15春华师《英美概况》在线作业答案
英美概况习题精选revised含答案)
英美概况习题精选revised(含答案)Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The highest mountain peak in Britain isin _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell 5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three 6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4.A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into ChineseUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡格林尼治 5..The Britain Isles大不列颠岛Thames River 泰晤士河Severn River塞汶河Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区爱丁堡格拉斯哥12. Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教 xx年大战3. Short Parliament短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. ―Glorious Revolution‖光荣革命8. the Wars ofRoses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Armada a. flower of the feudalism 2. knights b. peasant leader 3. Watt Tyler c. state church 4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy 5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet 6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology (1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c) V. True or False1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2. The Hundred Year‘s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy. ( )Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first beganin the industry. A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building 2.invented the ―spinning Jenny.‖A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt 3. The author of Wealth of Nations is. A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert Owen Keys:4II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the ―Spinning Jenny‖4. b James Watt d. the power loom III. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector 3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly waged a war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking.In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?5Understanding the United KingdomPart 1 Geography and History of UKSection 1 The LandI. Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The highest mountain peak in Britain isin _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 2. The longest river in Britain is the _____ River.A. SevernB. ThamesC. MerseyD. Humber3. The largest lake in Britain is located in _____.A. EnglandB. ScotlandC. WalesD. Northern Ireland 4. The highest mountain peak in Britain is called _____.A. Ben NevisB. Cross FellC. SnowdoniaD. Scafell 5. The Lake District is well-known for _____.A. its wild and beautiful sceneryB. its varied lakesC. the lake PoetsD. all of the above three 6. Which of the following is NOT the feature of British climate?A. coldnessB. more rainy daysC. changeabilityD. more fogs Keys: 1. B 2. A 3. D 4.A 5. D 6. AII. Translate the following into ChineseUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国 strait of Dover 多佛海峡 3. the English Channel 英吉利海峡格林尼治 5..The Britain Isles大不列颠岛Thames River 泰晤士河Severn River塞汶河Neigh 讷湖9. Lake District 湖区爱丁堡格拉斯哥12. Cardiff 加的夫13. Stonehenge 史前时期巨大石柱14. the British Isles不列颠群岛English Channel 英吉利海峡16. maritime climate海洋性气候；海岸气候 17. loanwords外来语，外来词18.. Old English古英语 19. Roman Catholic church罗马天主教会；罗马公教 xx年大战3. Short Parliament短期议会4. Long Parliament 长期议会5. Black Death 黑死病6. Restoration of the Stuart 斯图亚特王朝复辟7. ―Glorious Revolution‖光荣革命8. the Wars ofRoses 玫瑰战争 9. humanism 人文主义 10. Renaissance文艺复兴IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Armada a. flower of the feudalism 2. knights b. peasant leader 3. Watt Tyler c. state church 4. Tudor Monarchy d. New Monarchy 5. Protestantism e. Invincible Fleet 6. Established religion f. Protestant ideology (1-e 2-a 3-b 4-d 5-f 6-c) V. True or False1. Feudalism was established in England soon after the Anglo-Saxon conquest.2. The Hundred Year‘s War continued without interruption for more than 100 years.3. The ending of the Wars of the roses marked the beginning of the Middle Ages.4. The Tudor Monarchy was the transitional stage from feudalism to capitalism in Englishhistory.5. Elizabethan drama rejected humanism and regarded life as a tragedy. ( )Section 5 The Industrial Revolution and the Chartist Movement Ⅰ. Choose the best answer and circle the letter before it.1. The British Industrial Revolution first beganin the industry. A. iron and steel B. textile C. coal-mining D. ship-building 2.invented the ―spinning Jenny.‖A. James HargreavesB. Richard ArkwrightC. Edmund CartwrightD. James Watt 3. The author of Wealth of Nations is. A. Adam Smith B. David Richardo C. Thomas Malthus D. Robert Owen Keys:4II Match the inventions in Column B with the inventors in Column A. Column A Column B1. c James Hargreaves a. spinning machine run by water power2. a Richard Arkwright b. the steam engine3. d Edmund Cartwright c. the ―Spinning Jenny‖4. b James Watt d. the power loom III. Key Terms:1. gunpowder plot 火药阴谋2. natural selection 自然选择；物竞天择说3. Origin of Species 物种起源IV. Select the letter of the answer that best matches each term on the left. 1. Oliver Cromwell A. Glorious Revolution 2. Darwin B. Lord Protector 3. Cavaliers C. author of Origin of Species4. White Revolution D. Author of Jane Eyre5. Charlotte Bronte E. Royalists (1. B 2. C 3. E 4. A 5. D)Section 6 The British Empire and British ImperialismWhat wars of aggression were waged by Britain against China in the 19th century?A: In 1840, the British colonists(殖民者) launched an aggression(侵略) war against China and forced the corrupt(堕落的,腐败的) Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Nanking in 1842, whereby(靠那个,凭那个) Hong Kong was ceded to Britain as colony and five ports (Shanghai, Fuchow, Amoy(厦门), Ningpou and Canton(广东,旧称)) were opened as a trade ports, and the colonists were granted special privileges for travel and missionary in China.From 1856 to 1860, Britain and France jointly wageda war of aggression against China and occupied such major cities as Canton, Tientsin(天津) and Peking(北京,旧称). They plundered(掠夺) and burned down the Yuan Ming Yuan Palace and forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of Tientsin and the Treaty of Peking.In 1900, Britain allied(有联系的,同盟的) with seven imperialist(帝国主义) powers, invaded China in an attempt to further dominate over China. Ⅰ.Choose the correct answer and circle the letter before it. 1. The first British colony was . A. New England B. Newfoundland C. West Indies D. India2. The British colonists forced the Qing government to conclude the Treaty of in 1842. A. Peking B. Nanking C. Tientsin D. Canton3. Which of the following is NOT the feature of imperialism ? A. foreign territorial expansion B. export of capital C. free competition D. monopoly4. Which is NOT the member country of the Triple Alliance ? A. Germany B. France C. Austria-Hungary D. Italy5. Which was NOT the member country of the Triple Entente ?A. BritainB. FranceC. RussiaD. Italy 6. Which of the following is NOT true of the depression in1930s ?A. Factories closedB. Banks failedC. Foreign trade shriveledD. Unemployment rate was low 7. In which year did Japan attack Pearl Harbor ?5。
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect.She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election? ----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employmentopportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom? ----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the buildingof railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries.The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides,he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless.At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and thenative Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.（注：可编辑下载，若有不当之处，请指正，谢谢!）。
英美概况课后练习答案
Britain version2.0Part One Geography Chapter I A brief introduction tophysical geographyWhere is the U. K. ? And what is it made up of? What is its total area?- The U.K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers.What are the present features of the climate of Britain?- Britain has a maritime c1imate-- winters are not too cold and summers are: not too hot. Therefore, its temperature varies within a small range, rarely falling below -5'C in winter or rising about 24'C in summer. Sunshine hours are fewer in more southerlyclimatesThe "backbone of England": It refers to the Pennines, a range of hills extending about 257 km southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England.What percentage of the country's water requirements are obtained from underground sources?- About 38% of the country's water requirements depend on underground sources.Chapter III EconomyWhat are the characteristics of the British economy?- The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world's most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world'sforeign trade. The agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country's basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.Chapter V The Main Cities Which city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?- London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.What does London consist of administratively?- London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.Greater London: It is a metropolitan county (pop. 7 million), made up of 12 Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.Part Three CultureChapter I EducationHow many years does a pupil study at a primary state school?- Six years, from the age of five to eleven.Which type of schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education?- Grammar schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education.How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones? - There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-aged universities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and BuckinghamUniversity (independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most famous in the world. How are" public" schools financed?- Public schools in the UK are financed mainly by fees paid by parents and private funds.Eton College: It is one of the largest independent secondary schools in England and one of the most prestigious.How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family"?- British society is based on family life and the family is a self-contained economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family.How do the newlyweds solve theproblem of housing?- 1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent. 2) They may mortgage a house through a building society. 3) If they have enough money they may buy a house, but this seldom happens.What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food?- The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup. It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course. Can you show us an example of the conservative characteristic of the British people?- One example is that the British people have been slow adopting rational reforms, such as the metric system. Some people say that the Englishman islike a cold fish that has just come out of the ice. What do you think of that?- This may be true. The British people are cold by nature. They do not show their feelings very much and do not show their emotion if they are very happy and neither do they if they are sad. For example, when you work at a factory, the guy whom you work with never tells you anything about himself. You may work with him for years, yet you even don't know where he lives, how many children he has and what his interests are.fierce individualism: It is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights. exclusiveness: This is the best-known quality of the British people. It means, " I am English. You stay away from me.I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be: myself. I do not need you. Leave mealone. "Chapter III Customs and Habits What did John Bull denote in the seventeenth century and what is his image?