Sentence Tr. 1.doc作业

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sentence_exercise_全部)

sentence_exercise_全部)

Exercise : Identifying Independent and Dependent ClausesA comma splice is the use of a comma between two independent clauses. You can usually fix the error by changing the comma to a period and therefore making the two clauses into two separate sentences, by changing the comma to a semicolon, or by making one clause dependent by inserting a dependent marker word in front of it.The following sentences in italics are incorrect. In the first question, fix the comma splice1.Incorrect: I like this class, it is very interesting.Repair the Fused SentenceFused sentences happen when there are two independent clauses not separated by any form of punctuation. This error is also known as a run-on sentence. The error can sometimes be corrected by adding a period, semicolon, or colon to separate the two sentences.2. Incorrect: My professor is intelligent I've learned a lot from her.Fix the Sentence FragmentSentence fragments happen by treating a dependent clause or other incomplete thought as a complete sentence. You can usually fix this error by combining it with another sentence to make a complete thought or by removing the dependent marker.3. Incorrect: Because I forgot the exam was today.Answer : Identifying Independent and Dependent Clauses1. I like this class. It is very interesting.-OR-I like this class; it is very interesting.-OR-I like this class, and it is very interesting.-OR-I like this class because it is very interesting.-OR-Because it is very interesting, I like this class.2. My professor is intelligent. I've learned a lot from her.-OR-My professor is intelligent; I've learned a lot from her.-OR-My professor is intelligent, and I've learned a lot from her.-OR-My professor is intelligent; moreover, I've learned a lot from her.3. Because I forgot the exam was today, I didn't study.-OR-I forgot the exam was today.Exercise : Sentence Fragments Exercise 1The sentences below appeared in papers written by students. Act as their editor, marking a C if the sentences in the group are all complete and an F if any of the sentences in the group is a fragment. Could you tell these writers why the fragments are incomplete sentences?____ 1. Then I attended Morris Junior High. A junior high that was a bad experience.____ 2. The scene was filled with beauty. Such as the sun sending its brilliant rays to the earth and the leaves of various shades of red, yellow, and brown moving slowly in the wind.____ 3. He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. Like other teachers in that department, he did not encourage students' questions.____ 4. Within each group, a widerange of features to choose from. It was difficult to distinguish between them. ____ 5. A few of the less serious fellows would go into a bar for a steak dinner and a few glasses of beer. After this meal, they were ready for anything. ____ 6. It can be really embarrassing to be so emotional. Especially when you are on your first date, you feel that you should be in control.____ 7. The magazine has a reputation for a sophisticated, prestigious, and elite group of readers. Although that is a value judgment and in circumstances not a true premise.____ 8. In the seventh grade every young boy goes out for football. To prove to himself and his parents that he is a man.____ 9. She opened the door and let us into her home. Not realizing at the time that we would never enter that door inher home again.____10. As Christmas grows near, I find myself looking back into my childhood days at fun-filled times of snowball fights. To think about this makes me happy.____11. Making up his mind quickly. Jim ordered two dozen red roses for his wife. Hoping she would accept his apology.____12. They were all having a good time. Until one of Joe's oldest and best friends had a little too much to drink. ____13. Although it only attained a speed of about twelve miles an hour. My old rowboat with its three-horsepower motor seemed like a high-speed job to me.____14. With my brother standing by my side, I reached for the pot handle. Tilting the pot way too much caused the boiling water to spill.____15. The small, one-story houses are all the same size and style. With no difference except the color.____16. Being a friend of mine like he was when we first joined the soccer team. Together we learned a lot. Answer : Sentence Fragments Exercise 1Incorrect parts are in italics with justifications in bold.F 1. Then I attended Morris Junior High. A junior high that was a bad experience.(dependent clause)F 2. The scene was filled with beauty. Such as the sun sending its brilliant rays to the earth and the leaves of various shades of red, yellow, and brown moving slowly in the wind. (dependent clause)C 3. He talked for fifty minutes without taking his eyes off his notes. Like other teachers in that department, he did not encourage students' questions.F 4. Within each group, a wide range of features to choose from. It was difficult to distinguish between them. (no main verb)C 5. A few of the less serious fellows would go into a bar for a steak dinner and a few glasses of beer. After this meal, they were ready for anything.C 6. It can be really embarrassing to be so emotional. Especially when you are on your first date, you feel like you should be in control.F7. The magazine has a reputation for a sophisticated, prestigious, and elite group of readers. Although that is a value judgment and in circumstances not a true premise.(dependent clause)F8. In the seventh grade every young boy goes out for football. To prove to himself and his parents that he is a man. (dependent clause)F 9. She opened the door and let us into her home. Not realizing at the time that we would never enter that door in her home again. (dependent clause)C 10. As Christmas grows near, I find myself looking back into my childhood days at fun-filled times of snowball fights. To think about this makes me happy.F 11. Making up his mind quickly. Jim ordered two dozen red roses for his wife. Hoping she would accept his apology. (dependent clause)F 12. They were all having a good time. Until one of Joe's oldest and best friends had a little too much to drink. (dependent clause)F 13. Although it only attained a speed of about twelve miles an hour. My old rowboat with its three-horsepower motor seemed like a high-speed job to me. (dependent clause)C 14. With my brother standing by my side, I reached for the pot handle. Tilting the pot way too much caused the boiling water to spill.F 15. The small, one-story houses are all the same size and style. With no difference except the color. (dependent clause)F 16. Being a friend of mine like he was when we first joined the soccer team. Together we learned a lot. (dependent clause)Exercise : Sentence Fragments Exercise 2These paragraphs need proofreading for possible fragments. Use the space below each paragraph for revising.1. How can a person find patriotism in a local night club? Well, it did not take me too long. About four weeks ago in a little night club in Louisville, Kentucky, a couple of my friends, Rick and Lon, the duo who were providing the entertainment that night for the club.2. For the past twenty years, the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan has been measuring the level of Americans' trust and confidence in their politicians and quasi-political trust and confidence in their political institutions and their leaders. "Political" being all levels of government, and "quasi-political" churches, labor unions, large professional/business associations, educational institutions, and the like. The result is that a very sharp decline has taken place every year since 1964.3. For 200 years Americans believed in better jobs, better homes, a better life for one's children. This confidence no longer exists. Polls now indicate that fewer Americans feel they are better off today than they were five years ago. A public-opinion analysis group has found that large numbers of Americans, at some times and in some places, see themselves as lower on the ladder. Adding worse living conditions and anticipation of further decline over the next five years.4. Well, in looking at the picture at the left you see an old lady. She has a very funny look on her face. As if she's lonely and just wants to be left alone. She also looks as if she has seen a lot and experienced lots of things.5. A president is an appointed leader. Someone who is a decision maker in the executive branch of our government. This doesn't necessarily mean that the person the people elect is capable. Just hopefully assumes. Assumes through his past record as a politician, over the years' buildup of experience and handling situations.Answer : Sentence Fragments Exercise 2Here are some suggested answers. Incorrect segments are in italics with justifications and corrected sentences in bold. You may have had other solutions.1. How can a person find patriotism in a local night club? Well, it did not take me too long. About four weeks ago in a little night club in Louisville, Kentucky, a couple of my friends, Rick and Lon, the duo who were providing the entertainment that night for the club. (dependent clause)How can a person find patriotism in a local night club? Well, it did not take me too long. Aboutfour weeks ago in a little night club in Louisville, Kentucky, a couple of my friends, Rick and Lon, the duo who were providing the entertainment that night for the club, opened with the Star Spangled Banner and then America, the Beautiful.2. For the past twenty years, the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan has been measuring the level of Americans' trust and confidence in their politicians and quasi-political trust and confidence in their political institutions and their leaders. "Political" being all levels of government, and "quasi-political" churches, labor unions, large professional/business associations, educational institutions, and the like. The result is that a very sharp decline has taken place every year since 1964. (no main verb)For the past twenty years, the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan has been measuring the level of Americans' trust and confidence in their politicians and quasi-political trust and confidence in their political institutions and their leaders. "Political" refers to all levels of government, and "quasi-political" includes churches, labor unions, large professional/business associations, educational institutions, and the like. The result is that a very sharp decline has taken place every year since 1964.3. For 200 years Americans believed in better jobs, better homes, a better life for one's children. This confidence no longer exists. Polls now indicate that fewer Americans feel they are better off today than they were five years ago. A public-opinion analysis group has found that large numbers of Americans, at some times and in some places, see themselves as lower on the ladder. Adding worse living conditions and anticipation of further decline over the next five years. (dependent clause)For 200 years Americans believed in better jobs, better homes, a better life for one's children. This confidence no longer exists. Polls now indicate that fewer Americans feel they are better off today than they were five years ago. A public-opinion analysis group has found that large numbers of Americans, at some times and in some places, see themselves as lower on the ladder with worse living conditions and anticipation of further decline over the next five years.4. Well, in looking at the picture at the left you see an old lady. She has a very funny look on her face. As if she's lonely and just wants to be left alone. She also looks as if she has seen a lot and experienced lots of things. (dependent clause)Well, in looking at the picture at the left you see an old lady. She has a very funny look on her face, a s if she's lonely and just wants to be left alone. She also looks as if she has seen a lot and experienced lots of things.5. A president is an appointed leader. Someone who is a decision maker in the executive branch of our government. (no main verb)This doesn't necessarily mean that the person the people elect is capable. Just hopefully assumes. (no subject)Assumes through his past record as a politician, over the years' buildup of experience and handling situations. (no subject)A president is an appointed leader, s omeone who is a decision maker in the executive branch of our government. This doesn't necessarily mean that the person the people elect is capable. This j ust hopefully assumes so based on his past record as a politician, over the years' buildup of experience and handling situations.Exercise : Sentence Fragments Exercise 3The following paragraph has no capital letters or periods to mark the beginnings and ends of sentences. Add capitals, periods, commas, and/or other punctuation that may be needed to make the word groups into complete sentences. Your goal is to be sure that there are no fragments. ...my brother was always my best friend when I was a child especially as we two were almost alone in the world we lived with our old grandmother in a little house, almost a shack, in the country whenever I think of him now I see a solemn, responsible boy a boy too old for his years who looked out for me no matter what once there was a bully John Anson who looked enormous to me though he was probably an average twelve-year-old John had it in for me because he liked Littice Grant who liked me he decided to beat me up right before her eyes I was lucky my brother came by he didn't interfere any he just stood there somehow though his presence gave me confidence I licked the stuffing out of John Anson if my brother hadn't been there I don't think I could have done it.Answer : Sentence Fragments Exercise 3Correct responses are in bold.M y brother was always my best friend when I was a child, especially as we two were almost alone in the world.W e lived with our old grandmother in a little house, almost a shack, in the country. W henever I think of him now, I see a solemn, responsible boy, a boy too old for his years, who looked out for me no matter what. O nce there was a bully, John Anson, who looked enormous to me, though he was probably an average twelve-year-old. John had it in for me because he liked Littice Grant,who liked me. H e decided to beat me up right before her eyes.I was lucky my brother came by. H e didn't interfere any. H e just stood there. S omehow, though, his presence gave me confidence. I licked the stuffing out of John Anson. I f my brother hadn't been there, I don't think I could have done it.。

