呼吸系统_英文版ppt课件
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医学英语呼吸系统课件
支气管分为左支气管和右支气 管，分别进入左肺和右肺。
肺
肺是呼吸系统的主要器官，负责氧气和二氧化碳 的交换。
肺由无数的肺泡组成，是氧气和二氧化碳进行交 换的主要部位。
肺泡之间有丰富的毛细血管，为氧气和二氧化碳 的交换提供便利。
胸膜与胸廓
胸膜是包裹在肺表面的薄膜，分为脏层和壁层两部分。 壁层胸膜紧贴肋骨和胸骨，形成胸廓的外部轮廓。
康复锻炼
呼吸锻炼
运动锻炼
如深呼吸、腹式呼吸等，有助于加强呼吸肌 力量，改善肺功能。
如散步、慢跑、游泳等，可以提高心肺功能 ，增强体质。
心理调适
戒烟限酒
如放松训练、心理疏导等，有助于缓解紧张 情绪，减轻呼吸困难症状。
戒烟限酒可以改善呼吸系统功能，减少呼吸 道疾病的发生。
营养支持与饮食护理
营养支持
呼吸系统疾病患者需要充足的营养支持，如蛋白质、维生素 、矿物质等，以增强免疫力和抵抗力。
医学英语呼吸系统课件
xx年xx月xx日
目录
• 呼吸系统概述 • 呼吸系统解剖结构 • 呼吸系统生理功能 • 呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗 • 呼吸系统护理与康复 • 医学英语与呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗
01
呼吸系统概述
呼吸系统组成
鼻腔
呼吸系统的入口，具有滤清、加湿 和加热空气的功能。
喉
连接鼻腔和气管，具有调节空气流 量和防止吸入异物的作用。
饮食护理
患者应该选择清淡、易消化的食物，避免辛辣、油腻、刺激 性食物对呼吸道的刺激。同时要保持饮食均衡，摄入足够的 营养素。
06
医学英语与呼吸系统疾病诊断与治疗
学习医学英语词汇
学习与呼吸系统相关的医学英 语词汇，如肺部疾病、呼吸道 疾病、胸膜疾病等。
呼吸系统(英文版) PPT-
The nasopharynx is the fist division, and it is nearest to the nasal cavities. It contains the adenoids, which are masses of lymphatic tissue. The adenoids (also known as the pharyngeal tonsils) are more prominent in children, and if enlarged, they can obstruct air passageways.
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
9
New words
咽
nasopharynx 鼻咽 oropharynx 口咽 laryngopharynx喉咽 pharyngeal 咽的 hypopharyngeal 下咽的
throat 咽喉 adenoid 腺样体
adeno-
adenoma
adenocarcinoma
adenovirus
Responsibilities of respiratory system
Respiration = exchange of gases between body and air
Provides oxygen to body cells for energy Removes carbon dioxide from body cells
tonsil 扁桃体
pharyngeal ~
palatine ~
palatine 腭的 larynx 喉 esophagus 食道 vocal cord 声带 vibrate震动 deterrent 妨碍物 flap 皮瓣 epiglottis 会厌 10
respiratorysystem呼吸系统ppt课件
❖ Other applications of V/Q imaging are related to assessment of regional pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in other pathologic states, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, asthma, and preoperative and postoperative evaluation of lung function.
2. Lung Perfusion Imaging
2.1 Principle
Pulmonary perfusion imaging is based on the principle of capillary blockade.
Particles slightly larger than the pulmonary capillaries (>8um) are injected intravenously and travel to the right heart, where venous blood is uniformly mixed.
Pulmonary segments with decreased or absent blood flow show diminished radioactivity.
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Radiopharmaceuticalsபைடு நூலகம்
❖ The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi and these in turn divide into lobar bronchi (upper, middle, and lower on the right, and upper and lower on the left). The airways continue to divide into terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
2. Lung Perfusion Imaging
2.1 Principle
Pulmonary perfusion imaging is based on the principle of capillary blockade.
Particles slightly larger than the pulmonary capillaries (>8um) are injected intravenously and travel to the right heart, where venous blood is uniformly mixed.
Pulmonary segments with decreased or absent blood flow show diminished radioactivity.
