上海外国语大学二外英语2001年考研真题考研试题硕士研究生入学考试试题
(NEW)上海外国语大学251俄语二外历年考研真题及详解
【解析】句意为：姓李的病人被禁止从床上起来。表示禁止做某事，强 调动作，用未完成体。
5．Я четверокурсник, уже три с лишним года (учился, учусь) в университете.
【答案】учусь
【解析】句意为：我是四年级的学生，已经在学校里学习三年多了。现 在动作依然在继续，用现在时。
【答案】помогать родителям делать домашнее хозяйство 10．在电话中交谈 【答案】разговаривать по телефону III. Поставьте слова в скобках в нужной форме.(10%) 1．(Я) зовут Мария Ивановна. 【答案】Меня 【解析】固定搭配：Кого зовут...表示某人叫什么名字。 2．Она работает (учительница) в школе. 【答案】учительницей 【解析】固定搭配：работать кем-чем担任某种工作或职业。 3．В (эта неделя) Валентина Телешкова очень занята. 【答案】этой неделе 【解析】表示在具体的一周，用六格。 4．У учительницы мало (свободное время). 【答案】свободного времени 【解析】句意为：老师的时间很少。мало后面加复数二格。 5．В комнате (никто) нет. 【答案】никого 【解析】句意为：房间里没人。被否定的名词用二格。 6．Родители очень рады (успехи своего сына) в учебе.
上海外国语大学mti英语翻译硕士考研真题
一、翻译硕士英语（211）1.选择题（20*1')考单词为主，后面有几道语法。
单词以专八词汇为主，少量的gre词汇。
2.阅读（20*1'）四篇阅读，个人觉得很简单，文章很短，只有一面的长度吧，用专八阅读练习足够了。
3.改错（10*1'）比专八改错简单、前几年考的是修辞和英美文化常识、或古希腊神话典故。
4.作文（50分，500字）谈谈你对happiness的定义。
二、英语翻译基础（357）1.英译汉（75分）该部分选取的是卢梭的《爱弥儿》（Emile, or On Education）部分文章，主要选自《爱弥儿》第三卷第一节。
全文1000多字，共11段，但题目只要求翻译划线部分，总计翻译872字，共6段。
完整原文如下：The whole course of man's life up to adolescence is a period of weakness; yet there comes a time during these early years when the child's strength overtakes the demands upon it, when the growing creature, though absolutely weak, is relatively strong. His needs are not fully developed and his present strength is more than enough for them. He would be a very feeble man, but he is a strong child.What is the cause of man's weakness? It is to be found in the disproportion between his strength and his desires. It is our passions that make us weak, for our natural strength is not enough for their satisfaction. To limit our desires comes to the same thing, therefore, as to increase our strength. When we can do more than we want, we have strength enough and to spare, we are really strong. This is the third stage of childhood, the stage with which I am about to deal. I still speak of childhood for want of a better word; for our scholar is approaching adolescence, though he has not yet reached the age of puberty.About twelve or thirteen the child's strength increases far more rapidly than his needs. The strongest and fiercest of the passions is still unknown, his physical development is still imperfect and seems to await the call of the will. He is scarcely aware of extremes of heat and cold and braves them with impunity. He needs no coat, his blood is warm; no spices, hunger is his sauce, no food comes amiss at this age; if he is sleepy he stretches himself on the ground and goes to sleep; he finds all he needs within his reach; he is not tormented by any imaginary wants; he cares nothing what others think; his desires are not beyond his grasp; not only is he self-sufficing, but for the first and last time in his life he has more strength than he needs.I know beforehand what you will say. You will not assert that the child has more needs than I attribute to him, but you will deny his strength. You forget that I am speaking of my own pupil, not of those puppets who walk with difficulty from one room to another, who toil indoors and carry bundles of paper. Manly strength, you say, appears only with manhood; the vital spirits, distilled in their proper vessels and spreading through the whole body, can alone make the muscles firm, sensitive, tense, and springy, can alone cause real strength. This is the philosophy of the study;I appeal to that of experience. In the country districts, I see big lads hoeing, digging, guiding the plough, filling the wine-cask, driving the cart, like their fathers; you would take them for grown men if their voices did not betray them. Even in our towns, iron-workers', tool makers', and blacksmiths' lads are almost as strong as their masters and would be scarcely less skilful had their training begun earlier. If there is a difference, and I do not deny that there is, it is, I repeat, much less than the difference between the stormy passions of the man and the few wants of the child. Moreover, it is not merely a question of bodily strength, but more especially of strength of mind, which reinforces and directs the bodily strength.This interval in which the strength of the individual is in excess of his wants is, as I have said, relatively though not absolutely the time of greatest strength. It is the most precious time in his life; it comes but once; it is very short, all too short, as you will see when you consider the importance of using it aright.He has, therefore, a surplus of strength and capacity which he will never have again. What use shall he make of it? He will strive to use it in tasks which will help at need. He will, so to speak, cast his present surplus into the storehouse of the future; the vigorous child will make provision for the feeble man; but he will not store his goods where thieves may break in, nor in barns which are not his own. To store them aright, they must be in the hands and the head, they must be stored within himself. This is the time for work, instruction, and inquiry. And note that this is no arbitrary choice of mine, it is the way of nature herself.Human intelligence is finite, and not only can no man know everything, he cannot even acquire all the scanty knowledge of others. Since the contrary of every false proposition is a truth, there are as many truths as falsehoods. We must, therefore, choose what to teach as well as when to teach it. Some of the information within our reach is false, some is useless, some merely serves to puff up its possessor. The small store which really contributes to our welfare alone deserves the study of a wise man, and therefore of a child whom one would have wise. He must know not merely what is, but what is useful.From this small stock we must also deduct those truths which require a full grown mind for their understanding, those which suppose a knowledge of man's relations to his fellow-men--a knowledge which no child can acquire; these things, although in themselves true, lead an inexperienced mind into mistakes with regard to other matters.We are now confined to a circle, small indeed compared with the whole of human thought, but this circle is still a vast sphere when measured by the child's mind. Dark places of the human understanding, what rash hand shall dare to raise your veil? What pitfalls does our so-called science prepare for the miserable child. Would you guide him along this dangerous path and draw the veil from the face of nature? Stay your hand. First make sure that neither he nor you will become dizzy. Beware of the specious charms of error and the intoxicating fumes of pride. Keep this truth ever before you--Ignorance never did any one any harm, error alone is fatal, and we do not lose our way through ignorance but through self-confidence.His progress in geometry may serve as a test and a true measure of the growth of his intelligence, but as soon as he can distinguish between what is useful and what is useless, much skill and discretion are required to lead him towards theoretical studies. For example, would you have him find a mean proportional between two lines, contrive that he should require to find a square equal to a given rectangle; if two mean proportionals are required, you must first contrive to interest him in the doubling of the cube. See how we are gradually approaching the moral ideas which distinguish between good and evil. Hitherto we have known no law but necessity, now we are considering what is useful; we shall soon come to what is fitting and right.Man's diverse powers are stirred by the same instinct. The bodily activity, which seeks an outlet for its energies, is succeeded by the mental activity which seeks for knowledge. Children are first restless, then curious; and this curiosity, rightly directed, is the means of development for the age with which we are dealing. Always distinguish between natural and acquired tendencies. There is a zeal for learning which has no other foundation than a wish to appear learned, and there is another which springs from man's natural curiosity about all things far or near which may affect himself. The innate desire for comfort and the impossibility of its complete satisfaction impel him to the endless search for fresh means of contributing to its satisfaction. This is the first principle of curiosity;a principle natural to the human heart, though its growth is proportional to the development of our feeling and knowledge. If a man of science were left on a desert island with his books and instruments and knowing that he must spend the rest of his life there, he would scarcely trouble himself about the solar system, the laws of attraction, or the differential calculus. He might never even open a book again; but he would never rest till he had explored the furthest corner of his island, however large it might be. Let us therefore omit from our early studies such knowledge as has no natural attraction for us, and confine ourselves to such things as instinct impels us to study.2.汉译英（75分）2016年11月5日，上海外国语大学首届“中国学的国际对话：方法与体系”国际研讨会在虹口校区高翻学院同传室拉开帷幕，本次学术研讨会由上外主办，中国学研究所协同国际关系与公共事务学院、高级翻译学院联合承办，欧盟研究中心、俄罗斯研究中心、英国研究中心、中日韩合作研究中心以及马克思主义学院共同参与。
二外英语2001试题+答案
