非谓语动词讲解(三)------分词
非谓语动词-现在分词的用法
When I walked in the street
Present Participle
(3) 分词动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，分词要用 完成形式。 Having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment…...
Present Participle
现在分词与动名词作定语时的比较
1、动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名词的性能和用途， 和它所修饰的名词在逻辑上没有主谓关系；
a swimming girl ＝a girl who is swimming a walking stick ＝a stick that is used for walking
Our work is serving the people. What he said is very interesting. 3、作表语用的现在分词除了和be连用以外，还可以 和其它的系动词连用；而作表语的动名词则通常只 能和be连用。 His speech seems very moving. His interest in writing for the newspapers.
After I have worked
Present Participle
B. 作原因状语，相当于because/as引导的原因 状语从句。 Because he was ill (1) Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (2) Not knowing what to do next, he went to his teacher for advice. Because he had seen (3) Having seen the film many times , he didn’t go to see it last night.
非谓语动词讲解(三)------分词
用分词和定语从句两种形式填空：
① There was a wallet _______ 或__________ (lie ) one the ground. ② An man ___________ 或 __________ (ride) a horse came from the front. ③ The lady ___________ 或 __________ (take) with your teacher is a nurse.
④ The lake ___________ 或 __________ (lie ) on the west of Hang Zhou is called the west lake. ⑤ Mr smith once hired a young worker ___________ 或 __________ (call) John. ⑥ The book, ___________ 或 __________ (complete 完成 ) in May , sells well. ⑦ This is a ___________ 或 __________ (develop 发达 ) area.
⑧ They took the ___________ 或 __________ (wound 受伤 ) soldiers into a small temple at once. ⑨ The Chinese people are __________________ 或 _______________(hard —work 勤劳) ⑩ The _______________ 或 ______________(man –make) satellite will move round the earth. ⑪ I found a ______________ 或 ______________(break) cup on the table.
考研长难句：非谓语动词之分词
考研长难句：非谓语动词之分词
1．分词作定语
（1）分词作定语既可以放在所修饰的词之前，作前置定语，也可以放在所修饰的词后面，作后置定语。其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如：
Where are the reserved seats? （=Where are the seats which have been reserved?）
预定的座位在哪里？
This is a pressing problem. （=This is a problem which is pressing.）
这是一个紧迫的问题。
（2）分词作后置定语可分为限制性（紧跟在所修饰的中心词之后）和非限制性（用逗号与其所修饰的中心词分开）两种，其作用分别相当于一个限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。例如：The funds raised（= which have been raised）are mainly used for helping the homeless.
筹集的资金主要用来帮助那些无家可归的人。
There are many students waiting（= who are waiting）to get examined.
有许多学生在等待检查。
This book,written（= which is written）in simple English,is suitable for beginners.
本书是用浅显的英语写的，适合初学者。
（3）分词常和形容词、副词或名词构成合成形容词作定语。例如：
The flower-carrying girl must be waiting for someone.
非谓语动词之分词作状语(公开课课件)PPT课件
• 非谓语动词概述 • 分词作状语 • 分词作状语的时态和语态 • 分词作状语的注意事项 • 分词作状语的练习与解析
01
非谓语动词概述
非谓语动词的定义
定义
非谓语动词是动词的一种形式，它们 在句子中不作谓语，而是用作其他成 分，如宾语、主语、表语、定语、状 语等。
分词作状语的用法
总结词
分词作状语通常用于修饰动词、形容词或整个句子，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随等关 系。
详细描述
分词作状语可以放在句首、句中或句末，具体位置根据表达的需要而定。例如， “Walking in the park, he saw a cat.”（在公园散步时，他看到了一只猫。）这句话 中的“Walking in the park”就是分词作状语，表示“他”在“看到一只猫”之前正
分词作状语不受名词或代词的 限制，而从句需要与名词或代 词保持一致。
分词作状语与独立主格结构的区别
分词作状语是非谓语动词的一种形式， 表示动作的伴随或时间关系，不具有 主Baidu Nhomakorabea和谓语。
独立主格结构通常表示时间、条件、 伴随等关系，与分词作状语有相似之 处，但独立主格结构具有更强的独立 性。
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上分 词或不定式构成，具有完整的主谓关 系。
分词作状语的常见错误分析
非谓语动词-分词
Ⅱ 分词的用法
一.作表语
1. 过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态
The window is broken. 窗户破了。 The train is crowded. 火车很拥挤。 She is excited. 她很激动。
2. 现在分词表示主语的特征或属性，通常物作主语， “令人.Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu.”