2.2 Methods
2.2.1 Radiopharmaceuticalsபைடு நூலகம்
❖ The trachea divides into right and left main bronchi and these in turn divide into lobar bronchi (upper, middle, and lower on the right, and upper and lower on the left). The airways continue to divide into terminal bronchioles, respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs.
人体解剖学呼吸系统PPT课件
61
3.胸膜下界：在锁骨中线与第8肋相交，在腋中线与第10 肋相交，在肩胛线与11肋相交。
62
二、纵 隔（mediastinum） 1、概念：两侧纵隔胸膜之间的所有器官
和组织的总称。
63
2、分部：上纵隔： 下纵隔：前纵隔、中纵隔、后纵隔
64
学习要点
1、呼吸系统的组成，上下呼吸道的分界。 2、喉的位置、软骨的组成、喉腔的结构特点。 3、气管的位置、左右支气管的形态结构特点。 4、肺的位置、形态、左右肺的形态结构特点。 5、肺的组织结构特点；气血屏障。 6、胸膜与胸膜腔的概念、肋膈隐窝。
25
第三节 肺 （lungs）
• 一、肺的位置和形态
• 1、位置：位于胸腔内，左、右两肺分居
•
纵隔的两侧，膈的上方。
26
• 2、形态：
• 一尖：肺尖
• 一底：肺底
• 三面：膈面
•
胸肋面
•
纵隔面：
•
肺门
•
肺根
•
27
纵隔面：肺门、肺根
28
左右肺的形态区别： 左肺狭而长，前缘有心切迹。以斜裂分上、下两叶。 右肺宽而短，以斜裂、水平裂分上中、下三叶。
•
易患上颌窦炎。
•
蝶窦：前组、中组开口于中鼻道。
•
后组开口于上鼻道。
•
筛窦：开口于蝶筛隐窝。
7
鼻旁窦：鼻腔周围的含气空腔。
8
鼻旁窦
开口部位
蝶窦
蝶筛隐窝
筛窦 后组 上鼻道
前中组 中鼻道
额窦
中鼻道
上颌窦
中鼻道
9
二、喉（larynx）
• 喉的位置： • 位于颈前部的正中，平对第4—6颈椎，上通咽 • 腔，下接气管。
3.胸膜下界：在锁骨中线与第8肋相交，在腋中线与第10 肋相交，在肩胛线与11肋相交。
62
二、纵 隔（mediastinum） 1、概念：两侧纵隔胸膜之间的所有器官
和组织的总称。
63
2、分部：上纵隔： 下纵隔：前纵隔、中纵隔、后纵隔
64
学习要点
1、呼吸系统的组成，上下呼吸道的分界。 2、喉的位置、软骨的组成、喉腔的结构特点。 3、气管的位置、左右支气管的形态结构特点。 4、肺的位置、形态、左右肺的形态结构特点。 5、肺的组织结构特点；气血屏障。 6、胸膜与胸膜腔的概念、肋膈隐窝。
25
第三节 肺 （lungs）
• 一、肺的位置和形态
• 1、位置：位于胸腔内，左、右两肺分居
•
纵隔的两侧，膈的上方。
26
• 2、形态：
• 一尖：肺尖
• 一底：肺底
• 三面：膈面
•
胸肋面
•
纵隔面：
•
肺门
•
肺根
•
27
纵隔面：肺门、肺根
28
左右肺的形态区别： 左肺狭而长，前缘有心切迹。以斜裂分上、下两叶。 右肺宽而短，以斜裂、水平裂分上中、下三叶。
•
易患上颌窦炎。
•
蝶窦：前组、中组开口于中鼻道。
•
后组开口于上鼻道。
•
筛窦：开口于蝶筛隐窝。
7
鼻旁窦：鼻腔周围的含气空腔。
8
鼻旁窦
开口部位
蝶窦
蝶筛隐窝
筛窦 后组 上鼻道
前中组 中鼻道
额窦
中鼻道
上颌窦
中鼻道
9
二、喉（larynx）
• 喉的位置： • 位于颈前部的正中，平对第4—6颈椎，上通咽 • 腔，下接气管。
呼吸系统-英文版ppt课件
可编辑课件PPT
6
Diaphragm located below the lungs, attaching to the lower ribs, sternum and lumbar spine and forming the base of the thoracic cavity, is the major muscle of respiration. It is a large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts rhythmically and continually, and most of the time, involuntarily. Upon inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and flattens and the chest cavity enlarges. This contraction creates a vacuum, which pulls air into the lungs. Upon exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and returns to its domelike shape, and air is forced out of the lungs.
