西工大软件项目组织与管理题库Chapter_2
西工大软件项目组织与管理题库Chapter_3
True / False1. Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Project management is an integrative endeavor; decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time usually affect other knowledge areas.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.80LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge2. Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: Initiating processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase.Initiating processes take place during each phase of a project.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p. 81LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge3. Initiating processes are not required to end a project.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Initiating初始化 processes are also required to end a project. Someone mustinitiate activities to ensure that the project team completes all the work, documents lessonslearned, assigns project resources, and that the customer accepts the work.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.81LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge4. The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: The level of activity and length of each process group varies for every project.Normally, executing tasks requires the most resources and time, followed by planning tasks. POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p.82LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge5. Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Initiating and closing tasks are usually the shortest (at the beginning and end of a project or phase, respectively), and they require the least resources and time.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.82LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge6. The executing process group generally requires the most resources.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: The executing process group takes the actions necessary to complete the workdescribed in the planning activities. It should overlap the other process groups, and generallyrequires the most resources.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.84LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge7. Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups.b. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: Monitoring and controlling processes overlap all of the other project management process groups because changes can occur at any time.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.84LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge8. Key outcomes of the executing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Key outcomes of the closing process group are formal acceptance of the work and creation of closing documents, such as a final project report and lessons-learned report. POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p. 84LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.15 - LO: 3-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: TechnologyTOPICS: Project Management Process GroupsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge9. Many project management activities occur as part of the planning process group.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: Because each project is unique, project teams are always trying to do somethingthat has not been done before. To succeed at unique and new activities, projects teams mustdo a fair amount of planning.为了在独特和新的活动中取得成功，项目团队必须做好大量的规划。
软件项目管理习题.doc
软件项目管理习题第一章绪论1.列举你在执行IT相关任务时曾碰到的问题。
试把这些问题按频率和影响大小分别排序。
对每一个问题，考虑是否可以通过某种方法降低发生的可能性。
2.软件工程的三个冃标是什么，以什么衡量是否达到冃标？3.软件工程活动包括哪些？那些活动需要有最终用户的参与？每个过程需要有怎样的文档产出？4.设计包括哪两个阶段，具体任务，干系人有什么区别？5.软件工程的原则有哪些？6.你能说出哪些软件工程模型，他们各自有什么有缺点,适用于怎样的系统？7.有人说“线性模型已经过时了，有着诸多缺点，不需要再了解它。
”你怎么看待这种说法？线性模型和其他模型的关系是怎样的？8.在下列哪一个阶段项日发起人对项目的范围、质量、时间和成本有最大的影响力，为什么？9.项1=1的定义是什么，有什么特点，请给出三个是项日的例子，并给出三个不是项日的例子。
10.软件项目与一般的项目的区別在什么地方11.判断以下活动中哪些是项目，哪些不是项目，并请说明理由。
（1）升级某政府部门的办公自动化系统（2）打字员打印文件（3）报考软件学院软件工程硕士研究生（4）购买家用轿车（5）每天骑千上班12.项忖生命周期包括哪些阶段？哪个阶段具冇最大的不确定性？各个阶段的活动主要冇哪些？13.项目管理的六要素有哪些？相互之间是什么关系。
TQC又指什么？14.怎样衡量项目是否成功？15.项目管理分哪几大知识体系，它们Z间什么关系？16.在选择职员时，应该考虑哪些因索？17.管理者是否应该和小组中更多的普通员T交朋友，并和他们打成一片？18.如果项1=1快结束时，忽然有一个很重要的，但非常耗时的变更，你作为项目经历应该怎么做19.为什么说时间和人员不能交换？试说明其原因。
20.你能列出那些人际关系的矛盾？试阐述可能的解决方法。
第二章需求管理1.软件需求的定义是什么，分别从用户角度，开发者角度，相关文档角度给以阐述2.描述软件需求要做的五项主要事悄指什么。
软件项目管理习题 答案
软件项目管理习题答案软件项目管理习题答案在软件开发领域，项目管理是确保项目成功完成的关键要素之一。
无论是小型还是大型的软件项目，都需要经过有效的项目管理来保证项目的进展和质量。
下面将针对一些常见的软件项目管理习题给出详细的答案，帮助读者更好地理解和应用项目管理的知识。
1. 什么是软件项目管理？软件项目管理是指通过计划、组织、指导和控制软件开发过程，以达到项目目标的一系列活动。
它涵盖了项目的规划、需求分析、设计、编码、测试、交付等各个阶段，以确保项目按时、按质、按量完成。
2. 为什么需要软件项目管理？软件开发是一个复杂的过程，涉及多个团队、多个环节和多个利益相关者。
没有有效的项目管理，项目容易陷入进度延误、成本超支、质量问题等困境。
通过项目管理，可以合理规划资源、控制风险、提高效率，从而保证项目的成功。
3. 软件项目管理的主要步骤有哪些？软件项目管理包括以下主要步骤：- 项目启动：明确项目目标、范围和约束条件，并确定项目的组织结构和角色分工。
- 项目规划：制定详细的项目计划，包括时间计划、资源计划、风险管理计划等。
- 需求分析：明确用户需求，编写需求规格说明书，并与用户进行确认和沟通。
- 设计与开发：根据需求规格说明书进行系统设计和编码，确保软件满足用户需求。
- 测试与交付：进行系统测试，包括单元测试、集成测试和验收测试，最终交付给用户使用。
- 项目收尾：总结项目经验教训，进行项目评估和反馈，并进行项目归档和文档整理。
4. 如何进行项目进度管理？项目进度管理是确保项目按时完成的重要环节。
可以采用以下方法进行项目进度管理：- 制定详细的项目计划，包括任务分解、时间估算和里程碑设置。
- 使用甘特图或网络图等工具，可视化项目进度，及时发现和解决潜在的进度风险。
- 建立项目进度跟踪机制，及时更新任务状态，确保项目进展符合计划。
- 针对进度延误的任务，采取适当的措施，如增加资源、调整优先级等，以保证项目进度的恢复和调整。
西工大软件项目组织与管理题库Quality
