句子类型及成分
句子成分及类型
句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。
1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。
通常用名词或代词担任。
如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。
主要由动词担任。
如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间)3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。
通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。
如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。
通常由名词或代词担任。
如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词)有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。
指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。
间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。
如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信)有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。
如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信)5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。
如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。
如:He works hard .(他工作努力)7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。
如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课) / The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语)☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。
句子成分、结构及种类
句子成分、结构和种类一、句子成分1、主语:主要由名词、代词、名词化的形容不定式、动名词、短语、从句来充当2、谓语:表示主语的行为动作或所处的状态,一般由动词担当,位于主语的后面,表达句子的时态、语态、语气等。
谓语动词有人称和数的变化。
(1〕简单谓语 : 凡事由一个动词或动词短语构成的谓语都是简单谓语(2〕复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形、连系动词加表语构成的谓语我会说英语。
【“情态动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________我不知道她的地址。
【“助动词 +动词原形〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________陈老师是我的数学老师。
【“连系动词 +表语〞作复合谓语】_____________________________________________3、表语:说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。
名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语等都可以作表语。
琳达毕业后像她妈妈一样当了医生。
【名词作表语】_____________________________________________那个数码相机是我的。
【代词作表语】_____________________________________________运动会之后我感到很累。
【形容词作表语】_____________________________________________4、宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,可用在及物动词和介词之后。
可以作宾语主要成分有名词〔短语〕、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等。
直接宾语表示动作的承受者或结果,一般指物。
间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的,一般指人。
间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前,也可位于其后,位于其后时,要在间接宾语前加介词to 或 for 。
我们支持你的方案【名词作宾语】_____________________________________________他邀请了我去俱乐部。
句子成分类型及五大基本句型
初中英语句子成分及五种基本句型讲解与练习句子成分&五种基本句型I【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括:主语、谓语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。
(一)主语:主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。
一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。
它在句首。
如:(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)(2)He reads Eniglish every day. (代词作主语)(3)Swimming is my favorite sport.(动名词作主语)(4)To have a bridge is their dream .(不定式作主语)(5)What we learn is very useful. (主语从句作主语)(二)谓语说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语(谓语部分里主要的词)必须是动词。
谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。
它在主语后面。
如:His parents are teachers. (系动词作谓语)We work hard. (行为动词作谓语)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(三)宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。
一般放在谓语之后。
She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)We often help him.(代词作宾语)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)We like listening to the music.我们喜欢听音乐。
句子种类与成分
所涉及内容:句子的成分;句子的种类;句子的类型;五种基本句型一.句子成分句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。
1、主语:是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。
但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。
主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。
一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当.文档来自于网络搜索The boy needs a pen.Smoking is bad for your health.He is a nice boy.Six is my lucky number.There is a pen on the desk.Can you mend my bike?Who is Lily?Only in this way can you solve this problem.What he wants is a bike.2、谓语:说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。
动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。
一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 文档来自于网络搜索1)简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。
如:He practices running every morning.2.)复合谓语:(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。
如:You may keep the book for two weeks.He has caught a bad cold.(2)由系动词加表语构成。
如:We are students.助动词动词系动词实义动词及物动词行为动词不及物动词3、宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承受者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。
一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当。
如:They went to see a film yesterday.(名词)宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)如:Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.文档来自于网络搜索(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)如:They elected him their monitor.Don’t make the little baby cry.4、表语:表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词之后。
p1句子成分和五种句子类型
状语
1.
修饰动词,形容词或副词, 状语类似于副
词。
一般表示行为发生的时间,地点,目的,方 式,程度等意义。 3. 一般放句末,有的也可放在句首,句中。 He did it carefully. Without his help, we couldn’t work it out. In order to catch up with my classmates, I must study hard.
2) SVP 主语+系动词+表语
eg. The plan sounds perfect. Frank is an artist.
3) SVO 主语+谓语+宾语
eg. I saw a bird. My sister enjoyed the play.
