非谓语动词讲解(三)------分词
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法区别
非谓语动词的三种形式及用法区别一、非谓语动词的三种形式：1. 动词-ing形式：动词-ing形式具有动名词的功能，一般用来表示一个正在进行或发生的动作，以及被动含义，等。
比如：He was observed walking along the street. 他被观察到沿着街道走。
2. 动词不定式形式：动词不定式具有名词、形容词和动词的功能，常用来表示目的、动机、结果、条件、时间、让步等。
比如：To face the danger bravely is his duty. 勇敢的去面对危险是他的责任。
3. 动词的过去分词形式：动词的过去分词常用来表示完成或发生过的动作或状态，以及主句的谓语动词的被动的形式，常用结构有：Be + done/past participle (被动），Have/Get + done（完成）.比如：The machine is now ready to be used. 这台机器现在准备好被使用了。
二、非谓语动词的用法区别：1. 动词-ing形式：(1) 用作定语：形容词性短语作定语修饰名词或代词，如：He was aman working hard. 他是个努力工作的人。
(2) 用作表语：Ing 形式的短语作表语，表示一个正在进行的动作或状态，如：His job is repairing the machine. 他的工作是修理机器。
2. 动词不定式形式：(1) 作宾补：动词不定式作宾补表示“目的”，“动机”，“结果”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：He came here to do something for us. 他来这里为我们做一些事情。
(2) 作状语：动词不定式作状语，表示“目的”，“动机”，“条件”，“时间”，“让步”等。
如：She always goes out for a walk to relax herself. 她总是出去散步来放松自己。
2023年人教版英语九年级中考复习语法之非谓语动词(动名词、分词)讲义
人教版英语九年级复习之非谓语动词（动名词、分词）非谓语动词是指在句中充当除谓语以外的其他句子成分的动词形式，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语等，在句中起名词、形容词、副词的作用。
非谓语动词包含三种形式：动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。
考点一：动名词动名词，即动词-ing形式动词的-ing形式由“动词原形+-ing”构成，其否定形式为“not+动词的-ing形式”。
动词的-ing形式在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、宾语补足语等。
1、作主语动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数，大多数情况下可以和不定式互换Watching TV too much is a waste of time. = To watch TV too much is a waste of time.看电视太久是在浪费时间。
典型例题：1._________ an English club ______ a good way to improve English.A.Joining; isB. Join; areC. To join; isD. Joins; are2. ________ lots of vegetables ________ good for our health.A. Eating; isB. Eat; areC. To eat; isD. Eats; are参考答案：1.A 2. A2、作宾语。
(1).在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后跟动词-ing形式作宾语的词语有dislike, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, suggest, give up, put off, keep on, be busy, have fun, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be \get used to, look forward to, feel like, thanks for等。
非谓语中分词的用法总结
非谓语中分词的用法总结一、非谓语中分词的定义及基本用法分词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，可以起到形容词或副词的作用，并且可以独立地修饰名词或代词。
在句子中，非谓语中分词通常放在名词之前或者句子之后，扮演着比较重要的角色。
本文将总结非谓语中分词的基本用法，帮助读者进一步理解和运用。
二、现在分词（-ing形式）的用法1. 表示进行或正在进行的动作例：She was reading a book when I saw her.这个例子中，“reading”表示正在进行的动作。
2. 做定语修饰名词或代词例：The running boy is very fast.这个例子中，“running”修饰boy，起到形容词的作用。
3. 表示原因、时间、条件等例：Being exhausted, he decided to take a nap.这个例子中，“Being exhausted”表示原因。
4. 作为介宾关系的一部分例：I remember seeing him at the party.这个例子中，“seeing him”是一个介宾短语，表示我记得在派对上见过他。
三、过去分词（-ed形式）的用法1. 表示被动意义例：The window was broken by a stray ball.这个例子中，“broken”表示被动的意义。
2. 做定语修饰名词或代词例：I have lost my keys.这个例子中，“lost”修饰keys，起到形容词的作用。
3. 表示完成或完成的结果例：The report has been submitted.这个例子中，“submitted”表示完成了某个动作。
4. 作为介宾关系的一部分例：We had a lot of fun playing games at the party.这个例子中，“playing games”是一个介宾短语，表示我们在派对上玩游戏时度过了很多乐趣。
非谓语动词-分词
4. Being used by me now, the bike can’t be lent to you.
(由于)正在被我使用， 这辆自行车不能借给你。
Being struck by the heavy storm, they felt helpless. (因为)正被猛烈的暴风雨袭击，他们感到很无助。
Ⅱ 分词的用法
一.作表语
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态
The window is broken. 窗户破了。 The train is crowded. 火车很拥挤。 She is excited. 她很激动。
2. 现在分词表示主语的特征或属性，通常物作主语， “令人...”