北京外国语大学北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目考试科目：：二外英语二外英语I. Each problem in thin part consists of a sentence in which ore word or phrase has been underlined. From the four choices given. You should choose the one word or phrase which could be substituted for the underlined word or phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence. (20%). 1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.(A).protect (C).relieve(B).conserve (D).free 2.The new contact lenses made the woman blink her eyes much more than usual.(A).stain and stretch (C).rub(B).open and close (D).shade 3.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.(A).quickly (C).aimlessly(B).excitedly (D).steadily 4.The little boy had had a long day, he was feeling drowsy.(A).Lazy (C).exhausted(B).sleepy (D).sad 5.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.(A).desire for exercise (C).desire for sleep(B).desire for visitors (D).desire for food 6.The night was so foggy that the murderer was easily able to escape his pursers.(A).misty (C).mild(B).moist (D).messy 7.I knew my father would discipline me for my actions.(A).reward (C).congratulate(B).reprove (D).punish 8.He was able to mend the cup and saucer.(A).wash (C).decorate(B).repair (D).mold 9.The girl took a ling hike on her first morning at camp .(A).horseback ride (C).bicycle ride(B).walk (D).swim 10.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter.(A).sinful (C).absurd(B).tragic (D).unpardonable 11.The flowers will wither in a few hours.(A).blossom (C).open(B).dry up (D).revive 12.he was too old to keep up the pace for more than a few mils .(A).pretense (C).appearance(B).speed (D).practice 13.The candidate’s victory at the polls was overwhelming.(A).treachery (C).triumph(B).defeat (D).popularity14.By taking larger seams，it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you(A).enlarge (C).shorten(B).change (D).design15.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken.(A).hide oneself (C).protect oneself(B).run away (D).hesitate16.The noisy throng of teenagers jammed the hall to hear the rock concert.(A).parents (C).crowd(B).quartet (D).class17.That matter is so confidential that it must not be discussed outside this office(A).important (C).interesting(B).secret (D).alarming18.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was contaminated(A).polluted (C).diluted(B).tinted (D).diverted19.The last weeks before Christmas are usually hectic, as people rush to get last-minute gifts.(A).happy (C).exciting(B).very (D).very busy20.At the stockholder’s meeting, the company spokesperson gave the shareholders the gist of the annual report.(A).copy (C).full details(B).main idea (D).good newsII. There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there here are four choices marked A).,B).,C).,and D)..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.(20%).1.She apologized for ______to come on time.(A).her not being able (C).her being not able(B).her being able not (D).she’s not being able2. ______ here yesterday, they would have been shocked.(A).Had the visiting group been (C).having the visiting group been(B).If the visiting group was (D).If the visiting group being3.The young couple seldom eat out at weekend because they have ______money.(A).so little (C).so few(B).very little (D).very few4.The work un the field continued ______torrential rain.(A).instead of (C).despite of(B).in spite of (D).even with5.The old man can't hope to ______his cold in few days.(A).get away (C).get over(B).get off (D).get out6.I wonder ______(A).how much costs the clock (C).how much the clock costs(B).how much does the clock cost (D).how much is this clock cost7.He is one of those who will be most enthusiastic over a hobby for a while, and then ______it for something else.(A).refuse (C).decline(B).ruin (D).drop8. He spoke slowly and clearly in order to make himself ______.(A).understood (C).to be understood(B).understand (D).to understand9.None of the servants were ______when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A).available (C).approachable(B).attainable (D).applicable10.He agrees to the proposal that the question ______to the vote.(A).is to be put (C).should put(B).will be put (D).be put11.A lot of people have tried , but ______have succeeded.(A).the few (C).few(B).a few (D).some12.Of the two watches , I prefer ______you showed us first.(A).that one (C).the one(B).the ones (D).those13.Fnmldy speaking, it is difficult for me to ______what he wrote.(A).make (C).make out(B).make for (D).make from14.Only when an enterprise profits ______increase.(A).can employees’ salaries and benefits(C).does employee’s salaries and benefits(B).employees’ salaries and benefits can(D).did employee’s salaries and benefits15.Both of you ______responsible for the accident(A).are (C).is(B).am (D).be16.She has such a bad cold that she lost all ______of smell.(A).sensitivity (C).sense(B).means (D).power17.Edison had only one suit ______very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.(A).which cost (c).that costs(B).which costs (D).which was cost18.Our sport team, ______, was good. Only one player didn't do so well.(A).as a whole (C).all in all(B).on the whole (D).ark-tall!9.Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ______(A).turned in (C).tuned over(B).turned out (D).turned up20.he was ______hurt ______ frightened .(A).much...and (C).more...than(B).so...and that (D).very...and thenIII. Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given. (20%).Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as widen sticks or stone club, and by lighting fires at night and above all, by keeping together.Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel moss water.Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, This is still the main reason why we travel today.Traveling, of course, has now become a highly or organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred and one other things, If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.As I am neither sociable nor adventurous, I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair. I like thinking of all those journeys that, despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make. I should like, for example, to have arrived in the world by stork. I should like to travel faster than time and have a look at the year A. D. 2050 or go back into the past and talk to famous men.I should also like to travel like a shell across ocean floors where I could explore the wrecks of ships and see curious fish that men have never seen.Although we shall never make journeys such as these, there are others that will soon be made which fifty years ago would have seemed impossible.Scientists have invented machines that can explore outer space. Eventually there will be cheap day excursions to the moon and honeymoons on Venus. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes I say “people” because I have no intention of being one of them.1.In primitive times men traveled(A).for joy(B).from necessity(C).to broaden the mind(D).to escape from the wild animals2. Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the reading passage. Their journeys were long, tiring and often dangerous, so(A).they had to arm themselves with wooden sticks.(B).they protected themselves with stone clubs.(C).they had to travel in groups.(D).they never traveled at night3. Later, they found it easier to travel because(A).they could travel by wagons.(B).they could ride on their tame animals and go across water in hollowed tree trunks.(C).the roads were splendid.(D).the climates were favourable.4.The author says “I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair.” This means(A).the author likes sitting in his armchair, dreaming of journeys which man can never make.(B).the author doesn't like traveling at all.(C).the author is a disabled man(D).the author will take his armchair with him wherever he travels.5.Traveling has now become a highly organized business(A).so we can travel anywhere without difficulty.(B).because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling.(C).because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over.(D).so travelers have increased rapidly.6.Which of the following journeys will man be able to make in the future?(A).flying to another planets(B).going back into the past(C).traveling faster than time to have a look at the year 2050.(D).a cheap day excursion to the sun7.The author is a man(A).who likes to make adventures(B).who isn't fond of keeping company with the others.(C).who prefers doing his traveling alone.(D).who is interested in exploring outer space8. ...despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make those journeys.“despite his creativeness” means(A).since man is not so creative as he should be.(B).as man is not clever enough.(C).although man is creative(D).no matter how hard man works9....to escape from hostile neighbors...“hostile” means(A).talkative(B).hotheaded(C).enthusiastic(D).unfriendly10.Which of the following sentences is correct (Pay attention to the use of the word “travel”).(A).what sort of a travel did they have?(B).did you have a good travel?(C).have you read “The Travels of Marco Polo”?(D).the travels that he made in the Arctic mc not his only claim to fame.F IV Fo o r each blank in the following passage,passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below .(20%).given below .(20%).An 80-year-old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suingdoctors who saved his life .Edward winter has witnessed his wife's death from a 1 attack .The doctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 2 with remarkable success, but leaving her brain 3 .Her death was a long and 4 experience which he did not want to go through himself. After she diedhe asked his doctor 5 to save him in 6 circumstances ,but instead to let him die 7 While out visiting in May 1988, Mr Winter 8 the heart attack which he so dreaded, and was rushed to St Francis hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who9 him wrote down on his chart that he was not to he10 but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr Winter’s 11 .The nurse took the usual 12 action and tried to revive him withan electric shock. His life was saved 13 the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 14 stay in a nursing home, partially15 and barelyably to speak without weeping. Though there is 16 hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 17 many more years. The hospital 18 hisstory,arguing that the injury suffered by Mr Winter is the19 of an act of God and they 20 him over $60,000 for saving his life.1.(A)heart (B)liver (C)brain (D)nerves2 (A)system (B)shock (C)device (D)operation3.(A)destroyed (B)disintegrated (C)dismembered (D)damaged4.(A)peaceful (B)unconscious (C)painful (D)harmless5.(A)not try (B)try (C)not to try (D)to try6.(A)similar (B)critical (C)serious (D)crucial7.(A)quickly (B)naturally (C)peacefully (D)comfortably8.(A)caught (B)suffered (C)passed (D)avoided9.(A)saw (B)knew (C)admitted (D)nursed10.(A)dead (B)neglected (C)alive (D)revived11.(A)condition (B)verdict (C)preference (D)wishes12.(A)emergency (B)urgency (C)crucial (D)immediacy13.(A)except (B)but (C)and (D)instead14.(A)had had to (B)had to (C)has had to (D)has to15.(A)paralyzed (B)anaethesized (C)intoxicated (D)crumped16.(A)little (B)much (C)some (D)such17.(A)struggle (B)survive (C)stay (D)endure18.(A)dislikes (B)proves (C)supports (D)disputes19.(A)subsequence (B)influence (C)punishment (D)consequence20.(A)donated (B)charged (C)lent (D)sparedV Tran V Trans s late the following paragraph into English(20%)late the following paragraph into English(20%)书在我们的教育中起着至关重要的作用。
2002年上海外国语大学俄语二外考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
[А]на математику
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圣才电子书
[В] для магемапп
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4. Сегодня я очень занят, и мне _____ идти в кино. [А]некуца [В]никуца
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[С] некогда
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
[D]никогда
【答案】С
【解析】“некогда”意为“没有什么时候可……”，主体用第三格，动词用不定式。
10. 克服学习中的困难 【答案】одолеть трудности в учёбе
二、Вместо линии вставьте правильный из четырех вариантов, заданных по сле
каждого предложения. (20%) 1. Прошло уже два месяца, но он все же не привык _____.