Question 200: Customer satisfaction means that customer requirements are met. Meeting customer requirements requires a combination of what two factors?DA: Continuous improvement and prevention over inspectionB: Conformance to requirements and prevention over inspectionC: Continuous improvement and fitness for useD: Conformance一致性 to requirements and fitness for useQuestion 201: You are successful using the FMEA approach to assess implications of quality decisions on your project. Your client asks you what FMEA stands for. What is your answer?DA: Failure model of effective analysisB: Failed measurement and effect analysisC: Failed measurement and effective assuranceD: Failure mode and effect analysisQuestion 202: Modern quality management complements project management very highly, with both disciplines recognizing the importance of all the following characteristics except?DA: Customer satisfactionB: Prevention over inspectionC: Continuous improvementD: Total quality management (TQM)Question 203: Quality is planned, designed, and built into your project instead of being inspected in. What is the main reason that prevention of mistakes in quality is preferred over finding the mistakes via inspection?CA: Because finding defects via inspection should be avoided at all costs.B: Because if you are a good project manager and perform prevention well, you won’t have to deal with inspection.C: Because the cost of preventing mistakes is generally much less than the cost of correcting them when they are found by inspection.D: Because your quality management plan focuses on prevention.Question 204: How would you best describe to your client the difference between precision and accuracy?BA: Precision means the degree to which there is conformance to requirements. Accuracy refers to fitness for use.B: Precision means the values of the repeated measurements are clustered群；簇；丛；串and have little scatter. Accuracy means that the measured value is very close to the true value. C: Precision is the degree to which the project quality assurance processes are being met. Accuracy is the degree to which the product meets customer specifications.D: Precision is the ability to provide information to a six sigma level. Accuracy is the process of ensuring that the six sigma target is met.Question 205: A member of your project team seems confused about the differences between quality approaches to the project and product. How would you best explain these differences?AA: Quality in relation to the project relates to the processes and procedures that run the project. Quality in relation to the product looks at conformance to requirements and fitness of use.B: There is no difference between the two.C: Quality in relation to the project is focused on ensuring the project control and reporting are accurate. Quality in relation to the product ensures that it stays within the upper and lower control limits.D: Quality in relation to the project is focused on the preparation and execution of the quality management plan. Quality in relation to the product is set solely by the customer. Question 206: Your project is behind schedule and you have asked your project team to work longer hours to make up the time so that the customer’s needs are met as planned. As project manager, you should monitor your quality management plan for what reason?AA: Meeting customer requirements by overworking the project team may result in increased employee attrition, errors, or rework.B: The customer requirements and specifications can change rapidly during periods of rework as the customer sees opportunities to make changes.C: Achieving customer needs is not the primary focus of the quality management plan, and you need to make sure your team is working on project quality, not product quality, at these times.D: The overtime cost incurred will take away the project budget assigned to the implementation of the quality management plan.Question 207: Your project team has completed a check of the project and the product you are managing. They discover that although you are meeting the quality requirements, the product is of a low grade. What should you do FIRST?AA: Keep the project running as normal with no changes as a result of this discovery.B: Check the quality management plan on what to do when discovering a low-grade product. C: Immediately stop work to discover the source of the low grade, and proceed to fix it.D: Keep the project run ning so that you don’t lose time, but assign a team member with experience in the area of the product to discover the reason behind the low grade. Question 208: What is the method of modern quality management that relies on continuing small improvements involving everyone from the top management to the lowest-level worker in the organization more most commonly known as?DA: Kampai B: Kanban C: Kawasaki D: KaizenQuestion 209: The PMBOK® Guide process groups of initiating, planning, executing, monitoring, and controlling a project are based on the work of Shewhart and Deming. What is their quality improvement model known as?CA: Six SigmaB: Organizational Project Management Maturity Model(OPM3)C: Plan-do-check-act cycleD: Total quality managementQuestion 210: You are explaining to your project sponsor that the decision made to lower the quality of deliverables on the project to save money will have long-lasting cost impacts beyond the project. The project sponsor does not seem convinced so you refer to the concept of cost of quality to make your point. How would you best describe cost of