4)SVOiOd 主语+谓语+间宾+直宾 简 单 eg. The lady gave Jack a watch. 句 My father bought me a bicycle. 五 5) SVOC 主语+谓语+宾语+补语 种 eg. They called him a fool. 句 She found the children fast asleep. 型 *在阅读句子的时候,第一个任务就是要找到 谓语! *做谓语的动词有时态、语态和数的变化;还 有及物动词与不及物动词的区别。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.They
work hard. 主 + 谓 (状) 2.The flower is beautiful. 主+ 系+表 3.Plants need water. 主+ 谓+宾 4.He gives me some books. 主 + 谓 + 间宾+ 直宾 5.We should keep the ice in the fridge. 主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补 6.Many animals live in the forest. 主 + 谓 (状)
句子成分、种类和句型
3.这些孩子应该受到良好的照顾。(take care of) The children should be taken good care of.
3.宾语
表示动作的对象,跟主语的性质差不多,一般由 名词、宾格代词(me、her等),或者有相当于名 词的词、短语或句子充当(包括不定式、动名词、 和宾语从句)。
5. She said that she felt sick.
that she felt sick 宾语从句
6. They sent the injured to hospital.
the injured名词化的形容词 7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. it宾格代词;to believe her any longer不定式 8. We consider it no good getting up late. it宾格代词; getting up late动名词短语 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. it宾格代词;that he should have done that宾语从句
B.汉译英
1.穿红色衣服的女孩是我的妹妹。(in red) The girl in red is my sister. 2.及时做每一件事情是个好习惯。(to do) It is a good habit to do everything in time. 3.精通一门外语不容易。(master) It is not easy to master a foreign language.
宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语,直接宾语为动作 的承受者,间接宾语说明动作是对谁或为谁而做。
句型的种类与成份初中语文句式知识点
句型的种类与成份初中语文句式知识点句型的种类与成份初中语文句式知识点单句句型1、主谓句:主谓句是由主谓短语带上一定的语气、语调构成的句子。
分类:动词性谓语句:太阳‖出来了。
他‖养了一大群鸡。
茶桌‖擦得滑溜溜的。
形容词性谓语句:土地‖[很]肥沃。
赵州桥‖[非常]雄伟。
他‖[非常]健康。
名词性谓语句:今天‖国庆节。
今天‖星期五。
他性格‖温和。
主谓谓语句:这些事情‖我都知道。
她‖身份特殊。
(桥的)设计‖[完全]合乎(科学)原理。
2、非主谓句:是由主谓短语以外的短语或单个词形成的、分不出主语和谓语的单句。
分类:动词性非主谓句:并不是省略了主语,而是不需要补出,甚至无法补出。
出太阳了。
上课了。
禁止吸烟。
站住!有人敲门。
形容词非主谓句:通常由一个形容词或形容词短语形成。
要在一定语境里才能成立。
对!好!太棒了!名词性非主谓句:由一个名词或名词性偏正短语形成。
1949年。
多么壮丽的山河啊!飞机!小杨!(呼唤、称呼)1949年春天。
北京万寿寺。
(在剧本里说明时间、地点)叹词、拟声词非主谓句:哦!(我想起来了。
)呜--(火车的汽笛响了。
)非主谓句也可以划分成:(1)无主句:只有谓语没有主语的句子。
主要有以下四类:下雪了。
发水了。
集合了!下课了!放虎归山,必有后患。
立冬不砍菜,一定受霜害。
请勿吸烟!禁止吸烟。
禁止携带易燃和易爆品进站上车!为两国人民的友谊干杯!祝你生日快乐!是我拿走了那个东西。
有人!大家注意!(2)独词句:由一个词或一个偏正词组组成的句子。
主要有以下五类:好大的!这种人!天哪!真好!星期天上午9:30,办公室。
第二年冬天。
老鼠!鬼子!(甲对乙一伸手)钥匙!(顾客对饭店服务小姐招招手)筷子!喂!老王!老王!哎!来了!是!是!好!好!当然!怎么!为!劳驾!谢谢!客气!辛苦了!3、“把”字句:是主动句的一种。
句中谓语一般都是及物动词,而且不能是单个的动词,应当是短语或动词的重叠形式。
如:勇士们把敌人打退了。
句子成分划分
谓语
▪ 谓语:是陈述主语,说明主语的,说明主 语“是什么”或“怎么样”。
▪ 例:满天乌云‖顿时消散了。 树叶‖黄了。 小王‖今年十六岁。 明天‖星期日。 什么书‖他都看。 鲁迅‖是中国现代文学的奠基人。
C.在这之前‖朋友们得到要暗杀他的消息。
D.我们‖对于传说的话,都应当经过一番思 考。
⑷1949年10月1日,毛主席在天安门城楼上向全世 界人民庄严宣告:“中华人民共和国成立了!”
