2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案(翻译)
2014考研英语一真题试题及答案（翻译）Directions:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET(10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.46) It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. 47) By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. 48) Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.49) Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring thedisorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. 50) One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.【句型分析】本句主句主干为it is the reason，why引导定语从句，修饰the reason。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（一）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
A history of longand effortless success can be a dreadful handicap, but, if properly handled, itmay become a driving force. When the United States entered just such a glowingperiod after the end of the Second World War, it had a market eight timeslarger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies ofscale. Its scientists were the world's best, its workers the most skilled.America and Americans were prosperous beyond the dreams of the Europeans andAsians whose economies the war had destroyed.It was inevitable that this primacy should have narrowed as othercountries grew richer. Just as inevitably, the retreat from predominance provedpainful. By the mid-1980s Americans had found themselves at a loss over theirfading industrial competitiveness. Some huge American industries, such asconsumer electronics, had shrunk or vanished in the face of foreigncompetition. By 1987 there was only one American television maker left, Zenith.(Now there is none: Zenith was bought by South Korea's LG Electronics in July。
2014考研英语冲刺突击 完型填空专项模拟及答案(9)
2014考研英语冲刺突击完型填空专项模拟及答案(9)Text 9Globalization will have a powerful effect on the future of dining. Recipes and meals from the world’s kitchens will be 1 anywhere and anytime. Globalization is the master 2 that will drive the world of food. Formerly remote 3 and cooking styles are creating a whole new culinary mosaic as they are 4 and reinterpreted all over the world.For the globe-trotting businessman, food savvy will be an important 5 of career mastery. Being successful in South America or the Far East means having insight 6 another culture, and local 7 will become an important component of that. People will need 8 of food and ingredients from different continents and cultures as one aspect of 9 , cultural exchange, and success.10 , culinary globalism will not be limited to physical travel. Chefs will learn about 11 ingredients, recipes, and techniques without ever leaving their kitchens. Soul food will continue to appeal, even as diners grow more 12 . Look for collard greens and fried chicken on the menus of upscale restaurants. Fast-casual restaurants--trendy eateries that combine speed and quality--should keep growing in 13 . Ethnic cuisines will 14 globally and combine: Look for chifa, a mixture of Japanese and Spanish foods, 15 its native Peru. Uzbek dishes, meanwhile, combine Persian, Russian, and Chinese 16 at bistros in New York and Chicago.Pizza on a griddle? New York chef Mario Batali is among those 17 pizza, making it thinner, healthier, and more 18 . One size does not fit all: look for designer delis, 19 you can choose from a wide variety of main and 20 dishes to take home and heat up yourself.1[A]suitable[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]available2[A] trend[B] fashion[C] tendency[D] style3[A] components[B] foods[C] ingredients[D] stuffs4[A] transported[B] transplanted[C] transferred[D] translated5[A] part[B] role[C] portion[D] side6[A] in[B] into[C] to[D] by7[A] tastes[B] flavors[C] dishes[D] courses8[A] information[B] knowledge[C] insight[D] experience9[A] socialization[B] realization[C]standardization[D] localization10[A] However[B] Somehow[C] Moreover[D] Anyway11[A] strange[B] new[C] exotic[D] remote12[A] health-conscious[B] price-conscious[C] taste-conscious[D] diversity-conscious13[A] population[B] popularity[C] quantity[D] prosperity14[A] expand[B] extend[C] export[D] exclude15[A] from[B] by[C] over[D] beyond16[A] flavors[B] flowers[C] flours[D] flames17[A] recreating[B] rethinking[C] representing[D] replacing18[A] portable[B] attractive[C] edible[D] popular19[A] when[B] why[C] where[D] which20[A] small[B] side[C] minor[D] secondaryText 9答案1. 【答案】D【解析】suitable是“合适的”，reliable是“可靠的”，identifiable是“可辨认的，可识别的”;available是“可获得的”。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(四)Archaeology as a profession faces two major problems. First, it is the poorest of the poor. Only paltry sums are available for excavating and even less is available for publishing the results and preserving the sites once excavated. Yet archaeologists deal with priceless objects every day. Second, there is the problem of illegal excavation, resulting in museum-quality pieces being sold to the highest bidder.I would like to make an outrageous suggestion that would at one stroke provide funds for archaeology and reduce the amount of illegal digging. I would propose that scientific archeological expeditions and governmental authorities sell excavated artifacts on the open market. Such sales would provide substantial funds for the excavation and preservation of archaeological sites and the publication of results. At the same time, they would break the illegal excavator’s grip on the market, thereby decreasing the inducement to engage in illegal activities.You might object that professionals excavate to acquire knowledge, not money. Moreover, ancient artifacts are part of our global cultural heritage, which should be available for all to appreciate, not sold to the highest bidder. I agree. Sell nothing that has unique artistic merit or scientific value. But, you might reply, everything that comes out of the ground has scientific value. Here we part company. Theoretically, you may be correct in claiming that every artifact has potential scientific value. Practically, you are wrong.I refer to the thousands of pottery vessels and ancient lamps that are essentially duplicates of one another. In one small excavation in Cyprus, archaeologists recently uncovered 2,000 virtually indistinguishable small jugs in a single courtyard. Even precious royal seal impressions known as melekh handles have been found in abundance — more than 4,000 examples so far.The basements of museums are simply not large enough to store the artifacts that are likely to be discovered in the future. There is not enough money even to catalogue the finds; as a result, they cannot be found again and become as inaccessible as if they had never been discovered. Indeed, with the help of a computer, sold artifacts could be more accessible than are the pieces stored in bulging museum basements. Prior to sale, each could be photographed and the list of the purchasers could be maintained on the computer. A purchaser could even be required to agree to return the piece if it should become needed for scientific purposes.It would be unrealistic to suggest that illegal digging would stop if artifacts were sold on the open market. But the demand for the clandestine product would be substantially reduced. Who would want an unmarked pot when another was available whose provenance was known, and that was dated stratigraphically by the professionalarchaeologist who excavated it?1. The primary purpose of the text is to propose[A] an alternative to museum display of artifacts.[B] a way to curb illegal digging while benefiting the archaeological profession.[C] a way to distinguish artifacts with scientific value from those that have no such value.[D] the governmental regulation of archaeological sites.2. Which of the following is mentioned in the text as a disadvantage of storing artifacts in museum basements?[A] Museum officials rarely allow scholars access to such artifacts.[B] Space that could be better used for display is taken up for storage.[C] Artifacts discovered in one excavation often become separated from each other.[D] Such artifacts’ often remain uncatalogued and thus cannot be located once they are put in storage.3. The author mentions the excavation in Cyprus (line 2, paragraph 4) to emphasize which of the following points?[A] Ancient lamps and pottery vessels are less valuable, although more rare, than royal seal impressions.[B] Artifacts that are very similar to each other present cataloguing difficulties to archaeologists.[C] Artifacts that are not uniquely valuable, and therefore could be sold, are available in large quantities.[D] Cyprus is the most important location for unearthing large quantities of salable artifacts.4. The author’s argument concerning the effect of the official sale of duplicate artifacts on illegal excavation is based on which of the following assumptions?[A] Prospective purchasers would prefer to buy authenticated artifacts.[B] The price of illegally excavated artifacts would rise.[C] Computers could be used to trace sold artifacts.[D] Illegal excavators would be forced to sell only duplicate artifacts.5. The author anticipates which of the following initial denials of his proposal?[A] Museum officials will become unwilling to store artifacts.[B] An oversupply of salable artifacts will result and the demand for them will fall.[C] Artifacts that would have been displayed in public places will be sold to private collectors.[D] Illegal excavators will have an even larger supply of artifacts for resale.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】B【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习 模拟测试及答案(3)
2014考研英语阅读冲刺练习模拟测试及答案(3)PassageThose who welcomed the railway saw it as more than a rapid and comfortable means of passing. They actually saw it as afactor in world peace. They did not foresee that the railway would be just one more means for the rapid movement of aggressive armies. None of them foresaw that the more weare together-the more chances there are of war. Any boy or girl who is one of a large family knows that.Whenever any new invention is put forward, those for it and those against it can always find medical men to approve or condemn. The anti-railway group produced doctors who said that tunnels would be most dangerous to public health: they would produce colds, catarrhs (粘膜炎) and consumptions. The deafening noise and the glare of the engine fire, would have a bad effect on the nerves. Further, being moved through the air at a high speed would do grave injury to delicate lungs. In those with high blood-pressure, the movement of the train might produce apoplexy (中风). The sudden plunging of a train into the darkness of a tunnel, and the equally sudden rush into full daylight, would cause great damage to eyesight. But the pro-railway group was of course able to produce equally famous medical men to say just the opposite. They said that the speed and swing of the train would equalize the circulation, promote digestion, tranquilize the nerves, and ensure good sleep.The actual rolling-stock was anything but comfortable. If it was a test of endurance to sit for four hours outside a coach in rain, or inside in dirty air, the railway offered little more in the way of comfort. Certainly the first-class carriages had cushioned seats; but the second-class had only narrow bare boards, while the third-class had nothing at all; no seats and no roof; they were just open trucks. So that third-class passengers gained nothing from the few mode except speed. In the matter of comfort, indeed they lost; they did, on the coaches, have a seat, but now they had to stand all the way, which gave opportunities to the comic (滑稽的) press. This kind of thing: A man was seen yesterday buying a third-class ticket for the new London and Birmingham Railway. The state of his mind is being enquired into.A writer in the early days of railways wrote feelingly of both second-and third-class carriages. He made the suggestion that the directors of the railways must have sent all over the world to find the hardest possible wood. Of the open third-class trucks he said that they had the peculiar property of meeting the rain from whatever quarter it came. He described them as horizontal shower-baths, from whose searching power there was no escape.1. All boys and girls in large families know that .A) a boy and a girl usually fight when they are togetherB) people tend to be together more than they used to beC) a lot of people being together makes fights likelyD) Railway leads the world to peace2. According to those who welcomed the railway, the railway itself should include all the following except .A) the railway enables people travel fastB) the railway brings comfort to peopleC) the railway makes the world peacefulD) the railway leads the world to war as well.3. According to the anti-railway group, all the followings are truebut .A) tunnels are dangerous to public healthB) the noise and the glare of the engine fire may affect people's nervesC) the rapid speed through the air does damage to people's lungsD) to those with high blood-pressure, the rapid speed of the train causes them to die4. We may safely conclude that .A) the author belongs to the anti-railway groupB) the author belongs to the for-railway groupC) the author speaks highly of the railwayD) the author may never take train because of its potential dangers5. What is the tone of this passage?A)PracticalB)SatiricalC)HumorousD)ExaggeratedAnswer1.C2.D3.D4.A5.C小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
考研英语冲刺预测试卷卷含考点精解十.docx