quality to your sponsor?CA: The total cost of the quality effort throughout the project life cycleB: The amount of money required to complete your project quality management planC: The total cost of all efforts related to quality throughout the product life cycleD: The total cost of implementing a prevention and inspection regimeQuestion 211: The PMBOK® Guide process that is focused on identifying quality requirements and standards for the project and product is known as what?CA: Control QualityB: Cost of QualityC: Plan Quality ManagementD: Perform Quality AssuranceQuestion 212: You are completing the work to identify and document quality requirements and standards for your project. Which of the following would you not use as an input into this process?DA: Requirements documentation B: Stakeholder registerC: Risk registerD: Quality checklistsQuestion 213: When considering the cost of quality on your project you shouldconsider all of the following characteristics except? AA: Destructive破坏的毁灭性的 testing loss.B: Investment in preventing non-conformance to requirements.C: Appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements.D: Failing to meet requirements.Question 214: Which of the following is not an example of a cost of conformance顺应一致?DA: TestingB: EquipmentC: TrainingD: ReworkQuestion 215: You and your team are checking data that has been gathered and presented in a control chart to determine if the product you are producing is meeting the required quality objectives. What is your main objective in completing this work and representing it in this way?DA: To measure if the cost of quality is providing the forecast cost benefit analysis.B: To determine if your quality management plan is achieving the objectives.C: To measure if your product is meeting the goal of fitness for use.D: To determine if a process is stable or has predictable performance.Question 216: Control limits for the production rates for the machines your project is building are set at 3 and 9, with a mean value of 6 units per hour. The results this week are as follows: 4, 7, 10, 5, and 6. What should you do first?AA: Investigate the third result.B: Continue working.C: Investigate the tenth result.D: Investigate the first result.Question 217: You have received the results of statistical sampling performed on the product of your project. The control chart shows nine data points in a row just under the mean. What should you do first?BA: Change the control limits and the mean so the process is under control.B: Find an assignable or special cause using an Ishikawa diagram.C: Nothing. If the data points are not outside the controllimits, then the process is in control.D: Fire the quality assurance team.Question 218: Upper and lower control limits on a control chart are generally set athow many standard deviations above and below the acceptable mean? CA: 1 standard deviationB: 2 standard deviationsC: 3 standard deviationsD: 6 standard deviationsQuestion 219: Your project data, as shown on the control chart, indicates the latest seven consecutive points are above the mean but within the upper control limit. What is your BEST course of action?CA: Stop work immediately and investigate the root cause of the problem.B: Do nothing because the data clearly indicates that the process is above the lower specification limit.C: Initiate corrective action in accordance with your quality management plan.D: Lower the lower control limit so that the data is now above the limit.Question 220: Your project is generating useful data for your control chart. The latest data indicates that the process of manufacturing the product has produced units below the lower control limit but above the lower specification limit. What is your BEST course of action?A A: Initiate corrective action in accordance with your quality management plan.B: Do nothing because the data clearly indicates that the process is above the lower specification limit.C: Stop work immediately and investigate the root cause of the problem.D: Lower the lower control limit so that the data is now above the limit.Question 221: While working on the project to assess and measure quality, you are determining the number and type of tests and their impact on cost of quality. What technique are you using?AA: Design of experiments B: Analogous estimating C: Benchmarking D: Cost of qualityQuestion 222: You are comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable projects to identify best practices and generate ideas for improvement for your project. What quality technique are you using?DA: Cost of qualityB: Analogous estimatingC: Design of experimentsD: BenchmarkingQuestion 223: A quality technique that chooses only a part of a population of interest for studying, and is often used to reduce cost, is called what?CA: InspectionB: FlowchartingC: Statistical samplingD: Budget control chartQuestion 224: Your project team is working on a software project with over two million lines of code and has just randomly selected a number of lines of code for inspection. What quality technique are they using?CA: BenchmarkingB: Design of experimentsC: Statistical samplingD: Random inspectionQuestion 225: During a project to deliver a complex set of requirements for a wide range of stakeholders, you and your team have placed a great deal of importance on the quality of the project. You have decided to use a