2012新托福测试写作必备词汇(32)

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托福写作常用词汇

托福写作常用词汇托福写作常用词汇下面是店铺整理的托福写作常用词汇，欢迎大家阅读!能，会，可以：can，(would) be able to，have the chance/opportunity to do..， get to do应该：should， be supposed to， shall， have to， must，be required to， it is necessary for sb to因素：cause， factor， reason合适：fit， suit， be suitable/fit/right需要：require， need， it is necessary for..to..，demand不变：fixed， constant， stable， unchanged (unchanging)担心：worry about， be concerned about， care about解决：solve/resolve，address，deal with，work out，tackle解释：tell， explain， spell out， say how上升，增加：(vi.)increase，go up，rise，(vt.) increase，raise (n.) growth， rise， increase.下降，减少/小：(vt.) decrease， reduce， lower (vi.) decrease，fall，drop，go/come down，decline. (n.) fall，decrease，decline， drop变：change， alter， become (different/big/small/..)， get，grow知道，了解，意识到：know， be aware/concious of， realize，get information about证实，表明：show， suggest， indicate， make it clear that很大程度上，基本上：greatly， considerably， enormously，significantly， basically提高，变好：improve， make better， enhance采取(措施)：adopt， take提出(政策)：propose， offer废除：eliminate， get rid of， do way with， dispense with 提供：provide， offer， give任务：assignment， job， work， task有用，帮助：beneficial，helpful，useful，be a great help to， do good to， bring benefit to， be good for方法：way， approach， strategy， method观点：idea， belief， view， opinion影响：affect(vt.)，influence(vt.)，have influence/effect/impact on(被)允许：allow， permit， can， may， be free to do恢复，复原：restore， recover， bring back4阻止：prevent， stop， keep (sth/sb from doing sth)花费：spend， take， cost， put in， make effort参加：join， take part in， participate in， engage in， get involved in， attend， be a part of调整，调节：adjust， regulate， control产生，创造：create，produce，make，generate，bring about， form表现，显现出：show， display， demonstrate， represent确保：ensure， guarantee， assure (of)， promise最后：in the end， eventually， at last， finally行为方式，做法：act， practice建议：suggest， say should， advise， recommend决定：decide， choose，make up one’s mind查明：find out， discover， figure out导致，引起：cause，result in，lead to，bring about，contribute to限制：limit， restrict， confine， put a limit on正在做，努力：work on延期相关：more time，extra time，extension，later deadline; put off， postpone， put back to， delay。