- John Bull denotes Britain or any Englishman in the 17th century. His image is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and pair of boots on his feet. Why does an Englishman like to talk about the weather?- There are probably two reasons. One is the uncertainty of the weather. Another reason is that weather is a subject which is quite safe, friendly to talk. about.What are the three "Don'ts"? And three "ings"?- Three "Don'ts": Don't jump up the queue. Don't ask a woman's age. Don't try to bargain in Britain when you do shopping.Three" Ings": betting, drinking and tipping.J ohn Bull: It is the nickname of England or a typical Englishman. Chapter IV Holidays and Festivals How long approximately do the industrial workers have for holidays?- The industrial workers have at least four weeks' paid holiday.How do the English people usually spend holidays?- They usually spend their holidays at the resorts of the seaside. There they have swimming, bathing, or have other kinds of amusement, such as shooting, roundabouts, watching a beauty contest, going to a concert or a party. And some of the people go abroad for sightseeing. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?- Christmas Day is the greatest festivalin Britain. Its significance• is to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25. Christmas: Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating it as the birth of Jesus Christ. It is basically, a home or family festival. Those who live away try to get back home to: celebrate the day with the family. People send presents; cards to each other especially children have their presents from Santa Claus. People usually have al sumptuous dinner, many kinds of amusement.Chapter V Wages and Social Benefits How long is the standard working week usually in Britain?- The standard working week is usually thirty-five and forty hours, and often spread over five days, from Monday to Friday.What is the difference between wages and Salary?- Wages is payment made or received for work or services, usually week in cash. Salary is payment for regular work, usually monthly.How many kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom?- There are mainly six kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom. They are Occupational Pension, Personal Pension, State Pension, Pension Credit, Over 80 Pension and Stakeholder Pension.What are the three main groups of Christianity? Which group does the Church of England belong to?- The three groups of Christianity are Catholicism, the Orthodox Eastern Church, and Protestantism. The Church of England belongs to Protestantism.What are the main features and tendencies of religion in Britain?- The main features are: 1) There is no "Christian" political party, no anti-religious or anti-clerical party either. 2) There is a widespread interest in religion. The main tendencies of religion in Britain are 1) the unity among the churches, 2) more social, 3) up-to-date.What are Crown's constitutional rights? - The Queen appointed all ministers in the Government. She summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. In the new session she makes the opening speech and outlines her government's programme. She gives her assent to bills before they become law. She confers peerages and other honors.What is the core of the leadership ofthe British government?- The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government. What does the Cabinet consist of?- The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the Lord President of the Privy council, the heads of the most important Departments and a few ministers without portfolios.。
英美概况课后题答案简答题
• 1. How is the American population distributed
• The distribution of the American population is rather uneven. The most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The Great Plains have a comparatively small population. The South also has a population of almost 57.5 million. The West is not densely populated expect for some metropolitan center like Los Angeles and San Francisco. It has about 20%of the nation’s population.
• 1. How does an American university choose its applicants
• American universities choose applicants on the basis of : a their high school records; b recommendations from their high school teachers; c the impression they make during interviews at the university; d their scores on the SAT.
• 2. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture
2015春华南师范大学《英语国家概况》在线练习及满分答案
2015春华南师范大学《英语国家概况》在线练习及满分答案1．第7题Which of the following is NOT true about life peers?A.They are not from the aristocratic families.B.They cannot sit in the House of Lords.C.They earned their titles through their outstanding achievement.D.the titles cannot be inherited by their children.标准答案：B2．第10题The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by ____.A.King ArthurB.Robin HoodC.Oliver CromwellD.William the Conqueror标准答案：D3．第11题Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ___.A.there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B.there was no Bill of Rights.C.the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D.“Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.标准答案：A4．第12题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Wales was invaded by the RomansB.Wales was occupied by the Anglo-SaxonsC.Wales was conquered by the NormansD.Wales was threatened by the English标准答案：B5．第13题Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?A.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B.The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.C.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.标准答案：A6．第26题Which one of the following does NOT belong to the Protestant Church?A.QuakersB.PuritansC.BaptistsD.Catholics标准答案：D7．第27题Who is the leader of the Conservative party at present?A.Tony BlairB.Gordon BrownC.Margret ThatcherD.David Cameron标准答案：D8．第28题Who was the author of the popular play The Melting Pot which was associated with life in America since the late 18th century?A.Mark Twain.B.Stephen Crane.C.Henry James.D.Israel Zangwill.标准答案：D9．第29题Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution?A.It is a written document which lists out the basic principles forgovernment.B.It is the foundation of British governance today.C.Conventions and Laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D.The common laws are part of the Constitution.标准答案：A10．第42题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern IrelandB.Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called UnionistsC.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in BritainD.Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists 标准答案：C11．第43题Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?A.Baidu.B.Facebook.C.Teachbook.D.MySpace.标准答案：B12．第44题Which of the following is NOT a feature of the House of Lords?A.Lords do not receive salaries and many do not attend Parliament sittings.B.It consists of the Lords Spiritual and the Lords Temporal.C.The lords are expected to represent the interests of the public.D.Most of the lords in the House of Lords are males.标准答案：C13．第45题During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as ____ at bus stations in the South.A.Free speechB.sit-ins at lunch countersC.Teach-ins at interstate train stationsD.freedom rides标准答案：D14．第46题The following were the founding fathers of the American Republic except ____.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.William PennD.Benjamin Franklin标准答案：C15．第47题Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true?A.It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B.It prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.C.It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D.It is known as a party of high taxation levels.标准答案：D16．第2题In the early 20th century, those dominating American life were mostly W ASPs.标准答案：正确17．第3题In the US, scientific and economic advance and rising material progress have been accompanied by a decline in religious observance.标准答案：错误18．第4题The president has the authority to appoint federal judges, and all such court appointment are subject to confirmation by the House ofRepresentatives.标准答案：正确19．第5题When the civil rights movement began, non-violent, direct action tactics like " sit-ins" and boycotts were he chief vehicle for social protest.标准答案：正确20．第6题Queen Elizabeth II is both the head of the state and the head of government in the UK.标准答案：错误21．第20题There are more Catholics thatn Protestants in the US.标准答案：错误22．第21题Horse racing is the true royal sport.标准答案：正确23．第22题The state of Hawaii is a big island in the central Pacific Ocean.标准答案：错误24．第23题Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. 标准答案：正确25．第24题The stereotype of the English gentleman never applied to the majority of the British people.标准答案：正确26．第37题According the First Amendament to the Constitution of the United States, there would be a state-supported religion.标准答案：错误27．第38题The Commonwealth of Nations includes all European countries.标准答案：错误28．第39题There is more violence in the US than in other industrialized countries.标准答案：正确29．第40题Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.标准答案：正确30．第41题All secondary schools in Britain are run and supervised by the government.标准答案：错误31．第1题In 1215, some barons and the Chruch forced King John to sign the ____ to place some limits on the King' s poer.标准答案：Great Charter32．第8题1968 was a violent and tragic year in US history in which ______ and ____ were assassinated.标准答案：Kennedy, Martin Luthur King33．第9题BBC stands for ___.标准答案：British Broadcasting Company34．第17题A ___ system is one in which power is shared between central authority and its constituent parts.标准答案：federal35．第18题Public and private colleges depend on three sources of income: student tuition fee, ____ and government funding.标准答案：endowments36．第19题normally, a british government can be in power for ___ years, ａnd then it has to resign ａnd hold a general election.标准答案：537．第25题In Northern Ireland, if you support the Queen, you are called a ___; if you want Northern Ireland to remain part of the UK, you are called ____.标准答案：loyalist, unionist38．第34题In Northern Ireland, most Irish population are ____ while most British populatin are Protestants.标准答案：Catholic39．第35题The native people in the American continents are the ___.标准答案：Indians40．第36题In 1689, Parliament passed _____to ensure that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.标准答案：the Bill of Rights41．第14题Senator标准答案：参议员42．第15题Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SATs)标准答案：学习能力测试43．第16题Commonwealth of Nations标准答案：英联邦44．第30题community college标准答案：社区学院45．第31题Check and Balance标准答案：权力制衡46．第32题The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 标准答案：大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国您的答案：题目分数：2.0此题得分：0.047．第33题compulsory education标准答案：义务教育48．第48题The Bullet and the Ballot Box标准答案：暴力和民主手段49．第49题credit标准答案：学分50．第50题Eton Public School 标准答案：伊顿公学题目分数：2.0。