Sentence Writing 1

Sentence Writing 1

• We should distinguish between conjunctions and adverbs, such as but and however, so and therefore. We can join coordinate clauses with a comma and a conjunction, or with a semicolon, or with a semicolon and an adverb.
Ending sentences with full stops
• He went out on Sunday. He met his friend in the street. They talk for a while. Then they said "goodbye". • When he went out on Sunday, he met his friend in the street. They talk for a while and then they said "goodbye".
Proper use of comparisons
• This course seems more difficult. • China's population is larger than India's. • After many years Bill remembered me better than Carl did.
• Agreement Between S. (subject) & P. (predicate verb) • The predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number. • The whole family _____ going out for are BBQ. is This family ____ the happiest one in our town.

1. sentence structure(新)

1. sentence structure(新)

1. Basic clause types
SVC SV SVO SVOO SVOC SVA SVOA S = subject V = predicate verb O = object C = complement A = adverbial
Sentence analysis
1. Chatting on the internet is interesting. 2. Internet dating will hurt.
SVA
in front of him.
adverbial
the evidence
object
He treated her
adverbial
badly.
SVOA
object
adverbial
Exercise: Identify the clause types
1. She came.
2. She is happy.
1. Subject and predicate
The Subject: • the topic or theme of the clause; • what the clause is about; • known information; • generally a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase. The Predicate: • something about the subject; • new information; • generally a verb phrase with or without complementation(补足成分).
The sentence is the highest rank of grammatical unit which can stand by itself and perform a communicative function. A sentence can be long or short, simple or complex, and can consist of only one clause or more than one clause. Owing to the fact that sentences differ greatly in structure, what is described here as “sentence structure” is only concerned with the simple sentence, or rather with the clause.

sentence 1教程文件

sentence 1教程文件

Depending on their structure, sentences are classified into four basic categories: simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.
A simple sentence has one independent (main) clause and no subordinate (dependent) clauses. • subject + verb (clause)
A short pointed sentence is used as the opening sentence or topic sentence of the paragraph.
Example 2,
With the great growth in leisure-time activity, millions of Americans are turning to water sports: fishing, swimming, water skiing, and skim diving. Clean water exhilarates and relaxes.
Sentences are the basic unit of English language, and anyone who wishes to write effectively should be able to manage the sentence. Being able to manage the sentence starts with getting familiar with the sentence.
The short pointed sentence is especially effective because it sets off an important conclusion or a key observation at the end of a passage.