Section ! Use of English1. [A] aged[B] aging[C] age[D] ages2. [A] tastes[B] smokes[C] injects[D] takes3. [A] studies[B] researches[C] surveys[D] examines4. [A] More[B] Many[C] Fewer[D] Few5. [ A ] retaining [ B] attaining[ C ] maintaining[ D ] gaining6. [A] described[B] prescribed[C] inscribed[D] instructed7. [ A ] treat [ B ] cure[ C] diagnose[ D ] test8. [ A ] amusing [ B ]relaxing[ C ] recreational[ D ] pleasant9. [A] stimulus[B] stimulant[C] excitement[D] encouragement10. [A] valid[B] formal[C] popular[D] legal11. [A] When[B] As[C] Though[D] While12. [ A] enlarged[ B ] confirmed[ C ] exaggerated [ D ] magnified13. [A] overtake[B] overdose[C] abuse[D] overuse14. [ A]murder [ B ] crime[ C ] suicide [ D ] killing15. [A] substitute [ B ] replacement [ C ] exchange[ D ] interchange16. [A] specially[B] particularly[C] mostly[D] actually17. [A] even though[B] as if[C] as long as[D] as soon as18. [A] in[B] to[C] since[D] for19. [ A] serious [ B ]severe [ C ] grave [ D] heavy20. [ A] student [ B ] man [ C ] youth[ D ] peer21. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that[ A] Dean Taylor is also famous outside energy and investment circles.[ B ] shareholders are not paid to have sympathy.[ C ] many companies are planning to move their offices into New Orleans. [ D ] shareholders are more concerned with performance.22. The word "exodus" ( paragraph 2 ) most probably means[ A ] emigration.[ B ] exit.[ C] hurricane.[ D ] reconstruction.23. Mayor Ray Nagin is quoted in the 3rd paragraph to[ A] stress the consequences of careless talking by politicians.[ B ] show the local government' s indifference to the exodus.[ C ] illustrate the city' s efforts in rebuilding their infrastructure. [ D ] criticize his strange hobby of sending postcards to companies.24. According to Peter Ricchiuti, New Orleans[ A ] is often struck by hurricanes such as Katrina,[ B ] no longer paid white collars as much as before.[ C] failed to recover from the storm as planned.[ D ] will lose more while-collar jobs in oil industry after the storm.25. According to Wilson, Chevron intends to transfer its employees chiefly to[A] find a safer place for both business and living.[ B] protect the company from other possible storms.[ C ] maintain the number of their employees.[ D] downtown New Orleans is no longer a business center.26. Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?[ A] In a recent scientific research, the scientists points out that someone who sleepsbeyond the limit will probably not be in good health.[ B ] In the United States, the doctors usually do not take their sleep problems seriously.[ C ] Most doctors agree that the problems should be solved only by way of some compulsory means.[ D ] The U. S. government has already restricted the doctors' working hours.27. In the last paragraph, the expression".., patients are on their own" most probably means[ A] patients are alone when they are in hospital.[ B ] patients will try their luck on their doctors' health.[ C ] patients will have some problems related to them, rather than other people. [ D ] patients will make their decisions for themselves.28. On Jaya Agrawal' s website, what are the common responses to the doctors' sleep problems ?[ A ] Most people insisted that the problems have nothing to do with the interests of themajority of people.[ B ] People who posted their opinions on the website thought the results of the problems would be too horribly to think.[ C ] The internet-surfers believed that the government should regulate some laws to limit the doctors'working hours.[ D ] People advocated that the problems could merely be solved by the doctors' conscience.29. It can be inferred from the passage that[ A] the U. S. legislators are alarmed about sleep-deprived doctors.[ B ] the doctors should sleep much more than the ordinary people.[ C ] the U. S. government as well as many ordinary people never pays enough attention to the problems.[ D ] at the very beginning, the doctors insist that their sleep problems will lead to serious consequences.30. Who is well aware of the consequences of the doctors' sleep problem and runsa website to raise the common people's awareness?[ A] The University of Buffalo.[ B ] Jaya Agrawal.[ C ] Dr. Charles Binkley.[ D ] John Conyers Jr.31. According to the passage, oil results in air pollution because[ A] it burns very easily and has a very awful smell.[ B] it produces too much heat that warm up the temperature.[ C ] it emits too much carbon dioxide into the air when burning.[ D ] it is called the" greenhouse gas".32. According to some environmentalist, the oil companies[ A] are further polluting the air by using more oil than clean energy.[ B ] are not really concerned with solving the problem of pollution.[ C ] are attempting to reduce the pollution they have done to the air.[ D ] are in need of research and equipment in pollution prevention.33. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a disadvantage of burying pollution?[ A] It actually prevents companies from looking for other energy sources.[ B ] It is difficult to make sure that the buried gas will stay where they are.[ C ] It might turn up with serious consequences in the years to come.[ D ] It will possibly take up too much room in the earth to be sustainable.34. The best title for this passage might be[ A] How to Deal with Air Pollution.[ B ] Ways to Maintain a Clean Atmosphere.[ C ] Argument over Burying Pollution.[ D ] Environmentally Minded Oil Companies.35. The author' s attitude towards this idea of burying pollution seems to be[A] objective.[B] indifferent.[C] confused.[D] critical.36. "Trying to get Americans to eat a healthy diet is a frustrating business" can be easily proved by the fact that[ A] public-health campaigns cannot compete with tempting flavors.[ B ] snack-food and fast-food industries are flourishing in the US.[ C ] most food in America are profoundly rich in fat and sugar.[ D ] fat people account for a large proportion of American population.37. The phrase" caved in" ( paragraph 2) most probably means[A] yielded.[B] entered.[C] promised.[D] criticized.38. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about the Food Guide Pyramid in 1992?[ A ] It stresses the value of grains, vegetables and fruits.[ B ] It places emphasis on the four basic food groups.[ C ] It rejects higher proportion of meat, sweets and oils.[ D ] It met objections frommeat and dairy industries.39. The biggest problem with the new pyramid seems to be that[ A] it fails to identify the proper proportion of different food groups. [ B ] it fails to distinguish between a hamburger and a chicken breast. [ C ] it involves too much on-line work to benefit those who need it.[ D ] it involves unlabelled, multi-colored strips out of a cartoon jumble.40. It can be inferred from the text that[ A ] the effect of a well designed graph might be very small.[ B ] the new pyramid is definitely doomed to be a failure.[ C ] political influence will never be waved from the design.[ D ] the Potato Board of the country is very influential.Part BDirections :The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G to fill in each numbered box. The first and the last paragraphs have been placed for you in Boxes. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[ A] As a science, management entails the use of organized knowledge. Many of the things managers do are a result of information obtained through formal research and study.One area in which a great deal has been done is quantitative decision making or, as it is known today, management science. We know that by using certain mathematical formulas we can control inventory and project demand more accurately than by merely using trial and error.[ B ] Management is the process of getting things done through people. We know that part of this process is carried out with the development of an organization structure.[ C ] Yet management is also an art. Through experience the manager develops judgment and intuition, subjective factors that are useful in evaluation situations. For example, the manager may have to choose between two strategies, A and B. All research and study may indicate that neither of the two is any better than the other. [ D ] Effective management is a combination of art and science. Neither should be ignored; neither ought to be relied on exclusively. In getting things done through people, management must seek the right blend of art and science. At the upper levels of the hierarchy there will be more emphasis on the former; at the lower levels there will be more emphasis on the latter.[E] How do managers succeed in getting things done through people? In order to answer this question it is necessary to break down the manager' s job into its basic duties or functions. Management entails planning, organizing, directing, and. controlling. By performing well in each of these areas the manager can get things done through people.[ F] However, what if the manager chooses strategy A on the basis of intuition and proves to be right? In this case it is difficult to say precisely why the manager was able to choose so well, but there must be some special ability he or she has. This same type of ability is useful in managing people. Effective managers know when to flatter their subordinates and when to be stern. Such human behavior skills cannot be quantified; they can only be learned through experience and training. [ G ] However, there is more to management than just organizing the people and the work. objectives must be set, plans formulated, people directed, and operations controlled.In making the necessary decisions, management must rely on all the skills at its command.As a result, management is both a science and an art.Section m Writing Part A51. Directions :Zhang Li is a classmate of yours. He suffered from a serious illness. Writea letter to1 ) call on the students to help Zhang Li and2 ) tell them how to help Zhang Li.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You don' t have to write the address. ( 10 points)Part B52. Directions :The chart below shows the changes of consumer index in a certain country from 1930 to 1980. Study the chart carefully and write an essay of 160-200 words to1 ) describe the trend of consumption as revealed in the chart,2 ) explain the possible reason underlining this trend, and3) give your comment.You should write neatly on Answer Sheet 2. (20 points)参考答案Section I Use of English[文章大意]在经过十年的下降后，吸食毒品在这个国家的年轻群体里重新呈现猛烈的上涨势头。
2014考研英语一真题及答案：阅读题
以下是为⼤家整理的《2014考研英语⼀真题及答案：阅读题》的⽂章，供⼤家参考阅读！ Section II Reading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C, D. Mark your choice on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1 In order to “change lives for the better” and reduce “dependency,” George Orbome, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work search” scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit-and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on.” he claimed. “We’re doing these things because we know they help people say off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster” Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms” to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsides laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for “fundamental fairness”-protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency —permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase “jobseeker’s allowance” — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker” who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions.Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,” conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at ￡71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU. 真题解析：⽂章概括：政府⼤⾂Grorge Osbome提出了⼀个项⽬帮助失业的⼈找⼯作。
2014考研英语二真题及答案解析(完整版)
2014年考研英语二真题及答案解析Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Thinner isn’t always better. A number of studies have __1___ that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight. And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually ___2___. For example, heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___ among the elderly, being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___ of good health.Of even greater ___5___ is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define. It is often defined ___6___ body mass index, or BMI. BMI ___7__ body mass divided by the square of height. An adult with a BMI of 18 to 25 is often considered to be normal weight. Between 25 and 30 is overweight. And over 30 is considered obese. Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese, severely obese, and very severely obese.While such numerical standards seem 9 , they are not. Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat. Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit, 10 others with a low BMI may be in poor 11 .For example, many collegiate and professional football players 12 as obese, though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely, someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a 13 BMI.Today we have a(an) _14 _ to label obesity as a disgrace.The overweight are sometimes_15_in the media with their faces covered. Stereotypes _16_ with obesity include laziness, lack of will power,and lower prospects for success.Teachers,employers,and health professionals have been shown to harbor biases against the obese. _17_very young children tend to look down on the overweight, and teasing about body build has long been a problem in schools.Negative attitudes toward obesity, _18_in health concerns, have stimulated a number of anti-obesity _19_.My own hospital system has banned sugary drinks from its facilities. Many employers have instituted weight loss and fitness initiatives. Michelle Obama launched a high-visibility campaign _20_ childhood obesity, even claiming that it represents our greatest national security threat.1. [A] denied [B] conduced [C] doubled [D] ensured【答案】B concluded【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。
2014考研英语答案
2014考研英语答案第一部分：阅读理解Passage 11. C2. D3. B4. A5. CPassage 26. A7. B8. D9. CPassage 310. A11. D12. BPassage 413. C14. B15. D16. A第二部分：完形填空17. B18. D19. A20. C21. B22. D23. A24. C25. B26. D27. A28. C29. B30. D第三部分：概括大意与完成句子31. A32. C33. B34. D35. D36. A37. C38. B39. D40. B第四部分：阅读填空41. D42. C43. A44. B45. B46. D47. A48. C49. B50. A第五部分：补全短文51. E52.G53. F54. C55. B第六部分：翻译56.Mobile payment has been gaining popularity in recent years, with more and more people using their smartphones to make payments instead of traditional cash or credit cards. It provides a convenient and efficient way for consumers to make purchases, while also reducing the need for physical currency.57.However, there are concerns about the security of mobile paymentsystems. Hackers and cybercriminals are constantly finding new ways toexploit vulnerabilities in these systems, which could lead to unauthorizedaccess to personal and financial information. Therefore, it is crucial forcompanies to implement robust security measures to protect users’ data.58.Additionally, the widespread adoption of mobile payment could haveimplications for traditional banking systems. As more people choose to usemobile payment services, the demand for physical bank branches and services may decrease. This could result in job losses and a shift in the way bankingservices are provided.59.Despite these challenges, the future of mobile payment lookspromising. With advancements in technology and increasing consumeracceptance, mobile payment is likely to become more secure and widelyadopted. It has the potential to revolutionize the way we make financialtransactions, making them faster, more convenient, and accessible to a larger population.60.In conclusion, mobile payment is a growing trend that offersnumerous benefits to consumers. However, it also poses security risks andpotential implications for traditional banking systems. It is important for both individuals and companies to stay informed about the latest developments in mobile payment and take necessary precautions to protect personal andfinancial data.总结本文对2014年考研英语答案进行了总结和整理。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(九)