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons a nd the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 markedthe beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarterof the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuitionfees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of themare regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ? The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrantscame in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese a ir raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.-known contributions during his presidency?2. What were Nixon’s wella) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?led for reductions in income taxes and business taxes Reagan’s economic program calin order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore,they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth.When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing thefruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and becamea powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or nationallaws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rightslaws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffereda recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policieseconomic development on its right mentioned above helped to set the country’scourse, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abusesof the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
2015春华南师范大学《英语国家概况》在线作业及满分答案-更新
2015春华南师范大学《英语国家概况》在线作业及满分答案1．第1题In the examination called “the 11 plus”, students with academic potential go to ____.A.grammar schools.prehensive schools.C.public schools.D.technical schools.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.02．第2题Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sinn Fein is a legal political party in Northern IrelandB.Those who want to unite Northern Ireland with Britain are called UnionistsC.The Social Democratic and Labour Party is a very important political party in BritainD.Those who show their loyalty to the British Crown are called Loyalists您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.03．第3题The following were the main Reformation leaders except _____.A.Martin LutherB.Martin Luther KingC.John CalvinD.The English King Henry VIII您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.04．第4题Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the War of Independence was over, ___.A.each new state had its own government.B.each new state made its own laws and handled all of its internal affairs.C.the national government was called the Congress with little power.D.the relationships between the states and the national government were clearly defined.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.05．第5题Which of the following is NOT guaranteed in the Bill of Rights?A.The freedom of religion.B.The freedom of searching a person’s home by police.C.The freedom of speech and of the press.D.The right to own weapons if one wishes.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.06．第6题During the early stages of the civil rights movement, the major integration strategy initiated by the Congress of Racial Equality was known as ____ at bus stations in the South.A.Free speechB.sit-ins at lunch countersC.Teach-ins at interstate train stationsD.freedom rides题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.07．第7题The theory of American politics and the American Revolution originated mainly from ___.A.George WashingtonB.Thomas JeffersonC.John AdamsD.John Locke您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.08．第8题The main mountain range in the west of the US stretching from the Canadian border to New Mexico is ___.A.the Appalachian MountainsB.the Rocky MountainsC.the Green MountainsD.the Blue Ridge Mountains您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.09．第9题Which of the following is NOT included in the National curriculum?A.Children must study the subjects like English, mathematics, science and so on.B.Children must sit in A-level exams.C.Children must pass national tests.D.Teachers must teach what they are told题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.010．第10题A free press is considered very important to the functioning of parliamentary democracy because _____.A.it plays a watchdog function, keeping an eye on the government.B.it informs people of current affairs in the world.C.it provides people with subjective reports.D.it publishes short pamphlets for Parliament.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.011．第11题Which city is the capital in Scotland?A.CardiffB.EdinburghC.GlasgowD.Manchester您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.012．第12题When did Scotland join the Union by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments?A.In 1715B.In 1688C.In 1745D.In 1707题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.013．第13题Which of the following is NOT a true description of the Queen’s role?A.The Queen selects the Prime Minister and the Cabinet.B.The Queen symbolises the tradition and unity of the British state.C.The Queen acts as a confidante to the Prime Minister.D.The Queen is the temporal head of the Church of England.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.014．第14题Which of the following description about the Conservative party is NOT true?A.It has been in power for an unusually long period of time.B.It prefers policies that protect individual’s rights.C.It receives a lot of the funding from big companies.D.It is known as a party of high taxation levels.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.015．第15题What happened in 1215?A.It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.B.Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.C.Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.D.King Egbert united England under his rule.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.016．第16题In Britain, children from the age of 5 to 16 ______.A.can legally receive partly free education.B.can legally receive completely free education.C.can not receive free education at all.D.can not receive free education if their parents are rich.您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.017．第17题Which of the following websites are meant to cater to young tastes?A.Baidu.B.Facebook.C.Teachbook.D.MySpace.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.018．第18题Which one of the following does NOT belong to the Protestant Church?A.QuakersB.PuritansC.BaptistsD.Catholics您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.019．第19题Which of the following is NOT true about Britain?A.It used to be a powerful imperial country in the worldB.It plays an active role as a member of the European UnionC.It is a relatively wealthy and developed countryD.It used to be one of the superpowers in the world您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.020．第20题The Tower of London, a historical sight, located in the centre of London, was built by ____.A.King ArthurB.Robin HoodC.Oliver CromwellD.William the Conqueror您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.021．第21题Who were the ancestors of the English and the founders of England?A.The Anglo-SaxonsB.The NormansC.The VikingsD.The Romans您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.022．第22题Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well-known in the world for ___.A.its most famous landmark, the “Giant’s Causeway”B.its rich cultural lifeC.its low living standardsD.its endless political problems您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.023．第23题Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?A.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.B.It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.C.It is the oldest representative democracy in the world.D.It has no written form of constitution您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.024．第24题Under whose reign was the Bill of Rights passed?A.James IB.William of Orange.C.Oliver CromwellD.George 1您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.025．第25题Which of the following agreement is accepted by both Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland?A.The Anglo-Irish AgreementB.The Belfast AgreementC.The Good Friday AgreementD.The Multi-Party Agreement您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.026．第26题According to the Good Friday Agreement, Northern Ireland today should be governed by the following jurisdictions except _____.A.the jurisdiction of the Republic of IrelandB.The jurisdiction of loyalist ministersC.The jurisdiction of Great BritainD.The jurisdiction of Northern Ireland您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.027．第27题Which of the following statements is NOT correct?A.There are no legal restraints upon Parliament.B.Strictly speaking, the Queen is part of the Parliament.C.Parliament has the supreme power of passing laws.D.Parliament has no power to change the terms of the Constitution.您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.028．第28题Which group of people cannot vote in the general election?A.Members in the House of Commons.B.Lords in the House of Lords.C.The UK citizens above the age of 18.D.The UK resident citizens of the Irish Republic.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.029．第29题How many seats in the House of Commons should a party hold at least in order to win in the election?A.651B.326C.626D.351您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.030．第30题Who is the leader of the Conservative party at present?A.Tony BlairB.Gordon BrownC.Margret ThatcherD.David Cameron您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.031．第31题Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities in the UK?A.They are well represented in the British Parliament.B.They are economically poorer than the white population.C.They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D.They are threatened by some racist groups.题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.032．第32题By whom is a “vote of no confidence” deci ded?A.The House of Commons.B.The House of Lords.C.The two major parties.D.The Prime Minister.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.033．第33题Which of the following statements is NOT correct? When the Constitution was written, ___.A.there was a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.B.there was no Bill of Rights.C.the Constitution did not have any words guaranteeing the freedoms or the basic rights and privileges of citizens.D.“Bill of Rights” was added to the Constitution 4 years after the Constitution was made.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.034．第34题The majority of American Christians belong to the ____ church.A.CatholicB.OrthodoxC.Protestant题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.035．第35题The expenditure in American public schools is guided or decided by ____.A.teachersB.studentsC.headmastersD.boards of education您的答案：D题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.036．第36题Three of the following factors have contributed to the flourishing of large universities in America, which is the exception?rge universities offer the best libraries and facilities for scientific research.rge universities provide students with “mainframe” computers.rge universities offer scholarships to all students.rge universities attract students with modern laboratories.您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.037．第37题To get a bach elor’s degree, an American undergraduate student is required to do the following except ____.A.attending lectures and complete assignmentsB.passing examinationsC.taking certain subjects such as history, language and philosophyD.earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.038．第38题Which of the following statements is NOT true about blacks after the 1960s?A.Blacks felt that they could be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.B.Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.C.Blacks felt more and more proud of themselves.D.Blacks felt that “black is beautiful.”您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.039．第39题Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A.The executive.B.The legislative.C.The judicial.D.The president您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.040．