可编辑课件PPT
5
When you breathe, the air: enters the body through the nose or the mouth travels down the throat through the larynx (voice box) and trachea (windpipe) goes into the lungs through tubes called main-stem bronchi one main-stem bronchus leads to the right lung and one to the left lung in the lungs, the main-stem bronchi divide into smaller bronchi and then into even smaller tubes called bronchioles bronchioles end in tiny air sacs called alveoli
呼吸系统疾病英文PPT课件
Based on anatomy or X-ray manifestation
❖ Bronchopneumonia ❖ Lobar or Lobular Pneumonia ❖ Interstitial Pneumonia
Based on etiology
❖ Bacterial pneumonia ❖ Viral Pneumonia ❖ Mycoplasma Pneumonia ❖ Chlamydia Pneumonia
Classification of Respiratory Infections
According to the level of the respiratory tree most involved:
❖ Upper respiratory tract infection
❖ Lower respiratory tract infection
❖ Pneumonia remains the most common cause of morbidity in China.
Question
How to classify pneumonia in clinic?
Classification
❖ Anatomy ❖ Pathogens ❖ Severity ❖ Duration ❖ Onset site
What are the signs and symptoms of pneumonia?
The clinical signs and symptoms of pneumonia depend primarily on the age of the patient, the causative organism, and the severity of the disease.
《呼吸系统疾病》PPT课件
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
h
35
（3）灰色肝样变期（5－6天） ① 形成：变态反应达到高峰并逐渐减弱 ② 镜下：
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
③ 肉眼：病变肺叶肿胀、暗红色，切面可挤出 泡沫状血性浆液。
h
27
lobar pneumonia（大叶性肺炎）
h
28
④ 临床病理联系：
A、毒血症：寒战高热、外周血白细胞计数升高。 B、呼吸道症状：咳嗽、咳痰。 C、渗出液中可检出肺炎链球菌。 D、X线：片状模糊阴影。
h
29
（2）红色肝样变期 （3－4天） ① 形成：变态反应增强，血管扩张、通透性增高 更加明显，纤维蛋白原渗出。 ② 镜下： A、肺泡壁：毛细血管扩张充血。 B、肺泡腔：大量红细胞、一定量的纤维素
h
14
第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节 第五节 第六节
肺炎 慢性阻塞性肺病 肺尘埃沉着症 慢性肺源性心脏病 呼吸窘迫综合征 肺癌
h
15
n 1
Pneumonia 肺炎
h
16
概述：
➢ 指肺的急性渗出性炎症。
分类依据
病因 性质 病变部位 范围
h
17
一、细菌性肺炎
（一）大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）
通过肺泡间孔蔓延
h
22
2、病因和发病机制
（1）病因： 肺炎链球菌 （2）诱因： 呼吸道防御功能减弱 （3）发病机制：
细菌侵入肺泡内繁殖
Ⅰ型变态反应
h
35
（3）灰色肝样变期（5－6天） ① 形成：变态反应达到高峰并逐渐减弱 ② 镜下：
A、肺泡壁：毛细血管受压，充血消退。 B、肺泡腔：大量纤维素和中性粒细胞，纤维素丝 穿过肺泡间孔与相邻肺泡中的纤维素网相连
③ 肉眼：病变肺叶肿胀、暗红色，切面可挤出 泡沫状血性浆液。
h
27
lobar pneumonia（大叶性肺炎）
h
28
④ 临床病理联系：
A、毒血症：寒战高热、外周血白细胞计数升高。 B、呼吸道症状：咳嗽、咳痰。 C、渗出液中可检出肺炎链球菌。 D、X线：片状模糊阴影。
h
29
（2）红色肝样变期 （3－4天） ① 形成：变态反应增强，血管扩张、通透性增高 更加明显，纤维蛋白原渗出。 ② 镜下： A、肺泡壁：毛细血管扩张充血。 B、肺泡腔：大量红细胞、一定量的纤维素
h
14
第一节 第二节 第三节 第四节 第五节 第六节
肺炎 慢性阻塞性肺病 肺尘埃沉着症 慢性肺源性心脏病 呼吸窘迫综合征 肺癌
h
15
n 1
Pneumonia 肺炎
h
16
概述：
➢ 指肺的急性渗出性炎症。
分类依据
病因 性质 病变部位 范围
h
17
一、细菌性肺炎
（一）大叶性肺炎（lobar pneumonia）
通过肺泡间孔蔓延
h
22
2、病因和发病机制
（1）病因： 肺炎链球菌 （2）诱因： 呼吸道防御功能减弱 （3）发病机制：
细菌侵入肺泡内繁殖
Ⅰ型变态反应
呼吸系统 气体交换(英文版)
Transport---O2
a protein made up of four subunits Hemoglobin molecule bound together Each iron atom can bind one molecule of oxygen, a single hemoglobin molecule can bind four molecules of oxygen.