Sentence structure

Sentence structure

correct
Examples
04
A “sentence” that begins with a subordinating conjunction and has no main clause.
If you see a "sentence" that begins
with one of the above words or
Examples
1.After reading all the assigned material. (Who read it?) 2.Wanted to discuss her grades with the teacher. (Who wanted to?) 1.John went to bed after reading all the assigned material. 2.Tom wanted to discuss her grades with the teacher.
correct
1.While I was parking the car, I saw a cat run across the driveway. 2.When he finished baking cupcakes, I iced them. 1.While I was parking the car. 2.When he finished baking cupcakes.
1、Run-on sentence
There are three main types of run-ons: 1、Comma splices. 2、Fused sentences. 3、Sentences joined by a conjunctive adverb and commas.

(完整版)sentencewriting

(完整版)sentencewriting

补语(complement)
• 补语用于补充说明主语或宾语。 • 通常由形容词,名词或其他相
当的结构担任。 • 分为宾语补足语和主语补足语
1. The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.
2. He was found wording in office.
定语(attributive)
• 定语用于限定或修饰名词或 代词
• 由形容词或其相当的结构
• 单词做定语一般放在修饰语 的前面,短语和从句做定语 则放在被修饰语的后面。
1. He is an honest and hardworking boy.
2. I have something important to tell you.
• 表语是在联系动词之后表示主语 的性质,特征,状态或身份的部 分。
• 通常由名词,代词,形容词,副 词,介词短语以及动词不定式, 动名词,分词或表语从句担任
• 位置在联系动词之后
1. His father is a lawyer. 2. Your number is 42. 3. All the pupils are on
• Function
• Declarative
• Interrogative: general questions

special questions

alternative questions

disjunctive questions
• Imperative
• Exclamatory
Types of sentences
后。如动词有宾语,状语

sentence dictation

sentence dictation

1.I’ve studied English for more than nine years.2.I started learning English several years ago.3.I find English rather difficult.4.I find English grammar rather confusing.5.I prefer an American accent to a British accent.6.I think a good pronunciation is necessary, important and essential.7.I’ve never listened to English broadcast programs.8.I often listen to English songs, CCTV English news and Radio Beijing.1.I often speak English with my friends.2.To tell the truth, I seldom speak English.3.I make mistakes whenever I open my mouth to speak English.4.No mistakes, no progress.5.We learn to speak by speaking.6.I think personal questions should be avoided.7.Mistakes are probably unavoidable when we try to speak a foreign language.8.Topics like the weather, pla ces, trips, hobbies, films, books… tend to be safe.9.I think the best way to improve our oral English is to speak as much aspossible.10.I’m afraid of making mistakes because I don’t want to lose face, sosometimes I just give up.1.I live in a dormitory on campus.2.I rent an apartment not far from the campus.3.It's half an hour’s ride from here.4.It’s near a bus route on a busy road.5.The rent is 500 yuan per month.6.There is a washroom and a public bath on each floor of our dorm building.7.Four of us share a two-room apartment and it has two bathrooms, but nokitchen.8.The room faces north, but it has a view of a beautiful lawn, a lake and agarden.1.I love going to parties.2.Parties are great fun. There are always a lot of interesting things to do.3.I love meeting new people and making new friends.4.I don’t care for parties. They’re too noisy.5.I always worry about what clothes to wear.6.I never know what to say to people I don’t know.7.I’m too shy to approach somebody I don’t know.8.I never worry about anything so I always have a good time.9.I’m worried that there might be a lot of people I don’t know and others mightthink I ‘m boring.1.The telephone is a very useful tool and a must for all.2.I find it quite difficult to understand English on the phone.3.I occasionally receive calls in English.4.The telephone shortens the distance between people and brings people closer.5.I make a lot of phone calls to my friends to arrange outings, parties and etc.6.When I miss my parents, relatives and friends, I call them so that I can heartheir voices.7.Often I fail to hear exactly phone number of the caller.8.I hate people to call me after 10 p.m. unless it is an emergency.1.I seldom go shopping. It takes too much time.2.I think quality is the most important.3.I usually do my shopping at large supermarkets since they often have goodbuys and it saves time.4.I like music and books so sometimes I go to campus bookstores to look formy favorite CDs and the recent bestsellers.5.I enjoy shopping at supermarkets. I love to see shelf on shelf stacked with allkind of delicious and nice things.6.Supermarkets are so convenient. Y ou can get almost everything you want ina big supermarket.7.I hate shopping in a supermarket. It’s always so crowded. The quality ofgoods is questionable, not so good and not guaranteed.8.I like going shopping in big department stores downtown because I thinkthey offer a better selection.1.The students’ center is the right place to ask for information if you want tofind a position as a teaching assistant.2.An ad in the school paper says that China telecom wants to hire 50 studentsto do a market survey for the company.3.The interviewer asked me about the subjects I’ve learned.4.The important thing, I think, is to get some work experience. Pay issecondary.5.In a part-time job you can learn things that you can’t normally learn oncampus.6.I need to support myself, so I’m really concerned about how much I can earn.7.I want to look for an evening or a weekend job since I’m available onlyduring those periods of time.8.I would like to find a part-time job as a computer operator.9.I’m selling evening papers and magazines at newsstand every Tuesdayafternoon.1.I can travel to a lot of interesting places if I work as a sales manager.2.I like teaching and that’s why I want to become a school teacher.cation is essential to the development of our country, so I want to have acareer in teaching.4.I admire scientists so I want to be one of them.5.I’m ready to face any challenges so I think I’m suitable for t he job.6.My father used to be a doctor and I would like to follow his footsteps.7.It is hard for people who lack necessary skills to find satisfactory work.8.People who don’t have necessary qualifications tend to lose their jobs.panies that are ill managed lose business and their employees suffer.10.W hat matter most to me are a friendly atmosphere, a comfortable workingenvironment, handsome pay, challenging tasks and good prospects of promotion.1.Travelling helps us to broaden our minds and increase our knowledge.2.Travelling enables us to see new places, meet new people and learn aboutnew cultures.3.Thanks to modern means of transportation, it is possible to travel acrossthe country.4.Among the places I have been to, Thailand impresses me most.5.I like visiting small villages, hiking in the mountains and going to seasideresorts.6.As Thailand has a long coastline, it is not surprising that tourism plays animportant role in its economy.7.The great majority of people in Thailand believe in Buddhism. AndBuddhist temples can be seen everywhere in the country.1.I’ve got a dog at home. It’s a cute little thing and just like my friend.2.I love my dog for it never bothers me and always listens and neveranswers back.3.My cat is quick to sense my anger or sorrow.4.I couldn’t help crying when my cat went missing.5.Pets are good company, especially to lonely old people and help peoplekill loneliness.6.It’s relaxing watching tropical fish swimming in the tank.7.Keeping pets costs time and money. I can’t afford e ither.8.I don’t think it’s right to cage birds, chain dogs and keep cats lockedinside the house.9.People feel sorry to leave their pets alone at home when they go onholiday.10.S ometimes we ask our next door neighbor to look after our pets.1.Once in a while I go to the bank near our school either to deposit orwithdraw money.2.I think it’s wise to put your money in a bank. It’s safer and your moneyalso earns interest.3.I have so little money that I don’t need the bank to take care of it.4.I need to withdraw some money for my daily expenses next month.5.The clerks at our school bank are very efficient.6.It's a good habit to save money on a regular basis.7.Don’t look for large, short-term profits. They are dangerous and risky.8.A TMs are so much more convenient. All you need to do is press somebuttons and there comes the money you ask for.9.I hate operating A TM machines. They eat up your card if you enter thewrong code number.1.When I was young, I wished to become a world famous scientist.2.What I want most in life is someone that really cares for me.3.I never doubt that my dream will come true some day.4.My chances of becoming a scientist are very slim.5.I’m afraid I don’t stand much chance of becoming a pop singer.6.The hardest thing is to keep pursing on e’s dream in spite of difficulties.7.I think it is wise to be realistic.8.Perseverance is most important if you want to make your dreams cometrue.9.Where there’s a will, there’s a way.10.T alent and a bit of luck are all you need to realize your dreams.11.T alent alone is not enough; you must be quick to seize the opportunitiesavailable to you.1.Radio and TV connect us to the outside world.2.I like to leave my radio on while I am riding on a train.3.One picture is worth a thousand words.4.Radio is portable. Y ou can carry it with you wherever you go.5.I often watch discovery channel programs, travel programs, talk shows,quiz shows and soap operas on TV.6.I prefer TV to radio. TV not only tells you what is happening but alsolets you see it with your own eyes.pared with radio, everything on television is more lifelike, vivid andreal.8.Television takes up too much of our time. We no longer have enoughtime to develop other interests.1.I like watching and reading ads. They are amusing.2.I come across ads every time I turn on TV.3.Ads are part of our life and something unavoidable no matter whetheryou like them or not.4.Ads provide us with useful information on commodities, services andjobs.5.With ads, we save a lot of time in shopping, looking for jobs and gettingbetter services.6.Without ads, manufacturers may find it difficult to sell their productsand make their products known to consumers.7.Without commercial ads, newspapers, radio and television companiescannot survive. commercials interrupt programs frequently.9.Ads take advantage of our longing for wealth, good looks, good healthand comfort.10.A ds exploit our fear of danger, growing old and falling ill.。