(完整版)托福必背高频词汇

托福必背高频词汇1. a matter of speculation =supposition n.推断2. a solicitation of =an invitation of n. 垦求;垦请3. abandoned= left a. 被遗弃的4. aberrant= abnormal a. 脱离常轨的,5. abort= quit v. 夭折;中止6. abruptly= suddenly ad. 突然地;意外地7. absorb =appeal v. 吸收;被…吸引8. absorb= learn(学习) v. 吸收9. absorb= take in v. 吸收;被…吸引10. abstract= not concrete a. 抽象的;非实际的11. absurd= ridiculous a. 荒谬的;可笑的12. abundance= large amount n. 大量13. abundance= great number n. 大量14. abundant = affluent a. 丰富的;大量的15. abundant= ample a. 丰富的;大量的16. abundant= numerous a. 丰富的;大量的17. abundant= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量18. abundant= substantial a. 丰富的;大量的19. abundantly= plentifully ad. 丰富地;大量地20. access =reach v. 接近21. accessible =reachable a. 可接近的22. accessible =easy to reach a. 易接近的23. accidental =unexpected a. 意外的;偶然的24. accommodate= provide for v. 提供25. accomplished =achieved a. 实现完成的26. accomplished =skilled a. 熟练的27. account= description n. 说明28. account for= explain v. 说明29. accumulate =collect v. 积累;聚集30. accumulate =pile up v. 积累;聚集聚集31. accurate =correct a. 正确的32. accurately= correctly ad. 正确地33. acknowledge= recognize v. 承认34. actually= in fact ad. 事实上35. added =extra a. 附加的;额外的36. adept =skilled a. 熟练的37. adherent= supporter n. 拥护者38. adjacent =nearby a. 毗连的39. adjacent =neighboring a. 毗连的40. adjust= modify v. 调整;改变…以适应41. administer = manage v. 管理42. admit= let in v. 准许进入43. adopt= enact v. 采用44. advance= improvement n. 发展;增长45. advent= arrival n. 出现;到来46. advent= beginning n. 出现;到来47. affair= matter n. 事件;事情48. afford= provide v. 提供;给予49. aggravate= increase v. 加重;增剧50. aggravate =annoy v. 使恼火51. aggregate= overall a. 聚集的;合计的52. aggregate= combined a. 聚集的;合计的53. agile= astute a. 灵活的;敏捷的54. agile= clever a. 灵活的;敏捷的55. agile= quick and active a. 灵活的;敏捷的56. agile= move and act quickly a. 灵活的;敏捷的57. air= feeling n. 气氛58. alarm= sound v. 警报59. alarm= warning n. 警告60. albeit= although conj. 尽管;虽然61. albeit =even though conj. 尽管;虽然62. allow= enable v. 允许63. allude= suggest v. 暗示64. allude to= refer to phrv. 提到65. ally with= link to v. 结盟66. alter= change to v. 改变67. amazing= remarkable/replacement a.令人惊讶的/非凡的68. ambiguous =vague a. 不明确的69. ambivalent =mixed a. 矛盾的70. ample= plentiful a. 充足的;丰富的71. ample =spacious a. 宽敞的72. anchor= hold in place v. 使固定73. ancient= old a. 古老的74. ancient =antique a. 古老的75. annihilate= destroy v. 消灭76. annihilate =completely remove v. 消灭77. annually= yearly ad. 每年78. anomaly= irregularity n. 异常的人或物79. antagonist =competitor n. 对手;敌手80. anticipate= expect v. 预期81. antiseptic =clean a. 抗菌的82. antithesis= opposite n. 对立面83. antler =horn n. 鹿角84. anxiety =worry n. 忧虑;担心85. apart from= exception phr. 除了…之外86. apart from =except for phr. 除了…之外87. apparatus= equipment n. 仪器;设备88. apparent =obvious a. 显然的89. apparently= clearly ad. 显然地90. appeal= attraction n. 吸引力91. appealing =attractive a. 有吸引力的92. appear= seem v. 似乎93. appearance= rise n. 出现94. appearance= arrival n. 出现95. appearance= showing up n. 出现96. application= use n. 应用97. appreciable= noticeable a. 相当可观的98. approach =method n. 方法99. approach= move toward v. 接近100. approximately= roughly ad. 大约地101. architecture= structure n. 构造102. archive= record v. 存档103. archive= stock v. 存档104. archive= store v. 存档105. arduous= difficult a. 艰巨的106. arid =dry a. 干旱的107. arise= emerge v. 出现108. arrangement= configuration n. 安排;布置109. array=range n. 一系列110. article= item n. 物品111. article= object n. 物品112. as a rule =in general phr. 通常113. assert= declare v. 断言;宣称114. assertion= strong statement n. 断言;主张115. asset= advantage n. 资产;有利条件116. assimilate= combine v. 同化117. assistance= help n. 帮助;协助118. assorted= various a. 各式各样的119. assume= believe v. 假定;设想120. assume= suppose v. 假定;设想121. assume= take on v. 承担122. assumption= premise n. 假设123. astonishing= amazing a. 惊人的124. astute= clever a. 敏锐的125. at random= without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地126. attachment to= preference for n. 依恋127. attain =achieve v. 达到;获得128. attainment =achievement n. 达到;获得129. attendant= accompanying a. 伴随的130. attest to =confirm v. 证实131. attribute= accredit v. 归于;认为132. attribute =characteristic n. 特点133. attribute to =credit with v. 归于; 认为134. attribution =character n. 属性135. augment= increase v. 增加;提高136. available =obtainable a. 可获得的137. avenue= method n. 途径;手段138. avenue =means n. 途径;手段139. avid= enthusiastic a. 热中的140. barely = just ad. 仅仅121. assume= take on v. 承担122. assumption= premise n. 假设123. astonishing= amazing a. 惊人的124. astute= clever a. 敏锐的125. at random= without a definite pattern phr. 随便地; 任意地126. attachment to= preference for n. 依恋127. attain =achieve v. 达到;获得128. attainment =achievement n. 达到;获得129. attendant= accompanying a. 伴随的130. attest to =confirm v. 证实查看全部：托福必背高频词汇大全(完整版)131. attribute= accredit v. 归于;认为132. attribute =characteristic n. 特点133. attribute to =credit with v. 归于; 认为134. attribution =character n. 属性135. augment= increase v. 增加;提高136. available =obtainable a. 可获得的137. avenue= method n. 途径;手段138. avenue =means n. 途径;手段139. avid= enthusiastic a. 热中的140. barely = just ad. 仅仅141. barge= boat n. 驳船142. barrier= obstacle n. 障碍143. barrier =impediment n. 障碍144. battle= struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗145. be inclined =tend v. 倾向146. be accustomed to= get used to phrv. 习惯147. be aware of =familiar with phrv. 了解148. be beforehand= foreordain v. 预先149. be closer resemblance to= be more like phr. 非常相似150. be consistent with= be compatible with phr. 一致的151. be entitled to= have the right phrv. 有…权利152. beckon= invite v. 招唤;引诱153. become extinct= die out phrv. 灭绝154. being= creature n. 生命155. beneficial =advantageous a. 有益的156. blossom= flourish v. 兴旺157. blossom= thrive v. 兴旺158. boast= puff v. 吹嘘159. boast= exaggerate v. 吹嘘160. bombard= assail v. 炮击;轰击161. bombard =assault v. 炮击;轰击162. bombard =strike v. 炮击;轰击163. boom= expansion n. 激增;爆涨164. boon= great benefit n. 利益165. boost= raise v. 增加;提高166. boundary= periphery n. 边界167. branch =division n. 分支168. breed= reproduce v. 繁殖;饲养169. brilliant= bright a. 光辉的;明亮的170. brittle= breakable a. 脆弱的171. brittle= fragile a. 脆弱的172. broad appeal =wide popularity a. 广泛的吸引力173. broadly =generally ad. 大体上174. broadly= extensively ad. 大体上175. bulk= majority n. 大部份176. bulk= large part n. 大部份177. bulk =major part n. 主体178. bulk= large portion n. 大部份179. bulk= great quantity n. 大部份180. burgeon= expand v. 急速成长181. bustling= lively a. 活跃的182. camouflage= disguise v. 伪装183. camouflage =hide v. 伪装184. camouflage= decorate(装饰) v. 伪装185. camouflage= blend with circumstances v. 伪装186. cardinal= fundamental a. 基本的187. cargo= shipment n. 船货;货物188. celebrated= famous a. 着名的189. central= essential a. 主要的190. certain= specified a. 指定的191. chancy =risky a. 冒险的查看全部：托福必背高频词汇大全(完整版)192. channel =provide v. 提供帮助193. channel =direct v. 引导194. channel =guide v. 引导195. chaotic= disorganized a. 混乱的196. cherish =value v. 珍爱197. chief= major a. 主要的198. chisel =carve v. 刻;凿199. choose= opt v. 选择200. chronic= persistent a. 长期的;不断的201. chronic =confirmed a. 长期的;不断的202. chronic= habitual a. 长期的;不断的203. chronic =inveterate a. 长期的;不断的204chronically=constantly ad. 长期地205. circuitous =indirect a. 迂迴的206. circumstance= condition n. 环境;情况207. cite= quote v. 引用208. cite =refer to v. 引用209. classic =typical a. 典型的210. clear =visible a. 容易看见的211. clear= apparent a. 显然的212. cling to= attach to v. 附着213. close= careful a. 严密的;周密的214. clue= hint n. 线索215. coating= cover n. 覆盖层216. coincide with= be as the same time as v.同时发生217. collaborate= cooperate v. 合作218. collaboration= joint effect n. 合作成果219. collect =gather v. 收集220. collide= hit each other v. 碰撞201. chronic =confirmed a. 长期的;不断的202. chronic= habitual a. 长期的;不断的203. chronic =inveterate a. 长期的;不断的204chronically=constantly ad. 长期地205. circuitous =indirect a. 迂迴的206. circumstance= condition n. 环境;情况207. cite= quote v. 引用208. cite =refer to v. 引用209. classic =typical a. 典型的210. clear =visible a. 容易看见的211. clear= apparent a. 显然的212. cling to= attach to v. 附着213. close= careful a. 严密的;周密的214. clue= hint n. 线索215. coating= cover n. 覆盖层216. coincide with= be as the same time as v.同时发生217. collaborate= cooperate v. 合作218. collaboration= joint effect n. 合作成果219. collect =gather v. 收集220. collide= hit each other v. 碰撞221. collide with =run into v. 碰撞222. commemorate =celebrate v. 庆祝;纪念223. compact =concise a. 紧密的;简明的224. compact= compressed(结实的) a. 紧密的;简明的225. comparable= equivalent a. 可比较的226. comparative = relative a.相当的227. compel =push v. 强迫228. compelling= convincing a. 令人信服的229. compensate= reimburse v. 赔偿;补偿230. compensate for =balance phrv. 赔偿;补偿231. complaint =protest v. 抗议232. complement= supplement n. 补充物233. complement= add to v. 补充234. completely= totally ad. 完全地235. complex= elaborate a. 复杂的236. complex =system n. 复合物;综合体237. complicated =complex a. 复杂的238. complicated =made things more difficult a. 复杂的239. component= constituent a. 组成的240. composition= mixture n. 合成物241. comprehensive= understandable a. 能理解的242. comprehensive= complete a. 全部的243. comprise= form v. 组成244. comprise =make up v. 组成245. concern= interest v. 感兴趣246. conclusive= final a. 最后的247. conclusive= ultimate a. 最后的248. conducive= contributive a. 有助于...的249. configuration= arrangement n. 布局;结构250. configuration= form n. 佈局;结构251. confine =limit/boundary v. 限制252. confront= face v. 面临253. congeal= solidify v. 使凝结254. consecutive= successive a. 连续的255. consequence= result n. 结果;重要性256. consequence =importance n. 结果;重要性257. consequent= later a. 随后的258. consequent= resultant a. 作为结果的259. consequent =resulting a. 作为结果的260. consequential= significant a. 重要的261. consequently= therefore ad. 因此262. consequently= thus ad. 因此263. conserve= save v. 保存264. consider =think as v. 考虑;认为265. consider =view as v. 考虑;认为266. consider =think about v. 考虑;认为认为267. considerable= substantial/significant a. 相当大的268. consist of =compose of v. 由…组成269. consistent= regular a. 一致的270. consistently=regularly ad. 一致地271. conspicuous= notable a. 明显的272. constant =stable a. 固定的;不变的273. constantly =always ad. 经常;不断地274. constellation =collection n. 一系列;一群275. constellation =combination n. 一系列;一群276. constitution= component n. 构造277. constrain =restrict v. 限制278. constraint= limit n. 限制279. constraint= restriction n. 限制280. consume= eat up v. 消耗;吃;喝吃;喝281. consumed= used up v. 消耗282. contemplate= consider v. 沉思283. contentious= disputed a. 好争吵的284. continual= constant a. 不间断的;连续的285. continuous =uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的286. contrive= create v. 发明287. contrive= invent v. 发明288. conventional= customary a. 习惯的;惯例的289. conventional= traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的290. converging= concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的291. convert =transform v. 使转变292. convert into= change to v. 转变成293. convict= condemn v. 宣判294. convict =sentence v. 宣判295. convict =doom(判决) v. 宣判296. conviction= belief n. 相信;信念297. conviction =strong belief n. 坚定的信念298. cope with= handle phrv. 应付;处理299. cope with= deal with phrv. 应付;处理300. copious= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的281. consumed= used up v. 消耗282. contemplate= consider v. 沉思283. contentious= disputed a. 好争吵的284. continual= constant a. 不间断的;连续的285. continuous =uninterrupted a. 连续的;持续的286. contrive= create v. 发明287. contrive= invent v. 发明288. conventional= customary a. 习惯的;惯例的289. conventional= traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的290. converging= concentrating a. 收缩的;会聚的291. convert =transform v. 使转变292. convert into= change to v. 转变成293. convict= condemn v. 宣判294. convict =sentence v. 宣判295. convict =doom(判决) v. 宣判296. conviction= belief n. 相信;信念297. conviction =strong belief n. 坚定的信念298. cope with= handle phrv. 应付;处理299. cope with= deal with phrv. 应付;处理300. copious= plentiful a. 丰富的;大量的301. core =center n. 核心;要点302. correspondence= harmony n. 一致303. corroborate= confirm v. 证实;确证304. costly= expensive a. 贵重的;昂贵的305. counsel =advise v. 忠告306. countless= innumerable a. 数量很多的307. counter= oppose v. 反对308. counter of= in the opposite of a. 相反的309. counterpart= version(版本) n. 复本;副本310. counterpart= similitude(类似物) n. 复本;副本311. counterpart= equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本321. critical= essential a. 关键的322. criticize =debate(争论;辩论) v. 批评;责备323. crucial= important a. 重要的324. crucially= decisively ad. 关键地325. crushed =ground a. 碾碎了的326. cumbersome awkward a. 笨重的;麻烦的327. cumbersome= clumsy a. 笨重的;麻烦的328. cumbersome= unwieldy a. 笨重的;麻烦的329. curb= control v. 控制;遏止330. current =present a. 现在的331. dam= block v. 筑坝;控制341. delight= pleasure n. 高兴;愉快342. deluxe= lavish a. 奢华的343. demand= need n. 需要;需求344. demise =extinction n. 死亡345. demography= population n. 人口统计346. dense= crowded a. 稠密的;密集的347. dense= thick a. 稠密的;密集的348. depend= rely on v. 依赖;依靠依靠349. dependable= reliable a. 可信赖的350. depict= describe v. 描述351. depict= portray v. 