第40题The reason why many American young people were involved in the social movements of the 1960s was that ____.A.They resented traditional white male values in US society.B.They love America so much.C.They thought they knew better than their teachers.D.They viewed the adult world with grave doubt.题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.041．第41题The New Deal was started by ___.A.Franklin Roosevelt.B.J.F. KennedyC.George WashingtonD.Thomas Jefferson您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.042．第42题If a student wants to go to university in Britain, he will take the examination called ____.A.General Certificate of Education – Advanced.B.General Certificate of Secondary Education.C.the common entrance examination.D.General National V ocational Qualifications.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.043．第43题Where are international tennis championships held in the UK?A.Wembley.B.WimbledonC.London.D.Edinburgh您的答案：B题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.044．第44题“No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of ____.A.The settlers of VirginiaB.The people of Pennsylvania.C.The colonists in New EnglandD.The people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution 您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.045．第45题Which of the following kings was executed in the civil war?A.James IB.James IIC.Charles ID.Charles II您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.046．第46题Which of the following remarks is NOT true about Hawaii?A.Hawaii is made up of a large group of big and small islands.B.There are numerous active volcanoes in Hawaii.C.More than 40% of the local residents in Hawaii are American Asians.D.The Japanese attacked Pear Harbor on December 7, 1941.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristics of Britain?A.Economic differences between north and southB.Differences of social systems between Scotland and WalesC.Class differencs between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.D.Cultural differences between immigrants and the British您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.048．第48题Three of the following are characteristics of London, Which of the four is the EXCEPTION?A.London is a political, economic and cultural centre of the countryB.London has a larger population than all other cities in EnglandC.London is not only the largest city in Britain, but also the largest in the worldD.London has played a significant role in the economic construction of the country您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.049．第49题Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students in the US?A.Mathematics and languages.B.Politics and business education.C.Science and social studies.D.Music and physical education.您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0Historic moment of the civil rights movement was the March on Washington of August 28, 1963 when _______ delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech.A.President JohnsonB.President LincolnC.Martin Luther King, Jr.D.Mario Savio您的答案：C题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.051．第51题Which of the following is NOT the reason for the higher arrest rates among minority groups?A.The aggressive nature of these groups.B.Racial prejudice against them.C.Low social status of these groups.D.Poverty and unemployment among minority groups.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.052．第52题Which of the following institutions is responsible for the making of the Internet?A.The US military.B.The US entertainment industry.C.The US film industry.D.The US education sector.您的答案：A题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.0Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Wales was invaded by the RomansB.Wales was occupied by the Anglo-SaxonsC.Wales was conquered by the NormansD.Wales was threatened by the English您的答案：B题目分数：2.0此题得分：2.054．第54题Which of the following about the tabloids is not true?A.They are big format newspapers.B.They are often called “the gutter press”.C.They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D.They carry stories with colour photos and catchy headlines.您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.055．第55题Which of the following about the BBC is NOT true?A.There is no advertising on any of the BBC programmes.B.The BBC is funded by licence fees paid by people who possess television sets.C.The BBC has four channels.D.The BBC provides the World Service throughout the world.您的答案：C题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.056．第56题In the 17th century,the English government encouraged people from Scotland and Northern England to emigrate to the north of Ireland, because ____.A.they wanted to increase its control over IrelandB.they had too many people and di dn’t have enough space for them to five in BritainC.they intended to expand their investmentD.they believed that Ireland was the best place for them您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.057．第57题In the early 1970s, the IRA _____.A.killed many Protestants and CatholicsB.burned down the houses of CatholicsC.murdered individuals at randomD.carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as their、main target您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.058．第58题Easter commemorates ____.A.the birth of Jesus Christ.B.the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.C.the coming of spring.D.the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.059．第59题Which of the following is NOT true about the electoral campaigns?A.Big parties can buy time to broadcast their policies on the television.B.There is a limit on the amount of money candidates can spend in their constituencycampaign.C.Candidates and their supporters go door-to-door persuading voters to vote for them.D.Candidates criticize each other’s poli cies to show how good their own policies are. 您的答案：A题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.060．第60题Which of the following is a privately funded university in Britain?A.The University of Cambridge.B.The University of OxfordC.The University of Edinburgh.D.The University of Buckingham.您的答案：D题目分数：1.0此题得分：1.0作业总得分：100.0作业总批注：。
英美概况课后练习答案
Britain version2.0Part One GeographyChapter I A brief introduction to physical geography Where is the U. K. ? And what is it made up of? What is its total area? -The U. K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers. What are the present features of the climate of Britain?- Britain has a maritime c1imate-- winters are not too cold and summers are: not too hot. Therefore, its temperature varies within a small range, rarely falling below -5'C in winter or rising about 24'C in summer. Sunshine hours are fewer in more southerlyclimatesThe "backbone of England": It refers tothe Pennines, a range of hills extending about 257 km southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England.What percentage of the country's water requirements are obtained from underground sources?-About 38% of the country's water requirements depend on underground sources.Chapter III EconomyWhat are the characteristics of the British economy?-The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world's most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world's foreign trade. The agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country's basicneeds and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.Chapter V The Main CitiesWhich city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?-London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.What does London consist of administratively?-London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.Greater London: It is a metropolitan county (pop. 7 million), made up of 12Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.Part Three CultureChapter I EducationHow many years does a pupil study at a primary state school?-Six years, from the age of five to eleve n. Which type of schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education?- Grammar schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary educatio n.How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones? -There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-aged universities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and Buckingham University (independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most famous in the world.How are" public" schools financed?-Public schools in the UK are financed mainly by fees paid by parents and private funds.Eton College: It is one of the largest independent secondary schools in England and one of the most prestigious. How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family"?-British society is based on family life and the family is a self-contained economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent famil y.How do the newlyweds solve the problem of housing?-1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent. 2) They may mortgage a house through a building societ y. 3) If they have enough moneythey may buy a house, but this seldom happens.What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food?-The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup .It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course Can you show us an example of the conservative characteristic of the British people?-One example is that the British people have been slow adopting rational reforms, such as the metric syste m. Some people say that the Englishman is like a cold fish that has just come out of the ice. What do you thi nk of that?-This may be true. The British people are cold by nature. They do not show their feelings very much and do not show their emotion if they are very happy and neither do they if they are sad. For example,when you work at a factory, the guy whom you work with never tells you anything about himself. You may work with him for years, yet you even don't know where he lives, how many children he has and what his interests are.fierce individualism: It is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights. exclusiveness: This is the best -known quality of the British people .It means, "I am English. You stay away from me. I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be: myself. I do not need you. Leave mealone."Chapter III Customs and Habits What did John Bull denote in the seventeenth century and what is his image?-John Bull denotes Britain or any Englishman in the 17th century. His image is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and pair of boots on his feet. Whydoes an Englishman like to talk about the weather?-There are probably two reasons. One is the uncertainty of the weather. Another reason is that weather is a subject which is quite safe, friendly to talk. about.What are the three "Don'ts"? And three "ings"?-Three "Don'ts": Don't jump up the queue. Don't ask a woman's age. Don't try to bargain in Britain when you do shopping. Three" Ings": betting, drinking and tippi ng.John Bull: It is the nickname of England or a typical Englishma n.Chapter IV Holidays and Festivals How long approximately do the industrial workers have for holidays? -The industrial workers have at least four weeks' paid holida y.How do the English people usually spend holidays?-They usually spend their holidays at the resorts of the seaside. There they have swimming, bathing, or have other kinds of amusement, such as shooting, roundabouts, watching a beauty contest, going to a concert or a part y. And some of the people go abroad for sightseeing. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?