half-life-半衰期90.Humectant-保湿剂91.Immunoglobulin-免疫球蛋白92.Inotropic-正性肌力药93.Intramuscular-肌肉注射的94.Intravenous-静脉注射的95.Lipid-脂质96.Liposome-脂质体97.Metabolism-新陈代谢98.Microbial-微生物的99.Molecule-分子100.Muscle relaxant-松弛肌肉的。
【药品名】左舒必利【英文名】Levosulpiride
【药品名】左舒必利【英文名】Levosulpiride【别名】Levobren;Levopraid;Pausedal;Sulkine【剂型】左舒必利片:25mg/片;50mg/片;100mg/片。
左舒必利注射液:25mg/1ml;50mg/1ml。
左舒必利滴剂(口服):2.5g/100ml。
遮光,密闭保存。
【药理作用】本品系苯甲酰胺衍生物,为舒必利的左旋对映异构体,具有生物活性,能阻断多巴胺受体而产生抗精神病、抗抑郁、止呕、助消化的作用。
低剂量具有兴奋作用,很高剂量有抑制作用。
与消旋体相比,使用剂量更低,不良反应更少。
本品主要阻滞多巴胺D受体,尤其低剂量时,阻滞位于中枢神经系统和胃肠道多巴胺传导通路突触前膜上的自身受体,高剂量时可能对去甲肾上腺素和乙酰胆碱通路起作用。
【药动学】本品用于消化不良时,口服后1周起效,4周后达最大效应,而用于精神分裂症或抑郁症时,3~12周起效,用于精神分裂症时药物浓度与疗效无关。
本品口服吸收不完全,生物利用度为27%~34%,食物可减少吸收约30%。
口服后3~4h达血药浓度峰值(Cmax),血浆蛋白结合率为14%,分布容积(Vd)为1~2.7L/kg。
本品在体内极少被代谢,静注肾脏清除率为260~310ml/min,70%~90%以原形经肾脏排泄;口服后15%~30%以原形经肾脏排泄,随粪便排泄较多。
母体化合物半衰期为6~10h,相同剂量口服比静注半衰期长。
肾功能不全者半衰期延长,轻到中度肾功能不全者静注半衰期为20~26h。
【适应症】1.用于治疗神经精神系统疾病:抑郁症、精神分裂症、躯体形式障碍(somatoformdisorders)。
2.用于治疗胃肠道疾病:消化不良、肠易激综合征、糖尿病性胃轻瘫、反流性食管炎及化疗所致的呕吐。
3.用于治疗胰岛素依赖性糖尿病。
4.用于治疗早泄。
【禁忌症】对本品过敏者、嗜铬细胞瘤患者及帕金森病患者禁用。
【注意事项】以下患者慎用: 1.对其他苯甲酰胺衍生物(舒必利、甲氧氯普胺、硫必利、舒托必利)有过敏史者。
精神病学英文单词
错觉illusion幻觉hallucinationAuditory~,visual~,~of smell and taste,tactile~、~of visceral sensantion 思维奔逸filght of ideas思维散漫loosening of associations思维迟缓retardaton of thinking思维贫乏poverty of thinking思维阻隔thought blockling赘述circumstantiality病理性象征性思维p. symbolic thinking持续言动perseveration语词新作neologism被洞悉感experience of being revealed思维被播散thought broadcasting被害妄想persecutory delusion关系妄想delusion of reference夸大妄想delusion of grander自罪妄想~ of guilt and worthless虚无妄想nihilistic delusion疑病妄想hypochondriacal ~嫉妒妄想~ of jealousy钟情妄想erotomanic ~影响妄想~ of control释义妄想interpretation~------注意增强hyperprosexia注意减退aprosexia随境转移distractability注意范围缩小narrowing of attention注意迟钝inattentiveness遗忘amnesia心因性遗忘/界限性遗忘psychogenic/circumscribed~ 器质性遗忘organic~逆行性遗忘retrograde顺行性遗忘anterogradeRecent/remote~记忆错误paramnesia错构paramnesia虚构confabulation妄想性回忆delusional recall记忆增强hyperamnesia智能intelligence自知力insight情感affect情绪emotion心境mood情绪高涨elation情绪低落depression焦虑anxiety 激越状态agitation恐惧fear易激惹性irritability情感不稳定emotional instability 情感脆弱affective fragility 情感淡漠apathy,indifference病理性激情p. passion情感麻木emotional stupor情感倒错parathymia情感幼稚emotional infantility情感矛盾affective ambivalence意志增强hyperbulia意志减弱hypobulia意志缺乏abulia矛盾意向ambivalence易暗示性suggestibility不协调性兴奋incoherent excitement木僵stuporCatatonic~,depressive~,psychogenic~,organic~,蜡样屈曲waxy flexibility缄默症mutism违拗症negativism刻板言动stereotyped speech and act持续言动perseveration模仿言动echolalia and echopraxia作态manerism强迫动作compulsion冲动行为impulsive behavior嗜睡somnolence昏睡sopor昏迷coma意识模糊clouding of consciousness谵妄delirium梦样状态dreamlike state朦胧状态twilight state人格解体depersonalization双重人格double personality精神活性物质psychoactive substances Dependence, compulsive drug seeking behavior, physical~,psychonlogical,craveing, tolerance,戒断症状withdrawal state脱毒detoxification精神分裂症schizophrenia思维云集pressure of thought思维插入thought insertion思维被夺取thought withdrawl内向性思维autism偏执型paranoid青春型hebephrenic紧张型catatonic单纯性simple未分化型undifferenciated~Mood/affective disorder躁狂mania抑郁depression环性心境cyclothymia恶劣心境dysthymia神经症neuroses恐惧症phobia场所恐惧症agoraphobia社交恐惧症social~特定恐惧症specific单纯恐惧症急性焦虑/惊恐发作panic attack慢性焦虑/广泛性焦虑generalized anxiety 强迫症obessive-compulsive disorder Obsession –compulsion分离(转换)性障碍dissociative[conversion] disorder.癔症hysteria躯体形式障碍somatoform disorder疑病症hypochondriasis神经衰弱neurasthenia精神发育迟滞mental retardation MR极重度profound广泛性发育障碍pervasive developmental d.