〔1949年10月1日〕,毛主席〔在天安门城楼上〕 〔向全世界人民〕〔庄严〕宣告:“中华人民共 和国成立了!”(状语由多个短语充当)
⑸我们的同学来自全国各地。
我们的同学来〈自全国各地〉。(补语由介宾短语 充当)
〔最近〕北京人民广播电台|〔还〕播放了 (阿隆·阿甫夏洛穆夫)(以北京胡同为题的) 交响诗。
⑼两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。
(两只)(美丽)的画眉〔高兴〕地唱(一首) 歌。
【模拟试题】
1.分析下列句子中“游泳”一词所充当的 成分。
(1)游泳爱好者都夸这个海滨的风景好。 (2)许多人都喜爱游泳。 (3)游泳是一项很有益的活动。 (4)他们正在海滨浴场游泳。
1、①唐代的诗歌好而多;||(并列)② 宋元词曲多而好;|(因果)③所以文学 史上有“唐诗宋词元曲”之说。
2、①想有乔木,||||(并列)②想看好 花,|||(假设)③一定要有好土,|| (并列)④没有土,|||(假设)⑤便没 有花木,|(因果)⑥所以土实在比花木 还重要。
四、划分句子练习
⑴ 白求恩同志毫不利已专门利人的精神鼓舞 着我们。
几种特殊的单句
句子的成分和基本句型
句子的成分和基本句型句子是由各种词类按照一定的语法规则组成的,可以表达完整的概念。
句子开头第一个字母一定要大写,结尾要注明标点符号。
一、句子的成分组成句子的各个部分叫作句子的成分。
句子的成分有主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体,表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语的组成部分,其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。
1 主语+不及物动词(S+V)主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”,通常用名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或从句担任。
主语要放在句首。
The girl studies in No.4 Middle School.这个女孩子在四中学习。
(叙述“谁”)The post office is open.邮局开门了。
(叙述“事,什么”)Only five are here.只有五个人来了。
(数词作主语)To say is one thing, and to do is another.说是一回事,做是另一回事。
(不定式作主语)What you said hurt me badly.你所说的话深深地刺伤了我。
(从句作主语)注意:it作主语时,可以有以下作用:①表示时间、天气、季节、距离和自然现象。
It's twelve thirty.现在十二点半。
It's windy today.今天刮大风。
It's autumn and they want to go for an out of town tour.这是秋天,他们要去郊游。
It's only ten minutes walk from here.从这儿走十分钟就到了。
It was so hot in this summer.今年夏天可真热!②表示刚刚提到的事情。
What's this? It's a fox.这是什么? 它是一只狐狸。
What's that? It's your new coat.那是什么? 是你的新大衣。
句子结构类型和成分
句子结构类型和成分
1. 简单句:由一个主语和一个谓语构成的句子。
例如:"I love you."(我爱你。
)
2. 并列句:由两个或多个主语和谓语并列连接而成的句子。
例如:"He is tall and handsome."(他又高又帅。
)
4. 复合并列句:由两个或多个主句和从句并列连接而成的句子。
例如:"She loves music, but she can't sing well."(她喜欢音乐,但
是她唱得不好。
)
句子的成分指的是句子中的各个部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语等。
1.主语:句子中执行动作或者是动作的承受者。
例如:"I"(我)
2. 谓语:句子中表示动作或状态的词或短语。
例如:"love"(爱)
3. 宾语:句子中动作的承受者或者是动作的对象。
例如:"you"(你)
4. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰或限定的词或短语。
例如:"tall"(高)
5.状语:对动词、形容词、副词等进行修饰或限定的词或短语。
句子成分及类型
句子成分及类型:一、句子的成分:句子的组成部分分为:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语,其中主语与谓语是主要成分,一般不可缺少;其它成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。