6. Я, как ваш учитель, радуюсь _____, которых вы достигли вучебе. [А]успехами [В]успехов [С]успехам [D] успвхи
【答案】C 【解析】“радуюсь+三格”意为“为……而高兴”。
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2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案
2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及答案2001年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题National Entrance Test Of English For MA/MS Candidates (2001)(NETEM 2001)Part ⅠStructure and V ocabularySection ADirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (5 points)Example:I have been to the Great Wall three times _________ 1979.［A］from ［B］after ［C］for ［D］sinceThe sentence should read, "I have been to the Great Wall three times since 1979." Therefore, you should choose ［D］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［C］［■］1.If I were in movie, then it would be about time that I _________ my head in my hands for a cry.［A］bury ［B］am burying ［C］buried ［D］would bury2.Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port _________ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.［A］to announce ［B］announced ［C］announcing ［D］was announced3.According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one _________ wait instead of searching for it.［A］would rather ［B］had to ［C］cannot but ［D］had best4.She felt suitably humble just as she _________ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.［A］had ［B］had had ［C］would have and ［D］has had5.There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite _________ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.［A］being resigned ［B］having resigned［C］going to resign ［D］resign6.So involved with their computers _________ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.［A］became the children ［B］become the children［C］had the children become ［D］do the children become7.The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is _________ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.［A］everything except ［B］anything but［C］no less than ［D］nothing more than8.One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. _________ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.［A］By ［B］In ［C］For ［D］With9.Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to _________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.［A］as ［B］which ［C］that ［D］what10.Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, _________ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.［A］be ［B］being ［C］were ［D］areSection BDirections:Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the rackets with a pencil. (10 points)Example:The lost car of the Lees was found _________ in the woods off the highway.［A］vanished ［B］scattered ［C］abandoned ［D］rejectedThe sentence should read. "The lost car of the Lees was found abandoned in the woods off the highway." There fore, you should choose ［C］.Sample Answer［A］［B］［■］［D］11.He is too young to be able to _________ between right and wrong.［A］discard ［B］discern ［C］disperse ［D］disregard12.It was no _________ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.［A］coincidence ［B］convention ［C］certainty ［D］complication13.One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships _________ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.［A］cautiously ［B］dutifully ［C］faithfully ［D］skillfully14.The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be _________ the welfare of his animals.［A］critical about［B］indignant at ［C］indifferent to［D］subject to15.The chairman of the board _________ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.［A］compelled ［B］posed ［C］pressed ［D］tempted16.It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with _________,［A］for long ［B］in and out ［C］once for all ［D］by natureing extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in _________ and lack of unity in style.［A］conflict ［B］confrontation［C］disturbance ［D］disharmony18.The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once _________.［A］thrived ［B］swelled ［C］prospered ［D］flourished19.However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to _________ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.［A］overturn ［B］overtake ［C］offset ［D］oppress20.Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is _________.［A］firm ［B］company ［C］corporation ［D］enterprise21.When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as _________.［A］novel ［B］remote ［C］distant ［D］foreign22.My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I _________ at a garage sale.［A］trifled with ［B］scraped through［C］stumbled upon［D］thirsted for23.Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could _________.［A］descend ［B］decline ［C］deteriorate ［D］depress24.Equipment not _________ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.［A］conforming to ［B］consistent with［C］predominant over ［D］providing for25.As an industry, biotechnology stands to _________ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.［A］contend ［B］contest ［C］rival ［D］strive26.The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving _________ for the states and liberty for individuals.［A］autonomy ［B］dignity ［C］monopoly ［D］stabilit27.For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost _________ as microorganisms. ［A］precisely ［B］instantly ［C］initially ［D］exclusively28.The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow _________, particularly in Western Europe.［A］obscure ［B］obsolete ［C］optional ［D］overlapping29.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just _________ and needs proving.［A］spontaneous ［B］hypothetical ［C］intuitive ［D］empirical30.The future of this company is _________: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.［A］at odds ［B］in trouble ［C］in vain ［D］at stakePart ⅡCloze TestDirections:For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］. Choose the best one and mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 by blackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil. (10 points)The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases 31 the trial of Rosemary West.In a significant 32of legal controls over the press. Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a 33bill that will propose making payments to witnesses 34and will strictly control the amount of 35that can be given to a case 36 a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he 37with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not 38sufficient control.39of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a 40of media protest when he said the 41of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges 42to Parliament.The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which 43the European Convention on Human Rights legally 44in Britain, laid down that everybody was45to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families."Press freedoms will be in safe hands 46our British judges," he said.Witness payments became an 47after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were 48to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised 49witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to 50guilty verdicts.31．［A］as to ［B］for instance ［C］in particular［D］such as32．［A］tightening ［B］intensifying ［C］focusing ［D］fastening33．［A］sketch ［B］rough ［C］preliminary ［D］draft34．［A］illogical ［B］illegal ［C］improbable ［D］improper35．［A］publicity ［B］penalty ［C］popularity ［D］peculiarity36．［A］since ［B］if ［C］before ［D］as37．［A］sided ［B］shared ［C］complied ［D］agreed38．［A］present ［B］offer ［C］manifest ［D］indicate39．［A］Release ［B］Publication ［C］Printing ［D］Exposure40．［A］storm ［B］rage ［C］flare ［D］flash41．［A］translation ［B］interpretation［C］exhibition ［D］demonstration 42．［A］better than ［B］other than ［C］rather than ［D］sooner than43．［A］changes ［B］makes ［C］sets ［D］turns44．［A］binding ［B］convincing ［C］restraining ［D］sustaining45．［A］authorized ［B］credited ［C］entitled ［D］qualified46．［A］with ［B］to ［C］from ［D］by47．［A］impact ［B］incident ［C］inference ［D］issue48．［A］stated ［B］remarked ［C］said ［D］told49．［A］what ［B］when ［C］which ［D］that50．［A］assure ［B］confide ［C］ensure ［D］guaranteePart ⅢReading ComprehensionDirections:Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked ［A］,［B］,［C］and ［D］.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Then mark your answer on ANSWER SHEET 1 byblackening the corresponding letter in the brackets with a pencil.(40 points)Passage 1Specialization can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialization was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity.No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word 'amateur' does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialization in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom.A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporatel, and reflect on, the wider geological picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.Although the process of professionalisation and specialization was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.51．The growth of specialization in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as _________.［A］sociology and chemistry［B］physics and psychology［C］sociology and psychology［D］physics and chemistry52．We can infer from the passage that _________.［A］there is little distinction between specialization andprofessionalisation［B］amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science［C］professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community［D］amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones53．The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate _________.［A］the process of specialization and professionalisation［B］the hardship of amateurs in scientific study［C］the change of policies in scientific publications［D］the discrimination of professionals against amateurs54．The direct reason for specialization is _________.［A］the development in communication［B］the growth of professionalisation［C］the expansion of scientific knowledge［D］the splitting up of academic societiesPassage 2A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so called digital divide-the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is why America's Second Wave infrastructure-including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain's former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you're going to be. That doesn't mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.55．Digital divide is something _________.［A］getting worse because of the Internet［B］the rich countries are responsible for［C］the world must guard against［D］considered positive today56．Governments attach importance to the Internet because it _________.［A］offers economic potentials［B］can bring foreign funds［C］can soon wipe out world poverty［D］connects people all over the world57．The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of _________. ［A］providing financial support overseas［B］preventing foreign capital's control［C］building industrial infrastructure［D］accepting foreign investment58．It seems that now a country's economy depends much on _________.［A］how well developed it is electronically［B］whether it is prejudiced against immigrants［C］whether it adopts America's industrial pattern［D］how much control it has over foreign corporationsPassage 3Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long self-analysis known as the journalism credibility project.Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world those readers really want.But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to see the world through a set of standard templates (patterns) into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwise confusing news.There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom seem alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were sent to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in these communities were phoned at random and asked the same questions.Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedeses, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees whose attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never seems to get around to noticing the cultural and class biases that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focused narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.59．What is the passage mainly about?［A］needs of the readers all over the world［B］causes of the public disappointment about newspapers［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry［D］aims of a journalism credibility project60．The results of the journalism credibility project turned out tobe .［A］quite trustworthy［B］somewhat contradictory［C］very illuminating［D］rather superficial61．The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies intheir _________.［A］working attitude［B］conventional lifestyle［C］world outlook［D］educational background62．Despite its efforts, he newspaper industry still cannot satisfy thereaders owing to its _________.［A］failure to realize its real problem［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting［D］prejudice in matters of race and genderPassage 4The world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:"Won't the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?" There's no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982.Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rapidly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s,multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy.I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling transportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customer's demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the world's wealth increases.Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the U.S., when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as WorldCom, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasing-witness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissan-but it does not appear that consumers are being hurt.Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Won't multinationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of "defending competition" on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?63．What is the typical trend of businesses today?［A］to take in more foreign funds［B］to invest more abroad［C］to combine and become bigger［D］to trade with more countries64．According to the author, one of the driving forces behind M&A wave is _________. ［A］the greater customer demands［B］a surplus supply for the market［C］a growing productivity［D］the increase of the world's wealth65．From paragraph 4 we can infer that _________.［A］the increasing concentration is certain to hurt consumers［B］WorldCom serves as a good example of both benefits and costs［C］the costs of the globalization process are enormous［D］the Stanard Oil trust might have threatened competition66．Toward the new business wave, the writer's attitude can be said to be _________.［A］optimistic［B］objective［C］pessimistic［D］biasedPassage 5When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend. A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked myprofessional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".Curiously, some two-and-a-half years and two novels later, my experiment in what the Americans term "downshifting" has turned my tired excuse into an absolute reality. I have been transformed from a passionate advocate of the philosophy of "having it all",preached by Linda Kelsey for the past seven years in the page of She magazine, into a woman who is happy to settle for a bit of everything.I have discovered, as perhaps Kelsey will after her much-publicized resignation from the editorship of She after a build up of stress, that abandoning the doctrine of "juggling your life",and making the alternative move into "downshifting" brings with it far greater rewards than financial success and social status. Nothing could persuade me to return to the kind of life Kelsey used to advocate and I once enjoyed:12 hour working days, pressured deadlines, the fearful strain of office politics and the limitations of being a parent on "quality time".In America, the move away from juggling to a simpler, less materialistic lifestyle is a well-established trend. Downshifting-also known in America as "voluntary simplicity"-has, ironically, even bred a new area of what might be termed anticonsumerism. There are a number of best-selling downshifting self-help books for people who want to simplify their lives; there are newsletters, such as The Tightwad Gazette, that give hundreds of thousands of Americans useful tips on anything from recycling their cling-film to making their own soap; there are even support groups for those who want to achieve the mid-'90s equivalent of dropping out.While in America the trend started as a reaction to the economic decline-after the mass redundancies caused by downsizing in the late'80s-and is still linked to the politics of thrift, in Britain, at least among the middle-class down-shifters of my acquaintance, we have different reasons for seeking to simplify our lives.For the women of my generation who were urged to keep juggling through the'80s,downshifting in the mid-'90s is not so much a search for the mythical good life-growing your own organic vegetables, and risking turning into one-as a personal recognition of your limitations.67．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?［A］Full-time employment is a new international trend.［B］The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.［C］"A lateral move" means stepping out of full-time employment.［D］The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.68．The writer's experiment shows that downshifting _________.［A］enables her to realize her dream［B］helps her mold a new philosophy of life［C］prompts her to abandon her high social status［D］leads her to accept the doctrine of [WTBX]she magazine69．"Juggling one's life" probably means living a life characterized by _________.［A］non-materialistic lifestyle［B］a bit of everything［C］extreme stress［D］anti-consumerism70．According to the passage, downshifting emerged in the U.S. as a resultof _________.［A］the quick pace of modern life［B］man's adventurous spirit［C］man's search for mythical experiences［D］the economic situationPart ⅣEnglish-Chinese TranslationDirections:Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese. Your translation must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(15 points)In less than 30 year's time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain's nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Recall.71)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. 72) Childrenwill play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television, and digital age will have arrived.According to BT's futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium(a period of 1，000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life.73)Pearson has pieced together to work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040.Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computer human links. "By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully, simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck," he says. 74)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration:"It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the end of the next century."Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances. A boom in neighborhood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. 75)And home appliances will also become so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder-kitchen rage.Part ⅤWriting。
二外俄语考研上海外国语大学251俄语二外考研真题
二外俄语考研上海外国语大学251俄语二外考研真题一、上海外国语大学俄语二外考研真题及详解I. Напишитеантонимыкследующимсловам.(10%)1．высокий—【答案】низкий~~2．твёрдый—【答案】мягкий~~3．купить—【答案】продать~~4．ответить—【答案】спросить~~5．послать—【答案】получить~~6．забыть—【答案】помнить~~7．далеко—【答案】близко~~8．быстро—【答案】медленно~~9．легко—【答案】трудно~~10．вход—【答案】выход~~II. Переведитесловосочетаниянарусскийязык.(10%) 1．在桥上走【答案】ходитьпомосту~~2．和朋友打招呼【答案】поздороватьсясдрузьями~~3．在工作时间【答案】Врабочеевремя~~4．出国旅游【答案】путешествоватьзаграницу~~5．订阅杂志【答案】Подписатьсянажурналы~~6．随手关门【答案】закрыватьзасобойдверь~~7．经济改革【答案】экономическаяреформа~~8．把杯子放到桌上去【答案】Поставитьстанканнастол~~9．帮父母做家务【答案】помогатьродителямделатьдомашнеехозяйство~~10．在电话中交谈【答案】разговариватьпотелефону~~III. Поставьтесловавскобкахвнужнойформе.(10%) 1．(Я) зовутМарияИвановна.【答案】Меня~~【解析】固定搭配：Когозовут...表示某人叫什么名字。
2006年上海外国语大学俄语二外考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2006年上海外国语大学俄语二外考研真题及详解1.Переведитеследующиесловосочетания.(20%)1.俄语系【答案】факультетрусскогоязыка2.俄罗斯政府【答案】правительствоРоссии3.业余时间【答案】свободноевремя4.下午【答案】втораяполовинадня5.现代化企业【答案】современноепредприятие6.地球卫星【答案】спутникЗемли7.在海边休息【答案】отдыхатьнаморе8.划船【答案】кататьсяналодке9.请柬【答案】приглашение10.(给谁)留下印象【答案】оставитьвпечатлениевком2.Составьтепредложенияизданныхслов.(20%)1.К,мы,прийти,новый,преподаватель,он,мы,сразу,понравиться.【答案】Кнампришёлновыйпреподаватель,оннамсразупонравился.2.Он,никогда,не,болеть,таккак,он,каждый,день,заниматься,спорт.【答案】Онникогданеболеет,таккаконкаждыйденьзанимаетсяспортом.3.Концерты,этот,артист,всегда,пользоваться,успех,у,слушатели.【答案】Концертыэтогоартиставсегдапользуютсяуспехомуслушателей.4.Мы,верить,в,светлый,будущее,наша,страна.【答案】Мыверимвсветлоебудущеенашистраны.5.Китайский,народ,с,древний,времена,известный(短尾),свой,трудолюбие.【答案】Китайскийнародсдревнихвремениизвестенсвоемутрудолюбию.6.Уже,пройти,десять,год,как,они,приехать,в,Шанхай.【答案】Ужепрошлодесятьлет,какониприехаливШанхай.7.В,новый,районы,город,люди,построить,много,жилой,дома.【答案】Вновыхрайонахгородалюдипостроилимногожилыхдомов.8.В,горы,воздух,гораздо,чистый(比较级),чем,в,город.【答案】Вгорахвоздухгораздочище,чемвгороде.9.Ребята,не,играть(命令式),вфутбол,в,двор,вы,я,мешать.【答案】Ребята,неиграйтевфутболвдворе,вымнемешаете.10.Каждый,утро,в,половина,седьмой,пекинский,радио,передавать,последний,известия.【答案】Каждоеутровполовинеседьмогопекинскоерадиопередаютпоследниеизвестия.3.Выберитеизчетырехвариантоводинподходящий.(20%)1.Ребенокзапрыгал_____радостипривиденовыхигрушек.[А]по[В]от[С]из[D]из-за【答案】B【解析】句意为：孩子在看到新玩具的时候高兴地跳了起来。
上海外国语大学考研自命题二外英语真题2010年
