2019英语四级语法精讲:原因状语从句
大学英语语法精讲【重点、考点全涵盖】
语法部分
第一讲虚拟语气
I. 考点分析:
虚拟语气是动词的特殊形式,用来表达说话人的意愿、建议、请求、意图、惊奇、设想等未能或不可能成为事实的情况,以及在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况。
虚拟语气是非常重要的语法考点。考察历届四级试题,我们发现与虚拟语气有关的考题每次至少2题,有时甚至3-4题。虚拟语气的考查要点有:
1. 虚拟语气的形式:分清虚拟时间和主句、从句所使用的动词形式十分重要,因此我
2. 要注意从句中第一/三人称的过去式was用were代替。
例如:If I were invited, I would come.
If she were not ill, she could do a lot of things.
3. if条件句中如谓语动词是were, had, should, could时,可以省略if, 把它们前置。
例如:Had my father a lot of money, he would send me abroad.
Could I do it, I would surely do it.
Should the Black Death reappear, what should we do?(万一黑死病再次出现,我们该怎么办?)
4. 错综时间的条件句是难点,如99年1月第60题: If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you wouldn’t be smiling now.(从句用过去完成时,主句用现在进行时)
英语四级语法总结
四级语法总结
一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表:
1.主动形式
2.被动形式
❖时间状语从句当中的时态:
一般过去时所有的过去
用一般现在时表示现在和将来
现在完成时现在完成和将来完成
一.非谓语动词
一.不定式:
一)不定式的常考形式:
1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生
2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实)
2019年12月英语四级高级语法讲解:状语从句之地点状语
2019年12月英语四级高级语法讲解:状语从句之地
点状语
状语从句
状语从句:两个独立的句子中间用一些含义不同的连接词连接;
状语从句用来表达两个句子之间的逻辑关系;分成原因状语、条件状语、结果状语、时间状语、地点状语、让步状语、目的状语、比较状语、
方式状语等九大类型;
eg:I got up late.
I was late for school.
Because I got up late, I was late for school. (原因状语
从句)
I got up late,so I was late for school. (结果状语从句)
1. 地点状语:
地点状语从句通常由where, wherever,everywhere 引导;
eg:Where I live there are plenty of trees.
Wherever you work, you will gain much valuable
experience as long as you are willing to work.
Wherever=no matter where
Everywhere they went, they were warmly received.
Where there is a will, there is a way.
where:不能翻译成在……地方时,通常翻译为假如,表示在……条件下;
eg: Where you are confident,you will succeed.
eg:Where previously the bank had concentrated on the
2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法讲义
2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法(夏伟)2019年12月大学英语四六级抢分班语法讲义
第一章基本语法体系1.1.简单句
1.2.___________/__________
1.3.时态/助动词1.4.从句由来
1.5.尾重原则1.6.名词+v-ed
第二章从句
附录:
一.连词
1并列连词
and和;并且;因此or或;否则but但是;而是yet但是
nor也不so也是;因此while虽然;然而whereas虽然;然而
2定语从句连词
代词性连词who(whom);which;that;as;than
副词性连词when;where;why;whereby(=by which)
形容词性连词whose
3状语从句连词
时间when;while;as;whenever;since;as soon as;once
地点where;wherever
条件if;unless;as long as;in case;on condition
结果so…that…;such…that…
目的so that;in order that;lest;for fear
原因as;because;now that;seeing(that);since
让步whether…or…;notwithstanding;though;for all that…;however
4名词性从句连词
主语/宾语从句
代词性连词what;which;who/whom/whose;whatever;whichever;whoever/whomever
副词性连词when;where;why;how
原因状语从句的用法
原因状语从句的用法
以下是一些常见的原因状语从句的用法:
1.引导词为"因为":用于直接陈述原因,句子结构为主句+引导词+从句。例如:"因为下雨,所以我没有去打篮球"。
2.引导词为"由于":表示客观、普遍的原因,句子结构为主句+引导词+从句。例如:"由于天黑了,所以我们决定回家"。
3.引导词为"既然":表示已有的条件或事实,从而引出后面的推理或结果。例如:"既然你不喜欢吃辣,那我们就不加辣椒了"。
4.引导词为"这是因为"、"原因是"、"是因为"等:用于特定场合的原因陈述,句子结构为主句+引导词+从句。例如:"这是因为他犯了一个错误,所以被解雇了"。
需要注意的是,原因状语从句通常放在主句之前,但也可以根据需要放在主句之后。此外,原因状语从句与结果状语从句之间要有逻辑上的一致性,即原因状语从句和结果状语从句的动作、情况或事实要相符。
+四级重点语法及句式
重点语法及句式
1虚拟语气
英语中一共有三种语气:陈述语气,祈使语气,虚拟语气。虚拟语气是一种特殊的谓语动词形式,是讲话人在主观上而不是客观上对事物的看法和态度,表达的是假设、愿望、建议、命令、祝福等。虚拟语气可用于条件状语从句、名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)、以及其他结构中。虚拟语气的运用很大程度上和其所在的句型有关。
1) 虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
英语中的条件句主要有两类:真实条件句和虚拟条件句。在虚拟条件句中,主句与从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气,具体体现在以下几个方面:
(1) If虚拟条件句
这是虚拟语气的基本用法。If虚拟条件句中,主句与从句的谓语动词形式可列表如下:
①
If he were here, everything would be all right.