1.主语:句子的主体,表示句子所说的是谁或是什么,一般由名词、代词,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有名词性从句),如, The students are all very clever.It is a wonderful film.Studying English is very important.To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.That he won the prize excited everyone.2.谓语:说明主语的动作、状态或特征;由动词充当,如,They all work hard to make their homeland more beautiful.I like football very much.3.宾语:表示动作的对象,跟主语的性质差不多,一般由名词、代词,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括不定式、动名词还有名词性从句),4.表语:说明主语的性质、特征、身份等,一般由名词(或相当于名词的词、短语或句子)、形容词、介词短语等充当,如, The story is very interesting.Her uncle is a teacher.My wallet is on the desk.My suggestion is that we should start at once.My suggestion is to leave at once.5.定语:用来修饰名词或代词,起限定作用;通常由形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、从句等来表示,如,The wallet on the desk is mine.In the picture there is an apple tree.He is one of the students that have been late.6.状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或者副词,一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等意义,通常由副词、介词短语、从句等来表示,如,We will have the meeting in the big hall.Why not go with us since you have enough time?*补语:以上的都是句子的组成部分,而补语则是从句子的从含义上说而引申出的一个概念,是对原来意义的一种补充,表语、状语、同位语等有时都可以看作是一种补语,如,He is right over there, watering the flowers.Nobody can change my mind, including my parents.二、句子的分类:. 交际功能上:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句1.陈述句;用来说明事实或者说话人看法;2.疑问句:A.一般疑问句:对某一情况是否事实提出疑问,一般用YES,或NO来回答,有两种形式:be/have+主语…..?助动词(情态动词)+主语+行为动词……?B.特殊疑问句:用疑问词(what, who, how, why, when,where…)提问,一般有两种结构,疑问词+一般疑问句型结构,what are you doing?疑问词做主语或主语的定语时用陈述语序,what is your name?C.反意疑问句:表示提问者有一定的主观看法,但没有把握,希望对方来证实;有四种形式:前肯定后否定、前否定后肯定、前后都肯定、前后都否定,较为常用的为两种:前肯定后否定、前否定后肯定。
句子类型和句子成分
五、基本句型的转换与扩大 1. 基本句型: 陈述句、肯定句、主动句 疑问句、否定句、被动句 e.g. My name is Li Hua. Everyone laughed. The children are sleeping. He asked a question. My friend gave me a book. Tom painted the wall creamy white.
二、句型结构 谓语 主语 Harry is the most handsome boy in our class. All the men have done their best. Mr. Carter will investigate further. Her paintings were judged inferior to Linda’s. Smoking causes trouble in the lungs. e.g. The boys and the girls are listening carefully. I opened the magazine and began to read it.
一、句子种类
1. 完全句和不完全句 完全句:至少有一个完整主谓结构的句子。 不完全句:省略句或独立使用并具有一定 交际功能的句子。 e.g. ----What’s your name? ----Li Hua. No smoking! Help!
