2008年专八词汇独家秘籍2
2008年专八词汇独家秘籍2
TEM8 2008Group 1archives (TEM8) [ˈɑ:kaivz] n.A collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; the place where these records are stored 档案；档案馆The national sound archive国家音响档案馆派生词汇：archivist n.档案保管员barrier (TEM4) [ˈbæriə] n.An object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward one place to another 屏障，障碍物Show your ticket at the barrier. 请在验票处出示车票派生词汇：barrier reef 堡礁（近海岸的珊瑚礁），language barrier 语言障碍bilingual (TEM4) [baiˈliŋgwəl] adj.Able to speak two languages equally well because you have used them since you are very young/ using two language, written in two languages 会说两种语言的，用两种语言（写）的A bilingual dictionary 双语词典cram (TEM8) [kræm] v.①To push or force sb/sth into a small place; to move into a small place with the result that it is full 挤满，塞满He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
08年高考英语考试大纲新增词汇讲解(二)
08年高考英语考试大纲新增词汇讲解(二)11. album ['ælbəm]n. 粘贴集,影集,邮集,歌曲集常用短语：1. photograph album 影集2. autograph album n. 亲笔签名簿3. stamp album n. 集邮册参考例句1. Her latest album is a com-pilation of all her best singles. 她最新的一套唱片是她的最佳单曲唱片的汇集.2. Mary showed us her album. 玛丽给我们看她的影集。
3. She treasures her photo album. 她珍爱她的像册。
4. Let me have a look at your album. 让我看一看你的相簿。
5. This is an exquisite photo album. 这是一本精致的相册。
6. Their new album is sheer dynamite. 他们这套新唱片一下子轰动起来.7. He asked if he might glance through my album. 他问可不可以翻翻我的相片簿。
8. They were gaga over the rock group's new album. 他们对滚石乐队的新专辑迷得发狂12. ambassador [æm'bæsədə]n. 大使词形变化名词：am•bas'sa•dor•ship'形容词：am•bas'sa•do'ri•al参考例句1. The amBassador presented her credentials to the monarch. 外交官将她的证明书呈交国王。
2. The ambassador radioed an urgent message to his government. 大使急电他的政府。
专八词汇备考宝典
专八词汇备考宝典对于英语专业的学生来说，专业八级考试无疑是一场重要的战役，而词汇则是这场战役中最基础也最关键的武器。
拥有丰富的词汇量，不仅能让我们在阅读、听力、写作和翻译等各个方面游刃有余，还能增强我们在考试中的自信心。
那么，如何高效地备考专八词汇呢？接下来，就让我为大家分享一些实用的方法和技巧。
一、制定合理的学习计划首先，我们需要制定一个合理的学习计划。
专八词汇量较大，不可能一蹴而就，因此需要合理安排时间，分阶段进行学习。
可以将词汇学习分为三个阶段：基础阶段：在这个阶段，我们要对专八词汇有一个初步的了解，可以通过浏览词汇书的目录，大致了解词汇的范围和难度。
同时，每天背诵一定数量的单词，建议每天 50-100 个新单词，并及时复习前一天所学的内容。
巩固阶段：经过基础阶段的学习，我们已经积累了一定量的词汇。
在这个阶段，要通过做练习题、阅读英文文章等方式来巩固所学的词汇，加深对词汇的理解和记忆。
同时，将容易混淆的词汇进行对比记忆，提高词汇的运用能力。
冲刺阶段：在临近考试的前一个月，要进行最后的冲刺。
可以通过做模拟题、真题，找出自己在词汇方面的薄弱环节，有针对性地进行强化训练。
同时，每天快速复习大量的词汇，保持对词汇的敏感度。
二、选择合适的词汇书选择一本适合自己的词汇书也非常重要。
市面上的专八词汇书种类繁多，我们可以从以下几个方面进行选择：1、内容全面：词汇书要涵盖专八考试大纲要求的所有词汇，并且要有详细的解释和例句。
2、编排合理：词汇的编排要有一定的逻辑性，比如按照字母顺序、词频或者话题等进行分类。
3、配有练习：好的词汇书应该配有相应的练习题，帮助我们巩固所学的词汇。
三、多种学习方法相结合1、记忆技巧联想记忆：通过联想单词的形状、发音、意义等与已知的事物或场景联系起来，帮助记忆。
比如，“ambulance”（救护车）这个单词，发音类似于“俺不能死”，可以想象在紧急情况下，有人喊“俺不能死，快叫救护车”。
英语专业八级词汇记忆技术
英语专业八级词汇记忆技术在学习英语的过程中，词汇是非常重要的一部分。
掌握了丰富的词汇量，可以提高阅读、听力、写作等各方面的能力。
然而，对于很多学习者来说，大量的词汇记忆是一个挑战。
本文将介绍几种有效的记忆技术，帮助英语专业八级考试的学习者更好地记忆词汇。
一、联想记忆法联想记忆法是一种常用且有效的记忆技术。
该方法通过将待记忆的单词与已知的事物、场景或形象联系起来，以便提升记忆效果。
例如，当我们学习单词"benevolent"（慈善的）时，可以联想到一个慈善机构的标志。
这种联系可以帮助我们更易记住这个单词，以及它的含义和用法。
二、词根词缀法词根词缀法是通过学习和理解单词的词根和词缀来记忆词汇。
许多英语单词都是由不同的词根和词缀组成的，掌握了这些词根和词缀，可以帮助我们更好地理解和记忆单词。
例如，当我们学习单词"transatlantic"（横跨大西洋的）时，可以看出该单词由"trans-"（横跨）和"atlantic"（大西洋）两部分组成。
通过理解这些词根和词缀的含义，我们可以更容易地记忆这个单词。
三、语境记忆法语境记忆法是通过将单词放在具体的语境中来记忆词汇。
我们可以通过阅读、听力等方式，观察单词在不同语境下的用法和含义。
例如，当我们学习单词"conscientious"（认真的）时，可以在阅读中找到该单词的实际应用，例如一篇关于一个认真对待工作的人的文章。
通过将单词应用到实际语境中，我们可以更好地理解和记忆单词。
四、词汇卡片法词汇卡片法是一种常用的记忆技术，尤其适合需要大量背诵词汇的情况。
通过写下单词和其对应的释义，然后将这些卡片反复复习，可以加深记忆。
这种方法可以帮助我们对大量词汇进行分类和整理，提高记忆效果。
同时，通过反复复习卡片，可以强化记忆，使单词更牢固地存储在我们的脑海中。
五、利用技术工具在当今数字化时代，我们可以利用各种技术工具辅助记忆英语专业八级词汇。
2008年专八试卷词汇归纳
2008Part I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION Alingua franca 通用语;混合语interlocking 连锁的pilgrim 朝拜者；朝圣guardian 护卫者；保护人problematic 问题的；有疑问的multi-lingual 说（或用）多种语言的astronomy 天文学geology 地质学；地质概况cite 引用；引证SECTION Bdeliberately adv. 故意地jet 喷气式飞机; 喷气式发动机rationale n. 理由; 逻辑依据swarm n. 蜂群, 一大群e.g. a swarm ofvi. 密集, 云集, 挤满 e.g. The place swarmed with tourists. 那个地方游人云集。
swamp vt. 淹没; 沉没; 使困窘; 忙得不可开交e.g. We are swamped with work.我们被工作压得透不过气来。
unbearable adj. 难以忍受的;for instance 例如, 比如reckon vt. 猜想; 估计; 考虑; 认为desolate adj. 无人的, 荒凉的infrastructure n. 基础设施; 基础结构stewardess n. (飞机上的)女服务员; 空中小姐SECTION Cmagnetic adj. 有磁性的, 有吸引力的tracking n. 跟踪NASA abbr. National Aeronautics and Space Administration 〈美〉国家航空和宇宙航行局PART II READING COMPREHENSIONTEXT Acram school 补习班cram : v. 1. 塞cram into/ with2.(为应考)死记硬背功课cram for (exams)n. 拥挤 a cramgrueling 累垮人的conceive sth 构想出margin 边缘fretful 烦恼的，焦急的secondary-school 中学founder 沉没；失败thrive 繁荣mediocre adj.中等的;平凡的;二流的egalitarian adj.平等主义的curriculum 课程zealous adj.热心的compile sth v.收集discretion 谨慎,考虑周到screening 选拔，筛选circumvent v. 防止...发生; 陷害amid 在...之中crossfire vt. 互相指责melodramatic adj.情节剧似的；耸人听闻的TEXT Brustic adj. 乡村的entrepreneurial adj. 企业家的Devon 德文岛cattle 牛gourmet 美食家sausage 香肠sauce 调味汁urbanite n. 都市人a herd of 一群fugitive n.逃亡者burgeoning adj.发展迅速的swarm with 挤满beekeeper n.养蜂者organic adj. 基本的；器官的smallholder n. 小农;小佃农come to terms with 终于接受（经常是很不好的东西）traditionalist n. 传统主义者;遵循传统者hunger for 渴望buoyant adj.降而复升的tumble 跌落dwindling 减少zeal for 热情surging 高涨surge over/up 汹涌surge in sb 充满chronicle sth 记载compensation n.（心理）补偿authentic adj. 真正的stock with 储备artisanal adj. 手工的be eroded 被腐蚀TEXT CBarcelona n. 巴塞罗那（西班牙东北部）Catalonian n.加泰罗尼亚人agile adj.灵敏的feat n. 技巧表演acrobatics n. 特技gigantic adj. 巨大的rugby scrummage 橄榄球并列争球outward-radiating adj. 向外辐射buttress n.支持物，扶墙sturdy adj. 强壮的scramble over 攀爬defy 经受得住epitomize vt. 象征;作为...的缩影metropolis n. 大都市mediterranean n. 地中海沿海dynamic adj. 有活力的reenact 再次扮演ritual 仪式be reminiscent of 联想到raucous adj. 喧嚣的ruckus adj. 吵闹的exemplify n. 举例证明repression n. 镇压dynamo n. 发电机；精力充沛的人territory n. 领土textile n. 纺织品venerable adv. 庄严地boulevard n.林荫大道lane n. 小巷walkway n. 通道theatrical adj. 剧场的armchair n. 扶手椅attendant n.服务员stilt n.高跷cake with/on/in 使结块;在...上结成块charcoal 木炭impersonator n. 演员pimp n.男妓TEXT Dbankruptcy : n.破产，银行往来登记簿funeral ：n. 葬礼，法国黑金属letterhead：n.印在纸上的头衔paralegal：adj. 辅助律师业务的；律师的专职助手rumor：n. 谣言，传闻pile：n. v.堆，堆积，拥挤进入hip：n. 臀部，屋脊，忧郁，时尚的bondage: 奴役，束缚mortgage: n. 抵押，按揭（指向银行借长期抵押货款，用来买房子）rage: n. 愤怒，情绪激动，发怒brink ：n. 边缘，河岸sobriety：n. 清醒，严肃renovate：v. 更新，刷新console：v. 安慰；控制台，操纵台rotten：adj. 腐烂的，腐朽的brawl：v. 争吵，对骂buck：钱，抗拒，公兔，山羊grief：n. 悲痛，忧伤litigator：诉讼律师attorney：律师counselor：n. 顾问，参事，参赞lucrative：adj. 有利益的，获利的overhead：经常开支，在头顶上，总开销shrimp：对虾，离子探针callous：adj. 麻木的，无情的，硬结的，起老茧的extravagant：adj. 奢侈的，浪费的，挥霍的，过分的PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGEduality：n.对偶，二元性，二重性arbitrariness：n.任意，肆意，霸道hyponymy：n.下义关系，上下位关系synonymy：n.同义polysemy：n.一词多义，意义的分歧homonymy：n.同音异义PART IV PROOFREADING AND ERROR CORRECTIONPART V TRANSLATIONSECTION Ahalves：n. 一学期，同分数distress：vt.使…苦恼SECTION BPART VI WRITING。
