第二节 无主句的翻译技巧
翻译三:无主句译法
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无主句译法Daisy XueI. 汉语无主句特点在汉语中,只有谓语部分而没有主语部分的句子叫做无主句。
这里所谓的无主句,并不是省略了主语的句子,而是在汉语习惯上就这么讲、这么写。
至于其主语到底是什么,往往很难确定。
但是这种句子在任何语言环境下都能表达完整明确的意思,如:“房子前面有一棵树,树下拴着一头老牛”,“刮风了,要下雨了”,“要吃什么,尽管跟我说”等等。
II. 翻译思路汉语句子中主语隐含或无主语时常可见。
译成英文必须依照英语的要求,将主语增补进来,或者另觅它途。
进行增补时首先要推敲语境,其次要考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要.另觅它途时要考虑句子的功能以及和上下文的衔接情况。
构建翻译句子的整体框架。
确定译文整个句子中各个成分,尤其是确定以什么作为英语主语。
III. 翻译方法添加适当的代词或名词充当主语用“it”充当主语采用英语的被动结构译出采用“There be”结构译出汉语祈使句译成英语祈使句采用倒装语序译出将非主语成分转为主语A. Adding subjectsB. Using the empty subject “it”C. Translating into English passive sentencesD. Translating into English “there be”structureE. Translating into English imperative sentencesF. Translating into English inversionG. Converting the non-subject part into subjectA.Adding subjects添加适当的代词或名词充当主语Since an English sentence usually requires a subject, the translator can add the subject that is omitted in the Chinese original when he translates a Chinese subjectless sentence. For instance,你一旦开始,就必须继续下去。
大学英语翻译技巧 7
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第七单元句子的翻译(3)真实、虚拟条件句和否定句的翻译第一部分:英语中真实条件句和虚拟条件句的翻译一. 真实条件句的翻译在真实条件句中,说话人或把条件视为事实,或仅仅提出条件,不作任何主观设想,如果条件实现,主句内容便成为事实;如果条件不实现,结果也就不会发生。
译成分句即可。
例如:·If the weather is not good, I shall stay at home.如果天气不好,我将呆在家里。
·Unless the weather is good, I shall stay at home.如果天气不好,我将呆在家里。
·I will stay at home providing /provided/ on condition(that) the weather is not good.假如天气不好,我就呆在家里。
·I will stay at home only if the weather is not good.如果天气不好,我只好呆在家里。
·I will stay at home if only the weather is not good.只要天气不好,我就呆在家里。
·Given bad weather, I will stay at home.假使天气不好,我就呆在家里。
·Suppose we can’t get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到必要的设备,那我们怎么办?·As long as we don’t lose heart, we’ll find a way to overcome the difficulty.只要我们不灰心,我们就能找到克服困难的方法。
·Granted that this is true, what conclusion can you draw?就算这是实际情况,你又能得出什么结论呢?·Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一有什么困难请给我们一个信。
汉英翻译技巧无主句的翻译18页
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二.采用“There+be…”,“It/one+be…+to…”等结 构
汉语中的某些格言、经验,或带有哲理的无主句,翻 译时一般都采用这类结构。例如:
(1)没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。
Without facility, there would be no difficulty; without difficulty, there would also be no facility.
(1)本剧场内禁止吸烟。
Smoking is not allowed in the theatre. (2) 发现了错误,一定要改正。
Wrongs must be righted when they are discovered.
(3) 必须保证八小时睡眠。
Eight hours’ sleep must be gu到老。
One is never too old to learn.
(3) 你忘记一句古话了吗:活到老,学到老。 何况你并不老。
Have you ever forgotten the old saying: one is never too old to learn. In any case, you’re not old at all.