过去分词表示主语的状态，通常人作主语， “感到...”
= (After) Taken round the city, we were impressed by the city’s new look.
7. We must write down the things being discussed here. 我们必须写下 正在被讨论的事情。
= We must write down the things that is being discussed here.
注：如果所表示的是一个未来的动作，可以用
完成式
(not ) having (not ) having been
done
done
过去分词: 一般只有一种形式：done
Ⅰ 分词的时态和语态
一. 现在分词的时态变化：
1) 现在分词的一般式：
表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或几乎同 时发生。
当(他)正在路上走的时候，他发现了一支钢笔。
非谓语动词---分词
1) 单个-ing形式作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之前, ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰的名词之后, 并 且在意思上相当于一个定语从句。如： They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street. 他们住在一间面朝街的房子。 The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father. 站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
Leabharlann Baidu
与宾语是被动关系 与句中主语是被动关系
表语
与句中主语是主动关系
分词做状语
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影 响，称作独立成分。常见的有： • Generally speaking … 一般说来 • Frankly speaking … 坦白地说 • Judging from … 根据……来判断 • Considering … 考虑到…… • To tell you the truth … 说实话 • Compared to/with… 和…相比
an exciting voice 令人兴奋的声音 a puzzling look 令人迷惑不解的表情 an excited voice 兴奋的声音 a puzzled look 困惑的表情
分词非谓语动词讲解
分词非谓语动词讲解
分词非谓语动词是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，常见的分词有现在分词（-ing形式）和过去分词（-ed/-en形式）。分词非
谓语动词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语、宾补、状语等成分，具有形容词和副词的特点。下面是对分词非谓语动词的详细讲解及相关参考内容。
一、现在分词的用法：
1. 作定语：现在分词作定语时修饰名词，表示该名词所描述的事物或状态形如：
- The running water sounds very pleasant.（现在分词作定语修饰
名词water）
- She saw a crying baby on the street.（现在分词作定语修饰名词baby）
参考内容：
-《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》
-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》
2. 作状语：现在分词作状语时修饰整个句子或句子的某一部分。分词短语可以表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件等相关意义。如：
- Feeling tired, she decided to take a break.（现在分词短语表示
原因）
- Understanding the task, they started to work.（现在分词短语表
示条件）
参考内容：
-《剑桥高阶英汉双解词典》
-《英汉大词典》
二、过去分词的用法：
1. 作定语：过去分词在句中作定语时，修饰名词，表示该名词被动、完成或被描述的状态，如：
- The broken vase needs to be repaired.（过去分词作定语修饰名
词vase）
- The information provided is accurate.（过去分词作定语修饰名
非谓语动词之分词作状语(公开课课件)
Reading the book, she found it interesting. (时间状语)
功能
功能
分词作状语可以补充说明主句中的动作或状态，使句子更 加完整和流畅。分词作状语可以放在句首、句中或句末， 具体位置根据语境和表达需要而定。
例子
Having finished his homework, he went to bed. (时间 状语)
THANKS
感谢观看
或时间段。
条件状语
分词作条件状语，表示 某个动作发生的前提条
件。
原因状语
分词作原因状语，表示 某个动作发生的原因。
让步状语
分词作让步状语，表示 某个动作发生的转折关
系。
03
分词作状语与从句的区别 和联系
区别
分词作状语是非谓语动词的一种 形式，表示动作与主句主语之间 的关系，通常不具有完整的谓语
结构。
05
分词作状语的练习和解析
练习
01
02
03
04
练习1
句子填空，用分词完成句子
练习2
翻译句子，注意分词的用法
练习3
选择题，根据句意选择正确的 分wenku.baidu.com形式
练习4
改错题，改正句子中的分词错 误
解析
解析1
分词作状语的用法和特点
非谓语动词--分词的用法PPT课件
surrounded by many students = Surrounded by many students,
the teacher stood there.