描写;描绘352. depletion= drain n. 消耗;用尽353. deposit =accumulate v. 沉积354. deposit= lay down v. 放下;放置355. derive= arise v. 源于;导出356. design =create v. 设计357. designate= identify v. 命名;指定358. detractor= critic(批评者) n. 诽谤者;恶意批评者359. detrimental =harmful a. 有害的;不利的360. deviate= digress v. 偏离361. deviation= departure n. 背离362. devise= create v. 设计;发明363. devoid of= lack of a. 缺乏的364. devoid of= without(prep.) a. 缺乏的365. devoid of= scant of a. 缺乏的366. devoted =dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心致志的367. devoted to =concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志的368.discernible = noticeable a. 可感知到，可注意到的369. dictate= determine v. 口授;命令370. dictate= order v. 命令371. differential= uneven a. 差别的;独特的372. diffuse =travel v. 扩散;散布373. diffuse= spread(out) v. 扩散;散布374. diligent= careful a. 勤奋的375. diligently= carefully ad. 勤奋地376. dilute= reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱377. dim= decrease v. 变暗淡378. disassemble= break apart v. 拆开379. disassemble =break up v. 拆开380. disband =dismiss v. 解散;遣散381. discard= throw away v. 摒弃;丢弃382. discard= throw up v. 摒弃;丢弃丢弃383. discernible= noticeable a. 可辨别的384. discernible= discriminating a. 可辨别的385. discharge= release v. 释放386. disentangle =disband v. 解开387. disgust= distaste v. 厌恶388. disintegrate= break apart v. 分解;碎裂389. disintegrate =fall apart v. 分解;碎裂390. disintegrate= tear apart v. 分解;碎裂391. dismantle =demolish v. 拆开;拆除392. disorder= anarchy n. 混乱393. dispensable= not necessary a. 非必要的394. dispersal =distribution n. 散布;驱散395. displace= move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开396. disposition= temperament n. 性格;性情397. dispute= contention n. 争论;争执398. dispute =argument n. 争论;争执399. dissipate= disperse v. 驱散400. dissipated =dispersed a. 分散的401. dissuade =discourage v. 劝阻402. distinct= clear and recognizable a. 清楚的;明确的403. distinction= difference n. 差别404. distinction= honor n. 荣誉405. distinction= excellence n. 优秀;卓越406. distinctive= characteristic a. 有特色的407. distinguish= notice from the difference v. 区别; 识别408. distribute= spread v. 分配;散布409. distribution= dispersion n. 散布410. distribution =geographic range n. 分布区域411. disturb= upset v. 打乱;扰乱412. diverse= distinct a. 不同的413. diversification= emergence of many varieties n. 多样化414. diversity =variety n. 多样性415. divest =deprive v. 剥夺416. divest =get rid of v. 剥夺417. domestic= home a. 家庭的;国内的418. dormant= hibernated a. 休眠的;不活动的419. dormant= inactive a. 休眠的;不活动的420. dramatically= greatly ad. 戏剧性地421. drastic= extreme a. 激烈的;极端的422. drastically =obviously ad. 大大地;彻底地423. drastically =severely(严重地) ad. 大大地;彻底地424. dual =double a. 双的;双重的425. duplicate= copy v. 复制426. duplicate= repeat n. 复本427. durable= lasting a. 经久的;持久的428. earn= acquire v. 赚得;赢得429. ease= facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻;使缓和430. eccentric= erratic a. 古怪的;反常的431. eccentric =strange a. 古怪的;反常的432. efface= eliminate v. 消去433. elaborate =detailed a. 精巧的;详尽的434. elaborate= dainty a. 精巧的;详尽的435. elapsed =passed a. 过去的;经过的436. element =weather condition n. (恶劣的)天气437. eliminate= remove v. 排除;消除438. elusive =difficult to catch a. 难懂的;难捉摸的439. emanate= emerge v. 散发;产生440. embark on=start v. 从事(着手)441. embed= insert v. 插入;植入442. embed= implant v. 插入;植入443. embed =enclose v. 插入;植入444. emergence= appearance n. 出现445. emergency =crisis n. 紧急情况446. emergent =developing a. 新兴的447. employ= use v. 利用448. enable =allow v. 使能够449. enactment= establishment n. 制定450. encapsulate= state briefly v. 概述451. encourage= stimulate v. 激励;刺激452. endangered= not abundant a. 濒临绝种的453. endeavor= enterprise n. 努力454. endow= bestow v. 捐赠455. engulf= swallow v. 吞没456. enhance= improve v. 提高;增强457. enhance= intensify v. 提高;增强458. enjoy =experience v. 经历459. enlist= obtain v. 谋取(支持、赞助等)460. enormous= great a. 巨大的461. enrich= enhance v. 使富足462. ensue= result v. 因…产生463. ensuing= subsequent a. 接着发生的464. ensure= guarantee v. 保证;担保465. entail=l involve v.牵涉466. enthusiastic= eager a. 热情的467. environment= setting n. 环境468. ephemeral =short-lived a. 短暂的469. ephemeral =transient a. 短暂的470. episode= event n. 事件471. equilibrium= balance n. 平衡472. era =period n. 时代;年代473. eradicate= remove completely v. 根除;消灭474. erect =build v. 建立475. erratic= unpredictable a. 不稳定的;古怪的476. erratic= irregular a. 不稳定的;古怪的477. escalate= extend v. 逐步扩大478. essential= crucial a. 极重要的479. established =qualified a. 已制定的480. establishment =formation(构成) n. 建立;创立481. estimate= projection n. 估计482. estimation =evaluation n. 估计483. euphoric= extremely happy a. 心情愉快的484. evaluate= judge v. 评价485. eventual= later a. 最后的486. eventually= later ad. 最后487. eventually= ultimately ad. 最后488. evidence= proof n. 证据489. evident= apparent a. 明显的490. evident =obvious a. 明显的491. evoke= arouse v. 唤起;引起492. evoke= draw v. 唤起;引起493. evoke=produce v. 唤起;引起494. evoke= promote v. 唤起;引起495. evoke= stimulate v. 唤起;引起496. evoke =create in the mind v. 唤起; 引起497. exaggerate =overstate v. 夸张;夸大498. excavate =dig out v. 挖掘499. excavation =dug-out n. 挖掘500. exceed= surpass v. 超越;胜过501. exceed =beyond above v. 超越;胜过胜过502. exceedingly =extremely ad. 极其;非常503. excess =go beyond n. 超越; 胜过504. exclusively= only ad. 专门地;独占地505. excrete= expel v. 排泄;分泌506. exercise =use v. 运用507. exhausted= tired a. 精疲力竭的508. exhausted= used up a. 耗尽的;用完的509. exhibit =demonstrate v. 展示;陈列510. exhibit =display v. 展示;陈列511. expand= stretch v. 展开;增长512. expand =increase v. 展开;增长513. expanse= area n. 一大片区域514. expansive= large a. 广阔的515. expediency= convenience n. 方便;利己516. expediency= advantage(优势;利益) n.方便;利己517. expedient= fitting a. 权宜的;方便的518. expend= use v. 耗尽519. explicit =obvious a. 明确的;清楚的520. explicitly= clear ad. 明确地521. exploit= utilize v. 利用522. exploit= take advantage of v. 利用523. exploit= make use of v. 利用524. explore= investigate v. 探测;探索525. expose to= subject to (遭受) v. 使经历526. express= communicate v. 表达527. extant= existing a. 现存的;尚存的528. extant =remaining a. 现存的;尚存的529. extant= not extinct a. 现存的;尚存的530. extend= stretch v. 延伸531. extend= reach v. 延伸532. extol =praise v. 赞美533. extraneous= inessential a. 无关的;外来的534. extraneous= from outside a. 无关的;外来的535. extraordinary= exceptional a. 异常的536. exude= release v. 渗出;发散537. exude= give off v. 渗出;发散538. fabricate= produce v. 制造539. far-reaching= extensive a. 深远的;广泛的540. far-reaching= broad a. 深远的;广泛的541. fascinating= extremely attractive a. 迷人的542. fashion= make v. 形成;造543. fashion= way n. 样子;方式544. fashionable =popular a. 流行的;时尚的545. feasible= achievable a. 可实行的546. feasible= practical a. 可实行的547. feast= eating n. 盛宴548. ferry= transport n. 渡轮549. fertile= reproductive a. 肥沃的;多产的550. fertile= productive a. 肥沃的;多产的551. figure out =map(详细规划) phr. 计算出;解决552. finding= discovery n. 发现553. first and foremost =above all phr. 首先;首要地554. flake =fragment n. 小薄片555. flattery= praise n. 恭维556. flee= run away from v. 逃走557. flexible= adaptable a. 易适应的558. float= stay on the top v. 漂浮559. float =upward rise phrv. 浮起560. flourish =prosper v. 繁荣;兴旺561. flourish= thrive v. 繁荣;兴旺562. flourishing= prosperous a. 繁荣的563. flow= movement n. 流动564. fluctuate= change v. 变动565. fluctuation= variation n. 变动;起伏566. focal= point centre area n. 焦点567. follow= track v. 跟随568. for instance= for example phr. 例如569. forage= feed n. 饲料570. forage =search for food v. 觅食571. formidable =excessive a. 巨大的572. foster= encourage v. 鼓励573. foster= urge v. 培养;促进574. foster =promote the development of v.培养;促进575. foul= pollute v. 污染576. fragment= break up v. 使成碎片577. fragmentation= break n. 破裂578. fragmentize= break up v. 使成碎片579. frankly =openly ad. 坦白地580. frankly= sincerely ad. 真诚地581. friction= conflict n. 争执;不合582. function= operation n. 效用;作用583. function= utility n. 效用;作用584. fundamental =basic a. 基础的585. funds= money n. 资金586. furthermore= in addition ad. 此外587. gap= opening n. 缺口;裂口588. gear =adjust v. 使适合589. generate= produce v. 产生590. genuinely =actually ad. 真诚地591.get accustomed to= become used to phrv.习惯592. give rise to= produce phrv. 引起593. given =particular a. 规定的;特定的594. govern= regulate v. 统治;管理595. govern= control v. 统治;管理596. grasp =understand v. 领会;理解597. groom= clean v. 装扮;使整洁598. groom =make up v. 装扮;使整洁使整洁599. groundless =unfounded a. 无根据的600. grounds =reasons n. 根据;理由601. groundwork= base n. 基础602. groundwork= basis n. 基础603. groundwork= foundation n. 基础604. grudging= unenthusiastic a. 勉强的605. guarantee= ensure v. 保证;担保606. hallmark= characteristic n. 戳记，标志607. hamper =district v. 防碍;束缚608. hamper= restrict v. 防碍;束缚609. hamper =make difficulty v. 防碍;束缚610. handy= convenient a. 便利的;灵活的611. haphazard= random a. 随意的612. harness= use v. 利用613. harness= utilize v. 利用614. harsh= drastic a. 严厉的;严酷的615. hasty= hurried a. 匆匆的;急忙的616. haul= pull v. 拉617. have nothing to do with= in no relation to phrv. 不相干618. havoc= destruction n. 浩劫619. hazard =danger n. 危险620. heed= notice v. 留心;注意621. heighten= increase v. 增加;提高622. heir= inheritor n. 继承人;后继者623. hence= therefore ad. 因此624. heritage =legacy n. 遗产;传统625. heritage= tradition n. 遗产;传统626. heterogeneous= varied a. 由不同种类组成的627. hide= conceal v. 隐藏628. hinder= interfere with v. 妨碍629. hint= clue n. 暗示;迹象630. hint= implication n. 暗示;迹象631. hint= indication n. 暗示;迹象632. hint= lead n. 暗示;迹象633. hire= employ v. 雇用634. hobby= pastime n. 嗜好635. hold =support v. 支撑;保持636. hold= keep up v. 支撑;保持保持637. hollow= an empty space n. 中空638. homogeneous =uniform a. 同种的639. host of =great number n. 大量640. however =yet conj. 然而641. hub= center n. 中心642. huge= large a. 巨大的643. hurdle =fence v. 用篱笆围644. hypothetical =supposed a. 假设的;假定的645. ice sheet= glacier(冰河) n. 冰原646. identical= the same a. 同样的647. idiosyncrasies =peculiarity n. 特性648. ignite= set on fire v. 点燃649. illusion= impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像650. immediately= closest ad. 接近;紧接着651. immense= great a. 巨大的652. immense= huge a. 巨大的653. immense= vast a. 巨大的654. immensely= extremely ad. 非常655. immigration= movement n. 移居656. immobile= fixed a. 固定的;静止的657.immobility= absence of motion n. 固定;静止658. immoral= indecent a. 不道德的659. immoral= improper a. 不道德的660. impermeable= impenetrable a. 不能渗透的661. impermeable =impervious a. 不能渗透的662. impetus= stimulus v. 刺激;促进663. impetus= incentive n. 刺激;促进664. implausible= unbelievable a. 难以置信的665. implement= tool n. 工具666. imply= indicate v. 意味667. imposing= impressive a. 给人深刻印象的668. imprecise= inexact a. 不精确的669. improbable= unlikely a. 不像会发生的670. in fact= actually phr事实上671. in great demand =in popularity phr. 普遍672. in respect to= in term of phr. 就…而言673. inaccessible= unreachable a. 难接近的674. inadvertently= unintentionally ad. 非故意地675. inadvertently =without knowing ad. 非故意地676. inauspicious= unfavorable a. 不吉利的677. incidentally= by the way ad. 顺便一提678. inclement =unfavorable a. (气候)严酷的679. inconceivable= unimaginable a. 难以置信的680. inconclusive= without result(毫无结果) a. 不确定的681. incorporate= include v. 包含682. incorporate= merge v. 吸收;併入683. incursion= invasion n. 入侵684. indicate= demonstrate v. 指示;指出685. indigenous =native a. 本土的;土生土长的686. indispensable =essential a. 不可缺少的687. indispensable= necessary a. 不可缺少的688. indispensable= needed a. 不可缺少的689. indispensable= required a. 不可缺少的690. indispensable= vital a. 不可缺少的691. indispensable= significant(重要的) a.必不可少的692. induce =bring v. 引起693. induce =cause v. 引起694. ineffectively= without any result ad. 无效地695. inert= motionless a. 迟缓的;惰性的696. inert= motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的697. inevitable= unavoidable a. 不可避免的698. inference= conclusion n. 推断的结果699. infirm= weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的700. inflate= expand v. 膨胀;扩大701. infrastructure= foundation n. 基础建设702. ingenious= very clever a. 心灵手巧的703. ingenuity= cleverness n. 心灵手巧;独创性704. ingenuity= creativeness n. 心灵手巧;独创性705. ingenuity= inventiveness n. 心灵手巧;独创性706. ingenuity= resourcefulness n. 心灵手巧;独创性707. inherent= essential a. 内在的;固有的708. inherent= internal a. 内在的;固有的709. inherent= instinctive a. 与生俱来的710. inherent= in characteristic of a. 与生俱来的711. inherently =essentially ad. 固有地712. inhibit =hinder v. 约束;抑制713. inhospitable= unfavorable a. 冷淡的;不适宜的714. inhospitable= adverse a. 冷淡的;不适宜的715. initial= first a. 最初的716. initially =originally ad. 最初;开头717. initiate= begin v. 开始;创始718. initiate =start v. 开始;创始719. innovation =new n. 革新;创新720. innovative= new a. 创新的721. inordinate= excessive a. 过度的722. install= put in place v. 放置，安置723. instant= moment n. 片刻;瞬间724. instantaneous= immediate a. 即刻的725. instigate= incite v. 唆使;煽动726. instructive= informative v. 富有教育意义的727. insufficient= inadequate a. 不足的728. intact= untouched a.完好的729. intangible =nonmaterial a. 无形的730. intangible= immaterial a. 无形的731. integral= essential a. 构成整体所需要的732. intense =strong a. 强烈的733. intentionally= deliberately ad. 有意地;故意地734. intermediate= in-between a./n. 中间的;媒介735. intimate =close a. 亲密的736. intricate= complex a. 复杂的737. intricate =carefully shaped a. 复杂的738. intrigue= interest v. 引发…兴趣。