专八词汇学习技巧
专八词汇学习技巧对于英语专业的学生来说，通过专业八级考试是一项重要的目标。
而在专八考试中，词汇量的掌握是取得好成绩的关键之一。
想要高效地学习专八词汇，需要掌握一些实用的技巧和方法。
首先，制定合理的学习计划是必不可少的。
我们可以将专八词汇按照难易程度或者词性等进行分类，然后为自己设定每天需要学习的词汇量。
例如，每天背诵 50 个新单词，并复习前一天学习过的词汇。
这样有计划地进行学习，可以让我们的词汇积累更加系统和有序。
在学习新单词时，不要仅仅满足于记住它的拼写和中文释义，要深入理解单词的用法和搭配。
我们可以通过阅读例句来感受单词在具体语境中的运用。
比如，单词“accommodate”有“容纳；提供住宿；适应”等意思，通过例句“The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests”“The eye can accommodate itself to seeing objects at different distances”，我们能够更清楚地了解它的不同用法。
同时，利用词根词缀来记忆单词也是一个非常有效的方法。
很多英语单词都是由词根、前缀和后缀组成的，了解常见的词根词缀含义，可以帮助我们推测出许多陌生单词的意思。
例如，“un”表示“不，非”，“re”表示“再次，重新”，“able”表示“能够……的，可……的”。
当我们遇到“unbelievable”这个单词时，就可以根据“un”和“able”的含义猜出它大概是“难以置信的”意思。
此外，多种学习方式相结合能够提高学习效果。
除了传统的纸质词汇书，我们还可以利用手机 APP 来学习专八词汇。
现在有很多优秀的词汇学习 APP，它们通常会采用有趣的方式，如游戏、打卡等，来增加学习的趣味性和互动性。
我们还可以观看英语电影、电视剧，阅读英语原版书籍、报纸杂志等，在真实的语言环境中学习和巩固词汇。
情景记忆法也是值得尝试的。
将单词与具体的场景、画面联系起来，能够让我们记得更牢。
专八小技巧
专八小技巧第一篇：专八小技巧专八究竟哪里最难？阅读和作文？有多少同学可以在 20分的阅读里取得16分以上。
有多少同学可以能用简单句写出好文章？专八谁出题？上外，上外的老师是怎样出题的？更多的不是来自语言学，而是心理学？1）首句和尾句法：经我多年研究，阅读中的每一段的第一句和最后一句加起来就是后面5个问题的60%的答案所在地，把每一个名词和动词用铅笔划出来）2）作者态度题和单词互换题。
（作者态度一般都是中立和积极向上的，单词互换一定要选择最简单的，因为给出的单词就是文中很难的词）3）阶梯和长短选题法（这个要面授才可以懂得如何运用）4）关键题回归法，每个问题都会有一个名词，把这个名回到回文中找（注意，找的时候一定要找它的同义词和相近词），它所在的句子一般就是答案。
5）作者引用，大写字母，THAT,WHICH ,AS 等句型是必考内容。
作文是最能体现一个人的综合水平，词汇，语法和思想。
下面的作文思路是我多年研究所总结出的，同学们务必记住每一段所要包括的内容，每写出来的句子不可以少于7个单词（一但你写出来的句子少于7个单词，作文是不可能取得高分，这也是上海外国语大学改卷老师所要求的），每天坚持写作文，题目可以看下往年真题，我推荐一个方法就是背，然后用自己的话写出来。
下面的都是曾经考过的作文，看看我是怎样写思路的。
(必要作文思路)what is your ambition?第1段：Ambition is the decision one that makes resolution and carries out into action.It is a burning desire to achieve any tasks and mission in our life.Shakespeare put it, “one who has noambition that means one who has no soul.” Indeed, once we make up our minds to accomplish our goals, then our life becomes meaningful, which almost have a bearing on all aspects of life.•1，主题定义。
08年高考英语考试大纲新增词汇讲解(二)
08年高考英语考试大纲新增词汇讲解(二)11. album ['ælbəm]n. 粘贴集,影集,邮集,歌曲集常用短语：1. photograph album 影集2. autograph album n. 亲笔签名簿3. stamp album n. 集邮册参考例句1. Her latest album is a com-pilation of all her best singles. 她最新的一套唱片是她的最佳单曲唱片的汇集.2. Mary showed us her album. 玛丽给我们看她的影集。
3. She treasures her photo album. 她珍爱她的像册。
4. Let me have a look at your album. 让我看一看你的相簿。
5. This is an exquisite photo album. 这是一本精致的相册。
6. Their new album is sheer dynamite. 他们这套新唱片一下子轰动起来.7. He asked if he might glance through my album. 他问可不可以翻翻我的相片簿。
8. They were gaga over the rock group's new album. 他们对滚石乐队的新专辑迷得发狂12. ambassador [æm'bæsədə]n. 大使词形变化名词：am•bas'sa•dor•ship'形容词：am•bas'sa•do'ri•al参考例句1. The amBassador presented her credentials to the monarch. 外交官将她的证明书呈交国王。
2. The ambassador radioed an urgent message to his government. 大使急电他的政府。
专八词汇记忆秘籍
专八词汇记忆秘籍对于英语专业的学生来说，专八考试无疑是一场重要的战役，而词汇则是这场战役中的“弹药”。
拥有丰富的词汇量，不仅能在阅读、听力等部分游刃有余，更能在写作和翻译中准确表达自己的想法。
然而，专八词汇量庞大，记忆起来并非易事。
下面，我将为大家分享一些实用的专八词汇记忆秘籍。
一、制定合理的学习计划首先，要明确自己的目标和时间安排。
根据考试时间，倒推计算出每天需要记忆的词汇量。
例如，如果距离考试还有三个月，而专八词汇量要求大约为 13000 个，那么平均每天就需要记忆 140 个左右的单词。
将每天的学习时间合理分配，建议利用早晨和晚上的时间进行记忆。
早晨头脑清醒，适合新单词的学习；晚上则可以对当天学习的词汇进行复习和巩固。
二、多种记忆方法相结合1、词根词缀记忆法英语单词中的词根和词缀就像汉字的偏旁部首，掌握了它们，就能推测出许多单词的意思。
例如，“bio”表示“生命”，“biology”（生物学）、“biography”（传记）等单词都与之相关；“able”表示“能够……的”，“readable”（可读的）、“washable”（可洗的）等单词就很好理解了。
2、联想记忆法通过将单词与生活中的事物、场景或经历进行联想，能够加深记忆。
比如，“ambition”（雄心，野心），可以联想为“俺必胜”，这种有趣的联想能让单词更容易被记住。
3、语境记忆法将单词放在句子或文章中记忆，能够更好地理解其用法和含义。
可以阅读一些英语文章，在语境中学习和记忆单词。
4、卡片记忆法将单词写在卡片上，一面写单词，一面写释义和例句。
随时随地拿出来复习，利用碎片化时间加强记忆。
三、反复复习艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线告诉我们，遗忘在学习之后立即开始，而且遗忘的进程并不是均匀的。
因此，及时复习非常重要。
每天学习新单词之前，先复习前一天学习的内容。
每周、每月也要进行定期的总结和复习，不断强化记忆。
四、运用词汇光记住单词还不够，要学会运用它们。
考研英语历年真题满分破解(2008)
2008年全国硕士研究生入学英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. But Gregory Cochran is __1__ to say it anyway. He is that__2__ bird, a scientist who works independently __3__ any institution. He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not __4__ thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections, which aroused much controversy when it was first suggested.__5__ he, however, might tremble at the __6__ of what he is about to do. Together with another two scientists, he is publishing a paper which not only __7__ that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others, but explains the process that has brought this about. The group in __8__ are a particular people originated from central Europe. The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test, __9__ 12-15 points above the __10__ value of 100, and have contributed __11__ to the intellectual and cultural life of the West, as the __12__ of their elites, including several world-renowned scientists, __13__. They also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases, such as breast cancer. These facts, __14__, have previously been thought unrelated. The former has been __15__ to social effects, such as a strong tradition of__16__ education. The latter was seen as a (an) __17__ genetic isolation. Dr. Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately__18__. His argument is that the unusual history of these people has __19__ them to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this __20__ state of affairs.1.[A] selected [B] prepared [C] obliged [D] pleased2. [A] unique [B] particular [C] special [D] rare3. [A] of [B] with [C] in [D] against4. [A] subsequently [B] presently [C] previously [D] lately5. [A] Only [B] So [C] Even [D] Hence6. [A] thought [B] sight [C] cost [D] risk7. [A] advises [B] suggests [C] protests [D] objects8. [A] progress [B] fact [C] need [D] question9. [A] attaining [B] scoring [C] reaching [D] calculating10. [A] normal [B] common [C] mean [D] total11. [A] unconsciously [B] disproportionately [C] indefinitely [D] unaccountably12. [A] missions [B] fortunes [C] interests [D] careers13. [A] affirm [B] witness [C] observe [D] approve14. [A] moreover [B] therefore [C] however [D] meanwhile15. [A] given up [B] got over [C] carried on [D] put down16. [A] assessing [B] supervising [C] administering [D] valuing17. [A] development [B] origin [C] consequence [D] instrument18. [A] linked [B] integrated [C] woven [D] combined19. [A] limited [B] subjected [C] converted [D] directed20. [A] paradoxical [B] incompatible [C] inevitable [D] continuousSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1While still catching up to men in some spheres of modern life, women appear to be way ahead in at least one undesirable category. “Women are particularly susceptible to developing depression and anxiety disorders in response to stres s compared to men,” according to Dr. Yehuda, chief psychiatrist at New York’s Veteran’s Administration Hospital.Studies of both animals and humans have shown that sex hormones somehow affect the stress response, causing females under stress to produce more of the trigger chemicals than do males under the same conditions. In several of the studies, when stressed-out female rats had their ovaries (the female reproductive organs) removed, their chemical responses became equal to those of the males.Adding to a woman’s increased dose of stress chemicals, are her increased “opportunities” for stress. “It’s not necessarily that women don’t cope as well. It’s just that they have so much more to cope with,” says Dr. Yehuda. “Their capacity for tolerating stress may even be greater than men’s,” she observes, “it’s just that they’re dealing with so many more things that they become worn out from it more visibly and sooner.”Dr. Yehuda notes another difference between the sexes. “I think that the kinds of things that women are exposed to tend to be in more of a chronic or repeated nature. Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress. Men are exposed to more acts of random physical violence. The kinds of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic situations, by, unfortunately, parents or other family members, and they tend not to be one-shot deals. The wear-and-tear that comes from these longer relationships can be quite devastating.”Adeline Alvarez married at 18 and gave birth to a son, bu t was determined to finish college. “I struggled a lot to get the college degree. I was living in so much frustration that that was my escape, to go to school, and get ahead and do better.” Later, her marriage ended and she became a single mother. “It’s th e hardest thing to take care of a teenager, have a job, pay the rent, pay the car payment, and pay the debt. I lived from paycheck to paycheck.”Not everyone experiences the kinds of severe chronic stresses Alvarez describes. But most women today are copin g with a lot of obligations, with few breaks, and feeling the strain. Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress before it threatens your health and your ability to function.21. Which of the following is true according to the first two paragraphs?[A] Women are biologically more vulnerable to stress.[B] Women are still suffering much stress caused by men.[C] Women are more experienced than men in coping with stress.[D] Men and women show different inclinations when faced with stress.22. Dr. Yehuda’s research suggests that women _________[A] need extra doses of chemicals to handle stress.[B] have limited capacity for tolerating stress.[C] are more capable of avoiding stress.[D] are exposed to more stress.23. According to Paragraph 4, the stress women confront tends to be _______[A] domestic and temporary [B] irregular and violent[C] durable and frequent [D] trivial and random24. The sentence “I lived from paycheck to paycheck.” (Line 6, Para. 5) shows t hat __________[A] Alvarez cared about nothing but making money.[B] Alvarez’s salary barely covered her household expenses.[C] Alvarez got paychecks from different jobs.[D] Alvarez paid practically everything by check.25. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] Strain of Stress: No Way Out?[B] Responses to Stress: Gender Difference[C] Stress Analysis: What Chemicals Say[D] Gender Inequality: Women Under StressText 2It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor would then remove the authors’ names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the results would have to subscribe to the journal.No longer. The Internet – and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it – is making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes further than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor.The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2,000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16,000 journals.This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report’s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collection of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typicallysupported by asking the author (or his employer) to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratories support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditional form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.26. In the first paragraph, the author discusses________[A] the background information of journal editing.[B] the publication routine of laboratory reports.[C] the relations of authors with journal publishers.[D] the traditional process of journal publication.27. Which of the following is true of the OECD report?[A] It criticizes government-funded research.[B] It introduces an effective means of publication.[C] It upsets profit-making journal publishers.[D] It benefits scientific research considerably.28. According to the text, online publication is significant in that_______[A] it provides an easier access to scientific results.[B] it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.[C] it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.[D] it facilitates public investment in scientific research.29. With the open-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to_______[A] cover the cost of its publication.[B] subscribe to the journal publishing it.[C] allow other online journals to use it freely.[D] complete the peer-review before submission.30. Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the text?[A] The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.[B] A new mode of publication is emerging.[C] Authors welcome the new channel for publication.[D] Publication is rendered easier by online service.Text 3In the early 1960s Wilt Chamberlain was one of only three players in the National Basketball Association (NBA) listed at over seven feet. If he had played last season, however, he would have been one of 42. The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years, and managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers of bigger, longer frames.The trend in sports, though, may be obscuring an unrecognized reality: Americans have generally stopped growing. Though typically about two inches taller now than 140 years ago, today’s people –especially those born to families who have lived in the U.S. for many generations – apparently reached their limit in the early 1960s. And they aren’t likely to get any taller. “In the general population today,at this genetic, environmental level, we’ve pretty much gone as far as we can go,” says anthropologist William Cameron Chumlea of Wright State University. In the case of NBA players, their increase in height appears to result from the increasingly common practice of recruiting players from all over the world.Growth, which rarely continues beyond the age of 20, demands calories and nutrients – notably, protein – to feed expanding tissues. At the start of the 20th century, under-nutrition and childhood infections got in the way. But as diet and health improved, children and adolescents have, on average, increased in height by about an inch and a half every 20 years, a pattern known as the secular trend in height. Yet according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, average height –5′9″ for men, 5′4″ for women –hasn’t really changed since 1960.Genetically speaking, there are advantages to avoiding substantial height. During childbirth, larger babies have more difficulty passing through the birth canal. Moreover, even though humans have been upright for millions of years, our feet and back continue to struggle with bipedal posture and cannot easily withstand repeated strain imposed by oversize limbs. “There are some real constraints that are set by the genetic architecture of th e individual organism,” says anthropologist William Leonard of Northwestern University.Genetic maximums can change, but don’t expect this to happen soon. Claire C. Gordon, senior anthropologist at the Army Research Center in Natick, Mass., ensures that 90 percent of the uniforms and workstations fit recruits without alteration. She says that, unlike those for basketball, the length of military uniforms has not changed for some time. And if you need to predict human height in the near future to design a pie ce of equipment, Gordon says that by and large, “you could use today’s data and feel fairly confident.”31. Wilt Chamberlain is cited as an example to ________[A] illustrate the change of height of NBA players.[B] show the popularity of NBA players in the U.S..[C] compare different generations of NBA players.[D] assess the achievements of famous NBA players.32. Which of the following plays a key role in body growth according to the text?[A] Genetic modification [B] Natural environment[C] Living standards [D] Daily exercise33. On which of the following statements would the author most probably agree?[A] Non-Americans add to the average height of the nation.[B] Human height is conditioned by the upright posture.[C] Americans are the tallest on average in the world.[D] Larger babies tend to become taller in adulthood.34. We learn from the last paragraph that in the near future ________[A] the garment industry will reconsider the uniform size.[B] the design of military uniforms will remain unchanged.[C] genetic testing will be employed in selecting sportsmen.[D] the existing data of human height will still be applicable.35. The text intends to tell us that ________[A] the change of human height follows a cyclic pattern.[B] human height is becoming even more predictable.[C] Americans have reached their genetic growth limit.[D] the genetic pattern of Americans has altered.Text 4In 1784, five years before he became president of the United States, George Washington, 52, was nearly toothless. So he hired a dentist to transplant nine teeth into his jaw – having extracted them from the mouths of his slaves.That’s a far different image from the cherry-tree-chopping George most people remember from their history books. But recently, many historians have begun to focus on the roles slavery played in the lives of the founding generation. They have been spurred in part by DNA evidence made available in 1998, which almost certainly proved Thomas Jefferson had fathered at least one child with his slave Sally Hemings. And only over the past 30 years have scholars examined history from the bottom up. Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation’s early leaders and the fragile nature of the country’s infancy. More sign ificantly, they argue that many of the Founding Fathers knew slavery was wrong – and yet most did little to fight it.More than anything, the historians say, the founders were hampered by the culture of their time. While Washington and Jefferson privately expressed distaste for slavery, they also understood that it was part of the political and economic bedrock of the country they helped to create.For one thing, the South could not afford to part with its slaves. Owning slaves was “like having a large bank account,” says Wiencek, author of An Imperfect God: George Washington, His Slaves, and the Creation of America. The southern states would not have signed the Constitution without protections for the “peculiar institution,” including a clause that counted a slave as three fifths of a man for purposes of congressional representation.And the statesmen’s political lives depended on slavery. The three-fifths formula handed Jefferson his narrow victory in the presidential election of 1800 by inflating the votes of the southern states in the Electoral College. Once in office, Jefferson extended slavery with the Louisiana Purchase in 1803; the new land was carved into 13 states, including three slave states.Still, Jefferson freed Hemings’s children – though not Hemings herself or his approximately 150 other slaves. Washington, who had begun to believe that all men were created equal after observing the bravery of the black soldiers during the Revolutionary War, overcame the strong opposition of his relatives to grant his slaves their freedom in his will. Only a decade earlier, such an act would have required legislative approval in Virginia.36. George Washington's dental surgery is mentioned to_______.［A］ show the primitive medical practice in the past［B］ demonstrate the cruelty of slavery in his days［C］ stress the role of slaves in the U.S. history［D］ reveal some unknown aspect of his life37. We may infer from the second paragraph that ________.［A］ DNA technology has been widely applied to history research［B］ in its early days the U.S. was confronted with delicate situations［C］ historians deliberately made up some stories of Jefferson's life［D］ political compromises are easily found throughout the U.S. history38. What do we learn about Thomas Jefferson?［A］ His political view changed his attitude towards slavery.［B］ His status as a father made him free the child slaves.［C］ His attitude towards slavery was complex.［D］ His affair with a slave stained his prestige.39. Which of the following is true according to the text?［A］ Some Founding Fathers benefit politically from slavery.［B］ Slaves in the old days did not have the right to vote.［C］ Slave owners usually had large savings accounts.［D］ Slavery was regarded as a peculiar institution.40. Washington's decision to free slaves originated from his ________.［A］ moral considerations ［B］ military experience［C］ financial conditions ［D］ political standPart BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The time for sharpening pencils, arranging your desk, and doing almost anything else instead of writing has ended. The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit, stand up, or lie down to write.(41)Be flexible. Your outline should smoothly conduct you from one point to the next, but do not permit it to railroad you. If a relevant and important idea occurs to you now, work it into the draft. (42)Grammar, punctuation, and spelling can wait until you revise. Concentrate on what you are saying. Good writing most often occurs when you are in hot pursuit of an idea rather than in a nervous search for errors.(43) Your pages will be easier to keep track of that way, and, if you have to clip a paragraph to place it elsewhere, you will not lose any writing on the other side.If you are working on a word processor, you can take advantage of its capacity to make additions and deletions as well as move entire paragraphs by making just a few simple keyboard commands. Some software programs can also check spelling and certain grammatical elements in your writing. (44)These printouts are also easier to read than the screen when you work on revisions.Once you have a first draft on paper, you can delete material that is unrelated to your thesis and add material necessary to illustrate your points and make your paper convincing. The student who wrote “The A & P as a State of Mind” wisely dropped a paragraph that questioned whether Sammy displays chauvinistic attitudes toward women. (45)Remember that your initial draft is only that. You should go through the paper many times – and then again –working to substantiate and clarify your ideas. You may even end up with several entire versions of the paper. Rewrite. The sentences within each paragraph should be related to a single topic. Transitions should connect one paragraph to the next so that there are no abrupt or confusing shifts. Awkward or wordy phrasing or unclear sentences and paragraphs should be mercilessly poked and prodded into shape.[A] To make revising easier, leave wide margins and extra space between lines so that you can easily add words, sentences, and corrections. Write on only one side of the paper.[B] After you have clearly and adequately developed the body of your paper, pay particular attention to the introductory and concluding para graphs. It’s probably best to write the introduction last, after you know precisely what you are introducing. Concluding paragraphs demand equal attention because they leave the reader with a final impression.[C] It’s worth remembering, however, that thou gh a clean copy fresh off a printer may look terrific, it will read only as well as the thinking and writing that have gone into it. Many writers prudently store their data on disks and print their pages each time they finish a draft to avoid losing any material because of power failures or other problems. [D] It makes no difference how you write, just so you do. Now that you have developed a topic into a tentative thesis, you can assemble your notes and begin to flesh out whatever outline you have made.[E] Although this is an interesting issue, it has nothing to do with the thesis, which explains how the setting influences Sammy’s decision to quit his job. Instead of including that paragraph, she added one that described Lengel’s crabbed response to the gi rls so that she could lead up to the A & P “policy” he enforces.[F] In the final paragraph about the significance of the setting in “A & P,” the student brings together the reasons Sammy quit his job by referring to his refusal to accept Lengel’s store po licies.[G] By using the first draft as a means of thinking about what you want to say, you will very likely discover more than your notes originally suggested. Plenty of good writers don’t use outlines at all but discover ordering principles as they write. Do not attempt to compose a perfectly correct draft the first time around.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In his autobiography, Darwin himself speaks of his intellectual powers with extraordinary modesty. He points out that he always experienced much difficulty in expressing himself clearly and concisely, but (46) he believes that this very difficulty may have had the compensating advantage of forcing him to think long and intently about every sentence, and thus enabling him to detect errors in reasoning and in his own observations. He disclaimed the possession of any great quickness of apprehension or wit, such as distinguished Huxley. (47) He asserted, also, that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited, for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics. His memory, too, he described as extensive, but hazy. So poor in one sense was it that he never could remember for more than a few days a single date or a line of poetry. (48) On the other hand, he did not accept as well founded the charge made by some of his critics that, while he was a good observer, he had no power of reasoning. This, he thought, could not be true, because the “Origin of Species” is one long argument from the beginning to the end, and has convinced many able men. No one, he submits, could have written it without possessing some power of reasoning. He was willing to assert that “I have a fair share of invention, and of common sense or judgment, such as every fairly successful lawyer or doctor must have, but not, I believe, in any higher degree.” (49) He adds humbly that perhaps he was “superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention, and in observing them carefully.”Writing in the last year of his life, he expressed the opinion that in two or three respects his mind had changed during the preceding twenty or thirty years. Up to the age of thirty or beyond it poetry of many kinds gave him great pleasure. Formerly, too, pictures had given him considerable, and music very great, delight. In 1881, however, he said: “Now for many years I cannot endure to read a line of poetry. I have also almost lost my taste for pictures or music.” (50) Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to1) make an apology, and2) suggest a solution.You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming” instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)思路精析与考点探秘Section Ⅰ Use of English考点探秘1、【正确答案】[B]【选项释义】 [A] selected挑选 [B] prepared准备 [C] obliged迫使，责成[D] pleased高兴地，满足地【解题思路】本题考查语义逻辑衔接。
专业八级单词背诵窍门
20岁的李栗（清华大学三年级学生）已经高分过了英语六级，正准备“专八”的考试。
她联系到记者时，腼腆地表示“我主要想给大家介绍一下自己背专八单词经验。
当然，每个人都有自己的方法，我这个仅供参考而已”。
1．背单词要背得好，要背得快，最基本的原则是脑子不断地想单词，让单词不断地从脑子里过，看书看10遍，还不如脑子过一遍。
要做到单词在脑子里过的次数比在书本上过的次数多得多，要做到完全抛开书本，不依赖书本，不拿书的时候也在想单词、背单词。
要尽量在单词被忘记之前在脑子里过一遍，这样，它留给你的印象要深得多，就算以后忘记，也很容易记起来。
2．背单词时还要注意在单词之间建立联系。
当然，刚开始时可能能建立的联系很少，但要注意培养这种意识，争取一串串地背单词，看见一个，就能想起一串。
比如，同义的单词一块儿记，反义的、形似的、分类的、词根的，背单词一段时间之后，就应该看到该单词，想一想以前学过什么同义的，如果只有印象而想不起来，最好在一个笔记本上记一笔，下次碰到该单词时，特别注意。
比如，背单词一段时间后，应该问自己：我一共学了多少关于衣服的词？如果你只记得中文意思，想不起英文，下次就要特别注意了。
或者你看到holograph的时候是否能想起homograph?芽虽然有些书给你整理了一些联系，可我觉得自己总结的才会印象最深。
这样，单词之间建立联系后，不拿书本的时候你也能利用这些联系不断地想单词，当某一个单词记不起来时，就要注意了。
不妨看后面的单词时，就不断地想前面学过的单词中有哪些类似的，或意思相反的，把有联系的单词的页数写在单词旁，每当看到这个单词时，总想起和它有关的单词，想不起时再根据页数翻看。
如果有印象而想不起来，就在笔记本上记一笔，下次补上。
3．背单词时不要在一个单词上花的时间太多，根本不用超过一分钟，像扫描般一掠而过。
只是重复的次数要多，特别在脑子里重复的次数要比在书本上重复的次数多得多。
其他方法还有听录音带，背单词软件等等。
英语专业八级词汇复习方法
英语专业八级词汇复习方法英语专业八级考试作为一项重要的语言能力测试，对于考生的词汇量要求较高。
在备考过程中，正确的词汇复习方法至关重要。
本文将介绍一些有效的英语专业八级词汇复习方法，帮助考生提升词汇水平，顺利通过考试。
一、积累核心词汇1.词汇分类法将词汇按照不同的主题或语境进行分类，例如动词、形容词、名词等；或者按照专业领域划分，例如经济学、文学、生物学等。
通过分类记忆，可以帮助考生更好地理解词汇的使用场景和含义。
2.使用学习工具使用学习工具，例如词汇卡片、电子词典、词汇书籍等，帮助学生有系统地进行词汇积累。
词汇卡片可以写上单词、词义和例句等信息，反复复习以加深记忆。
3.扩大阅读范围阅读是拓展词汇的重要途径。
选择与专业相关的文章或材料进行阅读，通过上下文理解词汇的用法和意义。
同时，积极拓展阅读范围，涉猎不同主题和体裁的文章，积累更多的生词和短语。
二、运用词汇巩固1.写作练习通过写作练习，将学到的词汇应用到实际写作中。
可以选择常见的题材，如描述人物、事件、感受等，逐步提高词汇的运用能力。
在写作过程中，可以参考各类范文或者作品，学习其中的词汇表达方式和句型结构。
2.口语练习通过参加英语角、口语交流活动或者与其他英语学习者进行对话，将学到的词汇运用到口语交流中。
可以尝试自己组织一些英语角的话题或者模拟一些真实的情境进行对话，提高词汇的口头表达能力。
三、复习策略1.定期复习设置固定的复习时间和计划，将复习列入日常学习的重要内容。
定期回顾已学的词汇，及时查漏补缺，巩固记忆。
2.记忆技巧尝试使用一些记忆技巧，例如联想、造句、词根词缀等，加深对词汇的记忆。
也可以利用声音、图像等多种感官刺激，提高记忆效果。
3.模拟测试在实际应用前，进行模拟测试以检测学习成果。
选择一些专业八级真题或者模拟试题进行练习，检查词汇掌握情况和应试能力，找出提高的方向。
结语通过系统的词汇积累、巩固和复习策略，可以提高英语专业八级考试的词汇水平。
英语专业八级词汇记忆技巧
英语专业八级词汇记忆技巧在学习英语的过程中，词汇是非常重要的一部分。
尤其对于英语专业的学生来说，八级词汇的记忆更是必不可少的。
本文将为大家分享一些有效的英语专业八级词汇记忆技巧。
一、积累与巩固首先，要把词汇的积累作为长期的目标进行。
每天抽出固定的时间，利用各种学习资源积极地记忆新单词。
可以通过阅读英文文章、听力材料、背诵词汇表等方式进行积累。
同时，记忆一些常用的词根、前缀和后缀也是很有帮助的，可以帮助我们更好地理解和记忆新的单词。
另外，记忆词汇时要注重巩固。
可以通过反复复习已学过的单词，帮助巩固记忆。
同时，还可以利用词汇卡片、词汇本等工具进行复习，将词汇分成若干个小组进行记忆。
二、联系与应用除了积累和巩固，联系和应用也是记忆词汇的重要环节。
单纯地记忆词汇表中的单词是远远不够的，还需要将其运用到实际的语境中，提高对单词的理解和记忆。
可以选择一些语境丰富的文章、故事或对话材料，将新学的单词融入其中。
通过读、写、听、说等方式进行联系和应用，帮助我们更好地掌握这些单词。
另外，也可以利用各种辅助工具进行联系和应用。
例如，使用英语学习APP，参加英语角或英语辩论社团等，都可以帮助我们积极地运用所学的词汇。
三、联想与记忆联想是记忆词汇的一种高效的方法。
通过将新学的单词与已经熟悉的内容进行联想，可以帮助我们更快地记住这些单词。
联想可以通过多种方式进行。
例如，可以将词汇与自己的经历、感受进行联想，将抽象的单词转化为具体的形象，帮助记忆。
同时，还可以通过构建词汇网络，将相关的单词进行联想和串连，形成记忆的框架。
四、技巧与方法除了以上的基本方法外，还有一些技巧和方法可以帮助我们更好地记忆英语专业八级词汇。
1. 制定学习计划：制定合理的学习计划，按计划进行词汇的积累和学习，避免盲目记忆和浪费时间。
2. 创造学习环境：营造一个良好的学习环境，远离干扰，并保持专注力。
可以选择一个安静的地方，集中精力进行学习。
3. 创造记忆场景：通过创造具体的记忆场景，将单词和场景联系起来，帮助记忆。
2008年职称英语等级考试必背词汇(最新版)
调查,勘探
175
bearing
influence
关系,影响
176
cater for
meet
满足,迎合
177
collaborate
cooperate
合作,勾结
178
collide with
run into
碰撞
179
compel
force
强迫，迫使
180
comprehend
understand
certain
不可避免的
021
isolated
solitary
孤立的
022
calloff
cancel
停止,取消
023
make up his mind
decide
下定决心
024
now and then
occasionally
有时,偶尔
025
find faults with
criticize
批评
026
grasp
感知，注意
014
possess
own
拥有,占有
015
substantial
significant
实质的重大的
016
spur
encourage
促进,激励
017
coverage
reportage
新闻报道
018
dimly
faintly
昏暗地
019
mildly
gently
温和地和蔼地
020
inevitable
compactly
密集地
08年专八真题及答案解析
08年专八真题及答案解析在备考英语专业八级考试时，熟悉往年的真题是非常重要的。
通过对真题的解析和分析，可以更好地了解考试的出题规律和重点内容，有助于提高备考效果。
本文将对2008年的英语专业八级真题进行解析，帮助考生更好地备考。
一、听力部分听力部分是英语专业八级考试的重要组成部分，也是很多考生感到困难的部分。
2008年的专八听力部分包括短对话、长对话和听力篇章。
在备考过程中，可以通过多听多练来提高听力水平。
短对话部分主要考察考生对于日常生活和学习情景的理解。
考生需要从对话中抓住关键信息，判断说话者的意图和态度。
长对话部分则会涉及一些学术或专业知识，考生需要通过听力理解材料的内容，并回答相关问题。
对于听力篇章，考生需要综合运用听力技巧和词汇知识来理解篇章的主题、目的和关键信息。
在备考过程中，可以通过模拟真实考试环境来训练听力技巧，例如在有限的时间内听材料，并做笔记。
二、阅读部分阅读部分是英语专业八级考试的另一个重要组成部分，也是考生需要重点准备的内容之一。
2008年的专八阅读部分包括课文阅读、教材阅读和报刊杂志阅读。
课文阅读部分主要考察考生对于英语语言学和翻译理论的理解。
考生需要通过阅读理解课文的主旨、观点和论证，以及解析文章中的语言现象和翻译难点。
教材阅读部分涉及到文化、教育、社会科学等各个领域的文章。
考生需要通过阅读理解和解析文章的主题、结构和论据，以及理解文章的观点和作者的态度。
报刊杂志阅读部分则主要考查考生对于当前社会时事和热点话题的理解。
考生需要通过阅读理解并分析文章的观点、事实和论据。
在备考阅读部分时，可以多读一些相关的文章和材料，扩大自己的词汇量和句子结构的熟悉度。
同时，多做一些练习题，对照答案进行检查，找出自己的不足和问题所在，进行有针对性的提高。
三、写作部分写作部分是英语专业八级考试中的重要部分，也是很多考生感到困惑的部分。
2008年的专八写作部分包括作文和翻译两个部分。
作文部分要求考生根据提供的材料或主题，写一篇约300词的短文。
专八词汇记忆法则
专八词汇记忆法则对于英语专业的学生来说，通过专业八级考试是一项重要的目标，而词汇量的积累则是其中的关键环节。
专八词汇量大且难度较高，如何有效地记忆这些词汇成为了众多考生面临的挑战。
接下来，我将为大家分享一些实用的专八词汇记忆法则。
首先，我们要明确一个观念，那就是重复是记忆之母。
无论采用何种记忆方法，都离不开多次的重复。
我们可以将专八词汇分成若干个小组，每天安排一定的时间进行记忆和复习。
比如，每天早上记忆新的一组词汇，晚上复习当天所学以及之前学过的内容。
这样不断地循环往复，能够加深记忆的痕迹。
在记忆词汇的过程中，结合语境理解是非常重要的。
不要孤立地去记忆单词，而是要将其放在句子、段落甚至是文章中去理解。
通过阅读英文原著、杂志、报纸等，我们可以接触到大量的实际语境，更好地把握词汇的用法和含义。
比如，单词“precarious”，如果只是单纯地记住它“危险的；不稳定的”这个释义，可能很容易遗忘。
但如果我们在句子“He earned a precarious living as an artist”（他当艺术家，日子过得不稳固。
）中去理解和记忆，就能更加深刻地记住这个词的用法和含义。
运用联想和想象也是一个不错的方法。
比如，看到单词“ponderous”（沉重的；笨重的），我们可以联想“ponder”（沉思；考虑），然后想象一个人在沉思的时候，因为想得太多，头脑变得沉重起来。
再比如，“gigantic”（巨大的）这个词，我们可以把它拆分成“gig”（演出）和“antic”（古怪的），想象一场古怪的演出，舞台非常巨大。
通过这种联想和想象，能够让单词更加生动形象，易于记忆。
制作词汇卡片也是一种有效的方式。
在卡片的正面写上单词，背面写上释义、例句和相关的搭配。
这样，我们可以随时随地拿出卡片进行复习，充分利用碎片化的时间。
而且，在制作卡片的过程中，也能够加深对单词的印象。
另外，利用词根词缀来记忆词汇能够达到事半功倍的效果。
专八词汇理解技巧
专八词汇理解技巧对于英语专业的学生来说，通过专业八级考试是一项重要的目标。
而在专八考试中，词汇的理解与掌握无疑是至关重要的一环。
掌握有效的专八词汇理解技巧，不仅能够帮助我们在考试中取得更好的成绩，还能提升我们的英语综合能力。
首先，要重视词汇的语境理解。
很多时候，一个单词在不同的语境中可能会有不同的含义。
比如“address”这个单词，常见的意思是“地址”，但在“He addressed the audience”这个句子中，它的意思是“向……发表演说”。
所以，我们不能孤立地去记忆单词，而是要结合具体的句子和篇章来理解。
在阅读中积累词汇是一个非常有效的方法。
我们可以选择一些高质量的英语文章，如《经济学人》《纽约时报》等，在阅读的过程中，遇到不认识的单词，先不要急于查字典，而是通过上下文来推测其大致意思。
读完一段或一篇文章后，再统一去查阅生词，并将其记录下来。
这样不仅能够提高我们的词汇量，还能锻炼我们的阅读理解和推理能力。
词根词缀记忆法也是理解专八词汇的重要技巧之一。
很多复杂的单词都是由一些常见的词根和词缀组合而成的。
比如“un”表示否定，“pre”表示“在……之前”，“able”表示“能够……的”。
当我们遇到一个生词时，如果能够对其进行词根词缀的分析，往往能够猜出其大致的意思。
例如，“unpredictable”，“un”表示否定，“predict”表示“预测”，“able”表示“能够……的”，那么这个单词的意思就是“不可预测的”。
联想记忆法同样能发挥很大的作用。
我们可以将单词与自己熟悉的事物、场景或者经历联系起来，以便更好地记住它们。
比如“ambition”这个单词，意思是“野心，雄心”，我们可以联想到“俺必胜”，这样就更容易记住这个单词的意思和拼写。
另外，制作词汇卡片也是一种不错的方法。
将生词写在卡片的一面，释义和例句写在另一面。
可以利用碎片时间，随时随地拿出来复习。
通过不断地重复，加深对单词的记忆和理解。
专八词汇核心要点
专八词汇核心要点对于英语专业的学生来说，备战专业八级考试是一项具有挑战性的任务，而词汇则是其中的关键。
掌握专八词汇不仅需要量的积累，更需要对其核心要点有深入的理解和把握。
首先，我们要明确专八词汇的特点。
专八词汇相较于之前的英语学习阶段，难度和深度都有明显的提升。
它们往往更加学术、专业，涉及到文学、语言学、历史、哲学等多个领域。
许多词汇在日常交流中并不常见，但在特定的语境和学科中却具有重要的地位。
理解词汇的语境意义是掌握专八词汇的核心要点之一。
同一个单词在不同的语境中可能会有不同的含义。
例如，“address”这个单词，常见的意思是“地址”，但在“address the problem”这个短语中，它的意思是“处理、解决”。
因此，我们在学习词汇时，不能仅仅记住单词的表面意思，还要结合例句和上下文来理解其在具体语境中的准确含义。
记忆方法也是不可忽视的要点。
死记硬背往往效果不佳，我们可以采用多种记忆方法相结合的方式。
比如，联想法，将新学的单词与已知的事物、经历或概念联系起来，形成生动的记忆图像。
再比如，词根词缀记忆法，了解常见的词根和词缀的含义，能够帮助我们推测和理解许多陌生单词的意思。
以“unbelievable”为例，“un”是否定前缀，“believe”是“相信”，“able”表示“可……的”，综合起来就是“难以置信的”。
同时，分类记忆也是一个有效的方法。
将词汇按照主题、词性、用途等进行分类，有助于我们系统地掌握和记忆。
比如，把与教育相关的词汇归为一类，“curriculum（课程）”“pedagogy（教育学）”“tutor（导师）”等；把形容词分为一类，“gorgeous（华丽的）”“mag nificent （壮丽的）”“elegant（优雅的）”等。
再者，词汇的运用是检验是否真正掌握的重要标准。
我们不能仅仅满足于认识单词，还要能够在写作和口语中准确、自然地运用它们。
通过阅读英文原著、学术文章，模仿其中的词汇运用，进行写作练习和口语交流，能够不断提高我们对词汇的运用能力。
专八(2008)听力部分注释
专八(2008)听力部分注释Section A1, lingua franca ['liŋgwə'fræŋkə]n. 通用语2, interlock [,intə'lɔk]v. 连结,连锁3, colonial [kə'ləunjəl]a. 殖民地的4, pilgrim ['pilgrim]朝圣者5, cove [kəuv]小海湾6, convict ['kɔnvikt]囚犯,罪犯7, guardian ['gɑ:djən]监护人8, unify ['ju:nifai]v. 统一,使成一体9, indigenous [in'didʒinəs]土著的10, problematic[prɔblə'mætik]问题的, 有疑问的11, imposition [,impə'ziʃən]强迫接受,施加12, colonizer 殖民者13, institutional [,insti'tju:ʃənəl] 惯例的,制度上的14, Jamaica [dʒə'meikə]牙买加15, Uganda [ju(:)'gændə, u:'gændə]n. 乌干达16, outlet ['autlet, -lit]批发商店,奥特莱斯17, discourse [dis'kɔ:s, 'diskɔ:s]演讲，谈话18, astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]天文学19, child psychology 儿童心理学20, zoology [zəu'ɔlədʒi]动物学21.default language默认语言22.anywhere between--used for saying that a number or amount is within a particularrange, when you cannot give a single exact figure(数字)介于…之间mander Phillip --Admiral Arthur Phillip RN ( October 11, 1738(1738-10-11)- August 31, 1814 (aged 75) ) was a British naval Admiral and colonial administrator.阿瑟。
2008年考研英语完型填空重要词汇总结
2008年考研英语完型填空重要词汇总结2008年考研英语完型填空重要词汇总结本篇文章是一篇介绍个人观点的说明文，选自2005年6月的The Economist《经济学人》杂志，原文标题是The Evolution of Intelligence(智力的进化)。
08年的完型的文章结构一如既往地秉承了总分这一结构清晰的特点，第一段前两句话就提出了文章的主题，即一部分人是否比另一部分人聪明，全文围绕这一主题展开;第二、三段以Ashkenazim的例子说明了人与人智商间的差别及其导致原因和副作用。
本年完型填空考查的重点依然是词汇和逻辑连贯性，当然词汇是重中之重。
以下是本篇文章出现的高频重点词汇中的20个，让我们一起来学习吧！1. 8intelligent [?n'tel?d??nt]a.聪明的，有才智的【词根记忆】：intelligence形容词形式【真题例句】：The idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak its name. 某些群体比其他群体要更为聪明的观点是一个无人敢说出来的假设理论。
(2008年完型)2. 2hypothesis [ha?'p?θ?s?s]n.假说，假设，前提【词根记忆】：hypo(次等)+thesis(论文)→次等的论文→假说，假设，前提;复数形式hypotheses【真题例句】：Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. 后来，这种观点成为了知名的萨丕尔-沃尔夫假说，不过这个术语有点不妥。
(2004年翻译)3. 2 prepare [pr?'pe?]v.准备,预备【词根记忆】pre-(预先)+pare(做)→提前做→prepare准备,预备【短语搭配】：prepare something for someone为某人准备某物prepare for为…准备，使有准备prepare against为对付…作准备【真题例句】：But Greory Cochram is prepared to say it anyway. 但是格雷戈里.科克伦却准备将这一观点公之于众。
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TEM82008Group 1archives (TEM8)[ˈɑ:kaivz] n.A collection of historical documents or records of a government, a family, a place or an organization; the place where these records are stored 档案；档案馆The national sound archive国家音响档案馆派生词汇：archivist n.档案保管员barrier (TEM4)[ˈbæriə]n.An object like a fence that prevents people from moving forward one place to another 屏障，障碍物Show your ticket at the barrier. 请在验票处出示车票派生词汇：barrier reef 堡礁（近海岸的珊瑚礁），language barrier 语言障碍bilingual (TEM4) [baiˈliŋgwəl]adj.Able to speak two languages equally well because you have used them since you are very young/ using two language, written in two languages 会说两种语言的，用两种语言（写）的A bilingual dictionary 双语词典cram (TEM8)[kræm]v.①To push or force sb/sth into a small place; to move into a small place with the result that it is full 挤满，塞满He crammed eight people into his car. 他往他的车里硬塞进八个人。
②To learn a lot of things in a short time, in preparation for an exam （为应考）临时死记硬背He‟s been cramming for his exams all week. 他整个星期都一直在拼命准备应考。
必背搭配：cram sth into/onto sth; cram for sth派生词汇：crammed adj.塞满的，挤满的crammer n.（为应付考试的）强化训练补习学校或强化训练用书grueling[ˈgruəliŋ]adj.Very difficult and tiring, needing great effort for a long time 使人筋疲力尽的，折磨人的I‟ve had grueling day. 我一天下来累得筋疲力尽。
派生词汇：gruel n.（尤指旧时穷人吃的）稀粥，燕麦粥gruesome adj.令人厌恶的，恐怖的，可怕的sophomore (TEM4)[ˈsɔfəmɔ:]n.A student in the second year of a course of study at a college or a university.（大学）二年级学生Li Ran is a sophomore in Shanghai University of Finance and Economics. 李然是上海财经大学一名大二学生。
conceive (TEM4)[kənˈsi:v]v.①To form an idea or a plan etc. in your mind; to imagine sth 想出（主意，计划等）God is often conceived of as male. 上帝常常被想象为上帝。
②when a woman conceives a child, she is pregnant. 怀孕She is unable to conceive. 她不能怀孕。
派生词汇：conceivable adj.可想象的，可信的concept n.概念elite (TEM8)[eiˈli:t]n.A group of people in a society, etc. who are powerful and have a lot of influence, because they are rich, intelligent, etc. 上层集团，（统称）掌权人物，社会精英Public opinion is influenced by the small elite who control the media. 舆论为少数控制着新闻媒介的上层人士所左右。
派生词汇：elitism n.精英统治，精英主义fretful (TEM8) [ˈfretfəl]adj.Behaving in a way that shows you are unhappy or uncomfortable. 烦躁的，苦恼的，不舒适的She became fretful recently due to the upcoming examination. 她由于日益临近的期末考试而烦躁不安。
必背搭配：fret about sth/sb派生词汇：fret v. 苦恼，烦躁，焦虑不安mediocre (TEM8) [ˈmi:diˈəukə]adj.Not very good; of only average standard 平庸的，普通的，平常的I thought the play was only mediocre. 我认为这部戏剧只是平庸之作。
派生词汇：mediocrity n.平庸，普通，平常Exercise从Group1 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。
The BBC‟s are bulging with materials.The crowd had to stand behind ..She is in English and Chinese.I could never in all that she does in a day.He the idea of transforming the old power station into an arts center.Group 2egalitarian (TEM8)[iˈgæliˈteəriən]adj.Based on or holding, the belief that everyone is equal and should have the same rights and opportunities 主张人人平等的，平等主义的An egalitarian society 主张人人平等的社会zealous (TEM4)[ˈzeləs]adj.Showing great energy and enthusiasm for sth, especially because you feel strong about it 热情的，充满激情的A zealous preacher 充满激情的布道者派生词汇：zeal n. 热情，激情zealot n. (尤指宗教或政治的)狂热分子，狂热者affluent (TEM4)[ˈæfluənt]adj.Having a lot of money and a good standard of living 富裕的Affluent western countries 富裕的西方国家派生词汇：affluence n. 富裕prestigious (TEM4)[preˈstidʒəs]adj.Respected and admired as very important or of very high quality 有威望的，声誉高的A prestigious award 赫赫有名的奖项派生词汇：prestige n.威信，声望discretion (TEM4) [diˈskreʃən]n.The freedom or power to decide what should be done in a particular situation. 自行决定的自由，自行决定权I‟ll leave it up to you to use your discretion. 我把这件事留给你自己斟酌决定。
必背搭配：at sb‟s discretion 由某人斟酌决定，按照某人的的意见派生词汇：discretionary adj.自由决定的，酌情行事的circumvent (TEM8)[ˈsə:kəmˈvent]v.To find a way of avoiding a difficulty or a rule. 设法回避，规避They found a way of circumventing the law. 他们找到了规避法律的途径。
派生词汇：circumvention n.回避，规避nurture (TEM8)[ˈnə:tʃə]v.To care for and protect sb/sth while they are growing and developing. 养育，培养Children nurtured by loving parents. 受到慈爱的父母养育的孩子。
prospective (TEM8) [prəˈspektiv]adj.Expected to do sth or to become sth 有希望的，可能的，预期的A prospective client 潜在的客户派生词汇：prospect n.前景，前途prospector n.勘探者，探矿者gourmet (TEM4)[ˈguəmei]n.A person who knows a lot about good food and wines and who enjoys choosing, eating and drinking them 美食家，讲究饮食的人A gourmet dish 佳肴rustic (TEM4)[ˈrʌstik]adj.Typical of the country or of country people; simple 乡村的，淳朴的An old cottage full of rustic charm 充满了乡村魅力的旧农舍。
派生词汇：rusticate v.使归乡，使退居乡下Exercise从Group2 中选出最恰当的词，填入空格内。