过去分词表示主语的状态，通常人作主语， “感到...”
a drowning man 快要淹死的 a drowned man 已经淹死的
falling leaves fallen leaves
正在飘落的树叶 落叶
2. 分词作后置定语
分词 doing
分词和被修饰的名词 的主被关系
主动关系
being done
被动关系
分词在时间上的意义
表示正在进行或 习惯性动作
完成式
(not ) having (not ) having been
done
done
过去分词: 一般只有一种形式：done
Ⅰ 分词的时态和语态
一. 现在分词的时态变化：
1) 现在分词的一般式：
表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或几乎同 时发生。
当(他)正在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。
Walking along the street, he found a pen. (同时发生 )
非谓语动词用法详解 动词的非谓语形式有三种
非谓语动词用法详解动词的非谓语形式有三种:不定式、动名词和分词(一)不定式不定式由“ to十动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“ not to do”.不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化.不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语.不定式的逻辑主语有时用“ for十名词或代词宾格”构成. 1.不定式的用法: l)作主语.不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语.例如: To se e is to believe. It is right to give up smoking. 2)作宾语.不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语。
往往把不定式宾语放在宾语补足语之后，而用it作形式宾语.例如: He wanted to go. I find it interesting to study work with him. 3)作宾语补足语.例如: He asked me to do the work with him. 注意:在feel，hear，listen to，look at，notice, observe，see，watch，have, let，make等词后的补足语中，不定式不带to.但是这些句子如果变成被动结构时，就必须带to.例如I often hear him sing the song. He is often heard to sing the song. 注意:不定式动词在介词but，except，besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么，这些介词后的不定式不带to，否则要带to.如: She could do nothing but cry. What do you like to do besides swim? I have n o choice but to go. 4)作定语.例如: I have some books for you to read. 注①作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词.例如: He is looking for a room to live in. There is nothin g to worry about. Please give me a knife to cut with. 但是，不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去.例如: He had no money and no place to live. 注②当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同.试比较: A) Have you an ything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗? (不定式to send的动作执行者是you) B) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗? (不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else) 5)作状语，表示目的、原因、结果或条件.例如: I came here to see you.(目的) We were very excited to hear the news.(原因) He hurried to the school to find nobody there.(结果) To look at him, you would lik e him.(条件) 目的状语还可以用in order to或so as to来表示.如: In order to pass th e exam, he worked very hard. We ran all the way so as not to be late. 不定式也可在作表语用的形容词后面作状语.例如: I am very glad to hear it. The question is dif ficult to answer. “ too十形容词或副词十不定式”作状语.例如: He is too old to do that.另外句子中有enough这个词时，常用不定式作状语.例如: The room is big enough to hold us. 6)作表语.例如: My job is to help the patient. 7)作独立成分.例如: To tell the truth，I don’t agree with you. 8)不定式与疑问词who，which，when，where，how，what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等.例如: He didn’t know wha t to say.(宾语) How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is w hen to start. (表语) 注意:在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to. 例如: Why not have a rest? 9)不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式。
非谓语动词的三种形式解析
非谓语动词的三种形式解析非谓语动词是指在句子中不担任谓语的动词形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和分词。
它们具有独立的语法作用，并能表达动作、状态或性质。
下面我们来详细解析非谓语动词的三种形式。
一、动词不定式动词不定式是动词的一种形式，通常由“to”加上动词原形构成。
动词不定式可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分，具有时态和语态等变化。
1. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is beneficial for personal development.学习外语对个人发展有益。
2. 作宾语：The students want to visit the museum this weekend.这些学生想在这个周末参观博物馆。
3. 作表语：Her dream is to become a famous singer.她的梦想是成为一名著名歌手。
4. 作定语：I have a lot of books to read.我有很多书要读。