-Christmas Day is the greatest festival in Britain. Its significance? is to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25.Christmas: Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating it as the birth of Jesus Christ. It is basically, a home or family festival. Those who live away try to get back home to: celebrate the day with the famil y. People send presents; cards to each other especiallychildren have their presents from Santa Claus. People usually have al sumptuous dinner, many kinds of amusement. Chapter V Wages and Social Benefits How long is the standard working week usually in Britain?-The standard working week is usually thirty-five and forty hours, and often spread over five days, from Monday to Frida y.What is the difference between wages and Salary?-Wages is payment made or received for work or services, usually week in cash. Salary is payment for regular work, usually monthl y.How many kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom?-There are mainly six kinds of pensions in the United Kingdo m. They are Occupational Pension, Personal Pension,State Pension, Pension Credit, Over 80 Pension and Stakeholder Pensio n. What are the three main groups of Christianity? Which group does the Church of England belong to?-The three groups of Christianity are Catholicism, the Orthodox Eastern Church, and Protestantis m. The Church of England belongs to Protestantis m. What are the main features and tendencies of religion in Britain?-The main features are: 1) There is no "Christian" political party, no ant i-religious or ant i-clerical party either. 2) There is a widespread interest in religion. The main tendencies of religion in Britain are 1) the unity among the churches, 2) more social, 3) up-to-date.What are Crown's constitutional rights? -The Queen appointed all ministers in the Government. She summons, prologuesand dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. In the new session she makes the opening speech and outlines her government's programme. She gives her assentto bills before they become law. She confers peerages and other honors.What is the core of the leadership ofthe British government?-The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government. What does the Cabinet consist of?-The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the Lord President of the Privy council, the heads of the most important Departments and a few ministers without portfolios.。
英美概况课后习题答案
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is alsothe norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Q ueen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, itcaused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class. 3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible andpragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s? ----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for several reasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s.Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because theycan appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip aboutcelebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angeles and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot”and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more, the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and votea President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America?During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew . a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered arecession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth.Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.感谢下载!欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。
英美概况课后练习答案
Britain version2.0Part One Geography Chapter I A brief introduction tophysical geographyWhere is the U. K. ? And what is it made up of? What is its total area?- The U.K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers.What are the present features of the climate of Britain?- Britain has a maritime c1imate-- winters are not too cold and summers are: not too hot. Therefore, its temperature varies within a small range, rarely falling below -5'C in winter or rising about 24'C in summer. Sunshine hours are fewer in more southerlyclimatesThe "backbone of England": It refers to the Pennines, a range of hills extending about 257 km southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England.What percentage of the country's water requirements are obtained from underground sources?- About 38% of the country's water requirements depend on underground sources.Chapter III EconomyWhat are the characteristics of the British economy?- The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world's most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world'sforeign trade. The agriculture does not produce enough food to meet the country's basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.Chapter V The Main Cities Which city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?- London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.What does London consist of administratively?- London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.Greater London: It is a metropolitan county (pop. 7 million), made up of 12 Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.Part Three CultureChapter I EducationHow many years does a pupil study at a primary state school?- Six years, from the age of five to eleven.Which type of schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education?- Grammar schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education.How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones? - There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-aged universities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and BuckinghamUniversity (independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldest and the most famous in the world. How are" public" schools financed?- Public schools in the UK are financed mainly by fees paid by parents and private funds.Eton College: It is one of the largest independent secondary schools in England and one of the most prestigious.How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family"?- British society is based on family life and the family is a self-contained economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family.How do the newlyweds solve theproblem of housing?- 1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent. 2) They may mortgage a house through a building society. 3) If they have enough money they may buy a house, but this seldom happens.What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food?- The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup. It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course. Can you show us an example of the conservative characteristic of the British people?- One example is that the British people have been slow adopting rational reforms, such as the metric system. Some people say that the Englishman islike a cold fish that has just come out of the ice. What do you think of that?- This may be true. The British people are cold by nature. They do not show their feelings very much and do not show their emotion if they are very happy and neither do they if they are sad. For example, when you work at a factory, the guy whom you work with never tells you anything about himself. You may work with him for years, yet you even don't know where he lives, how many children he has and what his interests are.fierce individualism: It is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights. exclusiveness: This is the best-known quality of the British people. It means, " I am English. You stay away from me.I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be: myself. I do not need you. Leave mealone. "Chapter III Customs and Habits What did John Bull denote in the seventeenth century and what is his image?- John Bull denotes Britain or any Englishman in the 17th century. His image is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and pair of boots on his feet. Why does an Englishman like to talk about the weather?- There are probably two reasons. One is the uncertainty of the weather. Another reason is that weather is a subject which is quite safe, friendly to talk. about.What are the three "Don'ts"? And three "ings"?- Three "Don'ts": Don't jump up the queue. Don't ask a woman's age. Don't try to bargain in Britain when you do shopping.Three" Ings": betting, drinking and tipping.J ohn Bull: It is the nickname of England or a typical Englishman. Chapter IV Holidays and Festivals How long approximately do the industrial workers have for holidays?- The industrial workers have at least four weeks' paid holiday.How do the English people usually spend holidays?- They usually spend their holidays at the resorts of the seaside. There they have swimming, bathing, or have other kinds of amusement, such as shooting, roundabouts, watching a beauty contest, going to a concert or a party. And some of the people go abroad for sightseeing. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?- Christmas Day is the greatest festivalin Britain. Its significance• is to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25. Christmas: Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating it as the birth of Jesus Christ. It is basically, a home or family festival. Those who live away try to get back home to: celebrate the day with the family. People send presents; cards to each other especially children have their presents from Santa Claus. People usually have al sumptuous dinner, many kinds of amusement.Chapter V Wages and Social Benefits How long is the standard working week usually in Britain?- The standard working week is usually thirty-five and forty hours, and often spread over five days, from Monday to Friday.What is the difference between wages and Salary?- Wages is payment made or received for work or services, usually week in cash. Salary is payment for regular work, usually monthly.How many kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom?- There are mainly six kinds of pensions in the United Kingdom. They are Occupational Pension, Personal Pension, State Pension, Pension Credit, Over 80 Pension and Stakeholder Pension.What are the three main groups of Christianity? Which group does the Church of England belong to?- The three groups of Christianity are Catholicism, the Orthodox Eastern Church, and Protestantism. The Church of England belongs to Protestantism.What are the main features and tendencies of religion in Britain?- The main features are: 1) There is no "Christian" political party, no anti-religious or anti-clerical party either. 2) There is a widespread interest in religion. The main tendencies of religion in Britain are 1) the unity among the churches, 2) more social, 3) up-to-date.What are Crown's constitutional rights? - The Queen appointed all ministers in the Government. She summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. In the new session she makes the opening speech and outlines her government's programme. She gives her assent to bills before they become law. She confers peerages and other honors.What is the core of the leadership ofthe British government?- The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government. What does the Cabinet consist of?- The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the Lord President of the Privy council, the heads of the most important Departments and a few ministers without portfolios.。
英美概况课后习题答案全版.docx