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(九)Roger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds.Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored.Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason, other than the facial identity of the authors, to group together works by Black authors? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Black over the last eighty years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it.Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open. Rosenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works — yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument istightly constructed, and its forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism.1. The author of the text is primarily concerned with[A] evaluating the soundness of a work of criticism.[B] comparing various critical approaches to a subject.[C] discussing the limitations of a particular kind of criticism.[D] summarizing the major points made in a work of criticism.2. The author of the text believes that Black Fiction would have been improved had Rosenblatt[A] evaluated more carefully the ideological and historical aspects of Black fiction.[B] attempted to be more objective in his approach to novels and stories by Black authors.[C] explored in greater detail the recurrent thematic concerns of Black fiction throughout its history.[D] assessed the relative literary merit of the novels he analyzes thematically.3. The author’s discussion of Black Fiction can be best described as[A] pedantic and contentious.[B] critical but admiring.[C] ironic and deprecating.[D] argumentative but unfocused.4. The author of the text employs all of the following in the discussion of Rosenblatt’s book EXCEPT:[A] rhetorical questions.[B] specific examples.[C] comparison and contrast.[D] definition of terms.5. The author of the text refers to James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an ExColored Man most probably in order to[A] point out affinities between Rosenblatt’s method of thematic analysis and earlier criticism.[B] clarify the point about expressionistic style made earlier in the passage.[C] qualify the assessment of Rosenblatt’s book made in the first paragraph of the passage.[D] give a specific example of one of the accomplishments of Rosenblatt’s work.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】A【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。
2014考研英语冲刺模拟卷及答案
2014考研英语冲刺模拟卷及答案Section ⅠUse of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) As former colonists of Great Britain, the Founding Fathers of the United States adopted much of the legal system of Great Britain. We have a “mon law”, or law made by courts 1 a monarch or other central governmental 2 like a legislature. The jury, a 3 of ordinary citizens chosen to decide a case, is an 4 part of our mon-law system.Use of juries to decide cases is a 5 feature of the American legal system. Few other countries in the world use juries as we do in the United States. 6 the centuries, many people have believed that juries in most cases reach a fairer and more just result 7 would be obtained using a judge 8 , as many countries do. 9 a jury decides cases after “10 ”，or discussions among a group of people, the jury’s decision is likely to have the 11 from many different people from different backgrounds, who must as a group decide what is right.Juries are used in both civil cases, which decide 12 among 13 citizens, and criminal cases, which decide cases brought by the government 14 that individuals have mitted crimes. Juries are selected from the U.S. citizens and 15 . Jurors, consisting of 16 numbers, are called for each case requiring a jury.The judge 17 to the case 18 the selection of jurors to serve as the jury for that case. In some states, 19 jurors are questioned by the judge; in others, they arequestioned by the lawyers representing the 20 under rules dictated by state law.1.[A]other than [B]rather than [C]more than [D]or rather2.[A]agency [B]organization [C]institution [D]authority3.[A]panel [B]crew [C]band [D]flock4.[A]innate [B]intact [C]integral [D]integrated5.[A]discriminating [B]distinguishing [C]determining [D]diminishing6.[A]In [B]By [C]After [D]Over7.[A]that [B]which [C]than [D]as8.[A]alike [B]alone [C]altogether [D]apart9.[A]Although [B]Because [C]If [D]While10.[A]deliberations [B]meditations [C]reflections [D]speculations11.[A]outline [B]oute [C]input [D]intake12.[A]arguments [B]controversies [C]disputes [D]hostilities13.[A]fellow [B]individual [C]personal [D]private14.[A]asserting [B]alleging [C]maintaining [D]testifying15.[A]summoned [B]evoked [C]rallied [D]assembled16.[A]set [B]exact [C]given [D]placed17.[A]allocated [B]allotted [C]appointed [D]assigned18.[A]administers[B]manages [C]oversees [D]presides19.[A]inspective [B]irrespective [C]perspective [D]prospective20.[A]bodies [B]parties [C]sides [D]unitsSectionⅡReading prehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts .Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text OneIt’s plain mon sense—the more happiness you feel, the less unhappiness you experience. It’s plain mon sense, but it’s not true. Recent research reveals that happiness and unhappiness are not really two sides of the same emotion. They are two distinct feelings that, coexisting, rise and fall independently.People might think that the higher a person’s level of unhappiness, the lower their level of happiness and vice versa. But when researchers measure people’s average levels of happiness and unhappiness, they often find little relationship between the two.The recognition that feelings of happiness and unhappiness can co-exist much like love and hate in a close relationship may offer valuable clues on how to lead a happier life. It suggests, for example, that changing or avoiding things that make you miserable may well make you less miserable, but probably won’t make you any happier. That advice is backed up by an extraordinary series of studies which indicate that a genetic predisposition for unhappiness may run in certain families. On the other hand, researchers have found happiness doesn’t appear to be anyone’s heritage. The capacity for joy is a talent you develop largely for yourself.Psychologists have settled on a working definition of the feeling—happiness is a sense of subjective well-being. They have also begun to find out who’s happy,who isn’t and why. To date, the research hasn’t found a simple formula for a happy life, but it has discovered some of the actions and attitudes that seem to bring people closer to that most desired of feelings.Why is unhappiness less influenced by environment? When we are happy, we are more responsive to people and keep up connections better than when we are feeling sad. This doesn’t mean, however, that some people are born to be sad and that’s that. Genes may predispose one to unhappiness, but disposition can be influenced by personal choice. You can increase your happiness through your own actions.21. According to the text, it is true that[A] unhappiness is more inherited than affected by environment.[B] happiness and unhappiness are mutually conditional.[C] unhappiness is subject to external more than internal factors.[D] happiness is an uncontrollable subjective feeling.22. The author argues that one can achieve happiness by[A] maintaining it at an average level.[B] escaping miserable occurrences in life.[C] pursuing it with one’s painstaking effort.[D] realizing its coexistence with unhappiness.23. The phrase “To date”(Para. 4) can be best replaced by[A] As a result.[B] In addition.[C] At present.[D] Until now.24. What do you think the author believes about happiness and unhappiness?[A] One feels unhappy owing to his miserable origin.[B] They are independent but existing concurrently[C] One feels happy by participating in more activities.[D] They are actions and attitudes taken by human beings.25. The sentence “That’s that”(Para. 5) probably means: Some people are born to be sad[A] and the situation cannot be altered.[B] and happiness remains inaccessible.[C] but they don’t think much about it.[D] but they remain unconscious of it.Text TwoWhat are the characteristics of a mediator? Foremost, the mediator needs to be seen as a respected neutral, objective third party who is capable of weighing out fairness in the resolution of a conflict. The mediator must be trusted by both parties to e up with a solution that will protect them from shame. While the central issue is justice, the oute needs to be win-win, no losers. The abilities to listen impartially, suspend judgment, and accurately gather and assess information are other important characteristics. Finally, to function effectively the mediator musthave power (financial, status, position), so that both parties will take seriously and abide by the mediator’s judgment. If one party refused to cooperate, he or she should fear the possibility of being shamed and losing face before the mediator and the whole munity. If that real possibility does not enter the minds of both parties, the mediator will be ineffective.In several countries mediators are still used to find a bride for a man. Usually this is a job for the parents, and they in turn employ the services of a mediator. Because this event takes much planning, the parents will try to identify the mediator well in advance. Since these services sometimes require reward, money must be saved. Or in some cases parents try to do a number of favors for the mediator so that he or she will feel indebtedness and perform the service as a kind of repayment.The parents will try to get the most influential mediator possible, to boost their chances of being approved by the potential bride’s parents. The young woman’s parents will not want to risk shame by turning down a request from such an important person—so the reasoning goes. Of course, the higher-ranked the mediator, the higher the cost of the services.plicating the process is the fact that turning down the mediator is also a slight of the potential groom and his parents, which will likely generate conflict between the families. If the parties are not careful, the entire munity can take sides. One way to alleviate this eventuality is for the young woman’s family to identify a flaw that would make her a less desirable prospect. They might say, “She is sickly.”or “She may not be able to bear children.”Although none of these statements may be true, and probably everyone knows they aren’t, they do provide a way for the young man’s parents to withdraw their request for a perfectly legitimate reason. Everyone saves face, at least at the surface, and peace is preserved.26. The characteristics of a mediator include all of the following except[A] unbiased judgment of arguments.[B] hard prudence in decision-making.[C] impartial treatment to a conflict.[D] remarkable insight into controversies.27. The author deems it important for a mediator[A] to be quite wealthy and considerate.[B] to be powerful to shame either party.[C] to justify the solution of a conflict.[D] to have high status to fear arguers.28. In some courtiers, young people’s marriage[A] is independent of their parents’will.[B] needs careful valuation in advance.[C] costs a small fortune of their family.[D] is usually facilitated by a mediator.29. The request of the groom’s parents may be turned down unless[A] they manage to hire a qualified mediator.[B] they make their best choice at all risks.[C] the young woman’s parents want to lose face.D] the bride’s parents dare to offend the mediator.30. It may be the best way to resolve a conflict for[A] the entire munity to offer support.[B] a mediator to be identified by both sides.[C] the oute of mediation to be acceptable.[D] a valid excuse to spare both sides’blushes.Text ThreeThe Internet, like its network predecessors, has turned out to be far more social than television, and in this respect, the impact of the Internet may be more like that of the telephone than of TV. Our research has shown that interpersonal munication is the dominant use of the Internet at home. That people use the Internet mainly for interpersonal munication, however, does not imply that their social interactions and relationships on the Internet are the same as their traditional social interactions and relationships, or that their social uses of the Internet will have effects parable to traditional social activity.Whether social uses of the Internet have positive or negative effects may depend on how the Internet shapes the balance of strong and weak network ties that people maintain. Strong ties are relationships associated with frequent contact, deep feelings of affection and obligation, whereas weak ties are relationships with superficial and easily broken bonds, infrequent contact, and narrow focus. Strong and weak ties alike provide people with social support. Weak ties including weakonline ties, are especially useful for linking people to information and social resources unavailable in people’s closest, local groups. Nonetheless, strong social ties are the relationships that generally buffer people from life’s stresses and that lead to better social and psychological outes. People receive most of their social support from people with whom they are in most frequent contact, and bigger favors e from those with stronger ties.Generally, strong personal ties are supported by physical proximity. The Internet potentially reduces the importance of physical proximity in creating and maintaining networks of strong social ties. Unlike face-to-face interaction or even the telephone, the Internet offers opportunities for social interactions that do not depend on the distance between parties. People often use the Internet to keep up with those with whom they have preexisting relationships. But they also develop new relationships on-line. Most of these new relationships are weak. MUDs, newsgroups, and chat rooms put people in contact with a pool of new groups, but these on-line “mixers”are typically organized around specific topics, or activities, and rarely revolve around local munity and close family and friends.Whether a typical relationship developed on-line bees as strong as a typical traditional relationship and whether having on-line relationships changes the number or quality of a person’s total social involvements are open questions. Empirical evidence about the impact of the Internet on relationships and social involvement is sparse. Many authors have debated whether the Internet will promote munity or undercut it. Much of this discussion has been speculative andanecdotal, or is based on cross-sectional data with small samples.31. The text is mainly about[A] the dominance of interpersonal munication.