选修八_详细知识点_UNIT3

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）词汇部分词语辨析1. discover / find / invent2. hope / wish / expect3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate4. set off / set out / set about词形变化1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗鲁地3. expect vt. 期待，预期，指望expectation n. 期待，预料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未预料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期freezing n. 冰点adj. 冰冻的，严寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 实行；练习；实习practice n. 练习，实习，实践，习俗practical adj.实际的，实践的，实用的重点单词1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情）突然影响或控制（某人）4. file n.[c] 文件；档案vt. 把……归档5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死重点词组1. call up征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时4. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过；与某人联系6. ring back 回复电话7. in case 因为可能发生某事；以防万一；万一重点句型1. The first thing I tried to do was to see if there were products that might help me, but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.2. Between the outside and inside walls of the bowl there is some jelly, which freezes hard when cooled.重点语法复习过去分词做表语和宾语补足语（见语法部分）语言要点（模块）Ⅰ.词语辨析(旨在提供完形填空所需材料)1. discover / find / invent【解释】discover表示“偶然”或“经过努力”发现客观存在的事物、真理或错误。

find意为“发现，找到”，指对某种事物的寻求，也指对丢失的事物的找到。

invent 指设计或制造原来没有的东西。

【练习】用discover，find，invent的适当形式填空。

1). Columbus _______ America in 1492.2). You will _______ it a difficult book.3). When did you _______ that she’ s married?4). I’ ve _______ the book I was hunting for.5). Alexander Graham Bell _______ the telephone in 1876.Keys: 1). discovered 2). find 3). found 4). discover 5). invented2. hope / wish / expect【解释】hope 后面只能接不定式和that从句，表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。

注意：① hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hope sb. to do sth. 结构。

②省略答语中，not不可放在hope前，如不能说I don’ t hope so.只能说I hope not.wish 通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望，wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。

expect 表示“预期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名词、代词、不定式，that从句等。

【练习】用hope，wish，expect的适当形式填空。

1). We _______ that our children will carry on our family traditions.2). I _______ you a very happy future.3). What do you _______ me to do?4). Most of the parents _______ much of their children.5). I am _______ a letter from her.6). I ________ I were really wealthy.Keys: 1). hope 2). wish 3). wish / expect 4). expect 5). expecting 6). wish3. bear / endure / stand / tolerate【解释】bear强调忍受者对痛苦、忧虑、烦恼以及责任的承受力，常用于否定句中。

endure意为“经受长期的艰难、困苦或折磨而不屈服”，强调持久力和意志坚强，常用于否定句中。

stand强调不屈不挠或经受得起，常用于否定句中。

tolerate意为“忍受某人或某种行为而不反抗”，语气最弱，可用于肯定句和否定句。

【练习】用bear，endure，stand，tolerate的适当形式填空。

1). Our tent won’ t _______ another storm li ke the last one.2). I can’ t _______ to wait any longer.3). She’ s already had to _______ three painful operations on her leg.4). I will not _______ that sort of behaviour in my class.Keys: 1). stand 2). bear 3). endure 4). tolerate4. set off / set out / set about【解释】set off “出发”，侧重于去某个地方。

set out “出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有规划，展现的意思，后加不定式。

set about “开始，着手”，与set out意思相近，后加v-ing形式。

【练习】用set off，set out，set about的适当形式填空。

1). They succeeded in what they had _______ to do.2). Having made up his mind, he _______ carrying out the plan.3). If you want to catch that train we’ d better _______ for the station immediately.Keys: 1). set out 2). set about 3). set offⅡ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. mercy n.仁慈，宽容merciful adj. 宽恕的merciless adj.残忍的；无情的2. abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；唐突的，鲁莽的abruptly adv.突然地；粗鲁地3. expect vt. 期待，预期，指望expectation n. 期待，预料，指望，展望unexpected. adj. 想不到的，未预料unexpectedly adv. 出乎意料地，想不到地4. freeze v.(使)冻结，(使)结冰n.冻结；冰冻期freezing n. 冰点adj. 冰冻的，严寒的/5. practise vt.&vi. 实行；练习；实习practice n. 练习，实习，实践，习俗practical adj.实际的，实践的，实用的【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). This result was beyond my wildest ________ (expect).2). She was subjected to the ________ (mercy) criticism of her opponents.3). They asked her to be ________ (mercy) to the prisoners.4). We must put our plans into ________ (practise).5). Your invention is very ________ (practice).6). The young girl practices ________ (play) the violin every day.7). His father died _______ (expect), and it was ten years since they were last together.8). We were _______ (freeze) cold in the tent last night.9). Our conversation came to an _______ (abruptly) end when George burst into the room.Keys: 1). expectation 2). merciless 3). merciful 4). practice5). practical 6). playing 7). unexpectedly 8). freezing 9). abruptⅢ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。