上海外国语大学2010年硕士研究生入学考试英语（自命题）试题（考试时间180分钟，满分100分，共9页）I.vocabulary and structure(30%)Dircetions:form the four choices given,choose ONE to complete the sentence.Section A:structure(15%,@1%)1.The anthor thanked all those who have helped to make this a better book than it______A.should beB.would have beenC.would beD.would otherwise have been2.He is_____than a busineddman.A.much a scholarB.a scholarC.more a scholarD.as a scholar3.She is one of those women who I am sure,always do____best both in their family and in their profession.A.herB.theirC.one’sD.the4._____the poem is to understad,the professor successfully made it understood by the students.A.As difficultB.Difficult asC.Though difficultD.Difficult5.I____live in Shanghai than in a remote village.A.would ratherB.preferC.like toD.had better6.The manager often has his staff____in the office after work.A.stayingB.to stayC.to be stayingD.stay7.I am now a freshman in university.By the year2015,I____for about two years.A.will workB.will be workingC.will have been workingD.have worked8.”I saw Mary in the library yesterday.”“You____her,she is still in her hometown and hasn’t been back to school yet.”A.can’t have toB.mustn’t have beenC.can’t seeD.mustn’t see9.The student listened carefully_____he might find out where the teacher put emphasis on.A.for fear thatB.in order thatC.in case thatD.provided that10.The photos taken by a digital camera are_____than those taken by a conventional camera.A.much clearerB.more clearerC.much more clearerD.much clear11.____we went swimming.A.Being a hot dayB.The day being outC.It was a hot dayD.To be a hot day12.If he dares not to fight against the cnemy,he is_____.A.not enough of a manB.not enough as a manC.not enough of manD.not a man enough13.TOEFL is a test for students____native langnage is not English.A.whoB.theirC.whichD.whose14.We saw a new film at the cinema._____we had supper at a restaurant.A.then whichB.after whichC.after thatD.in which15.The doctor sent hin to bed,saying he was much______.A.very illB.illC.too illD.ill enoughSection B.Vocabulary(15%,@1%)1.The travelers sought shelter_____the rain and happened to find a roadside inn.A.fromB.byC.forD.with2.The old patient can’t hope to____her cold in a few days.A.get awayB.get offC.get outD.get over3.After much negotiation we have____the tenns of the contract.A.agreedB.agreed onC.agreed toD.agreed with4.The actors have to_____before they appear in front of the strong lights on television.A.make upB.cover upC.paint upD.do up5.In most of the universities_____are required to take more courses than postgraduates.A.pupilsB.undergraduatesC.juniorsD.seniors6.The servant hit the vase with his cibow and it_____to the floor.A.smashedB.brokeC.konckedD.crashed7.My parents____me to come back home for the Christmas break or they would miss me very much.A.convincedB.suggestedC.advisedD.insisted8.The receptionist at the hotel told me that all rooms had been____.A.arrangedB.filled inedD.reserved9.It is_____knowledge in the class that William is the best student in every subject.monB.ordinaryC.normalual10.He spoke clearly and____and we could understand every world he said.A.distinctivelyB.disringuishableC.distinguishedD.distinctly11.Freshmen often find it difficult to____thenselves to new environment.A.adopt Badapt C.fit D.suit12.The manager never take previous working experience into____when he fixes the staff’s saiary.A.accountB.mindC.thoughtD.thinking13.The audience burst into____when the lecturer quoted a humorous story.ughughtersughingughter14.Having failed in the exam,the boy went home in____spirits.A.coldB.lowC.deepD.empty15.Mrs.Henry is so____about her dress that her husband often gets impatient.A.specialB.peculiarC.particularD.especialⅡCloze(20%,@1%)Directions;For each blank in the following passage,there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Read the passage and choose the best answer for each blank.Passage oneWhen I was about twelve.I suddenly developed a great passion__1__writeing poetty.I gave up all other hobbies,such as__2__stamps,and spent all my__3__time readying poetry and writing it. This habit of writing poetry on every possible__4__soon got me into trouble at school.If a lesson did not interest me,I would take out my notebook and atarted writeing poems in class.Of course I did this very__5__,but it was not long before I got caught.One day while I was busy writing a poem during a geography lesson I looked up to find the teacher standing beside me,fuming with anger because I was convinced that I had writen a good poem,so that evening I wrote it out again from memory.Not long after,I read about a poetry contest and I decided to send in my poem. Weeks later,ong after I had given up hope,I get a letter informing me I had won fiest__8__. Everyone at school was very impressed except the geography teacher,who__9__me more carefullythan ever.He was quite__10__that I was not going to write poetry in his lesson.1.A.for B.in C.on D.at2.A.arranging B.collecting C.gathering D.keeping3.A.additional B.extra C.other D.spare4.A.chance B.moment C.occasion D.time5.A.anxiously B.attentively C.eautiously D.silently6.A.calling B.devoting C.attracting D.paying7.A.warning B.notice C.word D.look8.A.position B.prize C.reward D.victory9.A.guarded B.inspected C.observed D.watched10.A.determined B.annoyed C.fixed D.assuredPassage twoTo others and themselves the Brithish have a requtation__11__being conservatiove-out in the__12__political sense,but in the sense of adherence to accepted ideas and unwilligness to question__13__.The reputation comes partly from their history.For900years they have suffered __14__invasion nor revolution nor disastrous defear in war.Their monarchy__15__without serious question.Under its nominal leadership the political arrangements have been__16__ stable that,except for the two interruptions in the seventeenth century,they have been adapted throughout the centuries to__17__chanding needs without violent changes.Britain,in1978,was __18__in managing without a written constitution;some fragmentary definitions of1688still survived.There had been bitter quarrels,social and economic as well as political,but the quarrels had been settled,usually__19__compromise.The__20__continuity had not been broken.11.A.of B.for C.in D.to12.A.limited B.restrieted C.narrow D.broad13.A.it B.them C.him D.her14.A.neither B.eirther C.nor D.both15.A.lives B.survives sts D.stands16.A.as B.very C.too D.so17.A.take B.make C.dentand D.meet18.A.unique B.only C.one D.single19.A.for B.as C.with D.by20.A.under B.lying C.underlying D.undergoingⅢ.Reading comprehension(30%,@2%)Directiong:In this part there are three passages.Each passages is followed by five questions.Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each question. Paaage oneThe econimic conditions that necessitate the construction of very high buildings on narrow lots first emerged as a decisive factor in New Yock City.Intensive land use,with the resulting speculative traffic in real estate was itself a consequence of more powerful and pervasive forces. Industrial expansion was the primary factory and in the period following the American Civil Was much of that expansion continned to be concentrated in New England and the Middle Atlantic atates.Financial institutions had long been located mainly in Boston,but the center was rapidly shifting to New York around the time of the War.A new pattern of close interdependence among industries demanded centralization of business administration.The leadership of New York Cityas an occan port,along with its proximity to major attract.once established.has never wanted even today.It is a primary administrative and banking center.The financial resouneces for the high bulidingd were there,the advelopment of safe elevator transportation and the organisztion of construction facilities soon made them a reality.1.Which of the following would be title for the passage?A.New Patterns of Transportation in the Middle Atlantic States.B.Buying Real Estate for Speculation in New English。
上海外国语研究生考试真题2001——03
上海外国语大学2001年攻读硕士学位研究生考试英语语言文学专业翻译试卷（三小时完成）1．Translate the following into English(50%)（注意“.”是代表“顿号”）（1）中国是世界上历史最悠久的国家之一。
中国各族人民共同创造了光辉灿烂的文化，具有光荣的革命传统。
（2）一八四零年以后，封建的中国逐渐变成半殖民地.半封建的国家。
中国人民为国家独立.民族解放和民族自由进行了前扑后继的英勇奋斗。
（3）二十世纪，中国发生了翻天覆地的伟大历史变革。
（4）一九一一年孙中山先生领导的辛亥革命，废除了封建帝制，创立了中华民国。
但是，中国人民反对帝国主义和封建主义的历史任务还没有完成。
（5）一九四九年，以毛泽东主席为领袖的中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在经历了长期的艰难曲折的武装斗争和其他形式的斗争以后，终于推倒了帝国主义.封建主义和官僚资本主义的统治，取得了新民主主义革命的伟大胜利，建立了中华人民共和国。
从此，中国人民掌握了国家的权利，成为国家的主人。
（6）中华人民共和国成立以后，我国社会逐步实现了由新民主主义到社会主义的过渡。
生产资料私有制的社会主义改造已经完成，人剥削人的制度已经消失，社会主义制度已经确立。
工人阶级领导的.以工农联盟为基础的人民民主专政，实质上即无产阶级专政，得到巩固和发展。
中国人民和中国人民解放军战胜了帝国主义.霸权主义的侵略.破坏和武装挑衅，维护了国家的独立和安全，增强了国防。
经济建设取得了重大的成就，独立的.比较完善的社会主义工业体系已经基本形成，农业生产显著提高。
教育.科学.文化等事业有了很大的发展，社会主义思想教育取得了明显的成就。
广大人民的生活有了较大的改善。
（7）中国新民主主义革命的胜利和社会主义事业的成就，都是中国共产党领导中国各族人民，在马克思列宁主义.毛泽东思想的指引下，坚持真理，修正错误，战胜许多艰难险阻而取得的。
今后国家的根本任务是集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设。
2001年对外经济贸易大学外语学院二外英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2001年对外经济贸易大学外语学院二外英语考研真题及详解Part One: Vocabulary and structureDirections: In each of the following sentences there is a blank. Below each sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Decide which one of the four choices is the most suitable for the blank and circle it. (30%)1. The doctor cured him _____ his strange disease.A. withB. ofC. fromD. off【答案】B【解析】句意：医生治好了他的怪病。
本题考查固定搭配，cure of意为“治愈”。
2. Investors seem to be losing _____ in the car industry.A. beliefB. confidenceC. trustD. reliance【答案】B【解析】句意：投资方好像对汽车行业逐渐失去了信心。
confidence信心。
belief相信；信仰。
trust信任，信赖。
reliance信赖。
3. In spite of the _____ hostility of his colleagues, he went ahead.A. introductoryB. preparatoryC. initialD. preliminary【答案】C【解析】句意：尽管同事最初对他抱有敌意，但他还是继续前进。
initial最初的。
introductory 引导的，介绍的。
preparatory预备的。
preliminary初步的。
4. He is not such a man _____ would have his work half done.A. whomB. whomC. thatD. as【答案】D【解析】句意：他不是一个在工作上半途而废的人。
二外英语2001试题+答案
二外英语2001试题+答案北京外国语大学北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试试题年硕士研究生入学考试试题考试科目考试科目：：二外英语二外英语I. Each problem in thin part consists of a sentence in which ore word or phrase has been underlined. From the four choices given. You should choose the one word or phrase which could be substituted for the underlined word or phrase without changing the meaning of the sentence. (20%). 1.It is impossible for parents to shield their children from every danger.(A).protect (C).relieve(B).conserve (D).free 2.The new contact lenses made the woman blink her eyes much more than usual.(A).stain and stretch (C).rub(B).open and close (D).shade 3.The man walked briskly to keep warm on the very cold night.(A).quickly (C).aimlessly(B).excitedly (D).steadily 4.The little boy had had a long day, he was feeling drowsy.(A).Lazy (C).exhausted(B).sleepy (D).sad 5.Since I have been ill, my appetite has diminished.(A).desire for exercise (C).desire for sleep(B).desire for visitors (D).desire for food 6.The night was so foggy that the murderer was easily able to escape his pursers.(A).misty (C).mild(B).moist (D).messy 7.I knew my father would discipline me for my actions.(A).reward (C).congratulate(B).reprove (D).punish 8.He was able to mend the cup and saucer.(A).wash (C).decorate(B).repair (D).mold 9.The girl took a ling hike on her first morning at camp .(A).horseback ride (C).bicycle ride(B).walk (D).swim 10.It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter.(A).sinful (C).absurd(B).tragic (D).unpardonable 11.The flowers will wither in a few hours.(A).blossom (C).open(B).dry up (D).revive 12.he was too old to keep up the pace for more than a few mils .