wide variety of tools and techniques to help you achieve the desired quality standards. Which of the following is not an example of a quality planning tool that you would find useful in this endeavor?DA: Affinity diagramB: Force field diagramC: Matrix diagramD: Quality checklistQuestion 226: While completing work associated with ensuring quality in a project, it is important that you know the difference between several different quality related terms. Several of your team members regularly get confused about the difference between the different terms, particularly understanding exactly what a quality metric is. To demonstrate to your team the difference, you point out that one of the following is not a quality metric. Which one do you point out?DA: Failure rateB: Budget controlC: Defect frequencyD: Upper control limitQuestion 227: You have completed the work to plan and document your particular approach to quality on your project. Which of the following is not an output you would expect to produce as a result of this work?BA: Quality metricsB: FlowchartingC: Process improvement planD: Quality management planQuestion 228: The process of continuous process improvements to reduce waste and eliminate activities that do not add value to a project is known as what?DA: Progressive elaborationB: Plan quality managementC: Control qualityD: Perform quality assurance担保Question 229: You are using your quality management plan to guide the work being done to ensure that project quality assurance expectations are being met. Which of the following would not be a useful input to you?BA: Process improvement planB: Quality audits审计C: Quality metricsD: Quality control measurementsQuestion 230: A project administrator has asked for guidance on completing a project audit as per the approved quality management plan for your project. They are seeking your guidance on what exactly a quality audit is. How is a quality audit best defined?BA: A structured, independent review to determine whether product specifications comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.B: A structured, independent review to determine whether project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes, and procedures.C: An examination of the product specifications to test whether they are fit for use and conform to requirements.D: A review of the project management plan to ensure it contains the appropriate quality management plan.Question 231: You are completing the work to ensure the required quality assurance levels are met on your project. Which of the following is an output of this work?CA: Quality audits B: Quality metrics C: Change requests D: Process analysisQuestion 232: What is the process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes known as?B A: Perform quality assurance B: Control qualityC: Plan quality management D: Statistical samplingQuestion 233: During a workshop to define quality control processes on your project, you sense that team members are confused abut the difference between prevention and inspection. What is the BEST description of the difference between prevention and inspection?AA: Prevention is focused on keeping errors out of the process. Inspection is focused on keeping errors out of the hands of the customer.面向开发过程和面向产品、用户B: Prevention is concerned with the implementation of the quality process at the start of the project. Inspection is done once the project is underway.C: Prevention is the systematic adoption of rigorous quality standards during the planning phase. Inspection is carried out during the monitoring and control process group.D: Prevention is focused on the quality of the project. Inspection is focused on the quality of the product.Question 234: What is the BEST description of the difference between tolerances and control limits?CA: Tolerances are concerned with project quality. Control limits are concerned with product quality.B: Tolerances can indicate if the process is out of control. Control limits specify a range of acceptable results.C: Tolerances are a specified range of acceptable results. Control limits are thresholds临界值 that can indicate if the process is out of control.D: Tolerances are concerned with product quality. Control limits are concerned with project quality.Question 235: All of the following are an example of one of Ishikawa’s seven tools of quality except?BA: FlowchartingB: InspectionC: Run chartD: Control chartsQuestion 236: You are the project manager for a project where quality is an important constraint, and you are trying to correct a problem with a machine that makes parts that are used in complex medical imaging equipment. As a result of carrying our your Control Quality process, you discover that unfortunately these parts are frequently made with defects. YouB: Cause and effect diagramC: Pareto diagramD: Scatter diagramare you using?AA: Ishikawa diagramB: Control chartC: Pareto chartD: Run chartQuestion 238: The quality manager on your project wishes to analyze the data that is being received in the form of a list of defects that have occurred in the manufacturing department.The report comes with defects listed chronologically as they occurred, the cost of the repair necessary to correct each defect, the person involved, and a description of the defect. The quality manager would like to determine which of the defects should be corrected first according