2. 简单句、并列句、复杂句、并列复杂句
简单句:只包含一个主谓结构而且各个成分均由词 组构成的句子。
有些及物动词的宾语后需要 5.宾语补足语: 添加部分对宾语进行补充说 明,这一部分称为宾补。 e.g. I found the book very interesting. He made himself known to them first. She asked me to lend her a hand. I consider him as my best friend. We should keep it a secret. Please make yourself at home. 宾语补足语主要由名词、形容词、介词短语、 不定式、V-ing形式或V-ed形式等担任。
1.句子成分和句子类型
介宾
定语 (Attributive):
• 定语的作用
–用于修饰、限定名词或代词。
• 定语一般由???充当。 形容词 • 定语还可以由名词充当,表用途。
– a pencil box –a beautiful girl 定语
定语 (Attributive):
• 定语也可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。
– Those who want to learn English well should study harder than others. – an interesting book – a meeting to attend – The man over there – The books on the shelf
• 主语还可以由从句或非谓语动词充当。
– Twelve divided by four is three.(数词)
谓语 (Predicate)
• 谓语 表示一个动作、行为,是由
动词充当的。
–I teach you English. 谓语
• 一个句子能不能没有谓语? 不能
宾语 (Object):
• 宾语的分类:
以接复合宾语结构。 • SVOC句型
– I saw him rushing out of the room. OC可以看作复合宾语!
基本句型七
• 这个基本句型的特点是谓语动词可
以接双宾语。 • SVoO句型
– I gave him the book. – I gave the book to him. 辨清直接和间 接宾语!!!
• 定语也可以由副词(词组)或介词(词组)
充当。
状语(Adverbial)
• 状语是用于修饰副词、形容词或动词 •
句子成分和五种句子类型
4.宾语(object) 宾语
1. 表示动作的对象或结果。 表示动作的对象或结果。 2.用在及物动词或介词后面 用在及物动词或介词后面. 用在及物动词或介词后面 She is playing the piano. He often helps me. He likes to sleep in the open air. He is addicted to smoking. We enjoy living in China. 3.宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。 宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语。 宾语包括直接宾语和间接宾语 Please pass me the book. = Please pass the book to me. He bought her some flowers. =He bought some flowers for her.
Choose the right answer He made another wonderful discovery, , _____ of great importance to science. A A.which I think is B.which I think it is C.which I think it D.I think which is
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
The machine is in good condition. Silk feels soft and smooth. He has suddenly fallen ill. He stood quite still. The lift is out of order/ has gone wrong. It will stay/remain cold for several days. The man proved (to be) a thief. I hope your dream will come true. That is where he lives. Her job is to look after children in the kindergarten.
句子成分及种类
句子成分&句子结构一、句子成分句子成分主要包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补足语等;主语和谓语是句子的必需部分;宾语、表语和补足语是句子的必要部分;其他成分如状语和定语,是句子的辅助部分;有些句子还带有感叹语、插入语,它们在句法上与句子其他成分不存在关系,称为独立成分;1.主语: 主语是句中动作、行为、性质或状态的主体,是一个句子谈论的主题;主语可以由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、从句等来充当;Some people can’t use the computer. 名词作主语He teaches us English. 代词作主语Three and five is eight. 数词作主语To read in bed is bad for your eyes. 不定式作主语Eating more vegetables is good for us. 动名词短语作主语That you forgot to tell me the time for the meeting caused me lots of trouble. 从句作主语广东Do you need more time to complete the taskYes, another ten days _____ enough.A, is B, are C, was D, were2.谓语: 谓语用来说明主语的行动、动作或所处的状态;谓语由动词或短语动词充当,一般放在主语之后;谓语可分为简单谓语和合成谓语;The boy speaks Japanese. 简单谓语Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 简单谓语I can play the baseball. 合成谓语Our city becomes more beautiful. 合成谓语3.宾语: 宾语表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、数词、动名词、动词不定式或起名词作用的其他成分充当;I bought a book. 单宾语,名词The news surprised us. 单宾语,代词He told me the news about it. 双宾语,代词/名词A friend lent some money to me. 双宾语, 名词/代词We consider him an honest boy. 复合宾语Mr. Wang always makes his classes interesting. 复合宾语4.表语:表语用来说明主语的特征、属性、状态、身份等,与前面的连系动词一起构成系表结构作复合谓语;My pen friend is an American boy. 名词This book isn’t mine. 代词He was the first to come to school yesterday. 数词The man looks strong. 形容词My father is out. 