五.选用适当的名词或代词补出主语
汉语无主句的英译,除上述几种方法外,还可以根据 上下文选用适当的名词或代词(包括人称代词和否定代
词)补出主语,构成一个完整的句子。例如:
(1)弄得不好,就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
无主句的翻译
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⽆主句的翻译⽆主句的翻译⽆主句,指只有谓语部分,没有主语部分的句⼦,汉语的⽆主句,不同于省略句,它并⾮是主语省略,⽽是句⼦按约定俗成不出现主语,或者是⽆需主语意义⼀样完整,⽆主句在汉语,特别是成语,⼝语中⼤量出现,是汉语所特有的句型,在译成英语时,要根据英语的表达习惯,作⼀定的变通处理。
⼀、译成被动句继续通过平等友好协商,处理彼此间存在的⼀些分歧和争议,寻求问题的逐步解决。
These problems can be solved step by step by handling the existing disagreements and disputes through continued friendly consultations on an equal footing.对长期亏损,扭亏⽆望的企业实施规范破产。
Standardized bankruptcy process should be imposed on/carried out in the loss-making enterprises whose long-time difficult situation is unlikely to be changed.某些表⽰事物存在、出现的⽆主句,可以译成被动句。
例如:封⾯上印着⼀个猎⼈的像。
The figure of a hunter was printed on the cover (of the book).某些表⽰要求、规定的⽆主句,也往往可以译成被动句。
考场内禁⽌喧哗。
Noise is forbidden in the examination hall.⼆、there be结构要发展就要变,不变就不会有发展(《邓选》)Development means change; without change there can be no development.在这个问题上存在着不同的意见。
笔译技巧无主句如何翻译
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the twoGreaterThan detail彻悟:forced不说Sant槽 tun漶 into the '
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笔译中无主句的翻译技巧
保留原状,直接翻译
总结词
在笔译过程中,对于某些无主句,可以直接保留原状进行翻译,以保持原文的简洁和流 畅。
详细描述
在英语中,无主句是一种常见的句型,通常用于表达客观事实或普遍真理。在翻译这类 句子时,可以直接将其翻译成对应的汉语无主句,保留原状,避免添加不必要的修饰词
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实例分析
新闻报道中的无主句翻译
要点一
新闻报道的语言特点
新闻报道的语言简洁、客观,强调信息的传递。在新闻报 道中,无主句的使用较为常见,以突出事实和信息的重点 。
要点二
翻译技巧
在翻译新闻报道中的无主句时,应注重保持原文的客观性 和信息传递的准确性。可以采用增译主语、保留无主句结 构或根据语境补译主语等方法,确保译文流畅且符合目标 语言的表达习惯。
的传递。
THANKS
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总结词
在翻译无主句时,常常会出现主语选 择不当的问题,导致译文语义不明或 不符合目标语言的表达习惯。
详细描述
无主句在汉语中比较常见,但在翻译 成其他语言时,需要特别注意选择合 适的主语,确保译文语义清晰。主语 选择不当通常会导致句子结构混乱, 影响读者对原文的理解。
语义理解偏差
总结词
在翻译无主句时,另一个常见问题是语义理 解偏差,即对原文的意思理解不准确或有所 偏离。
笔译技巧无主句如何翻译
汇报人:文小库 2024-01-02
目录
• 无主句的概述 • 笔译中无主句的翻译技巧 • 笔译中无主句的常见问题及解
无主句的翻译
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汉语无主句的英译无主句是指没有主语1[1]的句子,这类句子的特点是从结构上看它们没有主语,但是,其它句子成分都有可能出现。
汉语中有大量的无主句,它是十分常见的句式之一。
汉语无主句有着以下特征:1. 语义简洁、明了、不拖沓;2. 虽然没有主语,但是,其主语要么是不言而喻的;要么是在上下文中已经表达明白了的;要么是泛指的人或事物;要么是在语境2[2]中已经确定了的;3. 在诸如公文体、科技体等正式语体中无主句大量使用;4. 书面语的无主句常常具有严肃性、权威性的特点;5. 指令性(含禁令性)语句,大量使用无主句加以表达。
英语句子除祈使句型和省略句型以外,一般都是有主语的。
因此在翻译汉语无主句时,必须根据具体情况选择不同的英语句式加以表达。
本文拟对汉语无主句英译时的一些规律性的东西作一个初步的总结和讨论。
一、用There存在句翻译无主句有的无主句表达一种事实,特别是科技语篇中这种用法十分常见。
在翻译的过程中,我们可以用英语的There存在句翻译这一类无主句。
使用There存在句可以把所述存在物或情况用作英语句子的实义主语。
(1) 不容否定一批新型材料的作用,这些材料包括合成纤维如尼龙,和合成树脂,如乙烯基树脂。
There is no denying the function of lots of new materials, including synthetic textiles such as nylon and synthetic resins such as vinyl resins(2)出于诸如生产裂变材料、放射性同位素以及发电等不同目的,不能忽视安装多种类型的反应堆。
There should be no neglecting the carefulness in installation of types of reactors for a number of different purposes, such as the production of fissile materials, the production of radio isotope, and the generation of electricity.二、用分裂句翻译无主句汉语无主句可以用来强调某些语义成分。
四级翻译-第二章-无主句的翻译
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例2:学习中国功夫,多半在深山的寺院里面。
To learn Chinese kung fu, one would stay at a temple in
secluded mountains.