to the frequency of the defect occurring. Which of the following tools should she use?AA: Pareto diagramB: Sampling inspectionC: Cause and effect diagramD: Quality critical pathQuestion 239: You are explaining to your project team the ranking of causes for defects on your project to enable them to focus their corrective actions on those causes that are responsible for the greatest defects. What sort of diagram would you use for this?AA: Pareto chartB: Scatter diagramC: Control chartD: HistogramQuestion 240: While performing quality control inspections, you note down relevant data and use a vertical bar chart to show how often a particular variable state occurred. What is this sort of bar chart more commonly called?AA: HistogramB: Pareto chartC: Control chartD: Scatter diagramQuestion 241: While performing quality control inspections, you note down relevant data and use a chart similar to a control chart without displayed limits, which shows the history and pattern of a variation. What sort of chart are you using?DA: Fishbone diagramB: Control chartsC: Pareto chartD: Run chartQuestion 242: A visual presentation of quality data gathered showing the relationship between a dependent and independent variable is known as what?DA: Run chartB: Pareto chartC: Control chartD: Scatter diagramQuestion 243: Your team members have completed work to perform quality control on the project. Which of the following outputs would you not expect them to produce as a result of doing this work?AA: Quality metrics 是requirement那边的输出B: Validated changesC: Change requestsD: Quality control measurementsQuestion 244: You and your team are working hard to produce a quality wireless headphone product capable of high-quality audio transmission. You are discussing an approach with your Quality Assurance Team Leader that will aim to reduce the variation the team is experiencing with the prototype原型 headsets being produced. What technique are you discussing?AA: Six SigmaB: LeanC: ScrumD: KanbanQuestion 245: If a process is considered to have only 3.4 defects per million opportunities, which sigma class is this defined as?CA: Two SigmaB: Three SigmaC: Six SigmaD: Twelve SigmaQuestion 246: The terms Yellow Belt, Green Belt, and Black Belt are terms given to individuals that practice which methodology? BA: Rapid Application DevelopmentB: Six SigmaC: ScrumD: KanbanQuestion 247: You have been asked by senior management to focus on eliminating消除 any bottlenecks瓶颈that exist in your project’s processes. What methodology will be most effective in highlighting bottlenecks?DA: Prince2B: MPMMC: LeanD: KanbanQuestion 248: Your Quality Assurance Manager has requested that you assist her in mapping the value stream for the assembly of a new combustion engine. Value stream mapping is part of which methodology?CA: WaterfallB: ScrumC: Lean精益D: Kaizen。
大学_软件工程第二部分(软件项目管理)复习试题及答案
软件工程第二部分（软件项目管理）复习试题及答案软件工程第二部分(软件项目管理)复习试题及答案(一)一单项选择1、软件生命周期一般包括：软件开发期和软件运行期，下述(D )不是软件开发期所应包含的内容。
A需求分析 B 结构设计 C程序编制 D软件维护2、软件是一种逻辑产品，它的开发主要是(A )。
A研制 B拷贝 C再生产 D复制3、以文档作为驱动，适合于软件需求很明确的软件项目的生存周期模型是( C )。
A喷泉模型 B 增量模型 C瀑布模型 D螺旋模型4、在软件生存周期中，( B )阶段必须要回答的问题是“要解决的问题是做什么?”。
A详细设计 B 可行性分析和项目开发计划 C概要设计 D软件测试5、软件产品与物质产品有很大区别，软件产品是一种(C )产品A有形 B 消耗 C逻辑 D文档6、 ( C )把瀑布模型和专家系统结合在一起，在开发的各个阶段上都利用相应的专家系统来帮助软件人员完成开发工作。
A 原型模型B 螺旋模型C 基于知识的智能模型D 喷泉模型7、 ( B )阶段是为每个模块完成的功能进行具体的描述，要把功能描述转变为精确的、结构化的过程描述。
A概要设计 B 详细设计 C 编码 D 测试8、下列软件开发模型中，适合于那些不能预先确切定义需求的软件系统的开发的模型是( A )。
A 原型模型B 瀑布模型C 基于知识的智能模型D 变换模型9、下列软件开发模型中，以面向对象的软件开发方法为基础，以用户的需求为动力，以对象来驱动的模型是( C )。
A 原型模型B 瀑布模型C 喷泉模型D 螺旋模型10、下列软件开发模型中，支持需求不明确，特别是大型软件系统的开发，并支持多种软件开发方法的模型是( D )。
A 原型模型B 瀑布模型C 喷泉模型D 螺旋模型11、软件特性中，使软件在不同的系统约束条件下，使用户需求得到满足的难易程度称为( C )。
A可修改性 B可靠性 C可适应性 D 可重用性12、软件特性中，一个软件能再次用于其他相关应用的程度称为( B )。
西工大软件项目组织与管理题库Communication
Question 279: It is commonly acknowledged that one of the most important sets of skills a project manager should develop is their communication skills. All of the following are examples of communication skills except?AA: Reviewing the work breakdown structure to ensure team members know what has to be done.B: Setting and managing expectations.C: Persuading a person or organization to perform an action.D: Listening actively and effectively.Question 280: Your project is experiencing a range of variations that require one of the contracts you are using to engage an external vendor to be amended. What sort of communication is most appropriate when dealing with changes to a contract?BA: Informal written B: Formal written C: Formal verbal D: ElectronicQuestion 281: After conducting your stakeholder analysis, you determine that there are, excluding you, 7 stakeholders on the project. How many communication channels are there?CA:7 B: 21 C:28 D: 35 n(n-1)/2=8*7/2=28Question 282: There are 12 stakeholders including yourself on the project, so how many communication channels are there?A 12*11/2=66A: 66 B: 144 C:78 D: 12Question 283: All of the following are factors that influence the method of communication disbursement between team members except?CA: Availability of technologyB: Duration of the projectC: Local government regulationsD: Urgency of the need for informationQuestion 284: You are leading a team on a complex project that requires constant communication with influential stakeholders. Despite your best efforts, the message that you send to the stakeholders is disrupted and misunderstood. Communication between the