托福写作必备词汇和短语

托福写作必备词汇和短语1.表示“认为、主张、相信”等意思的词汇believe, argue, assert, maintain, hold, propose, suggest, recommend等。

2.表示“反对、不支持”等意思的词汇oppose, disagree, disapprove, criticize, voice opposition to等。

3.表示“介绍、描述”等意思的词汇describe, explain, delve into, illustrate, shed light on等。

4.表示“评论、评价”等意思的词汇assess, evaluate, rate, critique, appraise等。

5.表示“提出建议、要求”等意思的词汇suggestion, proposal, recommendation, advice, demand等。

6.表示“重要、必要性”等意思的词汇essential, crucial, significant, important, crucial等。

7.表示“问题、问题所在”等意思的词汇1issue, problem, question, difficulty, challenge等。

8.表示“优点、好处”等意思的词汇benefit, advantage, positive aspect, upside等。

9.表示“缺点、不利之处”等意思的词汇drawback, disadvantage, downside等。

10.表示“举例”等意思的词汇for example, for instance, such as等。

11.表示“总结”等意思的词汇summary, conclusion, bottom line等。

12.表示“改变、变化”等意思的词汇change, transformation, shift等。

当然，除了上述所列举的词汇和短语外，还有许多其他的常用词汇和短语，考生可以根据自己的实际情况进行总结和积累。

托福综合写作话题词汇

托福综合写作话题词汇1. 观点 (Opinion)2. 讨论 (Discussion)3. 问题 (Issue)4. 研究 (Research)5. 调查 (Survey)6. 实践 (Practice)7. 理论 (Theory)8. 现象 (Phenomenon)9. 方法 (Method)10. 结论 (Conclusion)11. 规则 (Rule)12. 解决方案 (Solution)13. 影响 (Impact)14. 原因 (Reason)15. 优点 (Advantage)16. 缺点 (Disadvantage)17. 主题 (Theme)18. 趋势 (Trend)19. 社会问题 (Social issue)20. 科技发展 (Technological development)21. 经济增长 (Economic growth)22. 文化差异 (Cultural differences)23. 教育问题 (Educational issues)24. 健康问题 (Health issues)25. 环境保护 (Environmental protection)26. 交通拥堵 (Traffic congestion)27. 全球化 (Globalization)28. 广告行业 (Advertising industry)29. 政府政策 (Government policies)30. 社交媒体 (Social media)31. 女性权益 (Women's rights)32. 科学发现 (Scientific discoveries)33. 文化遗产 (Cultural heritage)34. 青少年问题 (Teenage problems)35. 高效能学习 (Efficient learning)36. 污染问题 (Pollution issues)37. 能源危机 (Energy crisis)38. 食品安全 (Food safety)39. 水资源短缺 (Water scarcity)40. 全球变暖 (Global warming)。

