2021年上外版必修三-04 现在分词做宾语补足语和状语【学生版】

现在分词做宾语补足语和状语

1现在分词作宾语补足语

现在分词作宾补，表示宾语与作宾补的动词之间是主动关系。

.(1)动词的宾语补足语

①位于感官动词后:如catch(当场发现)，see, hear, feel, smell, watch, find, listen to,look at,

notice，observe等。

*She felt anger arising in her heart.她感到心中涌起股怒气。

*He observed a stranger hanging a round the store. 他看到一个陌生人在商店附近闲逛。

②位于使役动词后:如set, keep, have, get, leave 等。

*His question has set me thinking.他的问题使我深思。

*She kept me waiting for over twenty minutes.她让我等了20多分钟。

注意：现在分词作宾补，表示动作正在进行;动词原形作宾补，则表示动作的全过程。试比较:

*I saw him getting out of the car. 我看见他正下车。

*I saw him get out of the car. 我看见他下车了。

练习：I saw a girl __________( cry) in the street.

I caught him ____________(read) my private letter.

The joke set her_________(burst) out laughing.那个笑话使他大笑起来。

We shouldn't keep our lights___________(burn) in the day.

2现在分词作状语

(1)现在分词v-ing的形式一：一般式(doing) 与完成式(having done)

①现在分词的一般式(doing)作状语，表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生;

②现在分词的完成式(having done)作状语表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。

*Following in his father's footstep, he chose to study astronomy at university.他继承了父亲的衣钵，在大学里选择了天文学。

*Having lost all my old friends, I felt lonely and shy at my new school. 失去了我所有的老朋友，我在新学校感到孤独和害羞。

练习：________________(represent) the Student Association,I went to the airport to meet the international students.

代表学生会，我去机场迎接国际学生。

____________________ (finish)his summary，he went out for a walk.

完成总结后，他出去散步了。

(2)现在分词v-ing的形式二：主动式(doing/having done) 与被动式(being done/having been done)

现在分词的主动式(doing/having done)作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是主动关系;现在分词的被动式(being done/having been done)作状语时，表示逻辑主语和其之间是被动关系。注意:现在分词的逻辑主语是句子的主语。

*We walked along the river bank, talking and laughing. 我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。(主动) *Being repaired now，the computer can't be used. 由于现在正在修理,这台电脑不能用了。(被动)

练习：_________________(struggle）for years, he finally won the champion.

经过多年的奋斗，他终于赢得了冠军。

____________________(show) around the lab, we were led into a hall.

参观完了实验室，我们被领进了大厅。

(3)现在分词作状语的功能

现在分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式、伴随等，相当于状语从句。

①时间状语

表示时间，位于句子前半部分，可与when, while引导的时间状语从句相互转换;有时分词前加when或while以示强调。

*When(when可略) comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. = When we are comparing different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences. 在比较不同的文化时，我们往往只注意差异。

练习：____________(walk) down the street, I came across David.

= When _________ down the street, I came across David. 沿街走时，我偶然遇到了戴维。

_________________(work) for two days, Steve managed to finish his report.

= After _____________ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report.

工作了两天，史蒂夫设法完成了他的报告。

②原因状语