小球藻在反渗透浓缩液中的生长及对可溶性盐去除的研究

关 键 词：小球藻，反渗透浓缩液，可溶性矿物质，生物量 研究类型：应用研究
Subject ： Research on the Growth of Chlorella.sp and the Uptake of Dissolved Solid in the RO Brine Specialty ： Environmental Science Name ： Zhao Lu (Signature) (Signature)
Instructor： Dang Xiaohu Terry. Baxter ABSTRACT
Serious shortage of the fresh water is the whole world’s problem, which led to a large number of desalination plants being built. The emergence of those plants greatly alleviated the crisis caused by the lack of fresh water, but during the running of those plants, large amount of reverse osmosis concentrate with super high salinity was produced. The management and treatment of RO brine is a difficult and urgent problem. The traditional methods include discharge to the surface water, evaporation ponds, wastewater treatment plants and deep well injection etc, which are high-cost, narrowly applied or harmful to the environment potentially. In this research, microalgae was cultivated in the RO brine, on one hand, the dissolved solids in the brine were removed by the microalgae, which provided an environmental friendly way to treat RO brine. On the other hand, cells of microalgae contained more lipids and the recycle and reuse of resources could be achieved. In the paper, the ability of microalgae (Chlorella.sp) to grow in reverse osmosis concentrate and the ability of microalgae to remove dissolved solid from the RO brine were explored. The results of the experiments demonstrated that chlorella grew well in 0-90% RO brine, so RO brine was a good medium for chlorella to grow. Generally speaking, the range of 20-50% RO brine facilitated chlorella to grow, in which more biomass could be accumulated. Usually chlorella grown in the 30% RO brine could get the maximum biomass and then with the increasing concentration of RO brine, the accumulated biomass of chlorella decreased. The amount of biomass at 20° C> 10° C> 30° C, at 30° C, the lowest cells’ growth rate happened, an inhibitory effect on the growth of chlorella was obviously observed. In addition, the best specific growth rate of the chlorella grown in the primary effluent mixture, in the secondary effluent mixture and in the digester supernatant all happened on the first day, are 0.52 / d, 0.49 / d and 0.32 / d respectively. Also, the experimental results showed that removal of dissolved solid in the RO brine, such as calcium ions, magnesium ions, sodium ions, potassium ions, sulfate ions and chloride ions, etc. However more resea rch on its exact
论文题目：小球藻在反渗透浓缩液中的生长及对可溶性盐去除的研究 专 业：环境科学 (签名 ) (签名) (签名 )
硕 士 生：赵 璐 指导教师：党小虎 Terry .E. Baxter

摘
要
淡化水厂运行过程中产生的大量的高含盐反渗透浓缩液的管理与处理日益成为棘 手且亟待解决的问题。传统处理方法如直接排入地表水、排入蒸发塘、排到污水处理厂 或者注入地下水层等都存在成本高、应用范围小或者对环境有潜在威胁的问题。本研究 利用小球藻（Chlorella.sp ）在反渗透浓缩液生长的特点，既能有效去除其中的可溶性矿 物质，起到处理反渗透浓缩液的作用，同时这种藻细胞可能含有更多脂质含量，又可实 现对资源的回收利用。 本文研究了小球藻（Chlorella.sp）在反渗透浓缩液中的生长状况以及其对反渗透浓 缩液中可溶性矿物质的去除效果。结果表明小球藻能在 0-90%浓度的反渗透浓缩液混合 液中良好生长，反渗透浓缩液可以作为小球藻的培养基。小球藻在浓度为 20-50%的反 渗透浓缩液混合液中生长较好， 生物量通常在浓度 30%左右达到最大值而后随反渗透浓 缩液浓度的增加而减少；不同温度下的小球藻的累积生物量 20℃>10 ℃>30℃，显然在 30℃温度下，小球藻的生长受到了一定的抑制作用，细胞生长率降低。此外，一、二级 处理出水混合液、 消化反应上清液混合液中生长的小球藻， 在第一天的比生长率都最高， 分别为 0.52/d、0.49/d 和 0.32/d。另外，小球藻对反渗透浓缩液中的钙离子、镁离子、 钠离子、钾离子、硫酸根离子和氯离子等可溶性矿物质都有不同程度的去除效果，但其 确切的去除机制需要更多的研究。
removal mechanism is needed.
Key words： Microalgae; Reverse osmosis concentrate; Dissolved solid; biomass Thesis： Application Research
目
录
目 录
1 绪 论 ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 水污染概况 .................................................................................................................. 1 1.2 反渗透浓缩液典型处理，处置和再利用方法........................................................... 1 1.2.1 反渗透浓缩液的化学组成.................................................................................... 1 1.2.2 反渗透浓缩液的典型处理处置方法.................................................................... 2 1.2.3 反渗透浓缩液典型处理处置方法存在的问题.................................................... 4 1.3 微藻在水处理中的应用 ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 微藻的生理特性.................................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 微藻对可溶性矿物质的去除................................................................................ 6 1.4 研究内容和目的 ........................................................................................................... 6 2 方法与材料 ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.1 实验材料与设备 .......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 生物材料................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2 实验溶液................................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 主要仪器设备........................................................................................................ 8 2.2 实验方法 ...................................................................................................................... 9 2.2.1 藻种的培养............................................................................................................ 9 2.3 测定方法 .................................................................................................................... 10 2.3.1 光密度值（OD）的测定.................................................................................... 10 2.3.2 水质指标的检测.................................................................................................. 10 2.4 实验分组 .................................................................................................................... 15 2.4.1 小球藻在反渗透浓缩液中的生长实验............................................................... 15 2.4.2 小球藻对可溶性矿物质去除实验....................................................................... 16 3 结果与讨论 .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.1 小球藻在一级处理出水混合液中的生长 ................................................................ 17 3.1.1 盐度和温度对小球藻生长的影响....................................................................... 17 3.1.2 一级处理出水混合液中小球藻的生长参数....................................................... 21 3.2 小球藻在二级处理出水混合液中的生长 ................................................................ 24 3.2.1 盐度和温度对小球藻生长的影响....................................................................... 24 3.2.2 二级处理出水混合液中小球藻的生长参数....................................................... 28 3.3 小球藻在消化反应上清液混合液中的生长 ............................................................ 31 3.3.1 盐度和温度对小球藻生长的影响....................................................................... 31 3.3.2 消化反应上清液混合液中小球藻的生长参数................................................... 35