Gas Exchange in the tissues
•In this manner, as blood flows through systemic capillaries, its PO2 decreases and its PCO2 increases.
Metabolic reactions occurring within cells are constantly consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide .Therefore , intracellular PO2 is lower and PCO2 higher than in blood .As the result ,there is a net diffusion of oxygen from blood into cells ,and a net diffusion of carbon dioxide from cells into blood.
In lung affections or pulmonary edema ,some of the alveoli may become filled with fluid .Diffusion may also be impaired if the alveolar walls become thickened. Very importantly ,diffusion problems in the lung are restricted to oxygen and do not affect elimination of carbon dioxide ,which is much more diffusible than oxygen.
系统解剖 呼吸系统 英文版.Respiratory system
★ Laryngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Epiglottic cartilage 会厌软骨 Arytenoid cartilage 杓状软骨
Layngeal cartilages 喉软骨
Thyroid cartilage 甲状软骨 Shield-shaped cartilage ★Laryngeal prominence 喉结 Superior thyroid notch Superior and inferior cornu Cricoid cartilage 环状软骨 Complete ring of cartilage (shaped like a signet ring) ★Arch of cricoid cartilage环状软骨弓 环状软骨弓 －at level of C6 Lamina of cricoid cartilage环状软骨板 环状软骨板
May be site of circothyrotomy during acute respiratory obstruction
Membranes and ligambrane 方形膜 Vestibular ligament 前庭韧带 Vocal ligament 声韧带
Middle nasal meatus Middle nasal meatus Superior nasal meatus
Larynx 喉
★ Position Situated in the anterior part of the neck (below the hyoid bone) Extends from vertebral level of C3 to C6 Structures The framework of the larynx is made up of cartilages, which connected by membranes and ligaments and moved by muscles It is lines by mucous membrane
医学英语呼吸系统ppt课件
最新版整理ppt
5
Lower Respiratory Passageways and Lungs
The pharynx conducts air into the trachea, a tube
reinforced with C-shaped rings of cartilage(软骨) to prevent its
The smallest of the conducting tubes, the bronchioles( 细支气管), carry air into the microscopic air sacs, the aveoli(肺泡), whrough which gases are exchanged between the lungs and the blood.
Medical Terminology（3）
The Respiratory System 呼吸系统
刘帅
研究生英语教研室（综合楼110）
最新版整理ppt
1
Introduction of the Respiratory system
The main function of the respiratory system is to provide oxygen to body cells for energy metabolism and to eliminate carbon dioxide, a byproduct of metabolism. Because these gases must be carried to and from the cells in the blood, the respiratory system works closely with the cardiovascular system to accomplish gas exchange.