[B] strong and weak personal ties over the Internet.[C] the difference between old and modern relationships.[D] an empirical research on the Internet and its impact.32. It is implied in the text that[A] the Internet interactions can rival traditional ones.[B] television is inferior to telephone in social effect.[C] strong links are far more valid than weak ones.[D] the Internet features every home and munity.33. The word “buffer”(Para. 2) can probably be replaced by[A] deviate. [B] alleviate. [C] shield. [D] distract.34. According to the author, the Internet can[A] eliminate the hindrance of the distance.[B] weaken the intimate feelings among people.[C] provide people with close physical contacts.[D] enhance our ability to remove social stresses.35. From the text we can infer that[A] the evidence for the effect of the Internet seems abundant.[B] the social impact of the Internet has been barely studied enough.[C] some discussions are conclusive about the function of the Internet.[D] random samples have witnessed the positive influence of the Internet.Text FourLeadership is hardly a new area of research, of course. For years, academics have debated whether leaders are born or made, whether a person who lacks charisma (capacity to inspire devotion and enthusiasm) can bee a leader, and what makes leaders fail. Warren G. Bennis, possibly the possibly the world’s foremost expert on leading, has, together with his co-author, written two best-sellers on the topic. Generally, researchers have found that you can’t explain leadership by way of intelligence, birth order, family wealth or stability, level of education, race, or sex. From one leader to the next, there’s enormous variance in every one of those factors.The authors’research led to a new and telling discovery: that every leader, regardless of age, had undergone at least one intense, transformational experience —what the authors call a “crucible”(severe test). These events can either make you or break you. For emerging leaders, they do more making than breaking, providing key lessons to help a person move ahead confidently.If a crucible helps a person to bee leader, there are four essential qualities that allow someone to remain one, according to the authors. They are: an “adaptive capacity”that lets people not only survive inevitable setbacks, heartbreaks, and difficulties but also learn from them; an ability to engage others through shared meaning or a mon vision; a distinctive and pelling voice that municates one’s conviction and desire to do the right thing; and a sense of integrity that allows a leader to distinguish between good and evil.That sounds obvious enough to be monplace, until you look at some recent failures that show how valid these dictums (formal statements of opinion) are. The authors believe that former Coca-Cola Co. Chairman M. Douglas Ivester lasted just 28 months because “his grasp of context was sorrowful.”Among other things, Ivester degraded Coke’s highest-ranking African-American even as the pany was losing a $ 200 million class action brought by black employees. Procter & Gamble Co. ex-CEO Durk Jager lost his job because he failed to municate the urgent need for the sweeping changes he was making.It’s striking, too, that the authors found their geezers (whose formative period, as the authors define them,was 1945 to 1954, and who were shaped by World War II) sharing what they believed to be a critical trait—the sense of possibility and wonder more often associated with childhood. “Unlike those defeated by time and age, our geezers have remained much like our geeks (who came of age between 1991 and 2000, and grew up “virtual, visual, and digital”)—open, willing to take risks, hungry for knowledge and experience, courageous, and eager to see what the new day brings”, the authors write.36. The text indicates that leadership research[A] has been a controversial study for years.[B] predicts how a leader es to be.[C] defines the likelihood to be a leader.[D] probes the mysteries of leadership.37. According to Bennis, the trait shared by leaders consists of[A] top levels of intelligence and education and devotion.[B] remarkable ability to encourage people with loyalty and hope.[C] striking qualities of going through serious trials and sufferings.[D] strong personalities that arouse admiration and confidence.38. The favorable effect of a crucible depends on whether a leader[A] proves himself/herself to be a newly emergent one.[B] accepts it as a useful experience for progress.[C] shrinks back from tiring and trying experiences.[D] draws important lessons for his/her followers.39. A leader can hardly maintain his/her position unless he/she[A] fulfils all necessary quality requirements.[B] helps people to prevent defeats and sorrows.[C] fails to attract people with mon concerns.[D] lacks appealing and strength of character.40. The authors’dictums can be justified by the fact that[A] Douglas Ivester defeated a highest-ranking black employee in a suit.[B] Durk Jager was dismissed owing to his poor municating ability.[C] Geezers couldn’t erase the brands stamped in childhood.[D] Geeks are sensible enough to meet dangers and challenges.Part BDirections: You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45). The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered. There is one extra heading which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)[A] Physical Changes[B] Low Self-Esteem[C] Emerging Independence and Search for Identity[D] Emotional Turbulence[E] Interest in the Opposite Sex[F] Peer Pressure and ConformityThe transition to adulthood is difficult. Rapid physical growth begins in early adolescence—typically between the ages of 9 and 13—and thought processes start to take on adult characteristics. Many youngsters find these changes distressing because they do not fully understand what is happening to them. Fears and anxieties can be put to rest by simply keeping an open line of munication and preparing for change before it occurs. The main issues that arise during adolescence are:(41) __________A child’s self worth is particularly fragile during adolescence. Teenagers often struggle with an overwhelming sense that nobody likes them, that they’re not as good as other people, that they are failures, losers, ugly or unintelligent.(42) __________Some form of bodily dissatisfaction is mon among pre-teens. If dissatisfaction is great, it may cause them to bee shy or very easily embarrassed. In other cases, teens may act the opposite—loud and angry—in an effort to pensate for feelings of self-consciousness and inferiority. As alarming as these bodily changes can be, adolescents may find it equally distressing to not experience the changes at the same time as their peers. Late maturation can cause feelings of inferiority and awkwardness.(43) __________Young people feel more strongly about everything during adolescence. Fears bee more frightening, pleasures bee more exciting, irritations bee more distressing and frustrations bee more intolerable. Every experience appears king-sized during adolescence. Youngsters having a difficult adolescence may bee seriously depressed and/or engage in self-destructive behavior. Often, the first clue that a teenager needs professional help is a deep-rooted shift in attitude and behavior. Parents should be alert to the warning signs of personality change indicating that a teenager needs help. They include repeated school absences, slumping grades, use of alcohol or illegal substances, hostile or dangerous behavior and extreme withdrawal and reclusiveness. (44) __________There is tremendous pressure on adolescents to conform to the standards of their peers. This pressure toward conformity can be dangerous in that it applies not only to clothing and hairstyles; it may lead them to do things that they know are wrong.(45) __________Adolescence marks a period of increasing independence that often leads to conflict between teenagers and parents. This tension is a normal part of growing up—and for parents, a normal part of the letting-go process. Another normal part of adolescence is confusion over values and beliefs. This time of questioning is important as young people examine the values they have been taught and begin to embrace their own beliefs. Though they may adopt the same beliefs as their parents, discovering them on their own enables the young person to develop a sense of integrity.Although adolescence will present challenges for young people and their parents, awareness and munication can help pave the way for a smooth transition into this exciting phase of life.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Culture shock might be called an occupational disease of people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad. Like most ailments, it has its own symptoms and cure.Culture shock is precipitated by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs or cues include the thousand and one ways in which we orient ourselves to the situation of daily life:when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. 46) These cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. 47) All of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. He or she is like a fish out of water. 48) No matter how broad-minded or full of goodwill you may be, a series of props (支柱) have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration and anxiety. People react to the frustration in much the same way. First they reject the environment which causes the disfort. “The ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad.”49) When foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about the host country and its people, you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. Another phase of culture shock is regression. The home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. To the foreigner everything bees irrationally glorified. All the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. It usually takes trip home to bring one back to reality.Individuals differ greatly in the degree in which culture shock affects them. Although not mon, there are individuals who cannot live in foreign countries.Those who have seen people go through a serious case of culture shock and on to a satisfactory adjustment can discern steps in the process. During the first few weeks most individuals are fascinated by the new. They stay in hotels and associate with nationals who speak their language and are polite and gracious to foreigners. This honeymoon stage may last from a few days or weeks to six months depending on circumstances. 50) If one is a very important person he or she will be taken to the show places, will be pampered and petted, and in a press interview will speak glowingly about progress, goodwill, and international friendship. If he returns home may well write a book about his pleasant if superficial experience abroad.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:Your classmate, Bob, suffered a lot from the traffic accident one month ago. Besides, he lost his left leg and felt very sad. Write a letter to1) send out your grief and sympathy,2) offer your assistance, and3) show your best wishes.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead. Do not write the address.(10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay to1) describe the drawing,2) deduce the purpose of the painter of the drawing, and3) suggest counter-measures.You should write about 160—200 words neatly ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2013考研英语冲刺作文答案详解：Section I答案及解析答案详解1.【解析】[B]逻辑衔接题。
2014考研英语冲刺突击 完型填空专项模拟及答案(11)
2014考研英语冲刺突击完型填空专项模拟及答案(11)Text 11You probably know that it’s better for both you and the environment if you buy an organic tomato instead of one that’s been doused in pesticides, but there are lots of other things to consider before venturing down the aisle of your local supermarket (or farmer’s market).The explosion in1produce and other foods during the last few years has been an extremely2development in the food industry. However,3still exists about exactly what the organic4means. Do you know the difference between a cereal that’s “organic,”“100% organic,”and “made with organic5?”The USDA has clearly defined standards that6 which of those labels can legally go on your raisin bran. You can learn more about them at .Organic foods are great, but the jury is still very much out7another new development in the food world: genetically8organisms (GMOs). No one knows for certain the short and9 effects of these products of gene engineering,l0there’s a chance they could lead to the11 creation of “superweeds”or12with natural plant stocks, for more information on GMOs, we recommend visiting .13you’re shopping, don’t forget to consider the companies behind the14names. One cereal company might be an environmental champion,15the other manufactures its corn flakes via l6environmental practices. An easy way to compare two companies is to use17 such as www. Responsible . They present both the good and bad sides of every company they18, and they grade hundreds of companies on social, ethical and environmental issues.Remember:19conscious shopping is a powerful tool for effecting change. You can makea difference every time you fill your 20cart.1. A. green B. organicC. healthy D. optional2. A. positiveB. negativeC. active D. passive3. A. controversyB. contributionC. conversion D. confusion4. A. label B. markC. wordD. food5. A. components B. genesC. ingredientsD. compositions6. A. determine B. illustrateC. recommend D. demonstrate7. A. inB. toC. forD. on8. A. moved B. modifiedC. modeledD. motivated9. A. long-runB. long-term C. long-day D. long-distance10. A.while B. andC. butD. or11.A. unconditional B. unexceptionalC. unintentionalD. uncontroversial12. A. interfere B. interveneC. interactD. intrude13. A. Any time B. Anytime C. Some time D. Sometime14. A. brand B. codeC. product D. family15. A. when B. while C. asD. because16. A. constructive B. destructive C. instructive D. obstructive17. A. sights B. addressesC. sitesD. webs18. A. profit B. profile C. propose D. protect19. A. socially B. conditionallyC. morally D. environmentally20. A. nursery B. grocery C. bakery D. stationeryText 11答案1. 【答案】B【解析】做完形填空时不能急于下手，一般要先通读全文，把握文章大意，上下文信息能帮助我们做出正确选择。