托福写作英语单词

托福写作英语单词托福写作必备英语单词托福的作文之所以难以拿高分，其中一个原因就是词汇量。

下面，店铺为大家整理了一些托福写作必备英语单词，希望对大家有用。

独立思考：think independently在理解的基础上学**：learn things through understanding学生的反馈：students’ feedback学生评价老师的教学：students appraise/ evaluate their teachers’performance通才：n. generalist专才：n. specialist全面发展的：adj. well-rounded为社会健康发展做贡献：contribute to societal well-being (orwelfare)人文学科：n. humanities社会科学：social sciences艺术：n. arts职业教育：vocational education/ training互动：vt. interact学校给学生的教育：n. schooling学校提供的'课程总称：n. curriculum ( pl. curricula)心理的：adj. psychological参与：n. participation ≈ involvement干扰：n. distraction记忆：vt. memorize获取：vt. acquire以教师为中心的：adj. teacher-centered文科总称：n. liberal studies/ arts理科：n. sciences工科：n. engineering基础科学：basic sciences应用科学：applied sciences学科(通称)：纪律 n. discipline 管教vt.discipline自制力：n. self-discipline小(中、大)学教育：primary-level (or secondary-level/tertiary-level ) education以学生为中心的：adj. student- centered熟练掌握……：be proficient in作业(注意它是可数名词，与homework不同)： n.assignment 选修课：n. elective学分：n. credit青少年：n. adolescent ;青春期的 adj.adolescent教学法：teaching/ pedagogical methodology适应：adapt to sth./ adjust oneself to sth./ becomeaccustomed to sth.适应能力：n. adaptability应用：v. apply把学生分开教育：segregate students团队精神：team spirit【托福写作必备英语单词】。

新托福独立写作必背话题词汇

可信的 adj. reliable/ trustworthy
道德准则 code of conduct
无处不在的 adj. ubiquitous/ prevalent
处在公众注意力的焦点 in the spotlight
传闻 n. gossip
四、Success 成功
决心 n. determination 座右铭 n. motto
of all proportions
公正客观的 objective and balanced
揭露 v. expose/ reveal
侵犯隐私 violate someone’s privacy
毁坏某人的名誉 tarnish one’s reputation
掩盖 v. cover up/ gloss over
过多的暴力与色情内容 excessive violent
and pornographic contents
有误导性的 adj. misleading/ distorted
报道非常详尽的细节 report sth. in detail
夸大事件 exaggerate things/ blow things out
名望 n. fame
不幸 n. misfortune
残疾的 adj. disabled 对手 n. rival
在某方面成功 succeed in sth.
态度 n. attitude 毅力 n. perseverance
逆境 n. adversity/ hardship
决定性的，有决断力的 adj. decisive
完全与世隔绝 entirely cut off from the

托福写作必备词汇

托福写作必备词汇1.解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle2.损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize3.给予：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford4.培养：Develop, cultivate, foster5.优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength6.缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness7.使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle8.重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative9.认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced10.保护：Protect, conserve, preserve11.确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge12.有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental13.要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition14.消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away15.导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate16.因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this17.增长至：Grow to，rise to，increase to，go up to，climb to，ascendto，jump to，shoot to18.降低至：Dip to，fall to，decline to，decrease to，drop to，go down to，reduce to，slump to，descend to，sink to，slide to19.保持稳定：Level out，do not change，remain stable，remain still，remain steady，be stable，maintain the same level，remain unchanged，be still，remain the same level，stay constant，keep at the same level，level off，stabilize，keep its stability，even out20.急剧地：Dramatically，drastically，sharply，hugely，enormously，steeply，substantially，considerably，significantly，markedly，surprisingly，strikingly，radically，remarkably，vastly，noticeably21.平稳地：Steadily，smoothly，slightly，slowly，marginally，gradually，moderately，mildly22.宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim23.发生：Happen, occur, take place24.原因：Reason, factor, cause25.发展：Development, advance, progress26.有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding，advantageous27.影响：Influence, impact, effect28.明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear29.占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose30.与…相比：Compared with，compared to，in comparison with，in comparison to，by comparison with，by comparison to31.对比而言：By contrast，in contrast，on the other hand，on the contrary=，conversely32.展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe33.大约：Approximately，almost，about，around，nearly，roughly34.波动：Fluctuate，go ups and downs，display a fluctuation，demonstrate a fluctuation35.事实上：Practically，in practice，essentially，in essence，in reality，in effect，in fact，as a matter of fact，it is a fact that36.换言之：Namely，that is to say，in other words，to put it like this，to put it differently，to put it from another way，to put it from another angle.。

新托福写作必备100个词汇

新托福写作必备100个词汇新托福写作必备100个词汇1. 持某观点: claim (contend reckon share the belief that )2. 支持某观点: advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favorof )3. 反对某观点: contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on )4. 合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)5. 好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive side)6. 弊端：disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side)7. 肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denyingthat)8. 不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)9. 重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable)10. 有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental ）11. 有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）12. 有争议的：controversial (disputable, contentious)13. 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal)14 显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously, substantially)15. 明显的：evident (apparent, manifest)16. 增强：enhance (strengthen intensify)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势： trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见： predict （expect, project）21. 带来 bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起 create （spark, yield, give rise to）23. 建立 establish （found, institute）24. 要求 call for （request，demand）25. 去除 eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨 explore (examine, identify)27. 描绘 depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果 consequence( aftermath; outcome)29. 足够 adequate（enough; sufficient）30. 解决 tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识 awareness(consciousness)32. 控制 curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for（be responsible for）34. 投资 finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解 relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力 stress ( pressure, strain)37. 和谐 harmony ( concordance)38. 继承 inherit (hand down)39. 培养 cultivate（train, foster）40. 促进 promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应 adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供 provide (render, afford)43. 替代 replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护 preserve (protect)45. 证据 evidence (proof)46. 赢得 gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 灾难 disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49. 发展 advance (progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引 attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的 be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现 achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害 endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害 undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍 hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止 forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备 blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染 pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀 erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗 deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突 conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使 prompt (spur, incite)65.贪婪的 acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)66. 自私的 self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)67. 体谅的 considerate (understanding, sympathetic)68. 冷漠的 indifferent (apathetic, aloof)69. 奢侈的 wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)70. 残忍的 inhumane(brutal, barbaric)71. 绝望的 hopeless（despairing, desperate）72. 过分的 excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)73. 激烈的 intense (fierce, vigorous)74. 严厉的 stringent (rigorous, rigid)75. 奇怪的 eccentric (odd, peculiar)76. 难以置信的 unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)77. 惊人的 extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)78. 有抱负的 ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）79. 固有的 inherent（nature, innate）80. 稳定的 steady (stable, constant)81. 恶化 worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)82. 夸大 exaggerate ( overstate)83. 限制 restrain (constrain, confine)84. 拆除 tear down（knock down, pull down）85. 加速 accelerate (speed up, precipitate)86. 占优势 predominate (dominate)87. 分辨 distinguish (differentiate, discern)88. 抵消 counteract (offset, cancel out)89. 开展 launch (conduct, carry out)90. 颁布 enact (enforce, promulgate )91. 生活节奏 pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life)92. 影响 influence(effect, impact)93. 差异 difference (distinction, gap)94. 交流 communicate(exchange, associate)95. 接触 have access to（make contact with, keep in touch with）96. 优先 give priority to (put…into first place)97. 节约 economize ( conserve, cherish)98. 参与 participate in ( take part in, engage in)99. 措施 measure (step, action)100. 注意 beware ( prevent, guard against)扫描二维码限时获取免费视频课程。

