选修八unit3知识点

Unit 3 Inventors and inventions 单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）语言要点（模块）Ⅱ.词性变化（旨在提供语法填空所需材料）Ⅲ.重点词汇（旨在提供词汇综合运用所需材料）1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分[典例]1). I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。

2). The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom这个人因智慧而扬名。

[重点用法]distinguish A from B 辨别A与B be distinguished from不同于……be distinguished by 以……为特征be distinguished for 因……而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。

1). Can you distinguish _______ those two objects?2). Children should be taught to _______ _______ _______ _______ (分辨好坏).3). Speech distinguishes human beings _______ the animals.4). The Chinese nation is distinguished _______ its diligence and courage.Keys: 1). between 2). distinguish right from wrong 3). from 4). for2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.便利，方便conveniently adv.便利地[典例]1). Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下个星期天你方便来吗？2). I can’ t see him now; it’ s not convenient. 我现在不便见他。

[重点用法]be convenient to sb. 对某人方便It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。

1). Come and see me _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ (无论你何时方便).2). We must arrange a ________ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.3). I keep my reference books near by desk for _______ (convenient).Keys: 1). whenever it’ s convenient to you2). convenient 3). convenience3. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情﹑愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）[典例]1). She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。

2). Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。

[重点用法]seize hold of sth 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机seize on/upon sth 意识到某事物而立即加以利用4. file n.[c] 文件；档案vt. 把……归档[典例]1). Here are our files on the results of the business in the past five years. 这是我们过去五年来经营成绩的案卷。

2). Please file this paper away, Miss Mary. 玛丽小姐，请把这份文件归档。

[重点用法]have／open／keep a file on存有／设立／保存……的档案5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着；悬挂着vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死[典例]1). His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modem Arts. 他的画在现代艺术馆展出。

2). The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。

[重点用法]hang about 闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡hang on 紧握着；(电话用语)别挂断hang up 挂；挂断电话；延迟；推迟或搁置Ⅳ.重点词组（旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. call up 征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆；带入心中；打电话给某人[典例]1). He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。

2). I was called up three months after war broke out.. 战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。

[短语归纳] call短语：call back 召回；回电话；收回处理call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)call for 要求，提倡，为……叫喊call forth 使产生；引起；使起作用call in 召集，召来，来访call off 取消；取消或延期：call out 出动，唤起，大声叫唤[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或副词。

1). This is the work that calls _______ patience.2). Human Rights groups are calling _______ the release of political prisoners.3). He had to _______ the meeting because of the bad weather.4). I’ ll call _______ him tomorrow do you want to visit h im with me?5). The company has called _______ all such models as built in 1990.6). The government then called _______ troops to deal with the disturbances.7). The old photo calls _______ memories of my childhood.Keys: 1). for 2). for 3). off 4). on 5). back 6). in 7). up2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）；着手做某事[典例]1). I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。

2). The new government must set about finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。

[短语归纳] set短语：set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）set sth down 将某事物记在纸上；写下来set out 从某地出发上路set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等）set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸set to 精力充沛地开始做某事set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创（体育）记录[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词。

1). I don’ t know how to set _______ this job.2). She set _______ a new world record time _______ the 100 metres.3). They set _______ on the last stage _______ their journey.4). How do senior managers set _______ making these decisions?Keys: 1). about 2). up; in 3). out; of 4). about3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时[典例]1). I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。

2). Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着。

[短语归纳] now短语：now (that)... 由於……；既然right now 此刻；现在by now 到目前为止just now 刚才from now on 从现在开始4. out of order次序颠倒；发生故障[典例]Our air—conditioner is out of order. 我们的冷气机出故障了。

[短语归纳] order短语：in order 整齐，状况良好，适宜，按顺序in order that后接从句，而in order to后接动词原形5. get through 用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；通过（与某人）联系（尤指通电话）[典例]1). I’ ve got through a lot of correspondence today. 今天我处理了一大批信件。

2). I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldn’ t get through (to y ou). 昨天我给你打了几次电话, 可是都没（和你）接通。

[短语归纳] get短语：get (sth) across (to sb)（使某事）传播或为人理解get ahead (of sb) 领先（於某人）get along with sb 与某人合得来；与某人和睦相处get on/along with sth 取得进展get away (from sb/...) 逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地）get off 离开某地或出发get away with sth 偷携某物潜逃；不因某事受惩罚get by (on sth)（靠某物）勉强维生；设法维持；对付get over sth overcome克服；战胜；掌握get down to sth/doing sth 开始做某事；重视某事物；认真处理某事6. ring back 回复电话[典例]1). I’ ll ask him to ring you back. 我会叫他给你回电话。