Sentence Structure

Sentence Structure

But
Men may exercise harder, but they often exercise less frequently than women.
The two clauses express equal but contrasting ideas.
Or
Both men and women should regulate the amount of fat in their diets, or they risk getting heart disease.
Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs
Conjunctive adverbs are used to give a wide variety of meanings e.g.
Community colleges offer preparation for many jobs; also, they prepare students to transfer to universities. To add a similar idea
The two clauses express alternative ideas.
Yet
Women used to be known as the ‘weaker sex’, yet in some ways, they are stronger than men.
The second clause is a surprising or unexpected contrast to the first.
Whics? ecology is a science to protect the environment after working all day because pollution causes cancer

Sentence structure

Sentence structure

⑤ SVOC pattern (Subject + Verb + Object + Complement) He found John intelligent. We chose him chairman.
6. SVA pattern (Subject + Verb + Adverbial) e.g. He lives in a small room.
3) Predicative clause (表语从句) 5) Attributive clause
6) Adverbial clause
(定语从句)
(状语从句)
Examples
1. What John said is true. 2. John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 3. The fact is that John has not been seen recently.
5. 状语(A)
Basic Sentence Patterns
① SVC pattern (Subject + Verb + Complement) The library is quiet. She looks in a spendid health.
② SV pattern (Subject + Verb) He sleeps. Peter has left.
Classification of Clauses
1. Nominal / Noun Clause
2. Adjective clause
(名词性从句)
(形容词性从句)
3. Adverb clause

sentence structure

sentence structure

并列句(the compound sentence):
• 包括两个或两个以上的分句,各分句之 间相互独立,重复的成分可以省略,由 并列连词或由分号或逗号将它们连系起 来。分句间有并列、选择、条件、 层进、 承接、转折、因果等关系。
• His father is a teacher while his mother is a worker in a factory.
动词+宾语+不定式(有的动词后可省略to)
• The teacher will watch the students do it. • We should prefer you not to change your plan. • They encourage us to find a better solution.
3.复合句(the complex sentence):
• 是包含从句的一类句子 • The fact that a new species was discovered caused great excitement. • The building being built now is for those who have made great contributions to the construction of the city.
定语(Attribute)
• 由形容词或形容词作用的词(如分词、 数词、代词、名词、动词不定式、动名 词、副词)、短语和从句构成。它可以 修饰句中任何名词或起名词作用的词或 短语,
• Trained musicians do not have to hear every sound they produce. • I need a comfortable chair to sit on . • The man over there is from America.