②与过去事实相反
If the United States had not entered the Second World War,probably the 1940 unemployment rate of 14%would have risen still further.
③与将来事实相反
It is said Tom will go to an interview tomorrow. If he were to come tomorrow, I would ask him to go to your place.
If he were here this evening, he might be able to help.
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句(8)
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句(8)
大学英语四级考试涉及的语法知识点多、涉及面宽,对不少考生来说都是一个难题。希望通过本专题的学习,考生能对四级语法有更全面的掌握!
8. 让步状语从句
常见的连接词有though,although,as,while,even though。
区分though,although,as
eg:Although/though he is a child, he can live by himself.
as 表示虽然的时候,要进行倒装;
Child as/though he is , he can live by himself.
eg:Although/though she works very hard ,she makes very little
progress.
Hard as she works, she makes very little progress.
Although/though she is young, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .
Young as she is, she has travelled to many countries to put shows .
while:连接两个句子,表示虽然,但是;
eg:He is experienced while he is young.
真题例句:
1.The anti-virus agent was not known __________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句省略
英语四级语法精讲——状语从句省略
状语从句省略
1、主句和从句的主语保持一致,称为分词作状语。
(1)条件:状语从句,前后主语一致
(2)形式:分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后
(3)省略方式:关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(-ing/-ed)
在状语从句中,若前后主从句主语一致,则省略从句的主语,将后面的动词发生形式上的变化,主动语态变成ing形式,若是被动语态,则变为ed 形式。
2、若前后主语不一致,则称作独立主格结构。
一、用作时间状语
1. 典型例句
When [As soon as] the mouse saw the cat, it ran off.
Seeing the cat, the mouse ran off. 见到猫,老鼠就跑了。
真题示例:When _______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (2006浙江卷)
A. Compared
B. being compared
C. comparing
D. having compared
二、用作原因状语
1. 典型例句
As she was very weak, she couldn’t move.
Because she was much discouraged, she moved on to London.
(1) ______ with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time. (2006四川卷)
英语专业四级考试英语状语从句
英语专业四级考试英语状语从句
Understanding the use of adverbial clauses in English can significantly enhance one's ability to express complex ideas clearly and effectively. These clauses, which provide information about the main clause in a sentence, are essential for conveying time, place, condition, contrast, and cause among other relationships.
When we discuss time, adverbial clauses can pinpoint an action's specific timing. For instance, "She was taking notes as the professor spoke," illustrates simultaneous actions. Conversely, "After the meeting concluded, they summarized the key points," indicates a sequence of events.
Place is another relationship expressed through adverbial clauses, as seen in "Wherever there is light, photosynthesis can occur," suggesting that the process is not confined to a single location.
2019年英语四级语法知识点:时间状语从句
2019年英语四级语法知识点:时间状语从句
时间状语从句主要由以下连词引导:when, whenever, as, while, since, until, till, before, after, as soon as, once, hardly (scarcely) … when, no sooner … than。
I will discuss the matter with you when we meet tomorrow.
He didn’t go to sleep until he finished doing his homework. You have changed a lot since we met last time.
时间状语从句还可由某些可充当连词的名词(the moment, the instant, every time,等)和副词(instantly, directly等)引导:
I will tell you the news the instant I know.
Directly the teacher came in everyone was quiet.
Note:
① before除了可表示“在…之前”外,还可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很长或花费的力量相比较大,可译为“…才”。(“not … before” 可用来强调主句所表达的时间、距离很短或花费的力量相比较小,可译为“…就”)。
It was a long time before I got to sleep again.