1. What is the full name of the U.K.?----United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2. Why do tourists from all over the world like to go to Scotland?----They like to enjoy the beautiful Scottish scenery, to drink Scotch whisky and to see Scotsmen wearing kilts and playing bagpipes.3. How many periods can the development of the English language be divided into and what are they?----The development of the English language can be divided into three periods: Old English, Middle English and Modern English.4. Why did English become more important after Black Death?----The laboring and merchant classes grew in economic and social importance after the Black Death, so English also grew in importance compared to French.1. Who are the British People?----The first known inhabitants in Britain were Celts who are the ancestors of the Welsh, Scottish and Irish people. Then came the Anglos, the Saxons and the Jutes who brought with them the English language. Many people from other European countries came later, and in modern times there are a lot of immigrants from many former Commonwealth countries from every part of the world. Britain is a country of mixed cultures, and the Britain people are also composed of people from different ethic and culture backgrounds.2. What is Standard English?----Standard English is based on the speech of the upper class of southeastern England. It is widely used in media and taught at schools. It is preferred by the educated, middle-class people. It has developed and has been promoted as a model for correct Britain English. It is also the norm carried overseas. Today, Standard English is codified to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary are much the same everywhere in the world where English is taught and used.1. What are the two components of the British Parliament?----the House of Commons and the House of Lords.2. What were some of Queen Victoria's major achievement?---- Queen Victoria made tremendous achievements in almost every aspect. She promoted further industrial revolution, the building of railways and the growing of trade and commerce. By the end of her reign, Britain had developed to an empire including a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass.3. What were the two camps in Europe in World War 1?----The Central Powers which included Germany, Austria-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria and the Allied Powers which were mainly comprised of France, the Russia Empire, the Britain Empire, Italy and the United States.4. Why did Britain cooperate closely with the United States after World War 2?----Because they were allied during the war and shared the same worries about the former Soviet Union.1. What were the results of the Industrial Revolution in Britain?----The Industrial Revolution changed Britain in many ways. First, industrial country increased dramatically. Britain became the most advanced industrial country and also the financial center in the world. Second, urbanization took place. Many new cities sprang up. Third, it caused great changes in the class structure. The old social classes declined, and new ones emerged and developed.2. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire?----Colonization of Newfoundland, the first British colony overseas, in 1583 marked the beginning of the British Empire. By 1837, British had long been an empire which included the colonies in Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India and many small states in the West Indies. By the end of 19th century, the British Empire included a quarter of the global population and nearly a quarter of the world's landmass. During the mid-19th century, the British government consolidated the existing colonies by bringing them under the direct control of the government. Before World War 1, Britain had the largest colonial empire in the world. However, Britain suffered great loss to its manpower in the two World Wars and exhausted its reserves of gold, dollars and overseas investment. Most of Britain's colonies gained independence since the 1940s, which inevitably led to the fall the Empire.1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons?----to draft laws, to scrutinize, criticize and restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy.2. Why is the Conservative Party sometimes called the "Right"?----Because the Conservative Party is supported by landowners and businessmen, who are often from the middle and upper-middle class.3. What kind of public image does Liberal Democrats have in Britain?----The Liberal Democrats is perceived as "middle" between the Conservative and the Labor Party. It is comparatively flexible and pragmatic in its balance of the individual and the social. It emphasizes the need for a change in Britain's constitutional arrangements to make the government more democratic and accountable.4. Why are independent candidates unlikely to win in the general election?----Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote for independent candidates.1. What do British electoral campaigns usually involve during the process of a general election?----The electoral campaigns usually involve advertising in newspapers, door-to-door campaigning and leaflets. The main parties are given short periods of time on national television to present their policies to the public. Apart from the parties' own publicity, newspapers and TV programs spend a lot of time discussing the campaign, interviewing politicians, and predicting the results.2. What is the Commonwealth of Nations?----The Commonwealth of Nations is a voluntary association of independent sovereign states, all of which acknowledge the British monarch as the head. The Commonwealth is not a political union of any sort, and its member states have full autonomy to manage their internal and external affairs. It is primarily an organization in which countries with diverse economic backgrounds have an opportunity for close and equal interaction after gaining independence. The major activities of the Commonwealth are designed to advocate democracy, human rights, and to promote economic cooperation and growth within its members.1. What was the negative aspect of Thatcher's reform in the early 1980s?----Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. In 1982, the unemployment rate reached the level of the Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.2. What are the characteristics of Britain's agriculture?----British's agriculture is characterized by a small portion of the population engaged in agricultural activities with a high degree of mechanization. Although it employs a mere 1% of the country's labor force, it meets around 60% of the national demands.3. What happened to Britain's beef industry in the mid-1990s?----British's beef industry was hit badly by BSE, resulting in a ban on beef exports in 1996.4. What are some of the popular tourist attraction in Britain?----The popular tourist attractions in English include: the Dorset and the East Devon Coast, the Lake District, Stonehenge, Windsor Castle, university towns of Oxford and Cambridge, Tower of London, St. Paul's Cathedral and so on.1. What were the major causes of Britain's relative economic decline in the postwar period?----British's economy experienced a relative decline in the postwar period for severalreasons. First, British suffered a great losses in the two World Wars and had gone heavily into debt to finance the war. Second, the era of the British Empire was over. India and other British colonies, which provided raw material and large market for British goods, gained their independence. Third, British was forced to maintain an expensive military presence in many overseas locations until the end of 1960s. Fourth, British had to make substantial financial contributions to NATO and UN Security Council. Finally, British failed to invest in industry after World War 2 whereas its competitors like Germany and Japan caught up with British buy investing in the most modern equipment and means of production.2. Why do developed nations like Britain encourage the development of the service industry?----The service industry has played an increasingly important role in economy in the development countries. On the other hand ,it requires a large group of people working in it so that abundant employment opportunities are provided. On the other hand, the service industry causes little pollution.1. What used to be the major functions of grammar schools and vocational schools in Britain?----The major functions of grammar schools were to train the most academically capable students and prepare them for university, whereas the major functions of vocational schools were to help less successful students to learn a trade.2. What kind of subjects do Britain comprehensive schools provide?----British comprehensive schools provide a general education, offering both academic subjects like literature and science, and practical subjects like cooking and carpentry.3. In what ways do Britain universities enjoy complete academic freedom?----British universities enjoy complete academic freedom because they can appoint their own staff, decide which students to admit, provide their own courses and award their own degrees.4. How do students in the Open University receive their education?----The students follow university courses through textbooks, TV and radio broadcasts, correspondence, video, and a network of study centers.5. What role does the media play in Britain leisure culture?----The media plays an essential role in British leisure culture since it helps to shape the public's opinion, determine people's moral and political orientation and consolidate or undermine the rule of a government.1. What are the general feature of Britain's independent schools?----British's independent schools require fees from students. Although the National Curriculum is optional in the independent system, most independent schools teach what the curriculum demands. Independent schools get their funding through tuition fees as well as government assistance. Since they are generally better-funded than most state schools, they can recruit the best teachers and provide superior facilities. However, high tuition fees have become an obstacle for many students to enroll.2. The "quality press" and the "tabloids" in Britain?----Among the 10 daily published national newspapers in British, about half of them are regarded as the "quality press" since they carry in-depth articles of particular political and social importance, and reviews and feature articles about "high culture", and they are generally read by well-educated people. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph are good cases in point of the quality press. The "tabloids", with color photos and striking headlines, usually cover scandals and gossip about celebrities in politics, sports and entertainment. A typical example is The News of the World.Chapter 81. How is the American population distributed?The distribution of the American population is rather uneven the most densely populated region is the northeastern part of the country. The great plains have a comparatively small population .the south also has a population of almost 57.5million. the west is not densely populated ,except for some metropolitan centers like los Angele s and san Francisco . it has about 20% of the nation’s population.2. Why was the immigration act of 1942 instituted ?The new immigrants in the united states , being poor and accustomed to poverty , were willing to work for very low wages .this made other workers afraid that the immigrants would ls and take jobs away from them . this opposition led to the immigration act of 1942.1．