(A).pretense (C).appearance(B).speed (D).practice 13.The candidate’s victory at the polls was overwhelming.(A).treachery (C).triumph(B).defeat (D).popularity14.By taking larger seams，it is a simple matter to alter the pattern to fit you(A).enlarge (C).shorten(B).change (D).design15.It is useless to attempt to flee from every danger, some risks must be taken.(A).hide oneself (C).protect oneself(B).run away (D).hesitate16.The noisy throng of teenagers jammed the hall to hear the rock concert.(A).parents (C).crowd(B).quartet (D).class17.That matter is so confidential that it must not be discussed outside this office(A).important (C).interesting(B).secret (D).alarming18.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was contaminated(A).polluted (C).diluted(B).tinted (D).diverted19.The last weeks before Christmas are usually hectic, as people rush to get last-minute gifts.(A).happy (C).exciting(B).very (D).very busy20.At the stockholder’s meeting, the company spokesperson gave the shareholders the gist of the annual report.(A).copy (C).full details(B).main idea (D).good newsII. There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part .For each sentence there here are four choices marked A).,B).,C).,and D)..Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.(20%).1.She apologized for ______to come on time.(A).her not being able (C).her being not able(B).her being able not (D).she’s not being able2. ______ here yesterday, they would have been shocked.(A).Had the visiting group been (C).having the visiting group been(B).If the visiting group was (D).If the visiting group being3.The young couple seldom eat out at weekend because they have ______money.(A).so little (C).so few(B).very little (D).very few4.The work un the field continued ______torrential rain.(A).instead of (C).despite of(B).in spite of (D).even with5.The old man can't hope to ______his cold in few days.(A).get away (C).get over(B).get off (D).get out6.I wonder ______(A).how much costs the clock (C).how much the clock costs(B).how much does the clock cost (D).how much is this clock cost7.He is one of those who will be most enthusiastic over a hobby for a while, and then ______it for something else.(A).refuse (C).decline(B).ruin (D).drop8. He spoke slowly and clearly in order to make himself ______.(A).understood (C).to be understood(B).understand (D).to understand9.None of the servants were ______when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message.(A).available (C).approachable(B).attainable (D).applicable10.He agrees to the proposal that the question ______to the vote.(A).is to be put (C).should put(B).will be put (D).be put11.A lot of people have tried , but ______have succeeded.(A).the few (C).few(B).a few (D).some12.Of the two watches , I prefer ______you showed us first.(A).that one (C).the one(B).the ones (D).those13.Fnmldy speaking, it is difficult for me to ______what he wrote.(A).make (C).make out(B).make for (D).make from14.Only when an enterprise profits ______increase.(A).can employees’ salaries and benefits(C).does employee’s salaries and benefits(B).employees’ salaries and benefits can(D).did employee’s salaries and benefits15.Both of you ______responsible for the accident(A).are (C).is(B).am (D).be16.She has such a bad cold that she lost all ______of smell.(A).sensitivity (C).sense(B).means (D).power17.Edison had only one suit ______very little money, and which he wore until it was thin.(A).which cost (c).that costs(B).which costs (D).which was cost18.Our sport team, ______, was good. Only one player didn't do so well.(A).as a whole (C).all in all(B).on the whole (D).ark-tall!9.Thirty people were expected, but only twenty-four ______(A).turned in (C).tuned over(B).turned out (D).turned up20.he was ______hurt ______ frightened .(A).much...and (C).more...than(B).so...and that (D).very...and thenIII. Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question from the four choices given. (20%).Men have traveled ever since they first appeared on the earth. In primitive times they did not travel for pleasure but to find new places where their herds could feed, or to escape from hostile neighbors, or to find more favorable climates. They traveled on foot. Their journeys were long, tiring, and often dangerous They protected themselves with simple weapons, such as widen sticks or stone club, and by lighting fires at night and above all, by keeping together.Being intelligent and creative, they soon discovered easier ways of traveling. They rode on the backs of their domesticated animals; they hollowed out tree trunks and, by using bits of wood as paddles, were able to travel moss water.Later they traveled, not from necessity, but for the joy and excitement of seeing and experiencing new things, This is still the main reason why we travel today.Traveling, of course, has now become a highly or organized business. There are cars and splendid roads, express trains, huge ships and jet airliners, all of which provide us with comforts and security. This sounds wonderful. But there are difficulties. If you want to go abroad, you need a passport and a visa, ticket, luggage, and a hundred and one other things, If you lose any of them, your journey may be ruined.As I am neither sociable nor adventurous, I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair. I like thinking of all those journeys that, despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make. I should like, for example, to have arrived in the world bystork. I should like to travel faster than time and have a look at the year A. D. 2050 or go back into the past and talk to famous men.I should also like to travel like a shell across ocean floors where I could explore the wrecks of ships and see curious fish that men have never seen.Although we shall never make journeys such as these, there are others that will soon be made which fifty years ago would have seemed impossible.Scientists have invented machines that can explore outer space. Eventually there will be cheap day excursions to the moon and honeymoons on Venus. People will be able to fly from one planet to another in nasty little arrow-shaped tubes I say “people” because I have no intention of being one of them.1.In primitive times men traveled(A).for joy(B).from necessity(C).to broaden the mind(D).to escape from the wild animals2. Which of these statements is NOT true, according to the reading passage. Their journeys were long, tiring and often dangerous, so(A).they had to arm themselves with wooden sticks.(B).they protected themselves with stone clubs.(C).they had to travel in groups.(D).they never traveled at night3. Later, they found it easier to travel because(A).they could travel by wagons.(B).they could ride on their tame animals and go across water in hollowed tree trunks.(C).the roads were splendid.(D).the climates were favourable.4.The author says “I prefer doing my traveling from an armchair.” This means(A).the author likes sitting in his armchair, dreaming of journeys which man can never make.(B).the author doesn't like traveling at all.(C).the author is a disabled man(D).the author will take his armchair with him wherever he travels.5.Traveling has now become a highly organized business(A).so we can travel anywhere without difficulty.(B).because we are provided with all kinds of convenient means for traveling.(C).because traveling organizations can be found in the countries the world over.(D).so travelers have increased rapidly.6.Which of the following journeys will man be able to make in the future?(A).flying to another planets(B).going back into the past(C).traveling faster than time to have a look at the year 2050.(D).a cheap day excursion to the sun7.The author is a man(A).who likes to make adventures(B).who isn't fond of keeping company with the others.(C).who prefers doing his traveling alone.(D).who is interested in exploring outer space8. ...despite his creativeness, man has never made and will never make those journeys.“despite his creativeness” means(A).since man is not so creative as he should be.(B).as man is not clever enough.(C).although man is creative(D).no matter how hard man works9....to escape from hostile neighbors...“hostile” means(A).talkative(B).hotheaded(C).enthusiastic(D).unfriendly10.Which of the following sentences is correct (Pay attention to the use of t he word “travel”).(A).what sort of a travel did they have?(B).did you have a good travel?(C).have you read “The Travels of Marco Polo”?(D).the travels that he made in the Arctic mc not his only claim to fame.F IV Fo o r each blank in the following passage,passage, choose the best answer from the choices given below .(20%).given below .(20%).An 80-year-old man from Cincinnati in America is making legal history by suingdoctors who saved his life .Edward winter has witnessed his wife's death from a 1 attack .The doctors had tried to restart her heart with an electric 2 with remarkable success, but leaving her brain 3 .Her death was a long and 4 experience which he did not want to go through himself. After she diedhe asked his doctor 5 to save him in 6 circumstances ,but instead to let him die 7 While out visiting in May 1988, Mr Winter 8 the heart attack which he so dreaded, and was rushed to StFrancis hospital in Cincinnati. The doctor who9 him wrote down on his chart that he was not to he10 but the duty nurse was not informed of Mr Winter’s 11 .The nurse took the usual 12 action and tried to revive him withan electric shock. His life was saved 13 the treatment was not completely successful. Since then he 14 stay in a nursing home, partially15 and barelyably to speak without weeping. Though there is 16 hope of improvement in his condition, doctors say he could 17 many more years. The hospital 18 hisstory,arguing that the injury suffered by Mr Winter is the19 of an act of God and they 20 him over $60,000 for saving his life.1.(A)heart (B)liver (C)brain (D)nerves2 (A)system (B)shock (C)device (D)operation3.(A)destroyed (B)disintegrated (C)dismembered(D)damaged4.(A)peaceful (B)unconscious (C)painful (D)harmless5.(A)not try (B)try (C)not to try (D)to try6.(A)similar (B)critical (C)serious (D)crucial7.(A)quickly (B)naturally (C)peacefully (D)comfortably8.(A)caught (B)suffered (C)passed (D)avoided9.(A)saw (B)knew (C)admitted (D)nursed10.(A)dead (B)neglected (C)alive (D)revived11.(A)condition (B)verdict (C)preference (D)wishes12.(A)emergency (B)urgency (C)crucial (D)immediacy13.(A)except (B)but (C)and (D)instead14.(A)had had to (B)had to (C)has had to (D)has to15.(A)paralyzed (B)anaethesized (C)intoxicated (D)crumped16.(A)little (B)much (C)some (D)such17.(A)struggle (B)survive (C)stay (D)endure18.(A)dislikes (B)proves (C)supports (D)disputes19.(A)subsequence (B)influence (C)punishment(D)consequence20.(A)donated (B)charged (C)lent (D)sparedV Tran V Trans s late the following paragraph into English(20%)late the following paragraph into English(20%) 书在我们的教育中起着至关重要的作用。
2001年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试试题及答案
