初中英语 鲁教七年级上册最高级比较级语法

Unit 5 What’s the highest mountain in the world?

语法聚焦

一、大数字的表达与读法

例：① about 9,600,O00 square k1lometers in size 面积大约960万平方干米

②8,844.43 meters high 8844.43米高(教材P491a)

总结：大于一千的基数词的表达法:

1. 从数字的右端向左数,每三位数加一个逗点;

2. 第一个逗点前的数为thousand (千)第二个逗点前的数为million (百万).第三个逗点前的数为billion (十亿);

3. 读的时候通常在hundred后加and，如果百位数为0，则在thousand后加and。

Eg. 2,674 two thousand six hundred and seventy-four

164,2I3,43 one hundred and sixty-four million, two hundred and thirteen thousand, four hundred and thirty

18,357,089 eighteen million, three hundred and fifty-seven thousand, and eighty-nine

练习：读写下面的数字。

1.25, 568, 470 _____________________________________________________

2. 98, 254, 638 _____________________________________________________

3.125, 956, 23 _____________________________________________________

4. 6, 589 _____________________________________________________

5. 5,674 _____________________________________________________

二、形容词比较级和最高级

一、规则变化

（1）一般在词尾直接加-er或-est。如：long —longer — longest

（2）以字母e结尾的词,在词尾直接加-st。如：nice—nicer—nicest

（3）以"辅音字母＋y"结尾的词, 先把y变为i,再加-er或-est。如：heavy—heavier——heaviest shy — shyer —shyest （shy除外）

（4）重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er或-est。如：big—bigger—biggest

（5）多音节词和部分双音节词,在原级前加more构成比较级,加most构成最高级。如：beautiful 一more beautiful—most beautiful；famous—more famous-most famous

【拓展延伸】表示否定意义时,可在形容词或副词前加less / least。

tall — less tall — least tall important — less important——least important

二、不规则变化

三、比较级最高级的详细用法。

（一）原级

1.修饰原级的词，very，quite，so，too

例如，He is too tired to walk on.他太累了以至于不能再继续走了。

My brother runs so fast that I can‘t follow him.我弟弟跑得那么快以至于我跟不上他。

2.原级常用的句型结构

(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+as+形容词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”

例如，Tom is as old as Kate.汤姆和凯特年龄一样大。

Tom is twice as old as Kate.汤姆的年龄是凯特的二倍。

“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+as+副词原级+as+乙”表示“甲和乙程度相同”或“甲是乙的几倍”例如，Tom runs as fast as Mike.汤姆和迈克跑得一样快。

Tom runs twice as fast as Mike.汤姆跑得速度是迈克的二倍。

(2)“甲+be+not+as/so+形容词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…

例如，This room is not as/so big as that one. 这个房间不如那个大。

“甲+助动词+not+动词原形+as/so+副词原级+as+乙”甲不如乙…

例如，He doesn’t walk as slowly as you.他走路不像你那样慢。

（二）比较级

1.比较级+ than

比较级常用的句型结构

(1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”

例如，Tom is taller than Kate.汤姆比凯特高。

This room is three times bigger than that one.这个房间比那个大三倍。

“甲+实意动词+(倍数)+副词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”

例如，I got up earlier than my mother this morning.我今天早晨起床比我妈妈还早。

He runs three times faster than his brother.他跑的速度比他弟弟快三倍。

(2)“甲+be+形容词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。

例如，The Yangtze River is longer than any other river in China.

=The Yangtze River is longer than any of the other rivers in China.长江比中国的任何一条其他的河都长。

=The Yangtze River is longer than the other rivers in China.长江比中国的其他所有的河都长。

=The Yangtze River is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。

注意：The Yangtze River is longer than any river in Japan.长江比日本的任何一条河都长。

“甲+实意动词+副词比较级+than+any other+单数名词(+介词短语)”表示“甲比同一范围的任何一个人/物都……”，含义是“甲最……”。

例如，Mike gets to school earlier than any other student in his class.

= Mike gets to school earlier than any of the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上任何一个其他的同学到校都早。

= Mike gets to school earlier than the other students in his class.迈克比他们班上其他的同学到校都早。

= Mike gets to school earliest in his class.迈克在他们班到校最早。

注意：Mike gets to school earlier than any student in Tom’s class.迈克比汤姆班上任何一个学生