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（二）
2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（二）以下《2014考研英语阅读理解专项模拟押题及答案解析（二）》由考研英语模拟题为您独家提供，欢迎大家参考。
Being a man hasalways been dangerous. There are about 105 males born for every 100 females,but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among70-year-olds there are twice as many women as men. But the great universal ofmale mortality is being changed. Now, boy babies survive almost as well as girlsdo. This means that, for the first time, there will be an excess of boys inthose crucial years when they are searching for a mate. More important, anotherchance for natural selection has been removed. Fifty years ago, the chance of ababy(particularly a boy baby) surviving depended on its weight. A kilogram toolight or too heavy meant almost certain death. T oday it makes almost nodifference. Since much of the variation is due to genes, one more agent ofevolution has gone。
2014考研英语冲刺突击 完型填空专项模拟及答案(10)
2014考研英语冲刺突击完型填空专项模拟及答案(10)Text 10Things in the henhouse changed practically overnight when McDonald’s announced in 1999 that it would no longer buy eggs from producers who didn’t meet its guidelines for care of chickens. Those guidelines included limiting the 1 of birds that could be kept in one 2 and prohibiting beak removal, 3 trimming just the tips.Once McDonald’s had 4 the way in issuing animal care guidelines for the company’s suppliers, many other giants of the fast-food industry rapidly followed 5 , including Burger King, Taco Bell, Pizza Hut, Wendy’s, A and W and KFC. Now, the American Meat Institute has 6 welfare guidelines and audit 7 for cattle, pigs, and chickens. And the European Union, representing our foreign customers, is also 8 in with, among other things, legislation banning. 9 use of crates to house pregnant sows, 10 in 2013.Questions about animal care 11 with the explosive growth in large-scale livestock farms, 12 spurred customers to complain about animals being treated as “factory parts”. That spurred ARS and the livestock industry to take a proactive approach to addressing animal 13 issues, making sure that guidelines are based on facts 14 through scientific research. The goal is to share research findings with the retail food industry and others so that the livestock industry can improve its 15 guidelines.Ten years ago, to 16 these concerns, ARS started a research program on livestock behavior and stress. The scientists involved were tasked with finding out whether modern farming practices were 17 stressing animals. And if so, could scientific methods be developed to measure this stress so that 18 could be evaluated objectively rather than subjectively?A decade later, the 19 answer is “yes” to both questions, Many had expected the answer to be “no” on both counts, but science works independently 20 people’s opinions.1. A. amountB. number C. figureD. sum2. A. cageB. caveC. caseD. cart3. A. but forB. except forC. aside fromD. away from4. A. pavedB. changedC. ledD. opened5. A. suitB. stepC. setD. super6. A. adaptedB. adopted C. approvedD. accepted7. A. bookletsB. pamphletsC. brochuresD. checklists8. A. measuringB. weighingC. consideringD. thinking9. A. prolongedB. proceededC. programmedD. progressed10. A. efficientB. effectiveC. effusiveD. elective11. A. raisedB. roseC. aroseD. pose12. A. who B. whatC. whichD. how13. A. health B. lifeC. wealthD welfare14. A. decidedB. determinedC. provedD. tested15. A. voluntaryB. revolutionaryC. preliminaryD. necessary16. A. expressB. addressC. suppress D. compress17. A. unduly B. unequallyC. unfortunatelyD. unfavorably18. A. performancesB. programsC. problems D. practices19. A. sequentialB. initialC. essentialD. financial20. A. ofB. onC. byD. withText 10答案1.【答案】B【解析】amount指不可数名词的“数量”，number指可数名词的“数目”，figure指一个“数字”，sum多指钱的“数量”。
2014年考研英语阅读理解 真题译文+ 题目翻译
2014年考研英语阅读理解真题译文+ 题目翻译Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age, they often start to notice that their memory and mental clarity are not what they used to be. We suddenly can’t remember ___1___ we put the keys just a moment ago, or an old acquaintance’s name, or the name of an old band we used to love. As the brain ___2___, we refer to these occurrences as "senior moments." ___3___ seemingly innocent, this loss of mental focus can potentially have a (n) ___4___ impact on our professional, social, and personal ___5___.Neuroscientists, experts who study the nervous system, are increasingly showing that there’s actually a lot that can be done. It ___6___ out that the brain needs exercise in much the same way our muscles do, and the right mental ___7___ can significantly improve our basic cognitive ___8___. Thinking is essentially a ___9___ of making connections in the brain. To a certain extent, our ability to ___10___ in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited. ___11___, because these connections are made through effort and practice, scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate ___12___ mental effort.Now, a new Web-based company has taken it a step ___13___ and developed the first "brain training program" designed to actually help people improve and regain their mental ___14___.The Web-based program ___15___ you to systematically improve your memory and attention skills. The program keeps ___16___ of your progress and provides detailed feedback ___17___ your performance and improvement. Most importantly, it ___18___modifies and enhances the games you play to ___19___ on the strengths you are developing—much like a(n) ___20___exercise routine requires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.1. [A]where [B]when [C]that [D]why2. [A]improves [B]fades [C]recovers [D]collapses3. [A]If [B]Unless [C]Once [D]While4. [A]uneven [B]limited [C]damaging [D]obscure5. [A]wellbeing [B]environment [C]relationship [D]outlook6. [A]turns [B]finds [C]points [D]figures7. [A]roundabouts [B]responses [C]workouts [D]associations8. [A]genre [B]functions [C]circumstances [D]criterion9. [A]channel [B]condition [C]sequence [D]process10. [A]persist [B]believe [C]excel [D]feature11. [A] Therefore [B] Moreover [C] Otherwise [D] However12. [A]according to [B]regardless of [C]apart from [D]instead of13. [A]back [B]further [C]aside [D]around14. [A]sharpness [B]stability [C]framework [D]flexibility15. [A]forces [B]reminds [C]hurries [D]allows16. [A]hold [B]track [C]order [D]pace17. [A]to [B]with [C]for [D]on18. [A]irregularly [B]habitually [C]constantly [D]unusually19. [A]carry [B]put [C]build [D]take20. [A]risky [B]effective [C]idle [D]familiarSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1In order to "change lives for the better" and reduce "dependency" George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the "upfront work search" scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefit and then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed. There will now be a seven-day wait for the jobseeker’s allowance. "Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on." he claimed. "We’re doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster." Help? Really? On first hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with "reforms" to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal for "fundamental fairness"—protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a job is hurting: you don’t skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job.But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependency — permanent dependency if you can get it — supported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unemployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very phrase "jobseeker’s allowance" — invented in 1996 — is about redefining the unemployed as a "jobseeker" who had no mandatory right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited "allowance," conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitlement and no insurance, at £71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.21. George Osborne’s scheme was intended to[A]provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.*B+encourage jobseekers’ active engagement in job seeking.[C]motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.*D+guarantee jobseekers’ legiti mate right to benefits.22. The phrase, "to sign on" (Line 3, Para. 2) most probably means[A]to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.*B+to accept the government’s restrictions on the allowance.[C]to register for an allowance from the government.[D]to attend a governmental job-training program.23. What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?[A]A desire to secure a better life for all.[B]An eagerness to protect the unemployed.[C]An urge to be generous to the claimants.[D]A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24. According to Paragraph 3, being unemployed makes one feel[A]uneasy[B]enraged.[C]insulted.[D]guilty.25. To which of the following would the author most probably agree?[A]The British welfare system indulges jobseekers’ laziness.*B+Osborne’s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.*C+The jobseekers’ allowance has met their actual needs.[D]Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.Text 2All around the world, lawyers generate more hostility than the members of any other profession—with the possible exception of journalism. But there are few places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis, spending on legal services in America grew twice as fast as inflation. The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full of money, tempting ever more students to pile into law schools. But most law graduates never get a big-firm job. Many of them instead become the kind of nuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this. One is the excessive costs of a legal education. There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states: a four-year undergraduate degree in some unrelated subject, then a three-year law degree at one of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar Association and an expensive preparation for the bar exam. This leaves today’s average law-school graduate with $100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts. Law-school debt means that many cannot afford to go into government or non-profit work, and that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers. Sensible ideas have been around for a long time, but the state-level bodies that govern the profession have been too conservative to implement them. One idea is to allow people to study law as an undergraduate degree. Another is to let students sit for the bar after only two years of law school. If the bar exam is truly a stern enough test for a would-be lawyer, those who can sit it earlier should be allowed todo so. Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by a third.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownership structure of thebusiness. Except in the District of Columbia, non-lawyers may not own any share of a law firm. This keeps fees high and innovation slow. There is pressure for change from within the profession, but opponents of change among the regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers from the pressure to make money rather than serve clients ethically.In fact, allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costs and improve services to customers, by encouraging law firms to use technology and to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms’ efficiency. After all, other countries, such as Australia and Britain, have started liberalizing their legal professions. America should follow.26.a lot of students take up law as their profession due to[A]the growing demand from clients.[B]the increasing pressure of inflation.[C]the prospect of working in big firms.[D]the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most American states?[A]Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.[B]Admissions approval from the bar association.*C+Pursuing a bachelor’s degree in another major.[D]Receiving training by professional associations.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates from*A+lawyers’ and clients’ strong resistance.[B]the rigid bodies governing the profession.[C]the stem exam for would-be lawyers.[D]non-professionals’ sharp criticism.29.The guild-like ownership structure is considered "restrictive"partly because it*A+bans outsiders’ involvement in the profession.[B]keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.[C]aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.[D]prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.30.In this text, the author mainly discusses*A+flawed ownership of America’s law firms and its causes.[B]the factors that help make a successful lawyer in America.[C]a problem in America’s legal profession and solutions to it.