5. 作状语：He works hard to achieve his goals.他努力工作以实现他的目标。
二、动名词动名词是动词加上-ing构成的名词形式，具有名词的特点，可以担任主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。
1. 作主语：Swimming is her favorite sport.游泳是她最喜欢的运动。
2. 作宾语：I enjoy playing the piano in my spare time.我喜欢在闲暇时间弹钢琴。
3. 作定语：The running water sounds very soothing.流水的声音听起来很舒缓。
4. 作表语：His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
三、分词分词是动词的一种形式，在句中可以作定语、状语等成分，常见的分词形式有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed、-en等形式）。
分词非谓语动词讲解
分词非谓语动词讲解分词非谓语动词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，常见的分词有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed/-en形式）。
分词非谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补、状语等成分，具有形容词和副词的特点。
下面是对分词非谓语动词的详细讲解及相关参考内容。
一、现在分词的用法：1. 作定语：现在分词作定语时修饰名词，表示该名词所描述的事物或状态形如：- The running water sounds very pleasant.（现在分词作定语修饰名词water）- She saw a crying baby on the street.（现在分词作定语修饰名词baby）参考内容：-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》2. 作状语：现在分词作状语时修饰整个句子或句子的某一部分。
分词短语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等相关意义。
如：- Feeling tired, she decided to take a break.（现在分词短语表示原因）- Understanding the task, they started to work.（现在分词短语表示条件）参考内容：-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《英汉大词典》二、过去分词的用法：1. 作定语：过去分词在句中作定语时，修饰名词，表示该名词被动、完成或被描述的状态，如：- The broken vase needs to be repaired.（过去分词作定语修饰名词vase）- The information provided is accurate.（过去分词作定语修饰名词information）参考内容：-《朗文当代高级英语辞典》-《剑桥国际英语高级词典》2. 作表语：过去分词可以作表语，表示主语的状态或特征，如：- He is interested in the books written by the famous author.（过去分词作表语修饰主语）- The glass is broken.（过去分词作表语修饰主语）参考内容：-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》三、分词作宾补的用法：分词非谓语动词可以作及物动词的宾语补足语，表示被动、完成的意义，如：- She found the door locked.（分词作宾补修饰宾语door）- They heard the news announced on the radio.（分词作宾补修饰宾语news）参考内容：-《韦氏英语用法词典》-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》综上所述，分词非谓语动词的用法主要包括现在分词作定语、状语，过去分词作定语、表语和宾补等。
非谓语动词分词的用法总结
非谓语动词分词的用法总结一、非谓语动词分词的基本概念及形式非谓语动词分词是英语中的一种特殊用法，常用来表达被动、完成、主动等不同含义。
在句子中作为定语、状语或补语，并且有时可以替代从句。
它的形式通常为“过去分词”或“现在分词”，具体使用取决于上下文和句子结构。
1. 过去分词过去分词通常由动词原形后加上-ed或-d构成，如：played, taken, finished等。
它可以表示被动意义，也可以表示稍微延续的状态或完成的行为。
2. 现在分词现在分词通常由动词原形后加-ing构成，如：playing, taking, working等。
它可以表示主动进行的行为，同时也具有形容词性质。
二、非谓语动词分词作定语非谓语动词分词可以用作定语来修饰名词，起到进一步说明、限定名次的作用。
1. 过去分词作定语过去分词作为定语时，通常修饰被其所描述的名次，如：broken heart (破碎的心) ，cooked rice (煮熟的米饭)等。
它可以表示被动或完成的状态。
2. 现在分词作定语现在分词作为定语时，通常修饰与之相关的名次，并且描述正在进行或主动发生的行为，如：a running river (奔流的河流) ，a barking dog (叫唤的狗)等。
三、非谓语动词分词作状语非谓语动词分词可以用作状语来修饰句子、从句或名词短语，起到表示时间、原因、方式、条件等不同功能的作用。
1. 过去分词作状语过去分词作为状语时，可以表示原因、结果、条件、时间等。
例如：Having finished his homework, he went out to play. (完成了家庭作业后，他出去玩了)2. 现在分词作状语现在分词作为状语时，可以表达同时进行、原因、方式等含义。
例如：Walking slowly, she enjoyed the beautiful scenery. (慢慢地走着，她欣赏美丽的风景)四、非谓语动词分词作补语非谓语动词分词还可以用来充当及物动词的宾补或形容词的补足语，起到补充说明、进一步描述的作用。
非谓语动词详解(腾飞教育)
非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim，duty，hope，idea，happiness，job，plan，problem，purpose，thing，wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
英语语法总结：非谓语动词之分词
英语语法总结：非谓语动词之分词1．分词的性质：具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：例：write (vt) rise (vi)主动语态被动语态主动过去分词时态现在时writing beingwritten rising risen完成时having written having beenwritten having risen3．用法：（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前分词短语于置于被修饰名词后a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleepinga running dog = a dog which is runninga broken glass = a glass which is brokena beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）（2）表语：The book is interesting.He is interested in the book.The news is exciting.He feels excited.（3）宾语补足语：When I woke up, I found my mother sitting besideme.I'd like to have this package weighed.掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