综合英语sentence paraphrase1

综合英语sentence paraphrase1

综合英语sentence paraphraseUnit1 T ext A Half a day1. I walked alongside my father, clutching his right hand.I walked next to my father, holding his right hand2. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.But my new clothes did not bring any happiness to me, because it was the day I was forced to go to school for the first time.3. My mother stood at the window watching our progress, and I turned towards her from time to time, hoping she would help.My mother stood at the window watching our slow and difficult movement towards the school,and I looked back at her frequently, hoping she would stop my father taking me to school.4. W e walked along a street lined with gardens, and fields planted with crops, pears, and date palms.We walked along a street, on both sides of which there are gardens and fields where crops, pears and date palms are planted.5. ''Why school?'' I asked my father. ''What have I done?''Why do I have to go to school? I don't think I've done anything wrong to be punished like this.6. I did not believe there was really any good to be had in tearing me away from my home and throwing me into the huge, high-walled building.I didn't think it was useful to take me away from home and put me into that building with high walls.7. …we could see the courtyard, vast and full of boys and girls.…we could see the courtyard, which is huge and crowded with boys and girls.8. Y ou will find me waiting for you when it's time to leave.I'll come to fetch you when school is over. I'll be waiting for you here at the gate.9. A lady came along, followed by a group of men.A lady came toward us; arriving after her were a group of men.10. W e were formed into an intricate pattern in the great courtyard…We were made to stand in different places to form regular lines or shapes in the big courtyard.11. …from each floor we were overlooked by a long balcony roofed in wood.…from the balcony on each floor of the building people could see the pattern into which we formed.12. W ell, it seemed that my misgivings had had no basis.Well, perhaps my doubt, worry and fear about what school would be like were all groundless.Well, it seemed that I was wrong to think that school was a dreadful place.It was not all a matter of playing and fooling around.What we did at school wasn't just playing and wasting time doing nothing useful.13. In addition, the time for changing one's mind was over and gone and there was no question of ever returning to the paradise of home.Besides, it was impossible for us to quit school and return to the good old days when we stayed home playing and fooling around all day. Our childhood was gone, never to come back.14. Nothing lay ahead of us but exertion, struggle, and perseverance.We would have to do our best and keep working very hard until we finished school. This is what I imagined our school days would be like.The kind of life that was waiting for us at school would be full of exertion, struggle and perseverance.15. Those who were able took advantage of the opportunities for success and happiness that presented themselves.If there came opportunities, capable students would seize them to achieve success and happiness.16. How did these hills of rubbish find their way to cover its sides?How did the street come to be covered with so much rubbish on both sides? Where did they come from?17. Here and there stood conjurers showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.Conjurers stood everywhere. They were showing off their tricks or making snakes appear from baskets.18. Then there was a band announcing the opening of a circus, with clowns and weight lifters walking in front.Then there was a band that was announcing the opening of a circus. The clowns and weight lifters were walking in its front.Unit3 T ext A Message of the Land1. My husband moved into our houses as is the way with us in Esarn.(When we got married) my husband came to live in our house. It was the tradition here in Esarn that the bridegroom should come to live with the bride's family.2. The rest, two boys and two girls, went away as soon as we could afford to buy jeans for them.Our other children—two boys and two girls—left as soon as we had the money to buy them jeans.3. It's easier for my husband. He has ears which don't hear, a mouth which doesn't speak, and eyes that don't see.News about my children's problems doesn't make my husband as sad as me. He doesn't bother about what is happening around us and to our children. He never says anything about them.4. He has always been patient and silent, minding his own life.He's always been patient and talks little. He just does his duty and carries on his life.5. Our piece of land is small, and it is no longer fertile, bleeding year after year and, like us,getting old and exhausted.Our land is getting poorer with each passing year, like us who are getting old, weak and tired.6. …but in a bad year, it's not only the ploughs that break but our hearts too.…but when there is a drought, the land is so hard that the ploughs break. And we become very,very sad.7. Shops have sprung up, filled with colorful plastic things and goods we have no use for.Many shops appear in a short time. In these shops there are lots of colorful plastic things and things that are useless for us.8. If that kind of thing had happened when I was young, the whole village would have condemned such an ungrateful son, and his father would surely have given him a good beating.In my day if a boy had screamed at his mother, the whole village would have scolded him for his lack of gratitude, and his father would certainly have punished him.9. Y es, this bag of bones dressed in rags can still plant and reap rice from morning till dusk. It's true I'm not strong and my clothes are full of holes, but I can still work in the rice fields all day.10. My eyes do see—they see more than they should. My ears do hear—they hear more than is good for me.I'm not what my wife says I am. I do see and hear—I see and hear too much evil, too many ugly and terrible things, things that I wish I did not have to see and hear. And this is not good for me.11. It's good to smell the scent of ripening rice in November. The soft cool breeze moves the sheaves, which ripple and shimmer like waves of gold.The ripening rice is so pleasant to smell in November. In the soft cool breeze, the sheaves move and shine in the sun like a golden sea.12. Y es, I love this land and I hope one of my children comes back one day to live, and gives me grandchildren so that I can pass on the land's secret message to them.Y es, I love this land and I hope one of my children returns one day to live on it, and produces a lot of grandchildren for me so that I can tell them what this land means to us. It is our history, our culture, our tradition, and our life.Unit4 T ext A Midnight Visitor1. Ausable was, for one thing, fat…Though he spoke French and German passably, he had never altogether lost the New England accent he had brought to Paris from Boston twenty years ago.Ausable was, for one reason, fat…His French and German were not very good, but acceptable. Although he had been in Paris for twenty years, he never lost the American accent.2. Ausable said wheezily…Ausable was so fat that he had difficulty breathing.3. … a sloppy fat man who, instead of having messages slipped into his hand by dark-eyed beauties, gets only an ordinary telephone call making an appointment in his room.…an untidy fat man just has an ordinary phone call agreeing to meet somebody later in his room. There are no other imagined things as a beautiful lady with dark eyes putting a slip of message secretly into his hand.4. The fat man chuckled to himself as he unlocked the door of his room and stood as aside to let his frustrated guest enter.The fat man laughed to himself when he opened the door of his room and gave way to his dissatisfied guest.5. Y ou are disillusioned.Y ou are disappointed because what you believe in has turned out to be wrong.6. Before long you will see a paper, a quite important paper for which several men and women have risked their lives, come to me in the next-to-last step of its journey into official hands.Soon you will see a document/a report come to me. Several people took chances in order to get it. When I receive the paper, I will place it in the hands of the proper authorities.By then I will have fulfilled my mission.7. For halfway across the room, a small automatic pistol in his hand, stood a man.In the middle of the room, there was a man with a small automatic pistol in his hand.8. …you gave me quite a start.Y ou frightened me. / Y ou surprised me.9. I'm going to raise the devil with the management this time.He was making up a story, which turned out to be a trap for Max.T o make Max swallow this bait, Ausable pretended to be angry with the management and explained to Fowler (not to Max) why he was going to complain to the management about the balcony.10. It might have saved me some trouble had I known about it.If I had known about it, I would not have spent so much effort.11. I wish I knew how you learned about the report, …I want to know how you succeeded in finding out the report, but I have no idea.12. Keeping his body twisted so that his gun still covered the fat man and his guest, …He twisted his body in order to point his gun right at the fat man and his guest .Unit5 T ext A The Nightingale and the Rose1.I have read all that the wise men have written, and all the secrets of philosophy are mine, yet for want of a red rose my life is made wretched.The use of “all”stresses perfect mentality the student claims he possesses.The student possesses all the wisdom, yet understands nothing about lovehis nature of taking instead of giving2.But the Nightingale understood the student’s sorrow, and sat silent in the Oak-tree.subject complement3.What is the heart of a bird compared to the heart of a man?The heart of a bird is nothing compared to the heart of a man.4.''She has form,'' he said to himself, as he walked away. ''That cannot be denied. But has she got feeling? I'm afraid not. In fact, like most artists, she is all style without anysincerity.''The student’s ignorance of what true love is makes him conclude that Nightingale’s last singing is void of feeling and sincerity.5.