托福写作中常用的词汇

托福写作中常用的词汇托福写作常用词汇是在托福写作备考中十分重要的一个环节，为了更好的应对托福写作准备一些托福写作中常用的词汇是必须的。

下面文都国际小编就收集了托福写作中常用的词汇，供同学们参考。

1、合作:cooperate、join forces、 make joint efforts、work side by side;2、支持，赞成:uphold、agree with、in favor of、approve of;3、优秀的:perfect、brilliant、first rank、first-class;4、有益的、建设性的:useful、helpful、valuable、constructiv;5、永远的:eternal、perpetual 、lasting throughout life;6、过时的:outdated、outmoded、anachronistic、 antiquated;7、年轻人：young people、youth、youngster、young adult ;8、短暂的：transitory、transient、ephemeral、short-lived ;9、一些：a range of、a variety of、a series of、an array of ;10、承认：admit、confes、acknowledge、concede;11、利用：use、take advantage of ;12、想法：frame of mind、mind set、the way one is thinking ;13、支持：support、endorse、uphold、back up ;14、不恰当：inappropriate、improper、unsuitable、inadequate;15、偶尔：now and then、from time to time、at times;16、合适：fit、suit、be suitable;17、需要：require、need、demand、it is necessary for..to..;18、解释：tell、 explain、 spell out、 say how;19、初始的：preliminary ;20、依序列举：list in sequence。

托福综合写作常用词语及句型

托福综合写作常用词语及句型给在准备托福考试的同学分享一些干货托福综合写作常用词语及句型1. 常用词语提示逻辑顺序：First of all, First, to start with, Second, Also, Besides, Furthermore, Moreover, Another, in addition to, Finally, Lastly, Third阅读文章指代：The reading passage, the writer, the author, writer of the reading, the reading material听力材料指代：Professor, lecturer, speaker, instructor, presenter, lecture, speech, talk, the listening, the presentation 表转折类关系词语：However, but, yet, even so, despite that, even though, although, while, whereas反驳类词语：contradicts, challenges, clashes with, conflicts with, denies, opposes, runs counter to, raises doubts about, throws …into doubt, in opposition to, in stark contrast to, in spite of, questions, cast doubt on, disagree with,研究类词语：explore, analyzes, examines, deals with, is concerned with, is about, focuses on, concentrates on, investigates(深入研究)讨论类词语：think，believes, argues, asserts, claims, contends, insists, states, indicates, discusses, raise the issue that,支持类词语：Support, confirm, back up, strengthen, bolster, advocate, reinforce观点类：Idea, view, opinion, viewpoint话题类：Issue, subject, topic证明：Proves, shows, confirms, verifies对比：Contrary to, in opposition to, in stark contrast to, in spite of2. 写作常用句型开头段1. The lecture revises the idea presented in the text that______.2. The professor actually contradicts the statement made in the passage. She is the view that ______.3. The author of the reading passage proposes _____. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in _____.(Casting-Doubt)4. The lecture and the reading passage give contradictory opinions on the topic of ________. The reading passage explains that ______ while the lecture provides several counterarguments to this view.5. The reading passage raises several doubts about _____, whereas the professor defends _____. (Casting-Doubt)6. The lecturer points out several problems with ______ in support of her claim that ________. (Casting-Doubt)7. The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about ______. In her opinion, _______.8. The lecturer and the reading passage hold completely different views toward ________, which is ________.9. The professor explains three aspects of _______, each of which has successfully addressed the problems mentioned in the reading passage (concerning _____, ______ and _______). (Problem-Solution)10. The reading passage argues that _________. However, the professor raises serious counterarguments against the reading by providing three aspects as listed below.主体段1. ____ dissolves as the professor explains that _______. (Problem-Solution)2. ____ is also solved in the lecture. (Problem-Solution)3. ____ is refuted by the fact that _____.4. ____ contradicts the issue of _____. She says that _____.5. The issue of ______ does not please the professor either. She says that ____.6. The professor acknowledge/admit ____, but also points out that ____. (存在承认、让步)7. The lecturer argues that _____. The reading, however,______.8. The first/second theory, that ________ is (also) rejected by the lecturer. He explains that _______.9. Regarding the ______, the lecturer contends that _____. He argues that ______.10. The lecturer challenges the first/second/final point in the reading regarding the _______. She says that ________.11. According to the professor, ________. According to the reading, however, _______.12. The reading argues that ________. The reading, however, holds that _______.13. The professor rejects the claim in the reading that_______. She says that _______.14. Although the reading suggests that _______, the professor argues that _________.15. The lecturer does not agree with the first/second/final point made in the reading --- that ______. She contends that _______.16. The lecturer states that ______. In contrast, the reading passage states that _______.17. According to the speaker, ________. This point directly contradicts what the passage indicates.18. The reading passage states that _______. The professor, however, states that _______.19. The professor opposes the reading passage by pointing out _______. The professor counters the claim made by the reading passage.20. The professor doubts _______. On the contrary to the reading passage, he/she points out that _______.扫描二维码限时获取免费视频课程。

(完整版)托福作文常用短语(202个)