（4）状语：（以下例句值得一背！）①If you turn to the left, you'll find the station.→Turning to the left, you'll find the station.②As I didn't receive her letter, I called her up by telephone.→Not receiving her letter, I called her up by telephone.③While I was walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.→Walking to school yesterday morning, I met a friend.④When she was asked it she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.→Asked if she had any bad habit, she answered that she was a heavy smoker.你知道吗？注意：在运用此类句型时主语前后要保持一致。
非谓语动词有3种形式
⾮谓语动词有3种形式⾮谓语动词有3种形式：不定式、动名词和分词（⼀）不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的性质。
动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to do”，不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有⼈称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
不定式可做主语、宾语、状语、标语和定语，但不能单独做谓语。
不定式的逻辑主语有时⽤“for/of +名词或代词宾格”构成。
⼀作主语。
不定式做主语时，往往放在谓语之后，⽤it做形式主语。
1. To see is to believe.2. It?s difficult (for us) to learn English.3. It?s foolish of her to believe him.= She is foolish to believe him.⼆作表语1. His aim is to win the first prize.2. All we can do is (to) wait.One?s dream / aim / ambition / wish / The first step / What I want to do is to…三作宾语1. He demanded to be told the truth.2. He pretended to be doing his homework / to have fallen asleep when Mother came in.（decide / fail / manage / refuse / pretend / choose / agree / hope/ plan / promise / make up one?s mind + to do）3. I don?t know what to do.（decide / find out / know / learn / consider etc + 疑问词+ to do）4. Anyone can become a better scholar if he wants to.5. ---Are you on holiday? ---No, but I?d like to be.四作宾补或主补1. I?ll have him say something at the meeting.have sb do = get sb to dofeel; hear / listen to; let / have / make; see / watch / look at / notice / observe sb do但被动语态要+ to, let 例外Listen to me read the text.He is often listened to sing the song.He was let go by the police.to dosuggest / hope / agree / demand / arrange sb to do3. He is said to be doing the work of next year.It?s said that he is doing the work of next year.sb + seem / appear / happen / be said / be reported / be known /be found / be believed + to do / to be doing / to have ( been) doneIt + seem / appear / happen / be said … / be believe that….六作定语1. I have a lot of work to do / no pen to write with.2. the first to come / to be awarded the Nobel Prize3. the last person to do such a thing 最不愿意做…的⼈4. the house to be built next year⽐较: the house being built now / build last year注意（1）做定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、⼯具等，不定式后应有相应的介词。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.
If they had been given more
attention
A）I heard my brother ( singing , sung ) in the next room B）I heard the song ( singing , sung ) in English .
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
4、作状语 现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别 现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成 1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. When we see from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory.
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
3、作宾语补足语
可以跟宾语补足语的谓语动词有 see, watch, hear, set, keep, find, have, get 等词。
I saw him walking in the street. 我看见他在街上走。 I heard them singing in the classroom. 我听见他们在教室里唱歌。 We found the boy sleeping. 我们发现小孩睡着了。
想加入本俱乐部的人在这里签名。
The man, who had been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.) (The man, having been disturbed so badly, almost lost his memory.