副词His job is to clean the school. 动词不定式短语The dictionary is in the bag. 介词短语Wasting time is killing yourself. 动名词短语The trouble is that she has lost his phone number. 从句5.定语:定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分,分为前置定语和后置定语两种; (1)前置定语:常用来充当前置定语的有形容词、代词、数词、名词或名词所有格,动词-ing 形式等;We had a good time in the park. adj.His father is doctor. pron.She cut the meat into two pieces. numeralThis is a stone table. n.Let’s put the child in the sleeping bag. v-ing(2)后置定语: 常用来充当后置定语的有形容词、副词、动词不定式、介词短语、分词短语和从句等;I have got something interesting to tell every one of you. Adj.The trees around were cut last week. Adv.Would do you like something to drink InfinitiveThe book on the bed is mine. Prepositional phraseThe model plane flying in the sky is made by Bill. Present participleThe woman who stands at the gate is my mother. Subordinate clause6.状语:状语常用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子;它可以表示时间、地点、程度、原因、目的、结果等;状语常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、从句等担当;They are walking in the park.He was looking everywhere for Jane.She was deeply moved by the story I told her.I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a long time.He spoke so fast that I couldn’t hear clearly what he said.7.补足语: 补足语是用来说明主语或宾语的性质、状态等的一种句子成分;含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语成了主语补足语;可以作为补足语的有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等;You must keep your bedroom clean.He was once again found wandering along the street.现在分词作主语补足语His parents made him stay at home. 动词不定式作宾语补足语→He was made to stay at home by his parents. 动词不定式作主语补足语8.同位语: 对句子中某一成分作进一步解释、说明,与其在语法上处于同等地位的句子成分即同位语;同位语常置于被说明的词之后;同位语由名词、代词、数词、从句等充当;This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster.We each have a cellphone now.You may leave it to us two.We are excited about the news that we win the match.9.独立成分: 在句子中插入一个词或短语,这个词或短语并不和其他成分发生语法关系,此时这个词或短语就是一种独立成分;独立成分包括称呼语、感叹语、插入语等;Hurry up, friends, or we’ll be late. 称呼语作独立成分Aha I’ve got you right here. 感叹语作独立成分By the way, what do you usually do at weekend 插入语作独立成分二、句子结构英语句子按照结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句;1.简单句:只有一个主语或并列主语和一个谓语或并列谓语的句子叫简单句;判断下列句子属于哪种简单句的基本句型:We walked and laughed.The children are playing.Children often sing this song.I don’t know what to do.My bike is new.He became a famous scientist.Mr. Wu teaches us English.My father bought me a new camera.We can hear someone playing the violin next door.We can keep it warm.拓展:There +be +主语+ 状语英语中有一个独特的句型叫there be 结构,该结构表示“某地/某时存在某人/某物”;There 无意义,be是谓语动词,它后面的名词是主语,两者在数上必须保持一致;句子最后为地点状语或时间状语;There is a car in front of the house.There are many books in his school bag.2.并列句: 并列句是由并列连词and, but, or, so等把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起而构成的句子;并列连词的基本句子结构为:简单句+并列连词+ 简单句;(1)表示并列的并列连词I help her and she helps me.Both Wendy and Kate are from American.(2)表示选择的并列连词The girls can go with us, or they can stay at home.Either he or she is going to help us.(3)表示因果的并列连词The days are short, for it is now December.The boy did his homework carefully, so he never made any mistakes(4)表示转折的并列连词It is very good, yet it can be better.He is old but he is in good health.That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.3.复合句: 由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句;主句为句子的主体,从句不能独立,仅用作句子的一个成分,如主语、宾语、表语、同位语、定语、状语等;We shouldn’t give our children whatever they want.I’ll never forget the stories that my grandma told me.He worked for a foreign company when he was in Shanghai.一.划出下列句子中的主语①A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.