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How To Make Speeches: Effective Speaking and Presentation SkillsPreparing a speechSome people would prefer to dive over a cliff than make a speech. They conjure up all kinds of nightmare scenarios as a result of their stage fright: What if I freeze? What if the audience hates me on sight? What if no one laughs except in places they shouldn't? Will everyone remember the mistakes I make for the rest of my life?And yet, by learning a few public speaking strategies and techniques used by professional speakers -- who are very often the most scared of all -- you can not only conquer your nerves and your fear, you can also make a powerful impression and within seconds, actually start to enjoy the whole experience. Use these tips to help you fight off your speech anxiety.First, check how you look. Dress appropriately, and be well groomed, so you feel comfortable and smart. Dressing professionally also helps the audience feel you've taken trouble for them and that they are respected. But make sure you don't go too far and unintentionally distract them, for example, with a man's flashy tie or a woman's low neckline.Opening nerves. Here are some techniques that will help you feel more comfortable and relaxed when you start.1.Before you go on, chat to people in your audience. It will help create awarmer, more friendly atmosphere.2.As you're waiting to be announced, repeat your opening sentence threeor four times to distract you from your nervousness and to give you theconfidence of a sure start.3.To help relax from head to toe, take three deep slow breaths- inthrough nose - out through mouth with your hand on your stomach as itexpands and contracts.4.When starting, pause for 1-2 seconds to establish yourself.5.Stand upright and relaxed.6.Pleasantly acknowledge a friendly face nearby.7.Smile.Smiling shows warmth for the audience and is rarelymisinterpreted.Contact.1.Make eye contact with the audience, momentarily from one to anotheras a way of showing interest in them.2.Engage with animated listeners - but not too much.3.Scan the audience, and don't miss anyone, anywhere, ever.4.Occasionally start a sentence looking at one section of the audienceand finish looking at another section.5.Too shy to look straight at individuals? Until your confidence grows,try looking at the spaces between them.Public Speaking Tips and Techniques.1.Recall how you talk to your mother, girlfriend or boyfriend, chieffinancial officer or boss. It's usually different for each. So imagine thatsomeone who loves and appreciates you is listening. Start out byimagining you're talking to them.2.Successful public speakers project energy and conviction. They have toif they are to hold their audience from start to finish. They also knowthat if they stop concentrating on the words and the thread of theirspeech, so will the audience.3.Believe what you say and deliver it with conviction and passion. Theaudience will sense if you're not sincere.Delivery. These suggestions may feel unnatural when you first try them, but you can see how effective speaking skills involve the delivery by listening to the phrasing of top presenters on TV and radio. Notice how they:1.Emphasize key words in every sentence. So when you go through yourspeech, you will find it useful to underline a number of verbs andadjectives in each of your sentences to remind you to give them extra‘p unch.'2.Don't allow their voices to go down at the end of sentences. Everyword has to be heard in full, otherwise why's it there?Pace&Pause. There are two integral elements in every speech that you can use to your advantage: pace and pause.Pace:1.Don't rush, particularly when you start.2.Speak fast enough to keep people from becoming bored andslow enough for people to absorb fully what you're saying.3.Slow down to emphasize and reinforce your key ideas.4.Vary your pace to inject excitement or gravity.5.To add color to your speech, change the pace and rhythm ofyour delivery between topics/paragraphs.Pause:1.Pause to set up an important point.2.After that important point, pause to add emphasis.3.Pause to allow the point to sink in.4.Don't pause for too long or you could appear pompous. •Body Language.Keep your gestures natural and comfortable. Rehearsal and practice help make them so. If you are speaking with real conviction, your gestures will be real.Many professional speakers and many actors too are taught the following arm positions that you may find useful.•Polishing a presentation and avoiding errors.You may find it useful to rehearse your presentation in front of a full-length mirror. It will not only help you perfect your delivery it will also help you avoid a whole raft of common mistakes. For example, it will help ensure that you:•Don't drop your head when reading speech (many speakers type their speech only on the top half of pages).•Don't turn your back on audience.•Don't play with a pen or pointer.•Don't grip table or lectern.•Don't bend towards microphone (adjust its height).•Don't lean towards your notes.•Don't stare fixedly at notes or visual aids.•Don't fidget: Touch face, tie, lapel, etc.•And when it's all over . . .smile. (Unless the occasion's not appropriate....) It tells the audience that you've done your best, that you've enjoyed your talk and are confident they've enjoyed it too, that they're a great audience who've responded well. All that from just a smile? Sure, but it's what's behind the smile (learning and using the above) that's the real secret.These public speaking and presentation skills should help you when you make speeches to give the best performance.。