高中英语非谓语动词讲解 (整理)
非谓语动词非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。
它们不受主语人称和数的限制，动词不定式定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。
1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。
当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done).eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers.2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。
e.g. When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world.3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).e.g. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March.He is said to have been taught French when he was a child.4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式.eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month.二、不定式的用法：1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。
非谓语动词(3)—现在分词
非谓语动词(3)—现在分词现在分词既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的句法功能。
在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和补语一、作定语［规则1］现在分词短语作定语，必须置于被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
1. The young man who is sitting between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.=The young man __________ between John and Mary is the editor of the campus newspaper.2. Those who wish to join the club should sign here.=Those _____ to join this club should sign here.3. The factory that makes these pens is a small one.= The factory _____ these pens is a small one.4. Did you see the girl who was dancing with your brother?=Did you see the girl __________ with your brother?［难点1］如果现在分词与被修饰词之间有被动关系，且强调动作正在进行，需用现在分词的被动式。
5. The problem which we are discussing now is very important.=The problem ____________________ now is very important.6. The building which is being built now will be a hospital.=The building ____________________ now will be a hospital.［规则2］现在分词的完成式一般不直接放在被修饰词后面作定语，若要作定语，必须用逗号与被修饰词隔开，或用定语从句。
非谓语动词的三种形式
非谓语动词的三种形式
1、动词不定式：(to)+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
2、动名词：Ving，动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
3、现在分词：-ing形式，现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
4、过去分词：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。
三种形式的选择和区分
1、现在分词用来表示现在进行的动作，主动语态
2、过去分词表示已经完成的动作或被做的事，被动语态。
3、动词不定式表示将要发生的动作。
扩展资料：
原则一：用作目的状语，原则上要用不定式；
原则二：用作伴随状语，原则上要用现在分词；
原则三：用作结果状语时，可用-ing或不定式；
原则四：凡是含有被动意义时，原则上要用过去分词；
原则五：非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语原则上应与主句主语保持一致；
原则六：强调动作发生在主句谓语动作之前时，原则上要用完成式；
原则七：用于名词后作定语时，原则是：用不定式，表示动作尚未发生；用-ing，表示动作正在进行；用过去分词，表示动作已经发生，同时表示被动意义。
谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
英语中不能单独做句子的谓语。
非谓语动词-分词
非谓语动词—分词一．概述：分为现在分词和过去分词，作状语，定语，补语，表语。
现在分词过去分词完成式二．分词作状语：可表时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随等，为表强调可与while，when，once，if，unless 连用。
1.现在分词作状语：句子主语为doing表示动作的执行者。
Hearing the alarm , people ran out of the building . (表时间)Not knowing his address , I can’t get in touch with him . （表原因）Their car was caught in the traffic jam , thus causing the delay . （表结果）2.过去分词作状语：句子主语为done 表示动作的承受者。
Given more attention , the tree could grow better . （表条件）3.结构：done 已完成doing 同时发生主动被动 being done 同时having done 先发生having been done 先发生解题思路：读句子，翻译句子，正确理解题意。
找出句子谓语，判断是否需用非谓语动词。
找出句子主语，判断句子主语与逻辑主语是否一致。
若一致，判断句子主语与非谓语动词所表动作关系的时间及语态关系。
练习：1. When (offer) help , one often says “Thank you ”or“It’s kind of you .”2. (separate) from other continents for millions of years , Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other country in the world .3.Generally speaking , if (take)according to the directions ,the drug has no side effect .4.He glanced at her , (note) that though she was tiny ,she seemed very well .5. (tell) many times , he still repeated the same mistakes .6.The teacher came into the lab ,(follow) by some students .独立主格结构：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，如果不一致，那么分词短语需要有自己的逻辑主语，此时用独立主格结构或使用状语从句。
非谓语全讲解之分词(无盲区版)
非谓语之分词一、非谓语动词的概述非谓语有三大方面的内容是需要学习和掌握的，即：它们在句中所能充当的成分、时态和语态的变化以及逻辑主语。
非谓语动词有三种形式：1.不定式：可当作名词、形容词和副词来使用。
不定式在句中能够充当除谓语之外的其它任何成分。
2.动名词：动名词相当于名词，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
3.分词：分词相当于形容词和副词，在句中主要充当定语、状语、补足语和表语。
非谓语动词作为动词的一种变化形式，仍保留有动词的特征。
比如：有自己的主语、时态和语态的变化。
因此学习非谓语动词有三个重要内容：充当句子成分，时态和语态的变化及逻辑主语。
二、分词的形式：分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。
这两种分词如何使用主要取决于分词与其所修饰名词之间的逻辑语义关系。
二、分词的意义:★现在分词的意义:从时态和语态两个角度分析分词的意义。
从语态看，现在分词表示主动意义，从时态看，现在分词表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态，同时还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般时态。
1、主动，进行的动作。
例：①falling leaves 正在飘落的叶子②A sleeping dog 正在睡觉的狗③The man standing at the gate is my English teacher.站在门口的那个人是我们的英语老师。
④I like the girl dancing with that guy. 我喜欢正在和那个小伙子跳舞的女孩。
2、主动，一般的动作（表示某事物一贯特征）此用法表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性的特点。
例：①flying fishes 飞鱼②A puzzling problem 令人迷惑的问题③They live in a room facing the south.他们住在一间朝南的屋子里。
=they live in a room that faces the south.★过去分词的意义：对于过去分词含义的理解，须区分及物动词和不及物动词。
非谓语动词-分词
Combine each pair of sentences using a participle and the words given in brackets. Make any other necessary changes. 1. Bears find a place on the side of a hill. They dig dens in the autumn. (find) ______________________________________ Having found a place on the side of a hill, bear dig ___________________________________ dens in the autumn. 2. Bears fill their dens with grass and leaves. They make a bed for themselves. (fill) ______________________________________ Filling their dens with grass and leaves, bears __________________________________ make a bed for themselves. 3. Bears gain up to 20 kg a week during summer and autumn. They hibernate. (gain) Having gained up to 20 kg a week during summer ___________________________ and autumn, bears hibernate.