sender and the receiver is often affected by communication barriers or noise. These include all of the following except?CA: Educational differencesB: Differences in motivationC: Lack of a communications deviceD: Cultural differencesQuestion 285: You are having difficulty concentrating on what a stakeholder is saying during a business meeting and you feel you are not fully understanding them. What technique could help you to understand them better?AA: Repeat the message back to the stakeholder.B: Ask them to write everything down.C: Ask to postpone the meeting until you feel better.D: Ask them to speak slower.Question 286: Your project team is scattered over three countries in three different time zones. Each project office has a different language as its first language, so to improve communication you have asked that all correspondence be conducted in English. In doing this, what are you trying to minimize in your team’s communication?CA: Environmental constraintsB: Cultural differencesC: NoiseD: Foreign accentsQuestion 287: The skill of listening involves more than just hearing the sounds. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good listener?BA: Takes good notes.B: Repeats some of the things said.C: Finishes the speaker’s sentences.D: Agrees with the speaker.Question 288: You are in the process of sending out your weekly project update to a wide range of stakeholders. This is an example of what sort of communication method?DA: Stakeholder management strategyB: Pull communicationC: Interactive communicationD: Push communicationQuestion 289: You are using your intranet site to post large amounts of information that team members can log into to read. This is an example of what sort of communication method?DA: Encoding and decodingB: Push communicationC: Interactive communicationD: Pull communicationQuestion 290: Your project team has spent a considerable amount of time and energy completing the stakeholder analysis and putting together the communications management plan but is now disagreeing what, how, and when different communication methods are to be used. Who should take responsibility for determining this?DA: Stakeholder representativeB: Project teamC: Project sponsorD: Project managerQuestion 291: You are regularly referring to your communications management plan to help guide your project communications. Which of the following would you not expect to find in your communications management plan?BA: The person responsible for authorizing the release of confidential informationB: Team me mbers’ addresses and phone numbersC: Glossary of common terminologyD: Stakeholder communication requirementsQuestion 292: As part of your project, you regularly hold status meetings with project team members and influential stakeholders. You endeavor at all times to ensure that these meetings are productive and contribute to successful communication on the project. All of the following are techniques to ensure your project meetings are more productive except?A A: TeleconferencingB: Ground rulesC: A set start and finish time for the meetingD: An agendaQuestion 293: While carrying out the work described in your project communications plan, you go to great lengths to ensure that relevant information is disseminated to the correct stakeholders in the right way at the right time. As a senior project manager, you know that effective information distribution is a key factor in project success. This is because effective information distribution includes all of the following techniques except?CA: Writing styleB: Presentation techniquesC: Issue logD: Choice of mediaQuestion 294: You have decided to study for the PMP® credential and are currently learning the way in which the project life cycle can be described in terms of process groups associated with initiating, planning, executing, monitoring and controlling,and closing activities. You then move on to studying the ways in which successful communication occurs in a project. In order to demonstrate how much you have learned, you are able to describe to a colleague how some aspect of project communication occurs in different process groups. The Manage Communications process occurs within which PMBOK® Guide process group?CA: InitiatingB: PlanningC: ExecutingD: Monitoring and ControllingQuestion 295: You and your project team have been in negotiations with a potential supplier for several hours over an important contract that will deliver a large part of the one product required to complete your project. You and your team are getting frustrated at the slow rate of progress on the negotiations but know it is important that they are done thoroughly. How important is non-verbal communication to the negotiations?AA: Very importantB: Not very importantC: Only important when the other party is silentD: Only important during negotiations over costQuestion 296: You have called a team member into your office to deal with unacceptable behavior towards other project team members. After the meeting you decide to follow up to make clear what was discussed. What is the best form of communication to use in this instance?AA: Formal written B: Formal verbal C: Informal written D: Informal verbalQuestion 297: Your project sponsor has asked you to present a detailed project update to some high-level stakeholders who are concerned that the project is not meeting its agreed timeframes, its