*过去分词短语作伴随或方式状语 28
六.分词短语作状语须注意的问题:
练习: 判断正误并改正
*The children came into the
classroom, laughing and talking.
*Laughing and talking, the
children came into the c*l现as在s分ro词om短语. 作伴随或方式状语
*不可改成相应状语从句
22
B.过去分词作状语学与练
3.Moved deeply by what he said,
so he decided to help the poor(×)
girl. Because he was moved deeply by what he said, so he decided to help
the poor girl.(× )
Seeing their teacher, the students stood
up. *现在分词短语作( 时间状语 )
*现在分词动作的发出者是(句子主语 ) 16
非谓语动词—现在分词(英语语法课件)
目录
1 现在分词的特点 2 现在分词的结构形式 3 现在分词的语法功能
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ 一、现在分词的特点
1. 现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，属于非谓语动词。 2. 一面具有动词的特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语；
另一面具有形容词和副词的特征。
二、现在分词的结构形式
形式变化 时态变化
形态 一般式 （doing）
完成式（having done）
语态变化
一般被动式（being done） 完成被动式（having been done）
1. 时态变化
（1） 一般式 现在分词的一般式通常表示其动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 She sat there reading a novel. 现在分词的一般式所表示的动作有时在谓语动词的动作之前发生。 Going into the room, he shut the door.
Summary
Present Participle
characteristics
forms
grammatical functions
Assignment
Analyze the grammatical functions of the present participles in the following sentences.
03 作表语
用作表语的现在分词通常具有形容词性质，有的甚至已经转化为形容词。 The situation is confusing.
英语语法总结：非谓语动词之分词
英语语法总结：非谓语动词之分词
1．分词的性质：
具有形容词性质，可以在句中担任表语、定语、宾补、状语，现在分词表示主动，且动作在进行：过去分词表示被动，或动作已完成。
2．分词的形式：
例：write (vt) rise (vi)
主动语态被动语态
主动过去分词
时态
现在时writing being
written rising risen
完成时having written having been
written having risen
3．用法：
（1）定语分词置于被修饰名词前
分词短语于置于被修饰名词后
a sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping
a running dog = a dog which is running
a broken glass = a glass which is broken
a beaten team = a team which is beaten（beaten 是被打败的意思）
（2）表语：
The book is interesting.
He is interested in the book.
The news is exciting.
He feels excited.
（3）宾语补足语：
When I woke up, I found my mother sitting beside
me.
I'd like to have this package weighed.
掌握精髓：动词不定式作宾语表示动作的全过程，而现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动概念。
非谓语动词之现在分词和过去分词
.
（4）过去分词作定语在意义上有两种可能：表示被动和 完成，只表完成。如：
the question discussed yesterday 昨天讨论的问题 （既表示被动也表示完成）
the fallen leaves •落下的树叶 (只表示完成，不表示被动)
2、作表语 分词作表语表示主语的某种性质或状态。如： She was too frightened to move. 她被吓得一动不动。 What you said is really inspiring. 你所说的真令人鼓舞。
If they had been given more
attention
.
Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep.
Because he was so angry
.
They came into the classroom, singing and laughing.