Why is the United States regarded as a”melting pot” and a ”salad bowl” ?The United States is not merely a nation, but a nation of nations. The immigrants came in waves, including the Europeans, the Africans and the Asians. Therefore, America is described as a "melting pot" where various racial and ethnic groups are assimilate into American culture. Recently, America has been called a "salad bowl" in that people of difference races and ethnic groups mix harmoniously, but at the same time keep their distinct culture and customs.2．What do you think is the best way to help assimilation in a multicultural society?The best possible way to help assimilation in a multicultural society is to be open and tolerant toward different cultures. People from different racial and ethnic backgrounds should respect each other. Society should create opportunities to help immigrants become assimilated. At the same time the immigrants should keep their own language, customs and religion, contributing to the diversity of a multicultural society.Chapter 91. Why did American change its policy and enter world war II?Because of the formation of the axis , the American government feared that the axis countries were wining the war and it might threaten America’s security and interests . it began to provide war equipment to the foreign nations resisting the aggression of the axis power . the Japanese air raid on pearl harbor became the direct cause for America’s entrance into the war.2. What were Nixon’s well-known contributions during his presidency?a) brought the Vietnam war to a closeb)reestablishing U.S. relations with chinac) negotiating the firststrategic arms limitation treaty with the former soviet union .3. What were the contents of Reagan’s economic program?Reagan’s economic program called for reductions in income taxes and business taxes in order to encourage investment , and it also requested that many government regulations be eliminated so as to reduce the federal government’s role in the day-to-day operation of business.1. What was the cause of the American Civil War?The Southern planters of America needed a large number of black African slaves to manage their plantations and they regarded the slaves as their property. In the North, with the development of industry, there was a growing demand for free labor. What’s more,the Northerners demanded a law to protect tariffs and asked the government to finance the building of railways and roads. But the Southerners were against it and advocated free trade so as to purchase cheaper goods from foreign countries. The accumulating conflicts led to the division of the North and the South and finally the American Civil War.2. What made the United States a powerful country by the end of World War II?During the two World Wars, America remained neutral in the early stage. However, Americans continued their profitable trade with the warring countries. Therefore, they not only retained their military forces, but also accumulated great wealth. When America entered the wars, it was almost at the end of the wars. By sharing the fruit of victory with other allies, America greatly strengthened its power and became a powerful country by the end of World War II.Chapter 101. What are the two characteristics of the U.S. constitution?One is “checks and balances”, the other is that the power of the central government and the powers of state governments are specified.2. What are the qualifications for a senator and a representative respectively?A senator must be over 30 years old , a U.S. citizen for at least nine years, and a resident in the state which they represent . a representative should be at least 25 years old and a U.S. citizen for no less than seven years.3. What are the major powers of the supreme court?a) to interpret lawsb) to hear appeals from any federal court cases;c) to hear appeals from state court cases that involve the constitution or national laws d) may declare a law unconstitutionale) may declare a presidential act unconstitutional4. What is the difference between the democrats and the republicans in terms of political opinions?The democrats want the government to play an important role in the economy and emphasize full employment as a matter of national concern they favor civil rights laws , a strong social security system which gives enterprises a greater freedom and demand that the government control inflation. They stress the need for law and order, and oppose complete government social programs and free choice of abortion they also favor a strong military posture and assertive stand in international relations.1. How is the American President voted into office? What are your ideas about the American election?Each party holds its national convention every four years to choose a candidate for presidency. To win a presidential election, a candidate has to spend millions of dollars, travel all over the country to make speeches and debate on television with the rival. The general election is technically divided into two stages. During the first stage, presidential electors for each state will be chosen. In the second stage the electors meet and vote a President. Since the second stage is only a kind of formality, everyone knows who will be the next President an soon as the first stage is over.I think the candidates spend too much money on the electoral campaigns. And, the election cannot solve the social and economic problems of the U.S. as some candidates do not keep their word after they become President.2. What was President Eisenhowers foreign policy and what were the consequences ?President Eisenhower made vigorous efforts to wage the Cold War. He placed new emphasis on developing nuclear strength to prevent the outbreak of war. He also frequently authorized the CIA to undertake secret interventions to overthrow unfriendly governments or protect reliable anti-communist leaders whose power was threatened. The CIA helped topple the governments of Iran and Guatemala, but it suffered an embarrassing failure in Indonesia. In addition, Eisenhower used U.S. power and prestige to help create a non-communist government in South Vietnam, which brought disastrous long-term consequences to the United States.Chapter 111. What industry developments took place during the colonial period of America? During the colonial period ,the secondary industries developed as the colonies grew .a variety of specialized sawmills and gristmills appeared. Colonists established shipyards to build fishing fleets and trading vessels . they also built small iron forges . by the 18th century , regional patterns of development in America had become clear.2. How did the civil war affect the American economy?After the civil war , the large southern cotton plantations became much less profitable . northern industries , which had expanded rapidly because of the demands of the war ,surged ahead.3. Why does America try to reduce trade barriers?Because the united states has increasingly realized that open bilateral trade will not only advance its own economic interests, but also enhance domestic stability and its peaceful relationship with other nations.1. How did the U.S constitution lay the groundwork for American’s economic development ?The U.S. Constitution, as an economic charter, established that the entire nation was a unified or "common" market. There were no tariffs or taxes on interstate commerce. It provided that the federal government could regulate commerce with foreign nations and among the states, establish uniform bankruptcy laws, create money and regulate its value, fix standards of weights and measures, establish post office and roads, and fix rules governing patents and copyrights. The last-mentioned clause was an early recognition of the importance of "intellectual property", a matter that began assuming great importance in trade negotiations since the late 20thcentury.2. Cite examples to illustrate the role of government intervention in America's economic development.The government has always played an active and important role in America’s economic development. In the early 1930s,thr United States suffered the worst economic depression in American history. President Roosevelt introduced the New Deal to tackle the financial crisis. Besides, he set up the New York State Emergency Relief Commission to help those in desperate need and tried to relieve the serious problems of the jobless. At the end of 1970s, the American economy again suffered a recession. The Reagan administration combated inflation by controlling government spending deficit, cutting taxes and raising interest rates. Both policies mentioned above helped to set the country’s economic development on its right course, In all, the intervention of the government has ensured that economic opportunities are fair and accessible to the people. It has prevented flagrant abuses of the system, dampened the effects of inflation and stimulated economic growth. Chapter 121. How does an American university choose its applicants?a)their high school records;b) recommendations from their high school teachers;c) the impression they make during interviews at the university;d) their scores on the SAT.2. What functions do American higher education institutions perform?Higher education institutions in the united states have three functions: teaching , research and public service , and each has its own emphasis with regard to its function .3. What similarities do four famous university share?They all have a long history , they all have an excellent faculty , a large number of students and have made extensive academic achievements. Some of their graduates are very successful or influential in some areas such as politics, arts and business.4. What are the origins of thanksgiving day?Thanksgiving is associated with the time when Europeans first came to the new world , in 1620,the mayflower arrived and brought about 150 pilgrims. Life at the beginning was very hard and there was not enough food , so many of them died. During the following summer the native America helped them and then they had a bountiful harvest. So they held a big celebration to thank god and the native Americans.1. What are the ideals that guide the American educational system?The first ideal is that as many people as possible should receive as much education as possible .The second ideal is that of ptoducing a society that is totally literate and of local control . The third ideal is that scholars and students should work to discover new information or conceive new ways to understand what is already known .2. How does America carry out multicultural education?American schools routinely teach the experiences and values of many ethnic cultures. Current textbooks incorporate a variety of ethnic individuals who have achieved success. Struggle for equality are vividly depicted, and past racism is bluntly acknowledged. Cultural pluralism is now generally recognized as the organizing principle of education.Schools at all levels offer students opportunities to learn about different cultures.。
英美概况课后练习答案
