妇产科教学课件：正常分娩
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retraction
• Abdominal wall muscle: the second stage
of labor
• Levator ani: help internal rotation and
extension
3 key factors --birth canal
• Bony canal:
3 key factors --birth canal
• Soft tissue of birth canal
1)Lower segment of uterus: 10cm, physiologic retraction ring 2)Effacement of cervix:2cm 3)Dilation of cervix:10cm 4)Vagina and perinium body
1)pelvic inlet plane:obstetric conjugate(11cm), transverse of pelvic inlet(13cm), oblique of pelvic inlet(12.75cm
2)the greatest plane of pelvis:12.5cm
The first stage of labor
• latent phase:
1)representation: contraction (30sec/5-6min—45sec/3-4min), dilation of cervix: to 3cm, 1cm/2-3 hours total need 8-16 hours 2)treatment: contraction, labor observation, fetal heart rate, Bp
3 key factors -- fetus
• The siBaidu Nhomakorabeae of fetus:
Head: BPD 9.3cm, occipito-frontal diameter 11.3cm, sub-occipital bregmatic diameter 9.5cm, occipito-mental diameter 13.3cm Head molding: Fetal weight:
• The mechanisms of labor • Stages and phases of labor
The mechanisms of labor
• Engagement • Descent • Flexion • Internal rotation • Extension • Restitution and external rotation • Expulsion
Obstetrics and Gynecology —labor and delivery
and complication of delivery
labor and delivery
• Definition • Labor:progressive dilatation of the uterine
3 key factors -- fetus
• Fetal position:fetal lie, fetal presentation,
fetal position
• Abnormalitis of the fetus: hydrocephalus,
conjoined twins
Normal mechanisms of labor
3)mid plane of pelvis:anterior-posterior diameter(11.5cm),bi-ischial diameter(10cm)
4)pelvic outlet plane: anterior-posterior diameter(11.5cm), transverse outlet(TO)9cm,anterior sagittal diameter(6cm),posterior sagittal diameter(8.5cm) 5)inclination of pelvis:60º
Stages and phases of labor
• Threatened labor:false labor, lightening, show • In labor: contraction(30sec/5-
6min),accompanied by dilation of cervix and descent of fetal head
cervix in association with repetitive uterine contractions.
• Delivery:from onset of labor to complete
expulse of fetus and facilitated organs.
labor and delivery
• 3 key factors • Expulsive force • Birth canal: bony canal, soft tissue of birth
canal
• Fetus
3 key factors --expulsive force
• Uterine contraction: rhythm, orientation,
• The second stage of labor: to expulsion of
fetus, total need 1-2 hours
• The third stage of labor: to expulsion of fetal
affiliated organ, such as placenta, total need 5-15 mins
• The first stage of labor: to full dilation of
cervix, divided by latent phase(to 3cm) and active phase(to 10cm), total need 11-12 hours in nulliparas or 6-8 hours in multiparas
• Abdominal wall muscle: the second stage
of labor
• Levator ani: help internal rotation and
extension
3 key factors --birth canal
• Bony canal:
3 key factors --birth canal
• Soft tissue of birth canal
1)Lower segment of uterus: 10cm, physiologic retraction ring 2)Effacement of cervix:2cm 3)Dilation of cervix:10cm 4)Vagina and perinium body
1)pelvic inlet plane:obstetric conjugate(11cm), transverse of pelvic inlet(13cm), oblique of pelvic inlet(12.75cm
2)the greatest plane of pelvis:12.5cm
The first stage of labor
• latent phase:
1)representation: contraction (30sec/5-6min—45sec/3-4min), dilation of cervix: to 3cm, 1cm/2-3 hours total need 8-16 hours 2)treatment: contraction, labor observation, fetal heart rate, Bp
3 key factors -- fetus
• The siBaidu Nhomakorabeae of fetus:
Head: BPD 9.3cm, occipito-frontal diameter 11.3cm, sub-occipital bregmatic diameter 9.5cm, occipito-mental diameter 13.3cm Head molding: Fetal weight:
• The mechanisms of labor • Stages and phases of labor
The mechanisms of labor
• Engagement • Descent • Flexion • Internal rotation • Extension • Restitution and external rotation • Expulsion
Obstetrics and Gynecology —labor and delivery
and complication of delivery
labor and delivery
• Definition • Labor:progressive dilatation of the uterine
3 key factors -- fetus
• Fetal position:fetal lie, fetal presentation,
fetal position
• Abnormalitis of the fetus: hydrocephalus,
conjoined twins
Normal mechanisms of labor
3)mid plane of pelvis:anterior-posterior diameter(11.5cm),bi-ischial diameter(10cm)
4)pelvic outlet plane: anterior-posterior diameter(11.5cm), transverse outlet(TO)9cm,anterior sagittal diameter(6cm),posterior sagittal diameter(8.5cm) 5)inclination of pelvis:60º
Stages and phases of labor
• Threatened labor:false labor, lightening, show • In labor: contraction(30sec/5-
6min),accompanied by dilation of cervix and descent of fetal head
cervix in association with repetitive uterine contractions.
• Delivery:from onset of labor to complete
expulse of fetus and facilitated organs.
labor and delivery
• 3 key factors • Expulsive force • Birth canal: bony canal, soft tissue of birth
canal
• Fetus
3 key factors --expulsive force
• Uterine contraction: rhythm, orientation,
• The second stage of labor: to expulsion of
fetus, total need 1-2 hours
• The third stage of labor: to expulsion of fetal
affiliated organ, such as placenta, total need 5-15 mins
• The first stage of labor: to full dilation of
cervix, divided by latent phase(to 3cm) and active phase(to 10cm), total need 11-12 hours in nulliparas or 6-8 hours in multiparas