2001年同等学历人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试试题Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear nine short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be read only once. Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A. At the office.B. In the waiting room.C. At the airport.D. In a restaurantSample [A] [B] [C] [D]From the conversation we know that the two speakers are talking about ordering food. This is most likely to have taken place in a restaurant. Therefore, D. In a restaurant is the best answer. You should choose D on the ANSWER SHEET and mark it with a single line through the center.1. A. To the park. B. Downtown.C. To the bar.D. To the show.2. A. Go and see Karen. B. Go to the art gallery.C. Tell Karen he's fine.D. Ask Karen for advice.3. A. The game has been put off. B. The game hasn’t’ started yet.C. She wants to know who is winning.D. The game is almost over now.4. A. At a hotel. B. In a tent.C. In a house.D. On a boat.5. A. 15 dollars. B. 4. dollars.C. 11 dollars.D. 26 dollars.6. A. Because it’s really effective B. Because it doesn’t work.C. Because it has harmful side effects.D. Because it only works temporarily.7. A. About three hours. B. Twenty or thirty minutes.C. Less than an hour and a half.D. Just under two hours.8. A. They are very expensive. B. They are very easy.C. They are given by a strict teacher.D. They are very rewarding.9. A. A shop assistant. B. Her neighbor.C. A policeman.D. Her colleague.Section BDirections:In this section, you will first hear a conversation and then a talk. At the end of the conversation and the talk, you will hear some questions. All of them will be read only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D by marking the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Questions 10 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.10. A. He has to finish writing a paper. B. He must talk with Professor Lawrence.C. He has to take a math test.D. He’s going to a conference.11. A. Science. B. History.C. Maths.D. Literature.12. A. Teach him how to write a poem. B. Help him with his maths.C. Walk with him to the library.D. Review the last exam with him. Questions 13 to 15 are based on the talk you have just heard.13. A. Two. B. Three C. Four D. Five.14. A. Make sure there are good locks on all the windows and doors.B. Talk to other people who rent apartments in the same building.C. Walk around the apartment for dangerous signs.D. Check the water and electricity to see if they are working.15. A. Read the lease carefully and sign it.B. Deposit some money in a bank.C. Sign the contract and pay a security deposit.D. Ask the landlord for a damage deposit.Part II Vocabulary (15 minutes, 15 points)Section ADirections: In this section there are fifteen sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. Choose the one from the four choices marked A, B, C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. The temperatures are somewhat lower than the average temperature in May this year.A. ratherB. veryC. a littleD. less17. He must not allow this unusual barrier to stop him from fighting against the enemy.A. interiorB. obstacleC. interruptionD. interference18. Next semester, Susan must take three compulsory courses.A. formalB. voluntaryC. practicalD. required19. Should either of these situations occur, wrong control actions might be taken and a potential accident sequence initiated.A. importedB. installedC. startedD. interviewed20. Now about half of the women who work in social welfare are part-time, as compared to 38% in the private sector.A. guaranteeB. farewellC. well-offD. well-being21. It is not clear whether the increase in reports is stemmed from greater human activity or is simply the result of more surveys.A. flowsB. comesC. derivesD. originates22. This is the sort of case in which judges must exercise the arbitrary power described a moment ago.A. availB. useC. haveD. display23. Recent studies have posed the question as to whether there is a link between film violence and real violence.A. supposedB. poisedC. arousedD. raised24. Floods have undermined the foundation of the ancient bridge.A. weakenedB. reachedC. spoiledD. covered25. A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.A. worriedB. neglectedC. reducedD. mentioned26. Some psychologists argue that the tra ditional idea “spare the rod and spoil the child” is not rational.A. helpfulB. kindC. sensibleD. effective27. Providing first-class service is one of the tactics the airline adopts to attract passengers.A. methodsB. attitudesC. thoughtsD. solutions28. Before you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.A. careerB. holidayC. planD. research29. The police are trying to get back the stolen statue.A. detainB. retrieveC. trackD. detect30. Because of adverse weather conditions, the travelers stopped to camp.A. localB. unfamiliarC. goodD. unfavorableSection BDirections:In this section there are fifteen incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.31. These last 22 years have really been amazing, every prediction we’ve made about improvements have all ______.A. come overB. come downC. come alongD. come true32. Anyone breaking the rules will be asked to leave ______.A. at the spotB. on the spotC. for the spotD. in the spot33. Mary succeeded in living ______ her extraordinary reputation.A. up toB. upC. downD. on34. Other guests at yesterday’s opening, which was broadcast ______ by the radio station, included the Governor and the Mayor.A. aliveB. liveC. livelyD. living35. The manager was told when he was ______ that his was a pressure job.A. appointedB. pointedC. assignedD. disappointed36. Her husband is interested in designing electronic ______.A. managementB. safetyC. devicesD. routine37. Gestures are an important means to ______ messages.A. conveyB. studyC. exploitD. keep38. ______ preparations were being made for the Prime Minister’s official visit to the four foreign countries.A. WiseB. ElaborateC. OptionalD. Neutral39. This local evening paper has a ______ of twenty-five thousand.A. numberB. contributionC. circulationD. celebration40. Susan loves chocolate so much that she can hardly resist its ______.A. sightB. brandC. varietyD. temptation41. On the local market, ______ fruits and vegetables are now commonly sold.A. exoticB. enoughC. limitedD. famous42. After a few months, the immigrants became ______ to the new environment.A. confidentB. sickC. happyD. accustomed43. If your ______ lively pets become passive, they might be ill.A. traditionallyB. rarelyC. normallyD. continually44. Speech is the ______ ability possessed only by human beings.A. uniqueB. averageC. collectiveD. single45. John seldom drinks coffee because he doesn’t ______ the taste.A. stand forB. care aboutC. cope withD. care forPart III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes, 25 points)Directions: There are five passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage 1Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their lifetime, and consider other "friends" to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to "compartmentalize" （划分）friendships, having "friends at work", "friends on the softball team", "family friends", etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans cansometimes seem brusque (无礼的) or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, theywil1ask you questions that you may feel are very persona1. No insult is intended; the questions usual1y grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American" in which you may be interested. So much so in fact that you may become tired of listening. It doesn’t matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.O n the other hand, don’t expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations l some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.46. The general topic of the passage is ______.A. American cultureB. American societyC. Americans' activitiesD. Americans' personality47. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A. Americans do not like to depend on other people.B. Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.C. Americans know a lot about international affairs.D. Americans always seem to be on the go.48. The phrase "highly charged" (paragraph 2) most probably means ______.A. extremely freeB. highly responsibleC. very cheerfulD. full of mobility and change49. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. Americans want to participate in all kinds of activitiesB. Americans' character is affected by their social and geographical environments.C. Americans do not know how to deal with silenceD. Curiosity is characteristic of Americans50. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because ______.A. they are not interested in other countriesB. they are too proud of themselvesC. their country does not have many neighboring nationsD. they are too busy to learn about other countriesPassage 2Want a glimpse of the future of health care? Take a look at the way the various networks of people involved in patient care are being connected to one another, and how this new connectivity is being exp1oited to deliver medicine to the patient -- no matter where he or she may be.Online doctors offering advice based on standardized symptoms are the most obvious example. Increasingly, however, remote diagnosis (telemedicine) will be based on realphysiological data from the actual patient. A group from the University of Kentucky has shown that by using an off--the-shelf (现成的) PDA (personal data assistance) such as a Palm Pilot plus a mobile phone, it is perfectly feasible to transmit a patient’s vital signs over the telephone. With this kind of equipment in a first-aid kit (急救包), the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house cou1d well be a thing of the past.Other medical technology groups are working on applying telemedicine to rural care. And at least one team wants to use telemedicine as a tool for disaster response —especially after earthquakes. Overall, the trend is towards providing global access to medical data and expertise.But there is one problem. Bandwidth is the limiting factor for transmitting complex medical images around the world —CT scans being one of the biggest bandwidth consumers. Communications satellites may be able to cope with the short-term needs during disasters such as earthquakes, wars or famines. But medicine is looking towards both the second-generation Internet and third-generation mobile phones for the future of distributed medical intelligence.Doctors have met to discuss computer-based tools for medical diagnosis, training and telemedicine. With the falling price of broadband communications, the new technologies should usher in（迎来）an era when telemedicine and the sharing of medical information, expert opinion and diagnosis are common.51. The basis of remote diagnosis will be ______.A. standardized symptoms of a patientB. personal data assistanceC. transmitted complex medical imagesD. real physiological data from a patient52. The sentence "the cry asking whether there was a doctor in the house could well bea thing of the past" means ______.A. now people probably would not ask if there is a doctor in the houseB. patients used to cry and ask if there was a doctor in the houseC. in the past people often cried and asked if there was a doctor in the houseD. patients are now still asking if there is a doctor in the house53. All the following statements are true EXCEPT that ______.A. it is now feasible to transmit a patient's vital signs over telephoneB. flood is not