Britain version2.0Part One GeographyChapter I A brief introduction to physical geography Where is the U. K. ? And what is it made up of? What is its total area? -The U. K. is situated in Northwestern Europe, lying to the north of France and the west of the Netherlands and Denmark. It is made up of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Its total area is 242 534 square kilometers.What are the present features of the climate of Britain?- Britain has a maritime c1imate-- winters are not too cold and summers are: not too hot. Therefore, its temperature varies within a small range, rarely falling below -5'C in winter or rising about 24'C in summer. Sunshine hours are fewer in more southerlyclimatesThe "backbone of England": It refers to the Pennines, a range of hills extending about 257 km southward from the Cheviot Hills on the Scottish border to central England.What percentage of the country's water requirements are obtained from underground sources?-About 38% of the country's water requirements depend on underground sources.Chapter III EconomyWhat are the characteristics of the British economy?-The British economy was the first to have been fully industrialized. Britain was one of the world's most advanced manufacturing and trading nations. The pound sterling is the exchange currency for about one third of the world's foreign trade. The agriculture does not produceenough food to meet the country's basic needs and part of all vital foodstuffs has to be imported. The labor force is homogeneous.Chapter V The Main CitiesWhich city is the capital of England and Great Britain? Is it the political centre of the Commonwealth?-London is the capital of England, and it is also the political centre of the Commonwealth.What does London consist of administratively?-London administratively consists of the city of London, the original nucleus, retaining a medieval system of government of courts of aldermen and an elected lord mayor; and Greater London a metropolitan county, made up of Inner London boroughs and 20 Outer London boroughs.Greater London: It is a metropolitancounty (pop. 7 million), made up of 12 Inner London boroughs, 20 Outer London boroughs.Part Three CultureChapter I EducationHow many years does a pupil study at a primary state school?-Six years, from the age of five to eleve n.Which type of schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary education?- Grammar schools enrolls the top pupils at secondary educatio n.How many types of universities are there in Britain? Which two universities are the most famous ones? -There are five types: 1) old universities, 2) the four Scottish universities, 3): the middle-aged universities, 4) the new universities, 5) the Open University, and Buckingham University (independent university). Oxford and Cambridge are the oldestand the most famous in the world.How are" public" schools financed?-Public schools in the UK are financed mainly by fees paid by parents and private funds.Eton College: It is one of the largest independent secondary schools in England and one of the most prestigious. How do you understand "Marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent family"?-British society is based on family life and the family is a self-contained economic and social unit with mother, father and children living together alone in their own house. So marriage signifies the beginning of a new and independent famil y.How do the newlyweds solve the problem of housing?-1) They look through advertisements to find a house for rent. 2) They maymortgage a house through a building societ y. 3) If they have enough money they may buy a house, but this seldom happens.What is the first course of an English lunch? Do you think it similar or different from the Chinese way of serving food? -The first course of an English lunch is a small quantity of soup .It is different from the Chinese way of serving food. In China this is usually the last course Can you show us an example of the conservative characteristic of the British people?-One example is that the British people have been slow adopting rational reforms, such as the metric syste m. Some people say that the Englishman is like a cold fish that has just come out of the ice. What do you thi nk of that?-This may be true. The British people are cold by nature. They do not show theirfeelings very much and do not show their emotion if they are very happy and neither do they if they are sad. For example, when you work at a factory, the guy whom you work with never tells you anything about himself. You may work with him for years, yet you even don't know where he lives, how many children he has and what his interests are.fierce individualism: It is the idea that the rights and freedom of the individual are the most important rights. exclusiveness: This is the best -known quality of the British people .It means, "I am English. You stay away from me. I am exclusive. I am quite happy to be: myself. I do not need you. Leave mealone."Chapter III Customs and Habits What did John Bull denote in the seventeenth century and what is his image?-John Bull denotes Britain or anyEnglishman in the 17th century. His image is short and fat, with a tall hat on his head and pair of boots on his feet. Why does an Englishman like to talk about the weather?-There are probably two reasons. One is the uncertainty of the weather. Another reason is that weather is a subject which is quite safe, friendly to talk. about. What are the three "Don'ts"? And three "ings"?-Three "Don'ts": Don't jump up the queue. Don't ask a woman's age. Don't try to bargain in Britain when you do shopping.Three" Ings": betting, drinking and tippi ng.John Bull: It is the nickname of England or a typical Englishma n.Chapter IV Holidays and Festivals How long approximately do the industrial workers have for holidays? -Theindustrial workers have at least four weeks' paid holida y.How do the English people usually spend holidays?-They usually spend their holidays at the resorts of the seaside. There they have swimming, bathing, or have other kinds of amusement, such as shooting, roundabouts, watching a beauty contest, going to a concert or a part y. And some of the people go abroad for sightseeing. What festival is the greatest in Britain? What is its significance and at what time is it celebrated?-Christmas Day is the greatest festival in Britain. Its significance? is to commemorate the birth of Jesus Christ which is on December 25.Christmas: Christmas Day is on December 25, which is the greatest of the Christian festivals, commemorating it as the birth of Jesus Christ. It is basically,a home or family festival. Those who live away try to get back home to: celebrate the day with the famil y. People send presents; cards to each other especially children have their presents from Santa Claus. People usually have al sumptuous dinner, many kinds of amusement. Chapter V Wages and Social Benefits How long is the standard working week usually in Britain?-The standard working week is usually thirty-five and forty hours, and often spread over five days, from Monday to Frida y.What is the difference between wages and Salary?-Wages is payment made or received for work or services, usually week in cash. Salary is payment for regular work, usually monthl y.How many kinds of pensions in theUnited Kingdom?-There are mainly six kinds of pensions in the United Kingdo m. They are Occupational Pension, Personal Pension, State Pension, Pension Credit, Over 80 Pension and Stakeholder Pensio n.What are the three main groups of Christianity? Which group does the Church of England belong to?-The three groups of Christianity are Catholicism, the Orthodox Eastern Church, and Protestantis m. The Church of England belongs to Protestantis m. What are the main features and tendencies of religion in Britain?-The main features are: 1) There is no "Christian" political party, no ant i-religious or ant i-clerical party either. 2) There is a widespread interest in religion. The main tendencies of religion in Britainare 1) the unity among the churches, 2) more social, 3) up-to-date.What are Crown's constitutional rights? -The Queen appointed all ministers in the Government. She summons, prologues and dissolves Parliament. She concludes treaties and declares war. In the new session she makes the opening speech and outlines her government's programme. She gives her assentto bills before they become law. She confers peerages and other honors.What is the core of the leadership ofthe British government?-The Cabinet is the core of the leadership of the British government. What does the Cabinet consist of?-The Cabinet consists of the Prime Minister, the Lord President of the Privy council, the heads of the most important Departments and a few ministers without portfolios.。
英美概况课后题答案(简答题)PPT课件
• 2 What is stream of consciousness? • Stream of consciousness is the writing technique which
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• 1. What are the three functions of the House of Commons? • The three functions are: to draft laws. to scrutinize, criticize and
restrain the activities of the government, and to influence future government policy. • 2. Why are independence candidates unlikely to win in the general election? • Because even if they were elected, they would be powerless in Parliament. Therefore, it is not possible for many people to vote foe independent candidates. • 1.What was the negative aspect of Thatcher’s reform in the early 1980s? • Its negative aspect was a rapid increase in unemployment. in1982,the unemployment rate reached the level of Great Depression years, with three million people out of work.
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B. pilgrims
C. priests
D. peasants
正确答案：C
14. I know the smaller one’s cheaper, but I __prefer this one.
A. done
B. did
C. do
D. does
正确答案：C
15. I haven’t seen you for a couple of days. What have mestic
D. superstitious
正确答案：A
19. Although this ____ sound like a simple task, great care is needed.
A. must
B. may
C. shall
D. should
正确答案：B
20. The Commonwealth of Nations is an association of independent countries and other political units _______ .
D. be rid of them
正确答案：D
10. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread our further, _______ New York is an example.
A. for which
B. in which
正确答案：B
2. I saw Bob Dylan play in 1968 and on that __he was simply brilliant.
A. place
B. moment
C. situation
D. use
正确答案：B
3. Between 1974 and 1997，the number of overseas visitors expanded ______ 27%.
C. of which
D. from which
正确答案：C
11. He proposed ___directly with the suppliers.
A. dealt
B. deal
C. to deal
D. having dealt
正确答案：C
12. ___ at Harvard, she was active in the dramatic society.
A. Relatively
B. Carefully
C. Promptly
D. Officially
正确答案：A
6. He had a great desire to have a home of his own,＿＿he had always lived with his parents.
A. for
A. in
B. to
C. with
D. for
正确答案：B
16. From 1649 to 1658 England was called a Commonwealth. It was ruled first by Oliver Cromwell as _______ .
A. Lord Protector
A. by
B. for
C. to
D. in
正确答案：A
4. I think the majority of stalls____ a fair price.
A. trust
B. give
C. charge
D. permit
正确答案：C
5. ( )speaking, Britain is a poor European country.
正确答案：A
8. The United States is _______ .
A. the most populous country in the world
B. the second most populous country in the world
C. the third most populous country in the world
B. Object as you may
C. Object though you may
D. Object if you may
正确答案：B
18. He had administrators under him but took the ( )decisions himself.
A. crucial
华师《英美概况》在线作业
一、单选题（共24道试题，共72分。）
1. ____ the houses were knocked down in the earthquake.
A. The number of
B. A great many of
C. A great deal of
D. A great many
D. the fourth most populous country in the world
正确答案：C
9. I didn’t enjoying marking those papers, so I was glad to ___.
A. have them rid
B. rid them
C. rid of them
B. when
C. before
D. where
正确答案：A
7. At last my boss agreed to ___the deadlines of the report until the end of the week.
A. extend
B. strengthen
C. expand
D. enlarge
A. Unless
B. Although
C. While
D. Until
正确答案：C
13. The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer describes a group of people who went to Canterbury to visit Thomas Becket's tomb. They were _______ .
B. Lieutenant General
C. Commander of the New Model Army
D. President
正确答案：A
17.＿＿, the chairman will not give up what he has decided to do.
A. As you may object