②I don’t know if it will grow.③ Doing your homework in time is important.④To win the game is difficult.⑤There are some people in our classroom.⑥Five is not enough.二. 划出下列句子中的谓语①I saw a girl.②I love you.③ You should work English hard.④You had better take a bus.⑤I want to give you a book.三.划出下列句子中的宾语①I saw a cat in the tree.②We think you are right.③ My father bought me a book.④We call him LaoWang.⑤We forgot to close the window.四.划出下列句子中的定语①That is a beautiful flower.②This is my book, not your book.③ I have a lot of things to do.④I have met the boy in that room.⑤He has something important to say.五.划出下列句子中的状语①He is playing under the tree.②Ten years ago, She began to live in Dalian.③ The house is dirty because he didn’t clean it.④He buys a gift to make her happy.⑤If I am not busy tomorrow, I will play football with you.六. 划出下列句子中的表语①These desks are yellow.②It is getting cooler and cooler now.③ My work is teaching English,④It sounds good.⑤It smells nice.七. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语① Please tell us a story.② My father bought a new bike for me last week.③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.⑤ Did he leave any message for me。
五种基本句型+划分句子成分
(一),简单句 S+V+O (即主语+谓语+宾语) (二),并列句
S1+V1+O1+but/yet/however/so/therefore/ and+S2+V2+O2 (三),主从并列句 S1+V1+O1+conj(主从复合句的连词) +S2+V2+O2
二,简单句的各种成 分:
4. She doesn’t mind being laughed at.
She is a beautiful girl. I like fishing. It turns out to be good. She sent me a letter. It seems so nice. Your brother has gone home.. The sun rises in the east.
Your brother has gone home. 主语,谓语,状语 The sun rises in the east. 主语,谓语,状语
划分句子成分
1.The girl under the tree is Kate . 2.I bought a new dictionary. 3.The boy is in this room. 4.Your watch is not the same as mine. 5.The poor boy was my son. 6.When he came in, she smiled.
主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补 足语
They study French. Tom gives me a pen-box. He found the old man
句子成分和五种基本句型
Exercises:
1.Don’t leave the water______ while you brush your teeth. (2004年天津) A. run B. running C. being run D. to run 2. You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’ve had it______ often enough. (2005年天津) A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained
三、祈使句: Be sure to get here before nine. You do it right now. 四、感叹句: ① what + 感叹句: What a noble-hearted man he was! What good news it is! ② how + 感叹句: How well she dances! How fast they are working!
They found her happy that day.
2.主语+不及物动词 来自 S + Vi. )The telephone rang. His father might have died. We all breathe, drink and eat.
注:这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,状语并非结构 上不可缺少的成分。但在某种情况下,不加状语便不能表 达完整的意思,这就引出了下列句型:
A great deal of water is used by people in that city. (被动语态)
She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. He is doing morning exercises. This factory makes machine tools. Mary has ordered a new dress. I have had my lunch. 注:这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词,后面只跟一个宾语,因 此称单宾及物动词,一般不需状语即可表达完整的意思。但在某些 情况下,状语必不可少,这就引出了下列句型: △ 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语: He put the vase on the table. Jim brought his suitcases upstairs. I’ll take Mary to the station. They treated him kindly.
句子成分及句子种类
主语/宾语/表语/同位从句注意事项: 引导词、语序、语态。
(2)定语从句 引导词的选用取决于:
1)先行词; 2)先行词的修饰语; 3)引导词在定语从句中的成分。 注意:定语从句中的主谓一致;
(3) 状语从句 即用作状语的分句,可作下列状语:
1) 时间 after, before, as, when, while, since, till, until, whenever, as soon as; the moment, every/ each time, next time; no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when
Oh, my god!