呼吸系统组织结构(英文版)课件
• Small granule cell (neuroendocrine cell)
-EM: dense-core granules -Function: secret hormones to regulate contract of SM and secretion of gland
i. 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin) ii. Calcitonin
respiratory region
LP: vascular network
Olfactory cells
Ep: olfactory epi. Supporting cells
olfactory region
Basal cells
LP: serous gland (Bowman gland, olfactory gland)
Epithelium
Figure 17-6: Ciliated respiratory epithelium
ciliated cell
• with cilia
• To provide a sweeping motion from the farthest reaches towards larynx
→terminal bronchioles
• Function:
inspire air (cleaned, moistened,
warmed)
Respiratory portion respiratory bronchioles
→alveolar duct →alveolar sac → alveoli
1.Nasal cavity (study by yourself)
vestibular region
pneumonia呼吸系统肺炎英文带教 ppt课件
• Viruses病毒
fung-
真菌
fungoid似真菌的，状的[fʌŋgɔɪd] 、fungicide杀真菌 剂[fʌngɪsaɪd]
myc-
2024/4/24
霉菌
mycoology霉菌学，真菌学 antimycotic抗真菌的
Respiratory System
Classification分类
neutrophils 中性粒细胞的氧化代谢
2024/4/24
Respiratory System
鼻炎
Sinus/-itis ['saɪnə'saɪtɪs]
鼻窦炎
咽炎
Pharyng/-itis [.færɪn'dʒaɪtɪs]
咽炎
Laryng/-itis [lærɪn'dʒaɪtɪs] 喉炎
Bronch/-itis [brɒŋ'kaɪtɪs] 支气管炎
Muc(o)Slime
Myx(o)-
Bronch (o)-
bronchi
2024/4/24
Mucoid['mju:kɔɪd]粘液样的 mucociliary[mju:kəʊ'sɪlɪərɪ] 黏液纤毛 的 mucositis[m'ju:kɒsaɪtɪs] 黏膜炎
Myxoma[mɪks'əʊmə]粘液瘤 myxobacteria[mɪksəbæk'tɪərɪə] 黏细菌 myxiod粘液样的
Pulmo( o)-
Pulmonary['pʌlmənəri]肺的,肺病的
Pathobiology[pæθəbaɪ'ɒlədʒɪ] 病理学 Pathogen[‘pæθədʒən]病原体
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and lungs
Function Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
.
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
.
The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
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The Upper Respiratory Tracts
Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.
Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and esophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea.
average adult lung.n oxygen, which all cells throughout the body need to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the following: heart and its large vessels trachea (windpipe) esophagus thymus lymph nodes The right lung has three sections, called lobes. The left lung has two lobes.
Bronchioles: Tertiary bronchi continue to divide and become bronchioles, very narrow tubes. There is no cartilage within the bronchioles and they lead to alveolar sacs.
Alveoli: Individual hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs (or ducts).
Alveoli have very thin walls which permit the exchange of gases oxygen and
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.
Function Transports air into the lungs and facilitates the diffusion of oxygen into the blood stream. It also receives waste carbon dioxide from the blood and exhales it.
.
The respiratory system can be divided into two parts: The upper respiratory tracts:mouth, nose & nasal cavity,pharynx and larynx The lower respiratory tracts:trachea,bronchi,bronchioles,alveoli,diaphragm
Bronchi The trachea divides into two tubes called bronchi, one entering the left and one entering the right lung. Bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes known as bronchioles. Bronchioles terminate in grape-like sac clusters known as alveoli. Alveoli are surrounded by a network of thin-walled capillaries.
carbon dioxide. They are surrounded by a network of capillaries, into which the
inspired gases pass. There are approximately 3 million alveoli within an
.
The Lower Respiratory Tracts Trachea Muscular cartilaginous tract that is a continuation of the larynx; it divides into two main bronchi, each of which ends in a lung, and allows air to pass. The inner membrane of the trachea is covered in tiny hairs called cilia, which catch particles of dust which we can then remove through coughing.
.
The Upper Respiratory Tracts
Mouth, nose & nasal cavity: The function of this part of the system is to warm, filter and moisten the incoming air.
Pharynx: Here the throat divides into the trachea (wind pipe) and esophagus (food pipe). There is also a small flap of cartilage called the epiglottis which prevents food from entering the trachea.
average adult lung.n oxygen, which all cells throughout the body need to live and carry out their normal functions. The lungs also get rid of carbon dioxide, a waste product of the body's cells. The lungs are a pair of cone-shaped organs made up of spongy, pinkish-gray tissue. They take up most of the space in the chest, or the thorax (the part of the body between the base of the neck and diaphragm). The lungs are separated from each other by the mediastinum, an area that contains the following: heart and its large vessels trachea (windpipe) esophagus thymus lymph nodes The right lung has three sections, called lobes. The left lung has two lobes.
Bronchioles: Tertiary bronchi continue to divide and become bronchioles, very narrow tubes. There is no cartilage within the bronchioles and they lead to alveolar sacs.
Alveoli: Individual hollow cavities contained within alveolar sacs (or ducts).
Alveoli have very thin walls which permit the exchange of gases oxygen and
Larynx: This is also known as the voice box as it is where sound is generated.It contains the vocal cords. It also helps protect the trachea by producing a strong cough reflex if any solid objects pass the epiglottis.