专题 非谓语动词(三)-2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析(解析版)
2020年高考语法考点讲解与真题分析
20非谓语动词（三）
考点五非谓语动词作状语
非谓语动词作状语是历年高考考查非谓语动词的重中之重，同学们应予以高度重视。不定式和分词都能作状语。首先判断用不定式还是分词，然后根据非谓语动词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致的原则判断不定式用主动式还是被动式，分词用现在分词还是过去分词。
1．分词作状语
分词主要作时间、条件、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等状语。
1. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. （2018北京）
A. used
B. to use
C. using
D. use
【答案】A
【解析】这里作条件状语，应用分词；逻辑主语soap与use之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意：如果使用得当，普通肥皂也可以有效除菌。
2. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now. （2016北京）
A. Ordering
B. To order
C. Having ordered
D. Ordered
【答案】D
【解析】这里作原因状语，应用分词；逻辑主语books与order之间是被动关系，故用过去分词。句意：书是一个星期前订的，所以随时会到。
3. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way________ the sun and the stars. (2015重庆)
非谓语动词精讲
非谓语动词精讲
概述
在大学英语四六级考试的词汇和语法部分中，年年必考的一项语法就是非谓语动词(Non-finite Verb)。
非谓语动词分为三类：不定式(infinitive)、动名词(gerund)和分词(participle)。其特点是：
1．不定式、动名词和分词可以做很多句子成分，但就是不能单独做谓语，这也是它们被称为"非谓语动词"的原因。
2．它们具有各种形态：原形、主动态、被动态、进行态和完成态。
3．不定式和动名词可以做主语、宾语、表语、补语等。但不管起什么作用，它们都具有动词的功能，但无语法上的动词性质，这一点可以通过它们不受主语的人称和数的限制体现出来。
4．分词起形容词和副词作用，可做表语、定语、状语和复合结构中的复合宾语，但不能做主语和宾语。它也不受主语人称和数的限制。
不定式
1．结构
不定式的主动态是 to do，其否定式是 not to do，被动态是 to be done，进行态是 to be doing，完成态是 to have done 。
例： 1996 年 6 月四级第 24 题
Sir Denis, who is 78, has made it known that much of his collection _ _____to the nation.
A) has left B) is to leave C) leaves D) is to be left 结合选项来看，全句的意思： "78 岁的丹尼斯爵士已经向众人宣布他的许多收藏品将留给国家"。收藏品是"被留给国家"，因此需要一个被动式做宾语，所以答案是 D) is to be left 。
非谓语动词-分词
非谓语动词—分词
一．概述：分为现在分词和过去分词，作状语，定语，补语，表语。
现在分词
过去分词
完成式
二．分词作状语：可表时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、伴随等，为表强调可与while，when，once，if，unless 连用。
1.现在分词作状语：句子主语为doing表示动作的执行者。
Hearing the alarm , people ran out of the building . (表时间)
Not knowing his address , I can’t get in touch with him . （表原因）
Their car was caught in the traffic jam , thus causing the delay . （表结果）
2.过去分词作状语：句子主语为done 表示动作的承受者。
Given more attention , the tree could grow better . （表条件）
3.结构：
done 已完成
doing 同时发生
主动被动 being done 同时
having done 先发生
having been done 先发生
解题思路：读句子，翻译句子，正确理解题意。
找出句子谓语，判断是否需用非谓语动词。
找出句子主语，判断句子主语与逻辑主语是否一致。
若一致，判断句子主语与非谓语动词所表动作关系的时间及语态关系。
练习：
1. When (offer) help , one often says “Thank you ”or“It’s kind of you .”
超详细非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词t h e N o n-F i n i t e V e r b s 定义在句子中不是谓语的动词,
形式：不定式、动名词和分词现在分词和过去分词
作用：在句子中充当主语、宾语、状语等.
特点：1.非谓语动词可以有名词作用如动词不定式和动名词,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.
2.非谓语动词可以有形容词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.
3.非谓语动词可以有副词作用如动词不定式和分词,在句中作状语.
4.谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.
5.英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.