among the disasters mentioned in the passageC. the trend in applying telemedicine is toward providing global access to medical dataD. telemedicine is being used by many medical teams as a tool for disaster response54. The word "problem" in the fourth paragraph refers to the fact that ______.A. there are not enough mobile phones for distributing medical intelligenceB. CT scans are one of the biggest bandwidth consumersC. bandwidth is not adequate to transmit complex medical images around the worldD. communications satellites can only cope with the short-term needs during disasters55. A proper title for the passage may be ______.A. Improvement in CommunicationsB. The Online Doctor Is InC. Application of TelemedicineD. How to Make Remote DiagnosisPassage 3Pictures in the British papers this week of Prince William, Prince Charles's 18-year-old son, cleaning toilets overseas, have led to a surge of altruism (利他主义). RaleighInternational, the charity that organized his trip, has seen inquiries about voluntary work abroad rise by 30%. But the image of idealistic youth that William presents no longer reflects the reality of the volunteer force. It's getting older and older.Voluntary Service Overseas (VSO) has about 2000 volunteers in the field around the world. After a dip in interest in the mid-1990s, applications to work abroad are at record levels. Last year 7, 645 people submitted applications, and 920 successfully negotiated the VSO selection process and were sent abroad. When the organization was founded in l959, the average volunteer was in his early 20s. Now, the average age is 35, and set to rise further.Partly, that is because there are more older people who want to do VSO. More people take early retirement; more, says the chief executive of VSO, "still feel that they have more to give and are in good health". And the demands of the African and Asian countries where most of the volunteers go are changing, too. Their educational standards have risen over the past couple of decades, so they want people with more qualifications, skills and experience.BESO (British Executive Service Overseas) recruits executives and businessmen with at least 15 years’ experience for short-term contract work overseas. It organizes 500 placements (工作安置) a year, and at the moment supply is surpassing demand. A BESO spokesman said that the organization is "limited by funding rather than a lack of volunteers".Enthusiastic but unqualified students do not impress as much as they once did alongside accountants, managers and doctors. The typical volunteer, these days, hasbeen in full-time employment for at least five years and is highly qualified. And the profession which provides the biggest portion of volunteers is education—headmasters and school inspectors as well as classroom teachers.56. According to the passage, the volunteers ______.A. are getting older and olderB. are becoming fewerC. are inexperienced and unqualifiedD. are mostly students57. All the statements are true about Prince William EXCEPT that ______.A. his trip has triggered a surge of altruismB. his trip was organized by a government institutionC. he presents the image of idealistic youthD. he is not a representative volunteer in age58. From the second paragraph we can know that ______.A. the number of applications to work abroad declined in the mid-1990sB. the average volunteer now is not much older than forty years agoC. of those who have submitted applications a majority have been chosen and sent abroadD. there were more applications to work aboard in the early 1990s than in the late 1990s59. There are more older people who want to do VSO because ______.I. more people take early retirementII. more older people feel they are in good healthIII. the foreign countries where the volunteers go want people with more qualifications, skills and experienceA. II onlyB. I onlyC. I, II and IIID. I and II60. According to the last paragraph, the typical volunteer now may be ______.A. an enthusiastic but unqualified young studentB. a highly qualified headmaster or teacherC. an executive or businessman with at least 15 years’ experienceD. a well-experienced accountant, manager, or doctorPassage 4With only about 1 000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a TexasA&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark”.Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M’s C ollege of Veterinary Medicine and a pioneer in embryo（胚胎）transfer work and related procedures, said he salutes the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. It’s a worthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A&M —to save animals from extinction”.Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semens（精子）and DNA of endangered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should become extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to reintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2 000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles will become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are now trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,” Kraemer believes.“They will probably have to do several hu ndred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It takes a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth the effort,” adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, thefirst-ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very similar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face extinction. I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from what they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”61. The aim of “Noah’s Ark” Project is to ______.A. salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasB. implant embryo into a host animalC. introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbitD. save endangered animals from extinction62. How long will the Chinese panda-cloning project take according to the passage?A. 3 to 5 years.B. 1 year.C. 25 years.D. 2 years.63. The word “groundbreaking” (paragraph 7) can be interpreted as ______.A. pioneeringB. essentially newC. epoch-makingD. evolutionary64. What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Professor Kraemer?A. Lack of host animals.B. Lack of available panda eggs.C. Lack of funds.D. Lack of qualified researchers.65. The best title for the passage may be ______.A. China’s Efforts to Clone PandasB. China—the Native Place of Pandas ForeverC. Exploring the Possibility to Clone PandasD. China’s First Cloned PandaPassage 5If there is one thing scientists have to hear, it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery, they recoil（畏缩）from the suggestion thatmost of the best thi ngs have already been located. If they have, today’s scientists can hope to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week, The End of Science, argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author, John Horgan, is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine, who has interviewed many of today’s leading scientists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him, he says, when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation (谴责) in the United States last year. “The reaction has been one of complete shock and disbelief,” Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems, of which there are plenty, lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not, then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960s —the genetic code, plate tectonics (板块构造说), and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang —genuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive, spending more money on research, that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made before the appearance of state sponsorship, when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than today’s? That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns. “Look, don’t get me wrong,” says Mr.Horgan. “There are lots of important things still to study, and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer, and for mental disease, though there are few real signs of progress.”66. The sentence “most of the best things have already been located” could mean______.A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered67. John Horgan ______.I. has published a book entitled The End of ScienceII. has been working as an editor of Scientific AmericanIII. has been working many years as a literary criticIV. is working as a science writerA. I and IIB. I onlyC. I and IVD. I, II and IV68. There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because ______.A. there have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. today’s scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past69. The term “the Big Bang” probably refers to ______.A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and the power of atomic energy70. The best title of this passage can be ______.A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The State Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes ScarcePart IV Cloze (15 minutes, 10 points)Directions: In this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter on your ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.There is virtually no limit to how one can serve community interests, from spending a few hours a week with some charitable organization to practically fulltime work for a social agency. Just as there are opportunities for voluntary service 71 (VSO) for young people before they take up full-time employment, 72 there are opportunities for overseas service for 73 technicians in developing countries. Somepeople, 74 those who retire early, 75 their technical and business skills in countries 76 there is a special need.So in considering voluntary or 77 community service there are more opportunities than there 78 were when one first began work. Most voluntaryorganizations have only a small fulltime 79 , and depend very much on volunteers and part-timers. This means that working relationships are different from those in commercial organizations, and values may be different. 80 some ways they may seem more casual and less efficient, but one should not 81 them by commercial criteria. The people who work with them do so for different reasons and withdifferent 82 , both personal and 83 . One should not join them 84 to arm them with professional expertise; they must be joined with commitment to the 85 , not business efficiency. Because salaries are 86 or non-existent many voluntary bodies offer modest expenses. But many retired people take part in community servicefor 87 , simply because they enjoy the work.Many community activities possible 88 retirement were also possible during one’s working life but they are to be undertaken 89 seriously for that. Retired people who are just looking for something different or unusual to do should notconsider 90 community service.71. A. oversea B. over sea C. over seas D. overseas72. A. as B. so C. then D. that73. A. quantity B. qualifying C. quality D. qualified74. A. partially B. partly C. particularly D. passionately75. A. order B. operate C. offer D. occupy76. A. which B. where C. as D. that77. A. paying B. paid C. to be paid D. pay78. A. before B. lately C. never D. ever。