儿童孤独症child autism注意缺陷与多动障碍attention deficit and hyperactive disorder,ADHD 活动过多herperactivity冲动impulsiveness冲动障碍tic disorder氟哌啶醇haloperidol硫必利tiapride抗精神病药物antipsychotic drugs/neuroleptics抗抑郁药antidepressant drugs心境稳定剂mood stabilizers抗焦虑药anxiolytic drugs•镇静催眠药hypnotic sedative agent精神激活药psychostimulants氯丙嗪chlopromazine奋乃静perphenazine氟哌啶醇haloperidol舒必利sulpiride利培酮risperidone氯氮平clozapine奥氮平olanzapine喹硫平quetipine阿立哌唑aripirazole阿米替林amitriptyline氯米帕明clomipramine多赛平doxepine氟西汀fluoxetine帕罗西汀paroxetine氯伏沙明fluroxamine舍曲林sertraline西酞普兰citalopram曲唑酮trazodone•碳酸锂lithiumcarbonate丙戊酸盐valproate卡马西平carbamazepine阿普唑仑alprazolam电痉挛治疗electroconvulsive therapy ECT美沙酮methodone丁丙诺啡buprenorhine。
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FDA approval proceses & limitations driven by public’s concerns about safety study population vs. “real world” drug company agenda for approval Indication vs. off-label use and dosing 1982 position report Side-effect listing cause & effect?
Introduction
Choosing a medication
diagnosis benefit vs. side-effects, toxicity, ease of use, drug-drug interactions (, ) medication history, family history luxury of time cross tapering one change at a time response vs. remission the right diagnosis treatment failures
Starting, stopping & changing
Response rate
SSRI antidepressants
SSRI antidepressants
Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI antidepressants Older mood stabilizers Newer mood stabilizers Older antipsychotics Newer antipsychotics Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Other anxiolytic/hypnotics Stimulants Meds for dementia Meds for substance abuse Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives
/research/star/faqs.cfm
Annual sales = $12 billion Number of patient starts on Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft from 1988 to 2002 = 67.5 million ()
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
1988 Prozac introduced 1992-93 Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox 1998 Celexa 2001 fluoxetine (Prozac generic) 2002 Lexapro (modified Celexa) 2006 STAR*D trial results published
Introduction
SSRI antidepressants Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI antidepressants Older mood stabilizers Newer mood stabilizers Older antipsychotics Newer antipsychotics Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Other anxiolytic/hypnotics Stimulants Meds for dementia Meds for substance abuse Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives
SSRI antidepressants
Mechanism of action
Inhibit serotonin reuptake so increase synaptic serotonin levels Many SSRIs affect other receptors especially at high doses Clinical effect usually takes weeks so mechanism goes beyond simply increasing synaptic serotonin levels Several serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes Serotonin receptors are located throughout the body (especially GI tract)
Psychotropic Medications
Dale Sanderson, PA-C Physician Assistant Seattle Mental Health
Overview
► SSRI antidepressants ► Atypical antidepressants ► Tricyclic antidepressants ► MAOI antidepressants ► Older mood stabilizers ► Newer mood stabilizers ► Older antipsychotics ► Newer antipsychotics ► Anticholinergics ► Benzodiazepines ► Other anxiolytic/hypnotics ► Stimulants ► Meds for dementia ► Meds for substance abuse ► Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives