英语高考的实词与虚词.doc

英语的虚词与实词虚词<介词、代词、连词、冠词、数词>虚词没有实在意义，不能独立承担句子成分，包括冠词、介词、连词和感叹词:而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，虚词没有词形的变化：一、冠词(art..)：用在名词前，帮助说明名词。

如：a，an，the.1.不定冠词:a，an2.定冠词：the二、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。

如in，on，from，above，behind, across, against, along, around, among, before, below, beneath, besides, beyond, despite, during, except, front, including, inside, like, into, next, near, of, onto, out, out of, outside, over, owning to, per, regarding, since, through, till, towards, under, unlike, until, up, upon, via, while, with, within, without…1.简单介词：是由一个单词构成的介词。

可分为三类：①普通介词:如at，by，for，from，in，of，on，to，with等②合成介词:如onto，into，within等③分词介词：如including等2.二重介词：是由两个简单介词连用而构成的介词。

如：from behind，since before，until after等3.短语介词：是由两个或两个以上的词所组成的短语构成的介词。

如：in front of，because of，instead of等三、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。

按在句子中的作用可分为并列连词和从属连词：After, although, also, and, anywhere, as, as long as, as soon as, because, before, both…and…but, considering, either… or… even if, even so, even though,, everywhere, for, hence, however, if, in case, in order that, instead of, likewise, never, nevertheless, not only…but also, now that, once, or, otherwise, regardless, since, so, so that, such that, thus, till, until, unless, when, whenever, wherever, whether, where, while…1.并列连词①表示平行或对等关系的并列连词：and，both…and，as well as，not only…but also，neither…nor等②表示转折关系的并列连词:but，yet，while等③表示选择关系的并列连词：or，either…or等④表示因果关系的并列连词：for，so等2.从属连词：是引导从句的连词①引导名词性从句的连词：that，whether，if②引导副词性从句的连词：when，while，as，since，before，after，once，as soon as，until，till，because，now that，although，though，even if，even though，no matter how，no matter what，whatever，however，whether…or，if，unless，so long as，as long as，in order that，so that，so…that，as if，as though，than，where，wherever 等四、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。

如：all, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, each, either, every, everybody, everything, he, her, himself, themselves, itself, I, it, me, mine, yours, neither, nobody, none, nothing, other, others, so, some, something, someone, that, these, they, this, those, us, what, whatever, when, whenever, who, whoever, whose, …五、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。

如：oh，well，hi，hello1）. 名词前面一般用冠词，代词或介词等。

①. A young man, while traveling through a desert, came across a spring of clear water. ________ water was sweet.②. Besides, shopping at this time of the year was not ________ pleasant experience.③. The young man went home ________ a happy heart.④. Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for ________ great works.⑤._______ time going by, the boy has grown into a strong man.⑥.The girl danced ______ the music of Paul Mallrat’s band.（2）. 缺主语或宾语，一般填代词。

①. Here are two bags. The blue ________ is mine.②. Suddenly the wall moved——________ was made of trees.③. New technologies have made _________ possible to turn out new products faster.④._________ is important for our students to exercise one hour every day.（3）. 并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等。

①. Each winner receives a gold medal, a diploma ________ a sum of money.②. He was very tired from doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy.③. Which do you prefer, folk music ________ pop music?（4）. 两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词（what，which，who, how, when等）。

比如宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。

这种空格需要同学们根据句子结构，分析到底是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。

①. Finally he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.②. ________hard your try, it is difficult to lose weight.③. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you’d better stay ________ you are.④. ________we have enough evidence, we cannot win the case.⑤. Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from______ their parents speak at home.⑥.At the same time, there had been a growing number of overseas students ________came back to China after study.⑦.My face turned red on hearing ________ my mother said.⑧._______ she couldn’t understand was _______ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.⑨.It was the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are.⑩.No sooner had she gone out___________ a student came to visit her.实词是指有实在意义，能独立承担句子成分的词，包括名词、代词、形容词、副词、动词和数词。

而且还有一个重要的特点，那就是，实词有词形的变化，尤其是动词，可谓变化多端：1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。

如：boy，morning，bag，ball，class，orange.2、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。

如：good，right，white，orange .3、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。

如：one，two，three，first，second，third，fourth.4、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。

如：am，is，are，have，see .5、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，说明时间、地点、程度等。

如：well，very，here，often，quietly，slowly.构词法Word Formation在英语中词的构成方式主要有三种：合成、转化和派生。