托福写作常用短语1.忽视fail to take into account / fail to see/ be blind to2直接有利于contribute directly to3.人们的身体健康people’s physical fitness.4.一提到…就兴高采烈go into rapture at the mere mention of5考虑到…. In view of6.采取适当的措施take proper measures7 努力做某事` Make great effort to do sth.8.起到到积极作用exert/produce/have favorable/positive effects/impact/influenceon;带来灾难性的后果bring about a disastrous impact on9.无可否认There is no denying the fact that/No one can deny the fact that10.极其严重的问题an extremely serous problem.11.对…持支持态度tend to have a favorable attitude toward sth.12.忽视be blind to sth13.付出沉重的代价pay a heavy price.14.大部分人the majority of people15.交往能力interpersonal skill16.使他们处于有利地位put them in a favorable position17.无可争辩it is indisputable that18.过着痛苦的生活have a miserable life and have to face the danger of starvationand exposure.19.这一观点被广泛接受this view is widely /commonly held/accepted/widelyacknowledged/generally accepted20.不遗余力spare no efforts to do something.21.巩固他们的机会enhance their opportunity.22….使我相信…….. lead me to believe that23.生死攸关的问题 a matter of life and death-a matter no one can afford to ignore24.随着along with25.经济快速发展rapid economic development/growth26.一定会be bound to27. 发挥重要的作用play an extremely important role28.威胁人类生存threaten to end human life.29.缓解交通阻塞ease traffic jams30.身体健康physical fitness31.尽管有明显优点，但也存在它的问题Despite many obvious advantages of sth, it is not without its problems.31.不能相比在…方面sth cannot be compared with sth on…32.优点远远大于缺点its advantages far outweigh its disadvantages33.存在争议there is general discussion over sth.34.引起广泛关注cause wide public concern35.必须指出It must be noted that36.许多人存在这样的误解 A large number of people tend to live under the illusionthat37.我同意…的观点I am in favor of the opinion that ….38.我们的社会发生巨大的变化our society has been dramatically changed39. 取得了巨大的进步make an extraordinary/tremendous progress in….40.越来越多的人people in growing numbers41.显出强烈的愿望express a strong desire to.42.生活的的中心the focus of one’s life43.快乐和满足的源泉the source of one’s happiness and contentment44.过上健康有意义生活adopt a healthy and meaningful life style45. 日益飞涨be soaring by day.46.产生长远的影响Produce a far-reaching impact on sth.47.工作压力越来越大，休闲时间越来越少work is more stressful and less leisurely.48.这是…的必然结果，无法避免it is an indisputable(inevitable) result of…and there is no wayto avoid it.49.成为…不可缺少的一部分become an indispensable part of50.让我们的生活更舒适，减少了大量的劳动make our life and work more comfortable andless laborious.51.一般工人average worker52.成千上万的人millions of people53.保持优势keep a favorable position54.我完全相信I am fully /firmly convinced that…55.在消失be undergoing a decline56.不见得是坏事it is not necessary a bad thing.57.经济增长economic growth58.人工设施artificial facility59.快速增长fast rise in number of60.最终导致eventually lead to61.呈增长趋势there is a growth tendency62.某事有很多优点sth enjoys obvious advantages63.实践性技能practical skills64.同样重要it is equally important65.持消极态度have an unfavorable attitude toward…66.很难想象it is hard to imagine that .67.培养他们的个性和交流能力develop and cultivate their character and interpersonal skills 68产生某些心理疾病suffer from certain mental illness69.做某事是不明智的it is absurd to do sth.70.重视place considerable emphasis on sth/attachimportance to71.保持..之间的平衡keep the balance between72.喜欢be fond of/ be keen on73.简单的说in brief/ in a word74…的主张（声称）the assertion that75.某人认为someone hold/believe/said/assert/deem/support/Consider/advocate that76.日益繁荣的（增加的）increasingly prosperous77.我们没有绝对的证据说…we have no definite evidence to say78.承受很大的压力undergo great pressures79.等等…and so forth80.学士学位 a bachelor degree硕士学位 a master degree81. 被放在第一位be put on the first place82.公用工程public utility83.免疫的，不受影响的be immune from84.作为普通人as normal individuals85.培养后代cultivate their offspring86.结果或许会是令人失望的the outcome may turn out to be a disappointment87.不足，缺点deficiency/ shortcoming/defect/weakness88.思维方式mode of thinking89.可以理解的understandable90.满是稀世珍宝的艺术展览馆an art gallery with various valuable rarities91.有理由相信it would be reasonable to believe that92.大量的钱huge sums of money93.有害的效果deleterious effect94.农民工rural emigrant农民peasant95….给…带来压力put pressure on..96.社会治安（秩序）social order/public security97….的手段 a vehicle for…98.选修课optional class必修课compulsory class99.翘课skip classes100.数不胜数beyond count/countless/too numerous to count101.提高国民的综合素质improve the comprehensive qualities of a generation citizens102.麻将mahjong103．资金的有效运用efficiency of money allocation投入和产出的平衡balance of input and output投入产出比input-output ratio资金运用的基本原则 a higher input-output ratio is desirable104.基础设施建设basic infrastructure105.放在首位be given the priority106…..是可以理解的…… is understandable107.似乎赶不上seem not to be able to catch up with108.给…带来压力put pressure on…109.社会治安public security/social order110.考虑take into account/consider111.重视place more emphasis on112.坚持认为consistently maintain113.我认为As for me114.见不到could not catch sight of115.找不到fail to find116.尽最大努力做某事make our maximum contribution to117.这一问题引起了越来越多的人的关注This issue is becoming a matter of concern of moreand more people118.沉迷于…addict sb. to sth/ indulge in…119重要的essential/major/principal/vital/significant/primary120.严重的severe/grave/grievous/121．上学attend school.122.离开apart from123.大量 a great deal of/ a great quantity of124.大度的magnanimous/generous125.因为due to/on account of/since126.能够have access to127.个性personal character128.妨碍prevent/hamper129.在我看来from my standpoint/ as for me130.……浮出水面……surface131.我可以坚定的说I can say without a doubt…132.更多的接触外面的世界more exposure to outside world133. Global citizen134.当从这个方面来看时when viewed from this perspective135. I both agree and disagree with this statement.136.石沉大海like a stone dropped into the sea.137.相互联系，相辅相成的be inseparably interconnected138. Concentrate sb’s time exclusively on …139. It is always top of the list of my reasons that…Lending even more credibility to my point of view is that…140. Mas low’s need hierarchy theory 马斯洛需求层次论141. Physiological needs 生理需求142.更不用说let alone…143.很容易获得be readily available144.说…有点过早it is a little haste to assert145.迎合某人的口味cater one’s taste / pander to one’s taste146.总体来说in a broad sense147.经常，总是All too often148.不利的detrimental149.教育是百年大计Education is a foundational task crucial for generations to come150.耕地arable land151.依赖于，得益于…. at the mercy of152.当务之急the most pressing matter of the moment153.支持前/后种观点的人people / those in favor of the former/ latter opinion4154.有/提供如下理由/证据have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence155.在一定程度上to some extent/ degree / in some way156.理论和实践相结合integrate theory with practice157.……必然趋势an irresistible trend of…158.日益激烈的社会竞争the increasingly fierce social competition159.眼前利益immediate interest/ short-term interest160.长远利益interest in the long run161.有其自身的优缺点has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages162.扬长避短Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones 163.取其精髓，取其糟粕Take the essence and discard the dregs164.对……有害do harm to / be harmful to/ be detrimental to165.交流思想/情感/信息exchange ideas/ emotions/ information166.跟上……的最新发展keep pace with / catch up with/ keep abreast with the latestdevelopment of …167.采取有效措施来……take effective measures to do sth….168.……的健康发展the healthy development of …169.有利有弊Every coin has its two sides…170.没有什么事物是完美的No garden without weeds171.对……观点因人而异Views on …vary from person to person172.重视attach great importance to…173.社会地位social status174.把时间和精力放在……上focus time and energy on…175.扩大知识面expand one’s scope of knowledge176.身心两方面both physically and mentally177.有直接/间接关系be directly / indirectly related to…&178.经济的快速发展the rapid development of economy179.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长the remarkable improvement / steady growth ofpeople’s living standard180.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology181.面临新的机遇和挑战be faced with new opportunities and challenges182.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that…183.社会发展的必然结果the inevitable result of social development184.引起了广泛的公众关注arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention185.不可否认It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that…186.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate187.有争议性的问题 a controversial issue188.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument189.一些人…而另外一些人…some people… while others…190.就我而言/就个人而言as far as I am concerned, / Personally,191.就……达到绝对的一致reach an absolute consensus on…192.有充分的理由支持be supported by sound reasons193.双方的论点argument on both sides194.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in…195.对……必不可少be indispensable to…196.正如谚语所说As the proverb goes:197.……也不例外be no exception198.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…199.利远远大于弊The advantages far outweigh the disadvantages200.导致，引起lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in201.复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon$202.责任感/成就感sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement。

托福考试词汇

托福考试词汇共100个1. Accommodation -住宿2. Admission -入学，入场费3. Affordable -负担得起的4. Ambition -雄心，抱负5. Ambiguous -模糊的，不明确的6. Analysis -分析7. Anxiety -焦虑，忧虑8. Applicant -申请人9. Arrogant -傲慢的，自大的10. Assessment -评估，评价11. Attainment -成就，获得12. Awareness -意识，认识13. Budget -预算14. Capacity -能力，容量15. Cautious -谨慎的，小心的16. Challenge -挑战17. Commencement -开始，毕业典礼18. Competitive -竞争的，有竞争力的19. Consequence -结果，后果20. Contribution -贡献，捐款21. Controversial -有争议的22. Coordination -协调，合作23. Creative -创造性的，创新的24. Curriculum -课程25. Debate -辩论26. Deficit -赤字，不足27. Dilemma -困境，进退两难的境地28. Diploma -文凭，证书29. Elaborate -详细的，精心制作的30. Emphasis -强调，重点31. Encouragement -鼓励，激励32. Evaluate -评估，评价33. Expensive -昂贵的34. Faculty -教师，学院35. Financial -财务的，金融的36. Funding -资金，资助37. Graduation -毕业，毕业典礼38. Impact -影响，冲击39. Innovative -创新的，新颖的40. Intellectual -智力的，知识的41. Internship -实习，实习期42. Investment -投资，投入43. Judgment -判断，审判44. Language barrier -语言障碍45. Majority -大多数，大半46. Management -管理，经营47. Mentorship -导师制，指导48. Motivation -动机，动力49. Necessity -必要性，需要50. Obstacle -障碍，阻碍51. Opportunity -机会，机遇52. Organizational skills -组织能力，团队协作能力53. Participation -参与，参加54. Perception -感知，观念55. Personality -个性，性格56. Planning -计划，规划57. Preparation -准备，预备58. Proficiency -熟练程度，精通59. Quality education -素质教育，优质教育60. Recognition -认可，承认61. Research -研究，调查62. Responsibility -责任，职责63. Strategic planning -战略规划，策略规划64. Student loan -学生贷款，助学金65. Talented -有才能的，有天赋的66. Target audience -目标受众，目标客户群67. Time management -时间管理，时间安排68. Training program -培训项目，培训课程69. Undergraduate degree -本科学位，学士学位70. Variety -多样性，种类丰富71. Vital -至关重要的，生命攸关的72. Welfare -福利，社会保障73. Work experience -工作经验，工作经历74. Xenophobia -排外主义，仇外心理75. Yearly -每年的，年度的76. Zealous -热情的，热心的77. Accommodation expenses -住宿费用78. Admission requirements -入学要求79. Affordable housing -经济适用房80. Ambitions and goals -抱负和目标81. Ambiguous statement -模糊的陈述82. Analysis of data -数据分析83. Anxiety disorders -焦虑症84. Applicant pool -申请人池85. Arrogance and haughtiness -傲慢和自大86. Assessment criteria -评估标准87. Attainment of goals -目标的实现88. Awareness campaign -意识宣传活动89. Budget allocation -预算分配90. Capacity building -能力建设91. Cautious approach -谨慎的态度92. Challenges and obstacles -挑战和障碍93. Commencement ceremony -毕业典礼94. Competitive advantage -竞争优势95. Consequences of actions -行动的后果96. Contribution to society -对社会的贡献97. Controversial issue -有争议的问题98. Coordination and collaboration -协调和合作99. Creative thinking -创造性思维100. Curriculum design -课程设计。

新托福考试必备词汇总结

新托福考试必备词汇总结新托福考试必备词汇总结总结是把一定阶段内的有关情况分析研究，做出有指导性的经验方法以及结论的书面材料，它在我们的学习、工作中起到呈上启下的作用，让我们一起认真地写一份总结吧。