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例3:要更好地了解中国,可以有很多视角。 To understand China better, one may approach it form different angles. 例4:生于忧患,死于安乐,要居安思危,有备无患。 One prospers in worries and hardships, while perishing in ease and comfort. We must think of danger in times of safety and always be prepared for the worst.
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中国人称结婚为终身大事,因为中国人的家族观念很重,认为 齐家是治国的根本。 Chinese people define marriage as a lifelong event, because they have a strong family ideal, with the belief that running a good family is the foundation for running the country.
笔译技巧无主句如何翻译
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语言习惯不地道错误
总结词
在翻译无主句时,常常会使用不地道的语言表达,导致句子的流畅度和自然度不够。
详细描述
在翻译无主句时,需要注意语言的习惯和表达方式,尽可能使用符合目标语言习惯的词汇和语法结构 。例如,“我请你吃饭”这个无主句在翻译成英语时,需要使用“Let me treat you to a meal”或 者“I will treat you to a meal”这样的表达方式才更加地道。
语境联想
要点一
总结词
语境联想是一种翻译技巧,它可以帮助我们更好地理解无 主句的含义,并在翻译中保持原文的准确性和流畅性。
要点二
详细描述
在翻译无主句时,我们应该考虑语境,即上下文和语言背 景。通过语境联想,我们可以更好地理解无主句的含义, 并选择合适的翻译策略。例如,在某些语境下,无主句可 能意味着“每个人都知道这个事实”,而在其他语境下可 能意味着“这个事实是普遍认可的”。因此,在翻译无主 句时,我们需要根据语境选择合适的翻译策略。
语境理解的挑战
语境的完整性
在翻译无主句时,需要考虑语境的完整性。无主句可能需要在特定的上下文中才能正确理解,因此需 要在翻译过程中保持语境的完整性。
语境的准确性
在翻译无主句时,需要考虑语境的准确性。无主句的含义可能受到语境的影响,因此需要在翻译过程 中确保语境的准确性。
03 无主句翻译的基本技巧
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06 无主句翻译的发展趋势与 展望
语言学对无主句翻译的影响
语言学理论
语言学理论对无主句翻译有着重要的影响。其中,功能语言学、语篇分析、认知语言学等理论为无主句翻译提供了新 的视角和方法。
语境意识
无主句的翻译
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3. 要广泛动员中小学生学习科普知识。
Primary school and high school students should be mobilized to learn popular science knowledge.
译为祈使句
1. 请勿践踏草坪!
Please keep off the lawn!
there be…句型
2. 没有顺利,无所谓困难;没有困难,也无所谓顺利。 Without facility, there would be no difficulty, without difficulty, there would also be no facility.
it be…+to…句型 1. 要成功就要付出劳动。 It will cost you much labor to succeed in anything. 2. 要是去参观那个展览会会很有意思。 It would have been amusing to have gone to the exhibition.
2.下雨了,咱们快走吧。
It’s raining now. Let’s get going.
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用泛指癿人称代词填补主语
1. 活到老,学到老。 One is never too to learn.
2. 丌承认这一条真理,就丌是共产主义者。 Anyone who does not recognize this truth is no communists.
无主句癿翻译
BY:
定义:
汉语中,只有谓语而没有主语的句子叫做无主句。 这是汉语当中特有的一种句型。但所谓无主句,并 丌是“省略句”,而是在习惯上就那样讲,那样写 的;其主语是什么,往往行难断定;但是在任何环境 里它都能表达完整而明确的意思,如“下雨了”等 等。在英语里,句子一般都有主语,没有主语的情 况很少见。因此,汉语的无主句译成英语时,往往 要补出主语或改变句型,使句子结构符合英语语法 的特点。
笔译技巧:无主句如何翻译
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笔译技巧:⽆主句如何翻译笔译技巧:⽆主句如何翻译 如何处理汉语⽆主句的英译?⼀般有以下两种处理办法:寻找主语以及改变句式。
⽆主句,即只有谓语部分⽽没有主语的句⼦,是汉语中特有的⼀种句型。
因为汉语注重意合,只要意思表达正确即可,⽽英语注重形合,句⼦⼀般都不能缺少主语,例外较少。
如何处理汉语⽆主句的英译?⼀般有以下两种处理办法:寻找主语以及改变句式。
主语的选取 基本做法是有可以直接使⽤的主语就⽤;没有的就挖掘隐藏主语;找不出来的就考虑增补;⼀个句⼦有太多主语的就选。
以it为主语 (1) 表⽰天⽓变化、事实情况时: 外⾯下⾬了。
(天⽓) It is raining outside. 该吃饭了。
(时间、事实) It is time for dinner. 轮到你了。
It’s your turn. (2) 表⽰⼈们的观点、意见时,可⽤固定句型it is reported/said/believed that… 据说⽂明总是在进步。
It is said that civilization is always on the move. 据说算命的⼈可以预知未来。
It is believed that fortune - tellers can foretell your fate. 以they, things, you ,he ,one做主语 通常出现在谚语中表⼀般泛指: 不到长城⾮好汉。
译法⼀:He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 译法⼆:You're not a true man until you get to the Great Wall. 译法三:One who fails to reach the Great Wall is not a hero. 有时候要到达⾕底,才会慢慢变好。
Sometimes things have to fall apart to make way for better things. 表⼀般要求的句⼦,通常以⾮谓语作为句⼦主语 要想提⾼⼿眼协调能⼒,就练习投球和接球。
无主句的英译
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补充主语 2、借用形式主语it
It takes sb. ..to do sth. It costs sb. sth. It is +adj + ( for sb) to do sth. It is …..that (who)….. It occurs to sb that…..