…the Love that is perfected by Death, of the Love that dies not in the tomb.the Love that never diesthat does not die in the tombUnit6 T ext A The Green Banana1.My ancient jeep was straining up through beautiful countryside when the radiator began to leak.When the radiator started to drip, my old jeep was trying hard to climb up the mountain in the picturesque rural area.2.The over-heated engine forced me to stop at the next village, which consisted of a small store and a few houses that were scattered here and there.Due to the high temperature of the engine, I had to stop at the next village, which contained a small shop and several houses that were loosely distributed.3.He patted me on the shoulder, assuring me that everything would work out.He patted my shoulder, confirming that all the things would be resolved.I did not ask them, though, as that would show my ignorance.However, I did not inquire about the reason,since it would reveal my lack of knowledge.4.He, in turn, inspected me carefully, as if to make sure I grasped the significance of his statement.Then he examined me with great caution in the way of ensuring that I understood the importance of his words.5. I looked to see if he was teasing me, but his face was serious.I looked in order to find out whether he was joking, but he seemed deeply earnest.6.They then refilled my radiator and gave me extra bananas to take along in case my radiator should give me trouble again.Then my radiator was filled again by them and I was provided with more bananas as a precaution my radiator should leak again.7.As a product of American education, I had never paid the slightest attention to the green banana, except to regard it as a fruit whose time had not yet come.As someone educated in the United States, I naturally had never paid any attention to the green banana, except to take it as a fruit which was not yet ripe or which was not yet ready to be picked and eaten.8.It was my own time that had come, all in relation to it.It was me who had come to know the green bananas, and everything connected with it. According to the author, every civilization has special geniuses (symbolized by the green banana), which have existed for many years. But they will not come to your notice and benefit you until and unless you are ready to go out and meet them.9.I had been wondering for some time about what educators like to call "learning moments", and I now knew I had just experienced two of them at once.The two things that suddenly dawned on him are: the fact that every civilization haswonderful treasure to share with others and the idea that every village, town, region or country has a right to regard itself as the center of the world.10.I had at first doubted their claim, as I knew for a fact that the center was located somewhere else in New England.The author obviously was born and brought up in New England. Therefore he had always regarded it as the center of the world.11.The cultures of the world are full of unexpected green bananas with special value and meaning.The green bananas have become a symbol of hidden treasures from every culture. For proper understanding of a piece of writing, it is often important to notice such symbolic language and to know what the symbols stand for.Unit10 T ext A Maheegun My Brother1.In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arrange some type of work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section.the people in charge, referring to the prison authoritiesthe part of prison where Mandela stayed2.The end of manual labor was liberating.Mandela is talking about forced labor. He felt liberated after the manual labor had been ended.3.I could now spend the day reading, writing letters, discussing issues with my comrades, or preparing legal documents.Note the phrase ''spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.''.Mandela did not ask for a lawyer. He had decided to be his own lawyer.4.T o survive in prison, one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one's daily life.In order not to die and go on living in prison, prisoners must cultivate ways to learn to enjoy themselves in their daily life.5.But eventually they gave in, and we were able to cut out a small garden on a narrow patch of earth against the far wall.But finally they agreed unwillingly, and we were able to mark out a small garden on a strip of earth against the wall in the distance.6.The courtyard had been constructed over a garbage dump, and in order to start my garden, I had to remove a great many rocks to allow the plants room to grow.A place where garbage is unloaded and leftused as adverbial of purposeto take awayspace7.At the time, some of my comrades joked that I was a miner at heart, for I spent my days in a wasteland and my free time digging in the courtyard.At that time, some of my comrades said jokingly that I was really a miner since I spent my days in a land which had been deserted for a long time and my spare time digging in the courtyard.8.The authorities did not regret giving permission, for once the garden began to flourish, Ioften provided the warders with some of my best tomatoes and onions.The person in charge didn't feel regretful that they had allowed me to have a garden because as soon as the garden began to grow well, I often gave the warders some of my best tomatoes and onions.9.Once I was in Johannesburg studying and then working, I had neither the time nor the space to start a garden.used to introduce adverbial clause of timeHere they are two present participle phrases used as adverbial to describe something which is happening right at the same time.''Neither... Nor''is used when two facts, states or actions, etc. are mentioned and both are not true or not possible.10.I did not have many of the materials that the books discussed, but I learned through trial and error.It is a relative pronoun used to introduce attributive clause to modify “the materials”to function as the object of ''discussed''.by testing different methods in order to find the best one11.I told her this small story at great length. I do not know what she read into that letter, …I told her this small story in detail. I do not know whether she understood the meaning of the letter more than it did.12.Sometimes there is nothing one can do to save something that must die.general referenceIn the first clause the relative pronoun "that" has been omitted. Both of them are attributive clauses. When attributive clauses are used to modify pronouns like "something, anything, nothing", the relative pronoun is "that".Unit13 T ext A The Greatest Invention1.I was tired of looking at the tropical sea, so I went ashore and walked into a tavern to see if they had any decent wines in that country.to go to the shoreacceptable, good enough2.When the bottle had been uncorked and the wine poured out, like liquid tropical sunlight,I watched it go down under that black mustache.The bottle was opened and the wine was poured out. The man with black mustache drank it up although it was pretty strong, like hot liquid sunlight.3. ''And we had a scientist who, as I have since seen proved, had no rival west of the Atlantic.''And we had the very best scientist in Latin American countries as I have seen him proved without rival.4.And I had not thought it, for he was not at all what one would regard as the figure of a soldier.I had not thought that he had served in the military authority, for his shape of body was not like that of a soldier at all.5."He thought of war simply as an opportunity for cavalry charges and fine uniforms andglory"Our minister only regarded war as charges on horseback, beautiful uniforms and impressive appearance.6."Once, if a nation had twelve battleships it was a Great Power, and we could only obey." Gunboat diplomacy: the use of a threat of show of armed force by a country to support a claim, demand, complaint, etc. against another.7.But what if we know how to let loose a plague capable of destroying whole nations? What would happen if we know how to release a plague that can destroy whole nations?8."We knew that we had marvelous powers within our grasp, if only Carasierra could be kept at his work."If we could keep Carasierra at his work, we would be able to attain great power. 9."Always spurred on by a fierce ambition. His very life was devoted to making inventions." He was always driven by a strong ambition. He had given his whole life to making inventions.10."But nothing would turn him from his project. The splendor of his new inspiration gripped him, and he was like a man drugged."Nothing could divert his attention from his work. The impressive beauty of his new inspiration interested him greatly and he was like a man who had bee drugged.11."We were so nearly one of the Great Powers but for a fancy that came to this man’s mind."If a fancy had not gripped this man, we would have become one of the Great Powers. 12."…he fell then to silent brooding, gazing, as it seemed, into the past at the grip that his country had lost on the Caribbean, perhaps on the world."He fell then to silent thinking. He looked intently into the past when his country had lost the poweron the Carribbean, even the world.希望可以对你有所帮助祝你考得好的成绩。