).
分词在句子里 1）作定语，2）作表语， 3）作状语，4）作宾语补足语。
高考英语非谓语动词之分词讲解
高考英语非谓语动词之分词讲解一、考点分析非谓语动词在语法填空中最为常见，在翻译句子中也有所涉及；如学生基础较好，能在写作中运用，那将为作文提升一个档次。
二、专题详解分词是一种非谓语动词形式。
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。
分词既具有动词的一些特征，可自带状语，有自己的逻辑主语，现在分词还可以带宾语，有时态和语态的变化。
它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，可以作主语、表语、定语、状语，也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
1）知识点1作表语1．作表语的分词2．常用的作表语的分词注：大多数作表语的过去分词都来自及物动词，只有一小部分来自不及物动词。
例如：gone, come，fallen, risen，arrived, returned, passed, changed, faded等，这些主要是表示运动及转变的不及物动词，它们用作表语时带有书面语色彩，而且使用范围很窄。
例如：Summer is gone. 夏天过去了。
Autumn is come. 秋天到了。
The leaves are fallen．树叶落了。
The sun is risen.太阳升起来了。
3．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别有些过去分词用作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
一般说来with，at等介词多用于表语结构，by多用于被动结构.。
例题及练习基础题：1. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.A followedB followingC to be followedD being followed答案：B2. The news was so ______that they were all____.A. inspiring; excitingB. inspiring; excitedC. inspired ;excitedD. inspired ;exciting 答案：B3. The door of the shop remained _____,though it was ten o’clock a.m.A.openedB. openingC. lockedD. having locking 答案：C4. I’d rather read than watch television; the program seem ______all the time .A.to get worseB.to be getting worseC.to have got worseD. Getting worse答案：B2）知识点2作定语1.分词作定语，修饰名词，相当于一个定语从句。
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非谓语动词系列(三)……分词 名词 doing ( done > being done )表示状态多用 doingThe lake lying on the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.Which lies分词和修饰的名词有主谓关系用doingThe boy talking with my mother is my son.who is talking分词和修饰的名词有动宾关系用doneMany people die from the polluted air.the air which is polluted 分词和修饰的名词有动宾关系，且有正在.进行用being doneThe boy being invitedto her parly now is her boyfriend.who is being invitedDoing (现在分词)…一主动.正在Done (过去分词)・…一被动、完成falling leavesx fallen leaves . criticized boy> being criticized boy the boy telling a lie 、the boy invited to lhe meeting心理活动的过去分词作定语(不表被动) (Surprise 、exciteinterestx puzzle 、please 、frightenx lire 、disappointsencourage) The puzzled look on his face makes us surprised.His excited smile made us happy.用分词和定语从句两种形式填空:Tliere was a wallet ___________ ________________ (lie ) one the ground. An man__________________ 或 __________ (ride) a horse came from the front. Tlie lady _______________ 或 __________ (take) with your teacher is a nurse.The lake ________________ 或 ___________ (lie ) on the west of Hang Zhou is called the west lake. Mr smith once hired a young worker ____________________ 或 ___________ (call) John ・ Tlie book. ______________ 或 ___________ (complete 完成)in May, sells well. This is a _______________ 或 __________ (develop 发达 )area.Tliey took the ________________ 或 ___________ (wound 受伤)soldiers into a small temple at once. Tlie Chinese people are _________________________ 或 _______________ (hard —work 勤劳) The ____________________ 或 _______________ (man -make) satellite will move round the earth ・ I found a _____________________ 或 _____________ (break) cup on ll)e table.Any person _________________________ 或 _____________ ( disagree) must write down his name on the paper. Most of people _____________________ 或 ______________ (sing) were students. Here was no Frenchman __________________________ 或 ___________ (speak) English . The room temperature ____________________________ 或 _________ (need) is 15 "C. The method 方法 __________ (use) is efficient.Her __________________________ (disappoint) laugh came out at once.The train just now ____________ (arrive) at Platform No.4 is from Beijing ・The student _ ( criticize 批评)is in Class One tomorrow. Tlie student ( criticize 批评)is in Class One now.区别2) x改错①She told me why lo not come in time②I can let you to have one ticket.③1( made the girl who was standing at the gate to feel better.④We'll have the boy to post this letter.⑤Was the thief noticed leave the house?⑥He made the girl light a fire for us.⑦He made some fish food to feed the dog.⑧The girl was made learn English song・⑨ A student began to make faces make the other students laugh.⑩Who left the water run all the time?(ll)The good news sent him fly home ・(IZ)we found them read in the classroom.写出不同的动词形式①We saw you _________ (fight) on the side of the birds just now.②They found him ___________ (die) at the foot of the hill.◎ Her father found her________________ (injure 受伤)in her arm.④It s Lifang who had it _______________ (do).⑤The teacher tried lo make himself ______________ ( understand)⑥They sent me _____________ (read) the book.⑦We watched the ship __________________ ( steam 开动)past.⑧We caught the visitor _____________ (tell) a lie.⑨He couldn't make his voice _____________ (hear)about the noise of the traffic.⑩we must get everything ____________ (move 运转)。