*D+the role of undergraduate studies in America’s legal education.Text 3The US$3-million Fundamental physics prize is indeed an interesting experiment, as Alexander Polyakov said when he ac cepted this year’s award in March. And it is far from the only one of its type. As a News Feature article in Nature discusses, a string of lucrative awards for researchers have joined the Nobel Prizes in recent years. Many, like the Fundamental Physics Prize, are funded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs. These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields, they say, and they want to use their wealth to draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.What’s not to like? Quite a lot, according to a handful of scientists quoted in the News Feature. You cannot buy class, as the old saying goes, and these upstart entrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels, The new awards are an exercise in self-promotion forthose behind them, say scientists. They could distort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research. They could cement the status quo of peer-reviewed research. They do not fund peer-reviewed research. They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-givers seem as scattered as the criticism. Some want to shock, others to draw people into science, or to better reward those who have made their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before, there are some legitimate concerns about how science prizes—both new and old—are distributed. The Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences, launched this year, takes an unrepresentative view of what the life sciences include. But the Nobel Foundation’s limit of three recipients per prize, each of whom must still be living, has long been outgrown by the collaborative nature of modern research—as will be demonstrated by the inevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discovery of the Higgs boson. The Nobels were, of course, themselves set up by a very rich individual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money. Time, rather than intention, has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientists may complain about the new awards, two things seem clear. First, most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offered one. Second, it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come to science rather than go elsewhere, It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism—that is the culture of research, after all—but it is the prize-givers’ money to do with as they please. It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.31. The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen as*A+a symbol of the entrepreneurs’ wealth.[B]a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.*C+an example of bankers’ investments.[D]a handsome reward for researchers.32. The critics think that the new awards will most benefit[A]the profit-oriented scientists.[B]the founders of the new awards.[C]the achievement-based system.[D]peer-review-led research.33. The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involves*A+controversies over the recipients’ status.[B]the joint effort of modern researchers.[C]legitimate concerns over the new prizes.[D]the demonstration of research findings.34. According to Paragraph 4,which of the following is true of the Nobels?[A]Their endurance has done justice to them.[B]Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.[C]They are the most representative honor.[D]History has never cast doubt on them.35.The author believes that the now awards are[A]acceptable despite the criticism.[B]harmful to the culture of research.[C]subject to undesirable changes.[D]unworthy of public attention.Text 4"The Heart of the Matter," the just-released report by the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (AAAS), deserves praise for affirming the importance of the humanities and social sciences to the prosperity and security of liberal democracy in America. Regrettably, however, the report’s failure to address the true nature of the crisis facing liberal education may cause more harm than good.In 2010, leading congressional Democrats and Republicans sent letters to the AAAS asking that it identify actions that could be taken by "federal, state and local governments, universities, foundations, educators, individual benefactors and others" to "maintain national excellence in humanities and social scientific scholarship and education." In response, the American Academy formed the Commission on the Humanities and Social Sciences. Among the commission’s 51 members are top-tier-university presidents, scholars, lawyers, judges, and business executives, as well as prominent figures from diplomacy, filmmaking, music and journalism.The goals identified in the report are generally admirable. Because representative government presupposes an informed citizenry, the report supports full literacy; stresses the study of history and government, particularly American history and American government; and encourages the use of new digital technologies. To encourage innovation and competition, the report calls for increased investment in research, the crafting of coherent curricula that improve students’ a bility to solve problems and communicate effectively in the 21st century, increased funding for teachers and the encouragement of scholars to bring their learning to bear on the great challenges of the day. The report also advocates greater study of foreign languages, international affairs and the expansion of study abroad programs.Unfortunately, despite 2½ years in the making, "The Heart of the Matter" never gets to the heart of the matter: the illiberal nature of liberal education at our leading colleges and universities. The commission ignores that for several decades America's colleges and universities have produced graduates who don’t know the content and character of liberal education and are thus deprived of its benefits. Sadly, the spirit of inquiry once at home on campus has been replaced by the use of the humanities and social sciences as vehicles for publicizing "progressive," or left-liberal propaganda.Today, professors routinely treat the progressive interpretation of history and progressive public policy as the proper subject of study while portraying conservative or classical liberal ideas—such as free markets and self-reliance—as falling outside the boundaries of routine, and sometimes legitimate, intellectual investigation.The AAAS displays great enthusiasm for liberal education. Yet its report may well set back reform by obscuring the depth and breadth of the challenge that Congress asked it to illuminate.36. According to Paragraph 1, what is the author’s attitude toward the AAAS’s report?[A] Critical[B] Appreciative[C] Contemptuous[D] Tolerant37. Influential figures in the Congress required that the AAAS report on how to*A+ retain people’s interest in liberal education*B+ define the government’s role in educati on[C] keep a leading position in liberal education*D+ safeguard individuals’ rights to education38. According to Paragraph 3, the report suggests[A] an exclusive study of American history[B] a greater emphasis on theoretical subjects[C] the application of emerging technologies[D] funding for the study of foreign languages39. The author implies in Paragraph 5 that professors are[A] supportive of free markets[B] cautious about intellectual investigation[C] conservative about public policy[D] biased against classical liberal ideas40. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Ways to Grasp "The Heart of the Matter"[B] Illiberal Education and "The Heart of the Matter"*C+ The AAAS’s Contributio n to Liberal Education[D] Progressive Policy vs. Liberal EducationPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent text by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs A and E have been correctly placed Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET (10 points)[A] Some archaeological sites have always been easily observable—for example, the Parthenon in Athens, Greece, the pyramids of Giza in Egypt; and the megaliths of Stonehenge in southern England. But these sites are exceptions to the norm. Most archaeological sites have been located by means of careful searching, while many others have been discovered by accident. Olduvai Gorge, an early hominid site in Tanzania, was found by a butterfly hunter who literally fell into its deep valley in 1911. Thousands of Aztec artifacts came to light during the digging of the Mexico City subway in the 1970s.[B]In another case, American archaeologists Rene Million and George Cowgill spent years systematically mapping the entire city of Teotihuacan in the Valley of Mexico near what is now Mexico City. At its peak around AD 600, this city was one of the largest human settlements in the world. The researchers mapped not only the city’s vast and ornate ceremonial areas, but also hundreds of simpler apartment complexes where common people lived.[C] How do archaeologists know where to find what they are looking for when there is nothing visible on the surface of the ground? Typically, they survey and sample (make test excavations on) large areas of terrain to determine where excavation will yield useful information. Surveys and test samples have also become important for understanding the larger landscapes that contain archaeological sites.[D] Surveys can cover a single large settlement or entire landscapes. In one case, many researchers working around the ancient Maya city of Copan, Honduras, have located hundreds of small rural villages and individual dwellings by using aerial photographs and by making surveys on foot. The resulting settlement maps show how the distribution and density of the rural population around the city changed dramatically between AD 500 and 850, when Copancollapsed.[E] To find their sites, archaeologists today rely heavily on systematic survey methods and a variety of high-technology tools and techniques. Airborne technologies, such as different types of radar and photographic equipment carried by airplanes or spacecraft, allow archaeologists to learn about what lies beneath the ground without digging. Aerial surveys locate general areas of interest or larger buried features, such as ancient buildings or fields.[F] Most archaeological sites, however, are discovered by archaeologists who have set out to look for them. Such searches can take years. British archaeologist Howard Carter knew that the tomb of the Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun existed from information found in other sites. Carter sifted through rubble in the Valley of the Kings for seven years before he located the tomb in 1922. In the late 1800s British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evan combed antique dealers’ stores in Athens, Greece. He was searching for tiny engraved seals attributed to the ancient Mycenaean culture that dominated Greece from the 1400s to 1200s BC. Evans’s interpretations of these engravings eventually led him to find the Minoan palace at Knossos (Knossós) on the island of Crete, in 1900.[G] Ground surveys allow archaeologists to pinpoint the places where digs will be successful. Most ground surveys involve a lot of walking, looking for surface clues such as small fragments of pottery. They often include a certain amount of digging to test for buried materials at selected points across a landscape. Archaeologists also may locate buried remains by using such technologies as ground radar, magnetic-field recording, and metal detectors. Archaeologists commonly use computers to map sites and the landscapes around sites. Two and three-dimensional maps are helpful tools in planning excavations, illustrating how sites look, and presenting the results of archaeological research.41.C → A →42.F → E →43.G→ 44.D →45.BPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music. (46)It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.Beethoven’s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel in his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention. (47)By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find courage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works.This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven’smusic. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics. (48)Beethoven’s habit of increasing the volume with an intense crescendo and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society. (49)Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression.Beethoven’s music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word. (50)One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living.46. It is also the reason why when we try to describe music with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself.这也是为什么我们尝试用语言来描述音乐时，只是能表达出对音乐的感受却无法领会音乐本身。
2014年中考英语考前压轴训练 阅读理解及参考答案