unit 04 Sentence Translation1

unit 04 Sentence Translation1

4.1.2 A ST segment → TT subject 用来替换原文主语的,可以是句中其他成分,也可以 是句外的词语。


p.127 (12) 鲁迅的骨头是最硬的,他没有丝毫的奴颜和媚骨, 这是殖民地半殖民地人民最可宝贵的性格。 Lu Hsun was a man of unyielding integrity, free from all sycophancy* or obsequiousness*; this quality is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples. * Lu Hsun‟s bones were the hardest; he was free from all sycophancy or obsequiousness; this is invaluable among colonial and semi-colonial peoples.
Chinese-English Translation
Translation of Sentence
Outline



4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6
Subject Predicate Subject-predicate Agreement Word order Translation of Negative Sentences Recreation of Sentence Function
蔡基刚:《英汉汉英段落翻译与实践》复旦大学出版社,2001:175

例句: 今天吃食堂(不在家里吃)。 他家起火了。 他的英语说的很好。
Syntactic features of Chinese

英语写作的分层作业

英语写作的分层作业

英语写作的分层作业English Writing Assignment: Tiered ApproachLevel 1: Basic Sentence Construction1. Objective: Learn to form simple sentences with a subject and predicate.2. Task: Write 5 sentences about your daily routine.3. Guidelines: Use the present simple tense and ensure correct subject-verb agreement.Level 2: Paragraph Development1. Objective: Develop the ability to write coherent paragraphs with a clear topic sentence, supporting details, and a concluding sentence.2. Task: Choose a topic of interest and write a paragraph explaining why it is important to you.3. Guidelines: Use at least 3 supporting sentences and transition words to connect ideas.Level 3: Essay Writing1. Objective: Compose a well-structured essay with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.2. Task: Write an essay on the benefits of learning a second language.3. Guidelines: Include an introduction with a thesisstatement, 3 body paragraphs with supporting evidence, and a conclusion that summarizes the main points.Level 4: Argumentative Writing1. Objective: Practice writing persuasive arguments withlogical reasoning and evidence.2. Task: Write an argumentative essay advocating for oragainst a controversial issue.3. Guidelines: Develop a clear position, provide at least 3 reasons to support your stance, and refute potential counterarguments.Level 5: Creative Writing1. Objective: Explore creative writing techniques such as dialogue, description, and narrative.2. Task: Write a short story based on a given prompt.3. Guidelines: Use vivid language, create engaging characters, and maintain a consistent narrative voice.Level 6: Research and Analysis1. Objective: Conduct research and integrate findings into a written analysis.2. Task: Write an analytical essay on a historical event or a piece of literature.3. Guidelines: Include a thesis statement, present evidence from at least 3 credible sources, and provide your ownanalysis and interpretation.Level 7: Advanced Writing Projects1. Objective: Apply advanced writing skills to a complex project.2. Task: Choose a topic and create a multi-part writing project, such as a series of blog posts, a research paper, ora portfolio.3. Guidelines: Plan your project, set clear objectives, and ensure consistency in style and content throughout.General Instructions for All Levels:- Proofread your work for grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors.- Use a variety of sentence structures to enhance readability. - Be mindful of your audience and purpose when writing.- Seek feedback from peers or teachers to improve yourwriting.Submission Guidelines:- Submit your work on time as per the schedule provided.- Include your name, level, and the title of the task.- Use a clear and legible font, preferably Times New Roman, size 12.Remember, each level builds on the skills acquired in the previous one. Practice regularly and seek constructive feedback to enhance your writing abilities.。

Complete the following sentence1(2)

Complete the following sentence1(2)

Complete the following sentences (II)1. 大家注意听,昨晚有人看电视吗?_____ _____, everyone. Did anyone watch TV yesterday evening?2. 我从车上下来,穿过一个大门,沿着小径走。

I ____ _____ _____ the car, went through a gate and walked along a path.3. 我处在大峡谷的边上。

I was ___ _____ ____ _____ the Grand Canyon.4. 如果你把世界上三座最高的大楼放在大峡谷的底部,它们仍然够不到大峡谷的顶端。

If you put the three tallest buildings in the world _____ ____ ____ _____ the canyon, they still won’t reach the top.5. 就我的记忆而言,它是由Becky王创建的。

____ ____ ___ I remember, it was started by Becky Wang.6. 我们再也没有学校杂志了。

We _____ have a school magazine ____ ____.7. 每年有数百万人看莎士比亚的戏剧。

Shakespear’s plays are seen by _____ _____ people every year.8. 他同他的两个朋友一起逃跑了。

He _____ _____ with his two friends.9. 他躲藏了起来,看了一会,然后突然出现了。

He hides and watches ___ ____ ___, and then suddenly appears.10. 这个故事的主题是关于孩子们成长、成熟过程的。