⑪ I can't have you ____________ (do) nothing all day.⑫ Did you noticed his hand _____________ ( shake 摇动)？I ・ The young lady stood ________ tor a moment when she saw a beggar before he suddenly.A, surprising B. to surprise C. surprised D. having surprised 2.•一• How did you find your visit lo the museum ?I thoroughly enjoyed it, It was ___________ .A. far more interesting B ・ even much interested C, so more interesting D, a lot much interested3. Tliey thought their bodies would be __________ kept in the pyramids.A. well b. quiteC very D. much4. The play was so ____________ that nearly everybodywas _to 【ears (眼泪). A. moving . movingB. moved, movedC. moving. movedD. moved, moving5. With his son ___________ ・ the man felt angry.A. disappointingB. disappointedC. being disappointedD. disappoint 6. “ you are too _________ said the _____________ mother to his son.A. disappointingdisappointedB. disappointed> disappointed C ・ disappointed 、disappointing 改错: The puzzling look on his face suggested that he should understand the question. The surprising look showed that he hadn't expected this. Then came her exciting scream of joy.分词做状语用 $ doing 、done 、being done 、having done> having been done^分词在句首分词在句末填写下列各词：________ (feel) tired. the teacher lay on the ground ・ (be) blind . how could they see an elephant. Not ______ (receive) an answer, he decided to write another letter. _____ ( born )into a poor family, he had only two years of schooling ・(lire) with the work, she sat down to rest.___ (wound) in the leg. The soldier had lo lie in bed. (not satisfy) with the result, we decided to make the experiment again. _ ( discourage), I started lo leave the place.①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧___ (see) from the hill, the city looks beautiful.________ (walk) along the sands towards his car, he saw a stranger. Be careful when (cross) the street.Hiswife died in 1980. ___________ (leave) him with three children.___ (give) more lime, we are sure to finish il ・ (support) by the people . we succeeded at Iasi. The bus was held up by the snow slornr ______________ ( cause) the delay (延期). Theboy jumped up and down. ____________________ (cry) with joy. __ ( hold) his head high, he walked past the pole.Thetrain started at five, ______________ ( arrive) at qingyuan al 12.Hemust be able to use the foreign language, _________________ (forget) all about his own.Reading the letter, tears came to his eyes.Looking at from the lop of the hill, our town looks even more beautiful. Seeing his hometown. a sense of pride came to his mind ・ Being very hot, they went swimming in the rivenWalking through the park. a wonderful smell of flowers came to our nose.. Tliey sei off at four, and arriving home an hour later. Done his homework ・ the boy went out to play.Having written his composition, so he began to watch TV. Tlie boy being dressed in red coat is my son. I don't know the boy was born in 1986.The spoken English countries are developed couniry in the world . his accent .he must be form the south ・③ Given more money , and we will buy the dictionary.④Having not heard from him for a long tnne, I don't know how he is getting on with his work.⑨⑩⑪⑫⑬⑭⑮⑯⑰⑱⑲⑳错 改①②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨⑩⑪⑫分词时态综合练习：1 ・He was knocked down by a car _________________ (run) in the street.2.He showed us around the house __________________ (build) there now.3.There is a tree ___________ (stand) in front of our house・4.____________ (do) his work he went home ・5.____________ ( criticize 批评)by the teacher, he felt very unhappy.6._______________ ( write ) his composition. he began lo do his maths homework・7.____________ (not know) what to do next, he went to his teacher for adviee.8.____________ (be) a student, you should study hard.9.____________ (be) there many limes. I know the place very well.11, _____________ (see) the film many tunes, he didn't go to see it last night.13,___________________ (tell) many times, he still couldn't remember it.14,___________ ( stand) on lop of the mountain, you can see the village more clearly.15,This is the problem ___________________ (discuss) at yesterday s meeting.17.