agreed budget, nor delivering the quality the customer is expecting. What information and method would be BEST to use in this situation?DA: A verbal presentation during a 10-minute meetingB: A summary milestone report tabled as an agenda item at their next scheduled meeting C: A PowerPoint presentation outlining the major issues, given in your officeD: A detailed performance report in writing with an accompanying presentation and time for questions and answersQuestion 298: You are attempting to communicate with various project stakeholders and, despite your best efforts, you find that the information that you send to them is misunderstood. Cultural differences and using unfamiliar technology are the main problems contributing to this lack of understanding. What is the best term to describe these characteristics? CA: DecodingB: FeedbackC: NoiseD: TransmissionQuestion 299: You are actively monitoring and controlling the project communications according to your approved communications management plan and are seeking to generate work performance information about the effectiveness of your project communications. Which of the following would be least useful to you?DA: Project communicationsB: Issue logC: Work performance dataD: Change requestsQuestion 300: You are using historical data about your project to forecast an estimated future outcome in your project performance reporting. This is an example of what forecasting method?DA: Budget forecastsB: Judgmental methodsC: Econometric methodD: Time series methodsQuestion 301: Your project team has just finished the first round of soliciting information from experts about what they think the forecasted future performance on your project will be using information supplied to them. You are currently assessing the information suppliedanonymously by the respondents and plan to request a second round of opinions to use in your project forecasts. What forecasting method are you using?AA: Judgmental methodB: Causal methodC: Earned valueD: Econometric methodQuestion 302: Which of the following would you not expect to see in a detailed project performance report?BA: Current status of risks and issuesB: Staff performance reviewsC: Forecasted project completionD: Summary of changes approved in the periodQuestion 303: Several of your stakeholders are raising issues with you, and you are documenting their issues in an issue log and providing feedback to the stakeholders about the status and any resolution of the issues. Furthermore, you are using the issue log as an input into a process because it provides a repository for what has already happened in the project and a platform for subsequent communication to be delivered. Which process are you involved in?AA: Control CommunicationsB: Manage CommunicationsC: Plan Communications ManagementD: Monitor and Control Project WorkQuestion 304: A project manager should spend approximately how much of their time communicating to team members and stakeholders to effectively contribute to project success?CA: 50% B: 5% C: 90% D: 70%Question 305: Which of the following has been identified as one of the single biggest reasons for project success or failure?CA: Enterprise environmental factorsB: Financial accountability and accuracyC: Appropriate communicationD: The nature of the working relationship between project sponsor and the project manager Question 306: There are 36 communications channels on a project. How many stakeholders are there in the project?DA:6 B: 36 C:18 D:9。
软件项目管理习题答案
软件项目管理习题第1章项目管理1.给出项目旳定义。
项目是一种特定旳、待完毕旳优先任务，是在一定旳时间内，运用有限旳经费，满足一系列特定目旳旳多项有关工作旳总称。
2.列举项目旳属性。
唯一性、一次性、多目旳属性、生命周期属性、互相依赖性、冲突属性。
3.给出项目旳五个构成要素。
项目旳范围、项目旳组织、项目旳费用、项目旳质量、项目旳进度。
4.项目旳生命周期可以分为哪四个阶段？概念阶段、开发阶段、实行阶段、收尾阶段。
第2章软件项目管理知识范围1.从软件项目管理旳角度看，软件生存周期包括哪些阶段，每个阶段旳工作成果是什么？软件计划→需求分析→软件设计→软件编码→软件测试→软件实行→软件维护计划任务书、需求规格阐明书、设计阐明书、程序/文档清单、测试汇报、顾客汇报2.从软件项目旳观点看，软件生存周期旳第1阶段是什么？其工作成果是什么？第一阶段是软件计划，工作成果是计划任务书。
3.软件项目管理旳角色（开发方）有哪些？项目经理、系统分析员、系统设计人员、程序员、测试员、实行人员、系统管理员4.论述与老式旳部门管理相比，项目管理有哪些基本特点？P30一、至少两家单位或两个组织协同工作是软件项目管理旳组织特点。
二、首先要成立项目管理委员会，并根据项目开展旳详细需要设置多种小组。
三、项目管理委员会是企业软件项目管理旳最高决策机构。
四、在项目开展过程中，组织构造会有合适变化。
第3章软件项目全生命周期旳阶段划分1.软件项目生命周期模型中，将任务分为哪些阶段？最重要旳哪个阶段，其任务是什么？整个软件开发活动可划分为四个重要工作阶段：立项、设计、实现及收尾。
最重要旳阶段是设计。
系统设计阶段重要完毕系统旳总体设计、详细设计、边界设计、信息模型设计、过程设计，功能设计以及软硬件环境旳搭建与准备等工作。
2.软件项目中，软件系统设计做什么？软件系统实现做什么？软件收尾阶段做什么？P49-51 软件系统设计包括需求分析和系统设计两方面旳工作。
软件项目管理试题及答案
软件项目管理试题及答案作为软件项目管理的重要组成部分，试题的出现有助于评估个人对软件项目管理概念和实践的理解程度。
下面将为大家提供一些软件项目管理的试题及其详细答案，希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握软件项目管理的知识。
试题一：什么是软件项目管理？软件项目管理的目标是什么？答案：软件项目管理是指通过规划、组织、协调、控制和监督的方法，对软件项目进行全面管理的过程。
软件项目管理的目标是确保软件项目能够按时、按质、按量地完成，同时最大限度地满足用户需求。
试题二：简要描述软件项目管理过程中的关键活动。
答案：软件项目管理过程中的关键活动包括：项目启动、需求分析、项目规划、项目执行、项目控制以及项目收尾。
项目启动阶段主要确定项目目标和项目范围；需求分析阶段主要确定用户需求和功能需求；项目规划阶段主要制定项目计划和项目进度；项目执行阶段主要实施项目计划，并进行项目团队管理；项目控制阶段主要监督和控制项目进度、成本和质量；项目收尾阶段主要进行项目交付和总结经验。
试题三：请简要介绍一下敏捷项目管理方法。
答案：敏捷项目管理方法是一种适应需求变化、注重实效和团队合作的项目管理方法。
它强调通过迭代和增量的方式进行软件开发，每个迭代周期都能交付可用的软件产品。
敏捷项目管理方法注重团队合作、迭代开发、面对面沟通和持续反馈，通过这些方式实现项目的高效管理。
试题四：在软件项目管理中，项目风险管理是什么？请简要介绍风险管理的基本步骤。
答案：项目风险管理是指通过识别、分析、评估和应对项目中可能出现的风险，从而最大限度地降低风险对项目的影响。
风险管理的基本步骤包括：风险识别，即通过各种方法和工具识别潜在风险；风险分析，即对潜在风险进行定性和定量分析；风险评估，即评估风险的严重性和可能性，并确定其优先级；风险应对，即制定相应的风险应对策略，包括风险规避、风险转移、风险减轻和风险接受等。
试题五：在软件项目管理中，项目沟通管理的意义是什么？请列举一些常用的沟通工具。