2014年中考英语考前压轴训练阅读理解30篇及参考答案AOn Oct 22, 2013 Beijing Municipal Commission of Education（北京市教委）announced（宣布）that, from 2016, the English scores in the senior high schoolentrance exam (中考) will be reduced from 120 to 100. Of the 100points, the listening ability scores will add to 50, while, the points forChinese will add from 120 to 150."The change won't affect me. I feel so lucky because English ismy strongest subject," said Wang Jiaming.Why such a change? It places the importance on Chinese in our study, and cuts students' pressure, said Li Yi, spokesman of the commission."The change will also push us to pay attention to the practical usage (实际运用) of English," said Li. "Students will be encouraged to learn to understand English menus and read English news on mobile phones."There isn't news that other cities will have the same change. But several places are making changes to English tests in the college entrance exams.For example, Shandong is considering taking out the listening part of the English exam in its gaokao.But, "being tested for fewer points doesn't mean the subject can be taken lightly," Bai Ping wrote in China Daily.Wang Jiaming said he understood the change. "Chinese, not English, is our mother tongue（母语）,”he said. "But still, I think English is both interesting and useful."1. In the Beijing senior high school entrance exam of 2016,_______.A. the English scores will be cut down to 100B. the English listening ability scores will be loweredC. the points for Chinese will be cut by 30 pointsD. the points for chemistry will add by 20 points2. Wang Jiaming feels lucky because_______.A. he doesn't need to take the important examB. the exam change from 2016 doesn't affect himC. he does well in ChineseD. he is poor in chemistry3. What is the main purpose (目的) of the change?A. To encourage students to learn how to order meals in English.B. To make students learn to read English news on mobile phones.C. To ask students to prepare for the college entrance exam.D. To make students pay more attention to learning Chinese.4. What does Bai Ping think of the reforms?A. They make students spend less time on English.B. They make it harder to get a high score.C. Studying English is still important for the students.D. English is both interesting and useful.5. Which of the following is NOT true about the English test reform?A. English scores will be cut to 100 in Beijing .B. English scores will be cut by 20 points in Beijing.C. English listening ability scores will add to 100.D. English listening ability scores in gaokao is considered to be taken out in Shandong.参考答案1—5 ABDCCBPE classes usually mean running, jumping and playing ball games. But students at Aspire Middle School in Lacey, Washington spend their PE classes doing yoga."PE has been either dance or yoga since we started," said theheadmaster Monica Sweet. "They're both very popular classes."Teacher Anne Kohlbry developed the yoga program and beganteaching it when the school opened in 2009. Each class lasts about 50minutes. It includes some warm-up activities such as walking laps(跑道的圈) around the school, controlled breathing, stretches (伸展) and a few minutes of relaxation.Kohlbry usually plays classical music while students stretch on yoga mats. They practice several classic poses. For example, to do the mountain pose, students stand tall with feet together. They take a deep breath and raise their hands over their head. Their palms（手掌）face each other with arms straight. Then they try to reach up toward the sky with their fingertips.When doing yoga, students need to be calm and find the balance of their bodies. It helps them focus, according to Kohlbry."Focus is a big thing-middle school kids are so distracted（分心的），”she told the local newspaper The Olympian.Yoga also makes students healthier."I've had a lot of kids saying, 'Madam, I've developed a six-pack muscle(肌肉)' because we do a lot of strength training," she said.Eighth-grader Jessica Wallingford, 14, likes the class. "In the two years that I've been here, there are a lot of things I've improved on. It's pretty cool. It's better than running laps," she said."It feels like exercise," said Thomas Shiveley, 11. "It's not tiring, but it's good exercise."1. PE classes at Aspire Middle School are special because the students are asked to_______.A. run on the playgroundB. do yogaC. play ball gamesD. jump2. According to the passage, which of the following picture is the mountain pose?3. Doing yoga can help the students_______.A. keep balanceB. get excitedC. become focusedD. control their breath4. Which word has the same meaning as "focus" in the passage?A. Attention.B. Force.C. Distraction,D. Balance.5. From the passage, we learn that_______.A. doing yoga makes Shiveley feel tiredB. strength can hardly be trained in yogaC. classical music is of ten played in yoga classesD. warm-up exercise is not necessary in doing yoga参考答案1—5 BDCACCThe best salesman in the world Harry saw an ad in a window. It said, "Wanted. The best salesman in the world.""I'm a great salesman," Harry told himself. "I can sell anything. I'll go in and ask for that job."He went into the building and spoke to the manager. "I'm the best salesman in the world," he said. "Give me the job.""You must prove you're the best, "the manager said."I'll pass every test you give me," Harry told him.Then the manager took a box of candy out of his desk. "Last week, I bought a thousand boxes of this candy. If you can sell them all before the end of the week, you can have the job."Harry took the boxes of candy and left the office. Every day and all day, he went from shop to shop, trying to sell boxes of the candy. However, he couldn't sell one.At the end of the week, he went back to the manager. "I'm sorry, sir," he said. "I was wrong about myself. I'm not the best salesman in the world, but I know who is.""Oh," said the manager. "Who?""The person who sold you a thousand boxes of this candy," Harry said.1. Harry went to ask for the job because he was_______ himself at first.A. afraid ofB. wrong withC. sure ofD. worried about2. If Harry wants to get the job, he would have to_______.A. buy all the sweets from the managerB. sell out all the sweets in a few daysC. eat all the sweets in a few daysD. sell the sweets at the weekend3. Choose the right order of this story.①Harry went to ask for the job.②Harry told the manager who the best seller really was.③Harry saw an ad in a window.④Harry went to sell the sweets.4. From this story we can see that_______.A. Harry didn't get the jobB. Harry was a good sellerC. the manager was a good sellerD. the ad was a good one参考答案1—4 CBCADWhen I was in seventh grade, I was shy, quiet and a target (目标) for bullies（恶霸学生）．I used to get very upset about it, and would of ten cry on my way home.In an art lesson, one of the bullies stole my pencil case, threw it acrossthe room and sat back down, watching me as I went to pick it up. Later on, hegrabbed my school tie and pulled it towards him, causing me to stumble（蹒跚）. I stood up for myself for the first time, snatching（抢夺）the tie from hishand and pushing him away. I sat back down. I was shaking all over andcouldn't focus for the rest of the lesson. I was scared and upset at what I'd finally done.I was slow to leave the classroom, for fear of the bully having another go at me outside. I was the last to leave the classroom, and my teacher asked me: "Peter, are you OK?""Yes," I answered."No, you are not," he said.We had a chat. He made me smile and I became confident again. He taught me some life lessons, and said, "Toughen up（坚强起来），don't be a bully yourself, but remember you are stronger inside, and if the bullies see this, they will stop. Believe in yourself."These words stuck with me, and as I walked to school, holding my head high and not acknowledging（理会）the bullies in any way, the bullying soon stopped.1. The writer was of ten bullied in seventh grade, because_______.A. he was too naughtyB. he didn't study wellC. he came from a poor familyD. he was quiet and not confident2. What happened in an art lesson?A. The writer took away another student's pencil case.B. The writer bullied another student.C. The writer fought back for the first time.D. The teacher punished him for being careless.3. How did the writer feel after the incident（事件）?A. Proud.B. Excited.C. Terrified.D. Confident.4. The teacher told the writer if he wanted to avoid being bullied, he should_______.A. believe in himselfB. work hard at his lessonsC. have a stronger bodyD. tell it to the teacher at once参考答案1—4 DCCAEBefore reading, let's first imagine-how your life will be if you can never have milk, eggs orany fruits? That must be tough, isn't it?The book Kylie s Special Treat is about a princess with foodallergies. Letizia Barbetta, author of the book, is inspired to writethe book by her daughter Sofia, who is allergic to milk, eggs andmany fruits.Letizia writes the story to help Sofia feel better about havingfood allergies. Sofia realized that when it came to food, things would be very different and difficult. One night, she asked her mother if there was ever a princess with food allergies as she had. This question brought tears to Letizia's eyes and she answered with a firm "Yes", That's the moment Letizia decided to start writing.The book makes Sofia proud and happy. In fact, besides Sofia, all children can benefit from Kylie s Special Treat.Food allergies among children are on the rise. Therefore, the book can no doubt comfort children with food allergies. It also provides an easy and fun way to explain food allergies to children who don't have them. Most importantly, "I also want children to know that everyone might have some flaws, but he/she can still be special in his/her own way!" Letizia explained.1. What's the Chinese meaning of the underlined phrase "food allergies"?A．饮食常识 B.挑剔食物 C.食物过敏 D.厌食症2. Why did Letizia write the book?A. Because her daughter asked her to write the story.B. Because it is a real story about a princess in her country.C. Because she wants to help Sofia feel better about food allergiesD. Because she wants to call on others to care for children.3. The underlined sentence shows_______.A. Sofia wishes she were a princessB. Sofia is troubled by food allergiesC. Sofia likes the story about princessesD. Sofia thought she is an unusual girl4. What's the name of the princess in the book Kylie s Special Treat?A. Kylie.B. Letizia.C. Sofia.D. We don't know.5. Which of the following is true?A. Letizia is an author with food allergies.B. The book was written only for people with food allergies.C. The book tells the children food allergies are flaws.D. Letizia wants to comfort children with food alfergies.参考答案1—5 CCBADFFree Birds is an American 3D comedy film. Originally titled Turkeys and scheduled for 2014. Here is a good news, the movie will be released in 2013.As we all know, turkeys are traditional food on Thanksgiving Day. Buthave we ever thought of how those little turkeys feel? Are they really willingto be eaten by us? Well, maybe the answer is "No". In the coming movieFree Birds, two brave turkeys are trying not to be on plates any more.What do they do? Thanks to a time machine, they get to the firstThanksgiving and try to remove turkeys out of Thanksgiving forever. Whenthey are busy changing history, the turkey team also has to put aside theirdifferences and work closely together.Do they succeed in the end? We won't get the answer until the moviehits the big screen on November 1 in the USA.In real life, turkeys might still be a necessary part of Thanksgiving. But when we enjoy them, we should also show some gratitude. After all, thankfulness is the key to a Thanksgiving Day.1. The movie Free Birds is a/an_______.A. thrillerB. comedyC. action movieD. documentary2. When will Free Birds be on?A. On the first Thanksgiving.B. It isn't mentioned in the passage.C. on November l, 2014.D. On November l, 2013.3. From the passage we CAN'T know .A. Free Birds was produced in the United StatesB. the two turkeys try to use a time machine to change historyC. the key to a Thanksgiving Day is thankfulnessD. the two turkeys remove turkeys out of Thanksgiving forever4. What's the meaning of the underlined word "gratitude"?A. 同情B. 兴奋C. 感恩D. 无奈5. The text above is probably_______.A. a noticeB. an advertisementC. an invitationD. a movie poster参考答案1—5 BDDCDGMy son Joey was born with club feet（畸形足）. The doctorstold us he would be able to walk normally-but would never run verywell. The first three years of his life were spent in surgery（手术）and braces（支架）．By the time he was 8, you wouldn't know he hada problem when you saw him walk..The children in our neighborhood ran around, as most children do,and Joey would play too. We never told him that he probably wouldn't be able to run as well as the other children. So he didn't know.In seventh grade he decided to try out for the cross-country team. Every day he trained with the team. Although the whole team runs, only the top seven runners have the potential to scorepoints for the school. We didn't tell him he probably would never make the team, so he didn't know.He continued to run 4 miles (6.4 km) a day, every day-even the day he had a 39.5 C fever. We never told him he couldn't run 4 miles with a 39.5 C fever. So he didn't know.When the coach posted the names of the team members, Joey was number six on the list. Joey had made the team. He was in seventh grade-the other six team members were all eighth-graders. We never told him he couldn't do it...so he didn't know. He just did it.1. Joey couldn't walk normally until_______.A. he was three years oldB. he was eight years oldC. he was in seventh gradeD. he ran for the cross-country team2. What did Joey's parents do when Joey decided to try out for the cross-country team?A. They felt very nervous.B. They tried to stop him.C. They helped him in their own way.D. They didn't tell him what to do.3. According to the passage, after training, Joey _______.A. had a high feverB. hurt his club feetC. became the oldest member of the teamD. got the chance to score points for his school4. What does the underlined word "potential" mean?A.义务B.任务C.运气D.潜能5. What does the writer want to tell us?A. You can do anything if you have a strong will.B. You can run faster than others with training.C. Parents should allow their children to do anything.D. Parents should know how to help their kids succeed.