感叹词
Come in, Mr Green. 呼语
This , I think, is the best way to help them. 插入语
句 子 种 类
种类 用途 例句
用来说明事物或 陈述句 说话人的看法
疑问句 用来提出问题 用来表示请求、 祈使句 命令 用来表达强烈 感叹句 的感情
(七) 补语
补语用于补充说明其他的句子成分,有 主语补语与宾语补语。
主语补语可以用下面东西来表示: 1.形容词 2.名词 3.动词不定式 4.分词
宾语补语可以用下面东西来表示: 1.名词 2.形容词 3.动词分词 4.动词不定式 5.介词短语或副词
He died young. 他死时很年轻。
She was called Lucy. 她名叫露西。 He was seen to go upstairs. 有人看见他上楼了。
(八) 同位语
同位语指两个或两个以上的词语, 指同一个事物,作为同一个句子成分。 This is my cousin, Helen. 这是我的表妹,海伦。
句子成分与短语结构类型
早上好的句子短语_句子成分与短语结构类型一、句子成分句子成分分为六种:主谓宾定状补主语:说明是谁或什么谓语:说明主语是什么或怎么样宾语:是谓语的支配成分。
举个最简单的例子:我喝水。
“我”是主语,“喝”是谓语,“水”是宾语。
定语:是修饰句子中名词中心语的,在名词中心语前面。
状语:是修饰句子中动词或形容词的,在动词或形容词前面。
补语:是补充说明谓语的,在动词或形容词后面。
举个简单的例子,7班的同学正在上张老师的语文课,同学们听得很认真。
“7班的”“张老师的”就是定语。
“正在”就是状语。
“很认真”就是补语。
此外,划分句子成分还有两个万能公式:公式一:【状语】,(定语)主语‖【状语】谓语中心词+(定语)宾语中心语公式二:【状语】,(定语)主语‖【状语】谓语中心词+(定语)宾语中心语+〈补语〉掌握以上几点,我相信同学们再遇到句子成分之类的判断题,就会迎刃而解了。
二、短语结构类型短语结构类型分为五种:并列、偏正、动宾、后补、主谓短语。
并列短语:词与词之间是并列关系。
主要类型有名+名,动+动,形+形。
词与词中间常用“和、及、又、与、并“等连词。
偏正短语:前词为偏,起修饰作用。
后词为正,是词组的重心。
动宾短语:格式为动词+动词支配的对象。
动词支配的对象为宾语。
后补短语:格式为动词或形容词+起补充作用的成分。
起补充作用的成分是补语。
常有“得“作为标志。
主谓短语:格式为主语+谓语。
即“谁或什么”+“是什么或怎么了”。
掌握以上几点,判断短语结构类型也不是什么太困难的事。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
判断下列句子类型:(a,SVb,SVPc,SVOd,SVoOe,SVOC)
1.She came.
2.She likes English.
3.She is happy.
4.The teacher asked me to read the passage.
5.She bought a book for me.
6.She gave John a book.
7.She makes her mother angry.
8.The sun was shining.
9.The moon rose.
10.They talked for half an hour.
11. The dinner smells good.
12.Everything looks different.
13.He is growing tall and strong.
14.His face turned red.
15.Who knows the answer?
16.He enjoys reading.
17.I want to have a cup of tea.
18.He bought you a dictionary.
19.She ordered herself a new dress.
20.She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:(主语,谓语,宾语,表语,宾语补足语,状语,定语)
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. His job is to train swimmers.
5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
6. His wish is to become a scientist.
7. He wants to finish the work in time.
8. Tom came to ask me for advice(建议).
9. He found it important to master English.
10. Do you have anything else to say?
11. Would you please tell me your address?
12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
13. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
14. He noticed(注意到) a man enter the room.
15. The apples tasted sweet.。