总结怎么写才是正确的呢？以下是店铺为大家整理的新托福考试必备词总结，欢迎阅读与收藏。

新托福考试必备词汇总结enroll to one = combinecomplement = supplement = add tosubstitute = replaceso far = until present = up to nowrooted in = based onmake their way = travelvulnerable--open to break-open to attack -- weak --susceptibleperishable 容易腐烂的= easy to spoilSeething 沸腾的 --- overflowing/excited/activefloat = stay on the topbe consistent with = be compatible withproperty 财产，特征 = characteristic = attribute (名词意为"特征，属性")simulated ---- artificialsort --- type -- kindstaggering摇晃的; 犹豫的; 压倒的(多数) =overwhelmingstring线, 绳子; 一行, 一系列 =seriesswell -- enlargement --- expandtract- area - terrainsymmetric 对称的，均衡的 --- balancetaper 逐渐变小 --- diminish --- 收缩tenet --- principle/beliefturn = changevast - immense - extensivewith the ordinary citizen’s pocketbook = affordableadvent = arrivalaffair = matterchronic --- constant - confirmed 慢性的;证实的consequence = result/importancecounter = opposecountervail 补偿，抵消; 对抗 = compensate/opposedistinction = differentiation/excellence/honordistribution = dispersion = dispersalembed = implanteuphoric = extremely happyflake = fragmenthinder 阻碍，打扰= interfere withladings 船货= cargos shipmentmandatory = required, obligatorymundane 世俗的，平凡的= ordinaryprerequisite = something required (something needed to happen)rather = instead 相反地/ in some degree在tainsank (sink的过去式)= descended; dropped to the bottomscant = minimumsited = locatedsophisticated = refined /elaborated /complexubiquitous 到处存在的 = commonunanimity = total agreementspectator = viewersporadic = intermittent /irregularstylus 铁笔，针状物 = penunconceivable = unimaginableuniformly = evenly/ without variation/consistently unique = sole/ distinctwarranted = authorized 授权的/justifiedassume=take on 呈现/ suppose, posit 假设foster=promote ，encouragePlumage羽毛=featherComposition作文，成分，混合物=mixturerelatively=comparativelysubstitute=replacementpremise= assumptionwithin= insidehave nothing to do = in no relation tovigorous= strongscope=extentextraordinary非凡的，特别的= exceptional 异常的，例外的uneasy心神不安的，不稳定的=unstablebulk大小，体积，大多数=majorspeed 加速 = increase the rate ofspread=distribute 散布，分布endeavor 努力= enterprise 进取心，干事业proximity 接近= nearnessrotate=turn 转动，旋转assertion主张，断言 = strongly statementevidence = proofpreeminent卓越的 =foremost 最重要的barrier障碍物=obstacleprimitive = earlysort = typerudiment=basicintact未被碰过的=unaffectedprize珍视 = valuelucrative 有利可图的= profitable ineffectively=with out any result misleading =inaccuracyarchitecture =structure 结构，建筑物accomplished完成的'，熟练的=skilled, embedded内含的，嵌入的=enclosed 被附上的collaboration协作=joint effectsidentical=the sameallow=enabledispersal 分散，散布= distribution hampering妨碍，牵制 = restricting cherished珍爱的=valuableprecision = accuracybroadly = extensivelyyearly = annualtracking = followingtolerant = endurerather than = instead oftransformation = conversionsample=examplecrawl爬行=movehobby业余爱好 = pastime 消遣，娱乐inherent in = characteristic ofrecharge再充电=refill再装满devise设计，发明=createattest to证明--confirm,replicas复制品--copies,extant 现存的=not extinctbe closer resemblance to=. be more like indicate =demonstratethrive=flourishfluctuating=changingmirror反映=reflectprocure获得=obtainparadoxically=seemingly contradictory counsel劝告，忠告=advice.mock嘲弄，模仿 = pretendspectacular引人入胜的 = impressive 印象深刻的mimic模仿，仿制品=copyroutinely = commonlyactually = in fact = virtuallyrevolutionize = dramatic changeinitially = originallysource = origindiversity多样性=varietydepict=portraydisassemble分解=breakarchive档案 = recordattribute 属性，特征= characteristicavid渴望的，热心的 = enthusiasticbasic = fundamentalcollision = hit each othercopious 丰富的= plentifuldelight = pleasuredisintegrate分解 = tear apartdiverse = distinctdual = doubleeager = enthusiasticendeavor = enterpriseerect矗立，建立 = buildexpediency便利 = advantagefashioned out of = made fromimmigration = movementinfrastructure 基础设施= foundationlocale 场所= placemean平均值;卑贱的;吝啬的 = averagemyriad = innumerable == innumerouspeak = maximumrate估价，鉴定等级= classify分类，分等Save for 除......之外= Except forseize抓住 = taketie = relationvolume = quantitywholly = completelyWithin the ordinary citizen’s pocket book = affordable ally with 与........结盟--link toaware of=familiar withbulk=great quantity =majorityferry摆渡，渡运==transporthint暗示，提示 = indicationimplausible=unbelievablelaunch---startof legitimacy=lawfulof likelihood = probableminute=tinymisconception=wrong ideaoffset抵消，弥补=balanceomit遗漏= excludeonset=beginningpatchy杂凑的;斑驳的，补丁的=irregular 参差不齐的，不规则的peak=in the middle of the largest strengthenpermanent=lastingpore=spaceprecede=come beforepreserve保护，保存=protectprosper=succeedproximity = closeness = nearnessrange=varyright (to some place)一直向。

托福2012写作测试必备抽象词

托福2012写作测试必备抽象词Periodic用法：①ADJ. Periodic events or situations happen occasionally， at fairly regular intervals.例句：They especially emphasized the need for natural， serene settings where hurried urban dwellers could periodically escape from the city. （2002-01）例句：This periodic extinction might be due to intersection of the Earth’ s orbit with a cloud of comets， but this theory is purely speculative. （2002-08）例句：Periodically， molten material wells out of the Earth’s interior to invade the surface layers or to flow onto the surface itself. This material cools into a wide variety of igneous rocks. （1999-01）例句：The woolly mammoth， along- haired rhinoceros， and other mammals have been periodically exposed in the tundra of Siberia， the hair and red flesh still frozen in cold storage.（1997-12）例句：Periodic exhibitions of the members’paintings also included works by noted English artists of the day， borrowed from embryonic private collections in the city. （1999-10）Peripheral用法：① ADJ. A peripheral activity or issue is one which is not very important compared with other activities or issues.例句：Over 100 designated areas exist around the periphery of the Carbbean Sea.（2000-01）②ADJ. Peripheral areas of land are ones which are on the edge of a larger area.例句：These are the central nervous system （the nerve cord mentions above）， consisting of the brain and spinal cord， and the peripheral nervous system，consisting of the cranial， spinal， and peripheral nerves， together with their motor and sensory endings.点击下载Word文档。

2012新托福测试写作必备词汇(1)

2012新托福测试写作必备词汇（1）
coupling amplifier 耦合放大器
coupling aperture 藕合孔
coupling condenser 交连原容器
coupling efficiency 耦合效率
coupling factor 耦合系数，耦合因数
coupling layer 耦合层
coupling loss 耦合损失wｗw.ExamＷ.CoM
cover plate 盖板
cover-glass gauge 盖玻片测厚计
cover-glass thickness 盖玻片厚度
coverage (1)作用范圈，有效距离(2)视野
covered wire 被覆线，包线
covering power 拍摄本领
cowling 罩，整流罩
crack 裂纹，裂逢中华考试网
cracking 断裂
cradle 支架
coupling mirror 耦合镜
coupling paameter 耦合参量
coupling spectrum 耦合光谱
coupling-ou 耦合输出
course setting compass 航海罗盘
covalent 共价
covalent bond 共价键
covalent bonding 共价键
covalent crystal 共价晶体
covalent groove 共价晶体
covalent liquide 共价液体
covariance 协方差
covariant component 共变分量
cover 覆盖物，罩，套
cover glass (1)防护玻离罩(2)盖玻片 craft 工艺。

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2012新托福测试写作必备词汇（32）
deviation prism 偏向棱镜，偏折棱镜
deviaton of reading 示值偏差
device 装置，器件
devicse 设计
devitrfification 透明消失
devlation (1)偏向，偏差(2)偏转，漂移(2)偏转数 dew point 露点
Dewar flask 杜瓦瓶
dewaxing 脱蜡
dewcap 露罩
dextrorotation 右旋
dextrorotatory 右旋的
diac 两端交流开关
diad (1)双重(2)二价原子(3)二素组
diad axis 二重轴
diagnosis 诊断
Diagnostic condensing lens 诊断用聚光镜片
Diagnostic Hruby fundus lens 诊断用
Hruby 眼底镜片
diagnostic program 诊断程序
diagnostics 诊断学
diagonal 对角线，对顶线
diagonal angle of view 对角线视角
diagonal choerent-state 对角相干态
diagonal equation 对角线方程
diagonal eyepiece 凌镜目镜
diagonal line 对角线
diagonal plane 对角
diagonal position 对角位置
diagonal scale 对角线标度，对角线刻角
diagonalization of intensity matrix 强度矩阵对角化
diagonalization of matrix 矩阵对角化
diagram (1)图，简图，线图(2)图解
diagrammatic representation 图示法
diagrammatic view (1)图示(2)简图
diagraph (1)绘图器(2)分度尺(3)仿型仪
dial depth gauge 刻度篮计数器
dial dial counter (1)刻度盘(2)拨号盘。