补充主语 2、借用形式主语it
五、补充主语
1、根据上下文补充主语 2、借用形式主语it
补充主语 1、根据上下文补充主语
(9) 不入虎穴,焉得虎子 You can not catch tiger cubs without entering the tiger lair. (No venture, no gains) (10) 只许州官放火,不许百姓点灯。 One man may steal a horse, while another may not look over the hedge. The magistrates are free to burn down houses, while the common people are forbidden even to light lamps.
四、译成倒装句
汉语中有些表示事物出现或存在的无主句,在结构形 式上同英语的倒装句十分相似。倒装的语序可使译文 非常贴近原文。
(7) 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅。 Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper and lead. (8) 随着一声吼叫,呼地从树林里窜出一只老虎来。 Following the roar, out rushed a tiger from among the bushes.
汉语无主句的翻译
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2)萝卜青菜,各有所爱。 There is no accounting for taste.
3)无水则无鱼。 Without water there would be no fish.
三.采用倒装语序
有些表示事物存在,出现或消失的无主句,结 构形式与英语的倒装句相似,因此,在汉译英 时用倒装语序往往十分得体的。
语态选择中注意以下这两点
有一些动词和词组不能用于被动语态。它们是: come true,consist of,take place,happen, become,rise,occur,belong,break out, appear,arrive,die,fall,last,exist,fail, succeed等。
汉语无主句的翻译
无主句是现代汉语语法的术语,是非主谓句 的一种,是指根本没有主语的句子。这种句 子的作用在于描述动作、变化等情况,而不 在于叙述“谁”或者“什么”进行这一动作 或发生这个变化。
无主句不同于主谓句中省略主语或者隐含主语 的句子,它的主语往往是不确定的,如“上课 了!”或者根本无法补充出主语,如“下雨 了。”
3. 在诸如公文体、科技体等正式语体中无主句大量使用; 4. 书面语的无主句常常具有严肃性、权威性的特点; 5. 指令性(含禁令性)语句,大量使用无主句加以表
达。
(新编汉英翻译教程,2004;129)
汉语无主句的英译法大致有以下几种
运用英语的被动结构 译成英语的存在句there be 运用倒装句式 采用祈使句式 采用形式主语it 适当主语的增补 具体问题具体对待
例如:
1)地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅和锌。 Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.
汉英翻译技巧无主句的翻译
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言,谚语英译的方法之一。
三.采用倒装语序
有些表示事物存在,出现或消失的无主句,结构形式
与英语的倒装句相似,因此,在汉译英时用倒装语序往 往十分得体的。例如:
(1)在游廊的最左端,靠近一道门,却坐有一位将近三十 岁的男子。
前头坐着一位老人。不努力便不会成功。 能不能提前完成计划呢? 没有矛盾,就没有世界。 厂里有一条制度,每天夜里各单位都要有一名干部值班。 突然钻出一只狗,追着她咬,几乎把她吓糊涂了。 以下是代表的名单。 以其人之道,还治其人之身。 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。 有人敲门。 屋内悄无一人,只听见钟在滴滴答答地走着。 上半夜由他值班,下半夜我来值班。
五.选用适当的名词或代词补出主语
汉语无主句的英译,除上述几种方法外,还可以根据 上下文选用适当的名词或代词(包括人称代词和否定代
词)补出主语,构成一个完整的句子。例如:
(1)弄得不好,就会前功尽弃。
If things are not properly handled, our labor will be totally lost.
练习题: 采用适当的方式翻译下列无主句: 不忘阶级苦! 忠诚党的教育事业。 一有问题就去解决,不要等问题成了堆才去作一次总
解决。 不入虎穴,焉得虎子。 我身边的桌子上点着一盏灯,灯旁放着一只小盒子。 必须认真地做好建厂以前的准备工作。 那地方讲什么语言? 为什么要有革命党?