______________ ( heat), water can be lunied into gases.18.______________ (see) from the top of the hill, the town looks even more beautiful.20.The old man stood here, ____________ (support) by his daughter.21.He sat there. ________________ (lose) in thoughl.22.___________ ( praise 表扬)by the teacher at the meeting, he felt very happy.24.He hurried home. ________________ (look) behind him as he went.25.___________ (arrive) at the airport, I was told that my flight had taken oil26.___________ (hear) the news, we jumped with joy.27.The question _________________ ( discuss) is of great importance・2& ________________ (mvite) to speak. I *11 start making some preparation tomorrow.分词综合练习(测验.毎题3分) 〜1.They sent the ______________ man lo the hospital at once・A/ dead B. died C. dying D. being dead2.When I pul my hand on his chesl. I could feel his heart still _______ .A/ beat B. beating C. beaten D. to beat3.Most of the people ______ to the parly were famous scientists・A/ invited B/ to invite C/ being invited D/ inviting4.The next morning she found the mail _________ in bed .dead・A/ lying B/lie C/ lay D/ laying5.We were all so pleased to see the trees__________ so well.A/ grow C. grown B /growing D/ having grown6.--- Good morning, can I help you ? ——I'd like l have his package _____________A. be weighed B/ to be weighed C/ to weight D/ weighed7._____ more attention , the trees could have frown better.fiJ Given B/ To give C/ Giving D/ Having given8.The murderer was brought in. with his bands ___________ behind his back.A/ being tied B/ having tied C/ to be lied D/ lied9._________ a reply, he decided to write again.A/ Not receiving B. Receiving not C. Not having received D. having not received 10,Never have I seen the word _________ this way.A. useB. using C, used D, to be used11.The child stood on the sands. ______ in wonder at his first sight of the sea.A. losingB. lostC. to be lostD. having lost12.What he said made us deeply _____________ ・A/ move B. moving C. moved D. be moved13.What's die language _________ in Gerinany ?A. to speakB. spoken C, speaking D, to be spoken14,The students are kept busy _________ for the term examination.A/ to prepare B. to be preparing C/ preparing D. prepare15,Looking through the window. I found him _______________ in a sofa・A/ to seat b/ seat c/ seating D. seated16,Seeing water __________ out of the broken pipe Jie stopped to repair it.A/ bursting B /burst C. being burst D .having been burst17.1 have only w\two dollars ________ in my pockets.A/ remaining B. remained C, remain D. io be remained18.The man stood there, his sharp eyes _________ on my face.A/ fix B. being fixed C, fixed D. fixing19.The viclory sent the soldiers' spirits ________A. risen b/ rising C. raising D. raised20 Bob was the only one I *d have ____________ with me ・A. to work B, working C. worked D, him work21.Playing with the fire, the boy gol his trousers _______ .A. bum B ・burning C, burnt D. being burnt22.You’re having a fever. Your head feels__________ hot.A. burntB. burningC. bumD. being burnt23.He told me he'd lost his job. which was something I ________________ tor.A. Was not preparingB. had not preparedC. Was not prepared D/ has not prepared24.Don’t worry. Il's quite safe skating on the _____ lake.A. freezing B, frozen C. freeze D. having frozen25.・-Why have you been so quiet? ---- His words have left me ___________ ・A/ think B, to think C, thinking D. thought26.Once ______ alone , the girl started crying again.A. leavingB. left C, being left D. having left27.Who is the girl _______ in red ?A. dressingB. wearingC. dressedD. worn28. _______ a good lesson・ the boy never dared to make trouble again.A. TeachingB. TaughtC. Having taughtD. Having been taught29.The bus rolled into the valley. _______ t en deaths and more wounded・A/ to cause B. caused C causing D, having caused30.Generally ______ , English is not difficult to earn.A. speakingB. to speak C ,spoken D. speak31.Tlie letter arrived a week later than _______A. expectedB. being expected C, expecting D. to be expected32.All things ________ , your plan is practical.A. consideringB. being considered C, considered D. (o be considered33.The boy was scolded because he was caught _____________ apples from the neighbor's tree.A/ lo pick B. having picked C, pick D. picking。