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True / False1. Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Even though projects are temporary and intended to provide a unique product orservice, you cannot run projects in isolation. If project managers lead projects in isolation, itis unlikely that they will ever truly serve the needs of the organization.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p.45LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.9 - LO: 2-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: A Systems View of Project ManagementKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension2. Using a systems approach is critical to successful project management.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p. 45LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.9 - LO: 2-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: A Systems View of Project ManagementKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension3. Systems analysis addresses the business, technological, and organizational issues associated with creating, maintaining, and modifying a system.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: Systems management addresses the business, technological, and organizationalissues associated with creating, maintaining,and modifying a system.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p. 45LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.9 - LO: 2-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: A Systems View of Project ManagementKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge4. Project managers and their teams must keep in mind the effects of any project on the interests and needs of the entiresystem or organization instead of focusing on the immediate concerns of the project.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: Although it is easier to focus on the immediate and sometimes narrow concerns ofa particular project, project managers and other staff must keep in mind the effects of anyproject on the interests and needs of the entire system or organization.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.46LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.9 - LO: 2-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: A Systems View of Project ManagementKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension5. When you separate business and organizational issues from project management planning, you do a better job of ensuring project success.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: When you integrate business and organizational issues into project managementplanning and look at projects as a series of interrelated相关的 phases, you do a better job ofensuring project success.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p.47LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.9 - LO: 2-1NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: A Systems View of Project ManagementKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Comprehension6. According to the symbolic frame, the most important aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what it means.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: The symbolic frame focuses on symbols and meanings. In this frame, the mostimportant aspect of any event in an organization is not what actually happened, but what itmeans.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.48LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.10 - LO: 2-2NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: Understanding OrganizationsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge7. Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TruePOINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.49LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.10 - LO: 2-2NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: Understanding OrganizationsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge8. An organization that uses a project organizational structure earns their revenue primarily from performing projects for other groups under contract.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: A project organizational structure is hierarchical, but instead of functionalmanagers or vice presidents reporting to the CEO, program managers report to the CEO.Their staffs have a variety of skills needed to complete the projects within their programs. Anorganization that uses this structure earns its revenue primarily from performing projects forother groups under contract.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: ModerateREFERENCES: p.50LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.10 - LO: 2-2NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: Understanding OrganizationsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge9. Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: TrueRATIONALE: Feedback: Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.POINTS: 1DIFFICULTY: Difficulty: EasyREFERENCES: p. 50LEARNING OBJECTIVES: I NFO.SCHW.14.10 - LO: 2-2NATIONAL STANDARDS: United States - BUSPROG: AnalyticTOPICS: Understanding OrganizationsKEYWORDS: Bloom's: Knowledge10. The project organizational structure is the most efficient choice for most IT projects.a. T rueb. F alseANSWER: FalseRATIONALE: Feedback: The project organizational structure is often inefficient for the company as awhole. Assigning full-time staff to a project often creates under-utilization and misallocationof staff resources.项目组织结构对整个公司而言通常效率不高。