(3) 地下埋藏着大量的金、银、铜、铅、锌。
Hidden underground is a wealth of gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc.
2018考研英语:被动语态的翻译技巧(2)无主句_毙考题
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2018考研英语:被动语态的翻译技巧(2)无主句
2、译成汉语的无主句
一些被动语态的句子可用汉语的无主句表达。
(1)It is important that fresh impetus be given to the national economy.
译文:重要的是,应该给国民经济注入新的活力。
(2)A court order was obtained, permitting the police to subject him to a lie detector test. 译文:获得了法庭指令,允许警察对他使用测谎仪进行测谎。
(3)It must be recognized that China is still a developing country.
译文:必须承认中国还是一个发展中的国家。
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第二节无主句的翻译技巧1.Most important as well as absolutely fundamental is to institutionalize the preservation of world heritages. First of all, the gist/best of related rules and regulations should be absorbed /adopted so as to flexibly make / draw up “Regulations on World Heritage Protection”conforming to our national environment, so that our world heritages can be proteced by law. 2.Cultural diversity must be maintained before the diversity of the human spiritual life can be guaranteed.3.When the helicopter arrived above (passed over) the town of Yinxiu, it could be seen that the whole town was almost reduced to ruins.4.It has been proved that this is one of the best ways to promote the exchange between the people of China and other parts of the world.5.It can be said that during this period China’s wealth expanded considerably, and the economy as a whole was raised to a new level.7.The development of tourism, it is believed, will help promote mutual understanding and friendship between the peoples of China and other countries, and facilitate exchanges in culture, science and technology. Tourism also helps increase state income.8.On an overall level, the healthy expansion of ecotourism economically helps facilitate thecontinued growth of the tourist sector and constantly injects fresh funds into the local economy.In terms of environmental protection, it can provide financial support to the preservation and control of natural environment, improving the environmental awareness of tourism operations managers, tourists, and locals. In terms of social benefits, it can promote fair distribution,increase job opportunities for local residents, and so on—all these will effectively speed up the full-scale progress and coordinated development of the local society, economy, and culture. 9.I might still have time to visit bookstores when the movie was over.There might still be time for a visit to bookstores after the movie.10. When we observe the Earth from space, we can have a deeper insight into its formation and itsresources so that we can protect our human life and property by predicting earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, volcanic eruptions, tsunamis, and other natural disasters.11. We accelerated the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure. We energeticallyfostered strategic emerging industries and accelerated development of new energy, new materials, biomedicines, high-end equipment manufacturing and new-energy vehicles, and we sped up pilot projects and demonstrations for integrating the telecommunications network, the radio and television broadcasting network, and the Internet, along with the development of cloud computing and the Internet of Things.12. We made progress in conserving energy, reducing emissions, and protecting the ecologicalenvironment.13. Basically, when we have enough material wealth, we shall have the initiative in addressing contradictions and problems.14. Marriage is not the only mode of existence / way of life, so one should not marry for marriage’s sake.第三节主谓结构与偏正结构1.However, we must see clearly, too, that it remains a social reality that China is a big countrywith a large population but a weak economic foundation.2. A great variety of commemorative days, domestic and international holidays will fall on thisperiod and highly diversified celebrations and folk custom-related activities will add to the festivity then.3. As against the past, there is a wide gap between other peasants and impoverished ones whohave a worse environment for living and career, and much less education and technical training, which means they have a very limited space for career prospects.4.The successful launch of the first manned spaceflight mission by China carried various implications in such fields as of politics, science and technology, and the military. 5.Manned spaceflight is a major sign of a nation’s ever-greater comprehensive strength.6. In the years to come, said Liu Jian at the Global Anti-Poverty Convention held in Shanghai atthe end of this May, it would be a tough task or a serious challenge to help the remaining impoverished population to achieve a better-off life.7. The Olympic torch relay ceremony has grown into a carnival for people around the world, withcountless sports fans running behind the torchbearer and sharing in the joys of the Olympiad.8. Located in a small basin with mountains in its east, west and north, the Ming Tombs areembraced by mountains, with a tiny plain in the middle and a clear winding brook and a pleasant view of green mountains in front.9. Today, there are many more graduands who share Xiao Han’s ideas and hope to get aheadacademically and learn more.10.Publishing houses like ours have no close links with overseas markets and, in comparison with an already extensive domestic book market, we have chosen to quit the high-risk foreign market as have many of other commercial publishers, focusing more of financial, material and human resources on the domestic one.。