参考答案1—5 BCDDDHMany say their most painful moments are saying goodbye to thosethey love. After watching Cheryl, my daughter-in-law (儿媳) ,throughthe six long months her mother suffered towards death, I think the mostpainful moments can be in the waiting to say goodbyeCheryl made the two-hour trip over and over to be with her mother.They spent the long afternoons holding hands and sharing memories.Each time she kissed her mother before leaving, her mother wouldtear up(泪流满面) and say, "I'm sorry you drove so far and sat for solong and I didn't even wake up to talk with you."Cheryl would tell her it didn't matter, but still her mother felt she had let her down andapologized（道歉）at each goodbye."Mom, do you remember when I was in the high school basketball team?" Cheryl's mother nodded, "You'd drive so far and sit for so long and I never even left the bench to play. You waited for me after every game and each time I felt bad and apologized to you for wasting your time." Cheryl gently took her mother's hand."Do you remember what you'd say to me?""I would say I didn't come to see you play. I came to see you.""And you meant those words, didn't you?""Yes, I really did.""Well, now I say the same words to you. I didn't come to see you talk. I came to see you."Her mother understood and smiled as she floated back into sleep.1. According to the writer, what are the most painful moments for people?A. Saying goodbye to those they love.B. Watching one's mother leave and say goodbye.C. Waiting to speak to those they love most.D. Waiting to say goodbye to those they love.2. In the 4th paragraph, "her mother felt she had let her down" means _______.A. the mother thought she had disappointed her daughterB. Cheryl thought her mother's disease had cost her too muchC. the mother thought Chery had cried too many times for herD. Chery thought she had been moved deeply by her mother's words3. Cheryl told her mother about the school basketball game in order to_______.A. apologize to her motherB. test her mother's memoryC. comfort her motherD. ask her mother to forgive her4. Saying "I came to see you" shows that the mother and the daughter_______ each other.A. became more friendly toB. wouldn't worry aboutC. loved and understoodD. of ten played jokes on5. Which is NOT true according to the Passage?A. The author is Cheryl's mother.B. Cheryl spent two hours driving to her mother's.C. Cheryl's leave made her mother cry.D. Cheryl's word made her mother feel comfort参考答案1—5 DACCCITaking part in charity is not just for adult people. Kids can do it too! Melvin Sheppard, 14, an American student, has done charity work for-eight years. He has also encouraged his classmates to join him.Melvin studies at William Allen Middle School in Philadelphia. Recently, he collected $1,500 by himself and $487 from his classmates to donate to Cooper University Hospital.Melvin was born nine weeks premature(早产的) in CooperUniversity Hospital, weighing 2.6kg. His father told him howCooper saved his life, so he feels thankful to the hospital.Melvin's classmates joined him once they found out abouthis kind behavior. Their teacher, Michael Bemer, also held aclass with them about helping others. "It wasn't really about themoney," Berner said. "It was about the fact that they were doing something good.""It feels great, helping someone that I know," said Jordan, MeMn's classmate. MeMn's neighbors also helped out.Since Melvin was 8, he and his parents have given money to Cooper University Hospital every year. This year, Gary E. Stahl, the head of Cooper's division of neonatology(新生儿科学部门), went to Melvin's school to accept the money.The money goes to a part of the hospital that helps about 500 young patients every year. "When they leave, we call them graduates," Stahl said. He said he and his co-workers are pleased when their graduates and their families do well, like Melvin and his family.1. When did Sheppard begin to do charity work?A. When he was 14 years oldB. When he was 8 years old.C. When he was 6 years old.D. From the moment he was born.2. According to the passage, we know Melvin_______.A. was born nine weeks earlier than expectedB. donated lots of money to a boy named CooperC. collected 487 dollars by himself this yearD. is a patient at Cooper University Hospital.3. What do Melvin's classmates think of his behavior?A. He pays too much attention to money.B. He is kind and does good things.C. He is wasting lots of money and energy.D. What he does is just a matter of money.4. When Stahl says "we call them graduates", "them" refers to_______.A. Melvin and his familyB. Melvin and his classmatesC. the hospital's patientsD. his co-workers5. The best title for the Passage is _______.A. Charity comes from a thankful heartB. Both the adults and the kids should do the charityC. Helping others is greatD. MeMn, a kind-heart boy参考答案1—5 BABCAJ"Everything happens for the best." Whenever I faced disappointment, my mother would say this to me.After I graduated from college in 1932, I decided to find a job inradio as a sports announcer(广播员). I went to Chicago and knocked atthe door of every station. But unluckily, I was refused every time.At one station, a kind lady told me that big stations wouldn't hire(雇佣) an inexperienced person and suggested that I try my luck at smallerstations. Following her advice, I went back to Dixon, where I had grownup. There were no radio-announcing jobs in Dixon, and my father said a newly-opened store wanted a local athlete to work for it. I applied for the job, but I was refused again."Everything happens for the best," Mom reminded me. Dad offered me the car to look for a job. I tried WOC Radio in Davenport, Iowa. The program director, Peter MacArthur, told me they had already hired an announcer.As I left his office, my frustration boiled over. "How can I become a sports announcer if I can't get a job in a radio station?" I asked aloud.While I was waiting for the elevator, I heard someone calling. It was MacArthur. "What was that you said about sports? Do you know anything about football?" Then he asked me to broadcast (广播) an imaginary game. Pleased with my performance, he offered me a chance to work there.On my way home, I thought of my mother's words, "If you carry on, one day something good will happen. Something wouldn't have happened if not for that previous disappointment."1. Why couldn't the writer find a job at big radio stations?A. Because he never graduated from college.B. Because he didn't work hard in college.C. Because he didn't have much experience.D. Because he didn't know about sports.2. Which of the following is the correct order of events?a. The writer got a job as a sports announcer at a radio station.b. The writer was refused when he applied for jobs in Chicago.c. The writer graduated from college.d. The writer went back to his hometown to look for a job.A. cbdaB. cbadC. bcdaD. bcad3. Which of the following is ture?A. The writer's parents didn't want him to be a sports announcer.B. There were no radio-announcing jobs in the writer's hometown.C. The writer became uninterested in sports announcing.D. The writer got a job as a sports announcer in Dixon at last.4. The underlined phrase "boiled over" means_______A. 达到极点B. 随遇而安C. 无影无踪D. 无法诉说 .5. According to the last paragraph, what did the writer's mom want to tell him?A. He shouldn't be a sports announcer.B. Disappointment leads to failure.C. He should be proud of himself.D. Everything will be OK if he keeps trying.参考答案1—5 CABAD2014年中考英语考前压轴训练阅读理解(2)ASome years ago, on a hot summer day, a little boy decided to go swimming in the old swimming hole.He jumped into the water, but he didn't realize that a crocodile(鳄鱼)was swimming toward him. His mother was looking out of the window andsaw the two as they got closer and closer together. She ran toward the waterand shouted to her son as loudly as she could.Hearing her voice, the little boy became scared and made a U-turn toswim to his mother. It was too late. Just as he reached her, the crocodilereached him.From the dock（码头）, the mother held her little boy by the arms just as the crocodile caught his legs. That began a tug-of -war（拔河）between the two. The crocodile was much stronger than the mother, but the mother was much too passionate to let go. A farmer happened to drive by. When he heard the mother's crying, he ran out from his truck, took aim and shot the crocodile.Amazingly, after weeks and weeks in the hospital, the little boy survived. His legs were full of cuts from the accident. And on his arms were deep scars（伤疤）from his mother's fingernails.A newspaper reporter asked the boy if he would show him his scars. The boy lifted his legs. And then, he said to the reporter: "But look at my arms. I have great scars on my arms, too. I have them because my mom wouldn't let go."1. Hearing the mother's voice, the boy_______.A. still went on swimming forwardsB. became too frightened to swimC. swam back towards his motherD. decided to beat the crocodile2. The boy survived because of the following EXCEPT_______.A. his mother's not letting goB. a farmer's helpC. the medical treatmentD. his good swimming skills3. Which is true according to the story?A. The boy's legs were both scarred.B. The crocodile bit the boy's arms.C. The mother lost her arms.D. The mother was hurt badly by the crocodile.4. In the last paragraph, the boy meant to tell the reporter_______.A. how deep the scars made by the crocodile wereB. how much his mother loved himC. how greatly the scars troubled himD. what a brave and clever hero he was参考答案1—4 CDABBOne afternoon many years ago, I sat down on a bench in a park and watched a little boy, around 2 years old, running freely on the grass as his mother watched from a short distance. The boy would fall to the grass, get up, and without looking back at his mother, ran as fast as he could as if nothing had happened.When kids fall down, they don't think of the fall as a failure. Instead, theyconsider it as a learning experience. They try again and again until they succeed.While I was touched by the boy's strong mind, I was also touched by theway he ran. With each attempt, he looked so confident and natural. He onlywanted to run freely and to do it as well as he could. He was just being achild-just being himself-being completely in the moment. He never gave up.Each time he fell, he got himself back up again, as if he knew that falling downwas simply a part of life.He was not looking for others' smiles, or worrying about whether someone was watching or not. He only wanted to run and to feel the experience of running fully and freely. I learned a lot from that experience, and have successfully brought that lesson with me in many parts in my life.1. From Paragraph l, we know that the boy's mother_______.A. was strict with himB. had a special way to educate her sonC. didn't love her son as much as othersD. was too weak to help her son get up2. Which is true according to the passage?A. The kid was in a blue jacket.B. The kid was about 2 years old.C. The kid was playing with his grandparents when he fell down.D. When the kid fell down he cried for a while.3. The writer was touched by the boy because the boy _______.A. might stop running when he fell downB. never fell down if he made up his mind to runC. didn't care about the fall and went on runningD. was good at running and never fell down4. What can we learn from the story?A. Falling down will make a person feel frightened from then on.B. Falling down is the mother of success.C. When others are watching, people fall down easily.D. One will succeed if he/she is confident and never gives up.参考答案1—4 BBCDC。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2014考研英语阅读专项冲刺练习及答案(十)The use of heat pumps has been held back largely by skepticism about advertisers’claims that heat pumps can provide as many as two units of thermal energy for each unit of electrical energy used, thus apparently contradicting the principle of energy conservation.Heat pumps circulate a fluid refrigerant that cycles alternatively from its liquid phase to its vapor phase in a closed loop. The refrigerant, starting as a low-temperature, low-pressure vapor, enters a compressor driven by an electric motor. The refrigerant leaves the compressor as a hot, dense vapor and flows through a heat exchanger called the condenser, which transfers heat from the refrigerant to a body of air. Now the refrigerant, as a high-pressure, cooled liquid, confronts a flow restriction which causes the pressure to drop. As the pressure falls, the refrigerant expands and partially vaporizes, becoming chilled. It then passes through a second heat exchanger, the evaporator, which transfers heat from the air to the refrigerant, reducing the temperature of this second body of air. Of the two heat exchangers, one is located inside, and the other one outside the house, so each is in contact with a different body of air: room air and outside air, respectively.The flow direction of refrigerant through a heat pump is controlled by valves. When the refrigerant flow is reversed, the heat exchangers switch function. This flow-reversal capability allows heat pumps either to heat or cool room air.Now, if under certain conditions a heat pump puts out more thermal energy than it consumes in electrical energy, has the law of energy conservation been challenged? No, not even remotely: the additional input of thermal energy into the circulating refrigerant via the evaporator accounts for the difference in the energy equation.Unfortunately there is one real problem. The heating capacity of a heat pump decreases as the outdoor temperature falls. The drop in capacity is caused by the lessening amount of refrigerant mass moved through the compressor at one time. The heating capacity is proportional to this mass flow rate: the less the mass of refrigerant being compressed, the less the thermal load it can transfer through the heat-pump cycle. The volume flow rate of refrigerant vapor through the single-speed rotary compressor used in heat pumps is approximately constant. But cold refrigerant vapor entering a compressor is at lower pressure than warmer vapor. Therefore, the mass of cold refrigerant — and thus the thermal energy it carries — is less than if the refrigerant vapor were warmer before compression.Here, then, lies a genuine drawback of heat pumps: in extremely cold climates — where the most heat is needed — heat pumps are least able to supply enough heat.1. The primary purpose of the text is to[A] explain the differences in the working of a heat pump when the outdoortemperature changes.[B] contrast the heating and the cooling modes of heat pumps.[C] describe heat pumps, their use, and factors affecting their use.[D] advocate the more widespread use of heat pumps.2. The author resolves the question of whether heat pumps run counter to the principle of energy conservation by[A] carefully qualifying the meaning of that principle.[B] pointing out a factual effort in the statement that gives rise to this question.[C] supplying additional relevant facts.[D] denying the relevance of that principle to heat pumps.3. It can be inferred from the text that, in the course of a heating season, the heating capacity of a heat pump is greatest when[A] heating is least essential.[B] electricity rates are lowest.[C] its compressor runs the fastest.[D] outdoor temperatures hold steady.4. If the author’s assessment of the use of heat pumps (lines 1-4) is correct, which of the following best expresses the lesson that advertisers should learn from this case?[A] Do not make exaggerated claims about the products you are trying to promote.[B] Focus your advertising campaign on vague analogies and veiled implications instead of on facts.[C] Do not use facts in your advertising that will strain the prospective client’s ability to believe.[D] Do not assume in your advertising that the prospective clients know even the most elementary scientific principles.5. The text suggests that heat pumps would be used more widely if[A] they could also be used as air conditioners.[B] they could be moved around to supply heat where it is most needed.[C] their heat output could be thermostatically controlled.[D] people appreciated the role of the evaporator in the energy equation.[答案与考点解析]1. 【答案】C【考点解析】这是一道中心主旨题。