The themes of the story are to do with children ____ _____ and becoming more serious.11. 最后,它谈到了自由、社会制度,以及人们干了坏事如何受到惩罚。

basicsentencestructures(1)

basicsentencestructures(1)

2.The following introductions might give
S. (主语)
V. (谓语动词)
you some ideas.
Oi. Od.
(间接 (直接宾语) 宾语)
The following introductions might give
you some ideas.
The following introductions might give some ideas to you.
(谓语动词)
A secretary works in an office.
S. (主语) V.
Adv.
(谓语动词) (状语)
5. A secretary also helps
the boss
S. (主语)
V.
O. (宾语)
(谓语动词)
work out plans and timetables. OC. (宾补)
today.
1. Ice cream tastes sweet. (SVC) 3
2. Walls have ears.
(SVO) 1
3. The flowers are blooming. (SV) 4
4. The mother will buy the girl a dress.
(SVOiOd) 2 5. The parents make the child do a lot
Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.
Hurry up, or you will be late.
The signal was given, and the steamer moved slowly from the dock.

高中英语-sentence constiuents

高中英语-sentence constiuents

定语的位置一般有两种:用在所修饰词之前 的叫前置定语,用在所修饰词之后的叫后 置定语。
单词作定语时通常作前置定语。 短语和从句通常作后置定语 。
The wallet on the floor is mine. That building being repaired is our library. He is the student who has been late.
• He is a clever boy. (形容词) • They are building a stone bridge. (名词)
• There are 54 students in our class. (数词) • Do you known Betty’s sister? (名词的所有格) • He bought some sleeping pills. (动名词) • There is a sleeping baby in bed. (现在分词) • His spoken language is good. (过去分词) • I met a friend on my way home. (副词)
1. Come here!
找谓语
2. I bought a ticket at a discount and rode the
underground three times.
3. You must finish the project.
4. We have finished reading the book.
7. Though he was tired, he didn’t stop doing his
• 1. The boy comes from America. • 2. Jack and Jim usually went to school alone. • 3. Studying English is very important. • 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.

Sentence Structure

Sentence Structure

WHAT IS A SENTENCE?A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought.WHAT IS A SENTENCE FRAGMENT?A sentence fragment is a group of words that doesn’t express a complete thought.In writing, a sentence always begins with a capital letter. A sentence always ends with apunctuation mark.Now in English, there are four main kinds of sentences.1. Declarative sentences a declarative sentence states a fact.2. Interrogative sentences an interrogative sentence asks a question.3. Exclamatory sentences an exclamatory sentence expresses a strong emotion.4. Imperative sentences an imperative sentence makes a request or gives an order.PARTS OF A SENTENCEMost sentences can be divided into two main parts, and these two main parts are the subjectand the predicate.The subject tells what the sentence is talking about. In any case the single the most importantword in the subject is the simple subject.The predicate describes something that the subject is or does. The most important word in the predicate is called the verb. (a verb is a word that expresses action or state of being) , andall the other words that in the predicate are there to give more information about what thesubject does.Notice how the subject and the predicate work together to express a complete thought.A compound subject is two or more things that work together as the subjectA compound verb is two or more verbs that describe what the subject does, again joined by theword “and” or the word “or”.FOUR TYPES OF SENTENCE STRUCTURESThis new word is clause, and a clause is group of words that includes both a subject and a verb. The first kind of clause is an independent clause and an independent clause is one that canstand alone as a sentence, why? because it expresses a complete thought.The second kind of clause is a subordinate clause; a subordinate clause can’t stand alone as a sentence, because it doesn’t express a complete thought. Usually subordinate clauses beginwith particular types of words which are known as subordinating conjunctions. the word subordinating means making something less important.here some “ if after because since although when until “The four types of sentence structures that you need to understand are:1. The simple sentence a simple sentence consists of one independent clause2. The compound sentence a compound sentence : contains two or more independentclauses which are joined either by a comma and a coordinating conjunction(是and 不是 or),or by a semicolon.The most common coordinating conjunctions: and – or -- but.3. The complex sentence a complex sentence contains an independent clause and one ormore subordinate clauses. In this case therefore we have a subordinate clause first, and followby an independent clause the two things work together to create a single complete thought. .”the first clause sets up a possibility and the second clause explains what would happen. Sothe two clauses work together to express one complete idea, and therefore we have a correct sentence which known as a complex sentence4. The compound-complex sentence the compound-complex sentence: contains two or more independent clauses and one or more subordinate clauses.Run-On sentenceA run-on sentence includes two or more independent clauses that are joined only by a commaor by nothing at all.。

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Sentence Translation Exercise 1
(1) We do what we say we’ll do, we show up when we say we’ll
show up; we deliver when we say we’ll deliver; and we pay
when we say we’ll pay. We trust each other in these matters,
and when we don't do what we've promised, it's a deviation
from the normal.
我们做我们承诺过我们将来要做的事,我们出现当我们承诺将出现的时候,我们提供当我们承诺我们将要提供的时候,并且我们给予当我们承诺我们将给予的时候。

在诸如此类的事情上,我们互相信任,并且当我们没有实现我们的承诺的时候,我们认为这仅仅是偏离常规的现象。

(2)They steal, they rob, they swindle; who can afford to offend
them?
他们偷,他们抢,他们欺骗,但是有谁敢惹怒他们呢?
(3)Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks
is a withdrawn, introverted man.
虽然他在公众场合看似爽朗,外向,但事实上,他是一个成默寡言,性格内向的人。

(4) They may very well have begun in China—these 25 years of
comparative global peace which we have been enjoying and
for which we have all paid so much in changed perceptions,
priorities, and actions.
这种和平可能就始于中国——25年来我们一直享有相对和平的全球环境,为此我们在应对国际上各种观点、各种优先权和诸多行动的变化上付出了许多。

(5) The question became one of whether man could control the
disease he had invented
问题已变成是否人类能够抑制他们自己创造出来的疾病.
(6)Big powers have their strategies while small countries also
have their own lines.
大国有大国的战略,然而小国也有他们自己的底线。

(7)The fact, however, remains that, though seemingly a big
military power, she is far from invulnerable in her air
defence.
然而,事实仍然如此,虽然看似是一个军事强国,但她在空防
领域并非无懈可击。

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