与谓语动词的关系相同点
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如： They built a garden. They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰： The suit fits him very well. The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式一般式；进行式；完成式的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.谓语动词被动语态 He avoided being punished by his parents.动名词的被动式
We have written the composition.谓语动词的完成时 Having written the composition, we handed it in.现在分词的完成式
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非谓语动词系列(三)……分词 名词 doing ( done > being done )
表示状态多用 doing
The lake lying on the west of Hangzhou is called the West Lake.
Which lies
分词和修饰的名词有主谓关系用doing
The boy talking with my mother is my son.
who is talking
分词和修饰的名词有动宾关系用done
Many people die from the polluted air.
the air which is polluted 分词
和修饰的名词有动宾关系，且有正在.进行用being done
The boy being invited
to her parly now is her boyfriend.
who is being invited
Doing (现在分词)…一主动.正在
Done (过去分词)・…一被动、完成
falling leavesx fallen leaves . criticized boy> being criticized boy the boy telling a lie 、the boy invited to lhe meeting
心理活动的过去分词作定语(不表被动) (Surprise 、exciteinterestx puzzle 、please 、frightenx lire 、disappoints
encourage) The puzzled look on his face makes us surprised
.His excited smile made us happy.
用分词和定语从句两种形式填空:
Tliere was a wallet ___________ ________________ (lie ) one the ground. An man__________________ 或 __________ (ride) a horse came from the front. Tlie lady _______________ 或 __________ (take) with your teacher is a nurse.
The lake ________________ 或 ___________ (lie ) on the west of Hang Zhou is called the west lake. Mr smith once hired a young worker ____________________ 或 ___________ (call) John ・ Tlie book. ______________ 或 ___________ (complete 完成)in May, sells well. This is a _______________ 或 __________ (develop 发达 )area.
Tliey took the ________________ 或 ___________ (wound 受伤)soldiers into a small temple at once. Tlie Chinese people are _________________________ 或 _______________ (hard —work 勤劳) The ____________________ 或 _______________ (man -make) satellite will move round the earth ・ I found a _____________________ 或 _____________ (break) cup on ll)e table.
Any person _________________________ 或 _____________ ( disagree) must write down his name on the paper. Most of people _____________________ 或 ______________ (sing) were students. Here was no Frenchman __________________________ 或 ___________ (speak) English . The room temperature ____________________________ 或 _________ (need) is 15 "C. The method 方法 __________ (use) is efficient.
Her __________________________ (disappoint) laugh came out at once.
The train just now ____________ (arrive) at Platform No.4 is from Beijing ・
The student _ ( criticize 批评)is in Class One tomorrow. Tlie student ( criticize 批评)is in Class One now.
区别
2) x
改错①She told me why lo not come in time
②I can let you to have one ticket.
③1( made the girl who was standing at the gate to feel better.
④We'll have the boy to post this letter.
⑤Was the thief noticed leave the house?
⑥He made the girl light a fire for us.
⑦He made some fish food to feed the dog.
⑧The girl was made learn English song・
⑨ A student began to make faces make the other students laugh.
⑩Who left the water run all the time?
(ll)The good news sent him fly home ・
(IZ)we found them read in the classroom.
写出不同的动词形式
①We saw you _________ (fight) on the side of the birds just now.
②They found him ___________ (die) at the foot of the hill.
◎ Her father found her________________ (injure 受伤)in her arm.
④It s Lifang who had it _______________ (do).
⑤The teacher tried lo make himself ______________ ( understand)
⑥They sent me _____________ (read) the book.
⑦We watched the ship __________________ ( steam 开动)past.
⑧We caught the visitor _____________ (tell) a lie.
⑨He couldn't make his voice _____________ (hear)about the noise of the traffic.
⑩we must get everything ____________ (move 运转)。
⑪ I can't have you ____________ (do) nothing all day.
⑫ Did you noticed his hand _____________ ( shake 摇动)？