原因状语从句的用法
原因状语从句的用法
原因状语从句是一种从属于主句的从句,用来说明引起某种结果或情况的原因。它通常由连词"因为"、"由于"、"由此"、"所以"、"由"等引导。原因状语从句通常放在句首,但也可以放在句中或句尾。它与主句之间有一定的逻辑关系,形成一个因果关系。
例如:
1.由于下雨,我们取消了郊游计划。
2.我们错过了火车,因为交通拥堵。
3.他没有收到邀请,所以没有参加派对。
原因状语从句可以用来解释、说明一些事件、情况的原因,帮助听话方更好地理解上下文的关系。它可以用于口语交流、写作、新闻报道等场合中。
除了常用的"因为"、"由于"、"所以"等连词,还有一些其他的连词和短语也可以用于引导原因状语从句,例如:"既然"、"既是...也
是..."、"出于"、"由此可见"等。这些连词和短语在句子中的位置和语态可能有所变化,但作用都是引导原因状语从句。
要特别注意的是,原因状语从句使用的时态应根据主句的时态和语境来确定。如果主句是过去时,则原因状语从句多使用过去时。如果主句是现在时,则原因状语从句可以使用现在时,过去时或可能将来时,视具体情况而定。
总的来说,原因状语从句的用法很灵活,可以在句子中起到连接主句与状语从句的作用,并帮助读者或听众更好地理解句子的含义和逻辑关系。
英语四级语法总结(全)
英语四级语法总结(全)
一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表:
1.主动形式
2.被动形式
❖CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
❖时间状语从句当中的时态:
一般过去时所有的过去
用一般现在时表示现在和将来
现在完成时现在完成和将来完成
一.非谓语动词
一.不定式:
一)不定式的常考形式:
1)一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do.
语法功能:表示与谓语动词同步发生
2)完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
语法功能:表示发生在谓语动词之前
二)不定式常考的考点:
1)不定式做定语----将要发生
2)不定式做状语----目的
3)不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe.
三)不定式的省略
1)感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel
+ do 表示动作的完整性,真实性;
+ doing表示动作的连续性,进行性
I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
英语四级翻译考试真题分析语法篇:状语从句
(六)状语从句
1. Some psychologists claim that people (出门在外可能会感到孤独)(06.12)
might feel lonely when they are far from home
2. please come here at ten tomorrow morning (如果你⽅便的话)
if it’s convenient for you
3. Leaving one’s job, (不管是什么⼯作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(08.6) no matter what job is
4. I am going to pursue this course, (⽆论我要作出什么样的牺牲)(07.12)
no matter what kind of sacrifice I had to make
强化练习:
1. (不管发⽣什么事情),he would not mind.
No matter what happened(状语从句),可以⽤whatever happened替换
2、 so/as long as he keeps on trying.
考点:本题考查 so/as long as(只要)引导的条件状语从句。
3、 Though we have made great progress (虽然我们已经取得很⼤进步), we still have a long way to go.
四级英语语法归纳总结
四级英语语法归纳总结
以下是四级英语语法的归纳总结,包括动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句、虚拟语气、倒装句、强调句等语法点,以及一些常见的语法错误和避免方法。
一、动词时态和语态
1. 常见时态包括现在时、过去时、将来时和完成时。
2. 被动语态使用be动词加动词的过去分词形式。
二、非谓语动词
1. 不定式:to do,表示目的或将来。
2. 动名词:doing,表示抽象或一般意义。
3. 分词:现在分词doing表示进行或主动,过去分词done表示完成或被动。
三、名词性从句
1. 主语从句:由that、whether等连接词引导。
2. 宾语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导。
3. 表语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导。
4. 同位语从句:由that、whether、who等连接词引导,修饰名词。
四、定语从句
1. 由that、which、who等连接词引导,修饰名词或代词。
2. 从句在主句中作定语,修饰名词或代词。
3. 从句可以省略主语和be动词。
五、状语从句
1. 时间状语从句:由when、before、after等连接词引导。
2. 条件状语从句:由if、unless等连接词引导。
3. 原因状语从句:由because、as等连接词引导。
4. 让步状语从句:由though、however等连接词引导。
5. 比较状语从句:由than、as...as等连接词引导。
6. 结果状语从句:由so...that等连接词引导。
7. 方式状语从句:由as if、as though等连接词引导。
英语四级语法总结
四级语法讲义 一:时态:所谓的"时态",就是时间+状态。谓语动词的时态见下表:
1.主动形式 过去 现在 将来
过去将来 2.被动形式
过去 现在 将来 过去将来 CET-4 常考的三种时态:过去完成时;将来完成时;(现在/过去)完成进行时。
时间状语从句当中的时态:
一般过去时 所有的过去
用 一般现在时 表示 现在和将来
现在完成时 现在完成和将来完成
一.非谓语动词
一.不定式:
一)不定式的常考形式:
1) 一般形式:He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others.
被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能: 表示与谓语动词同步发生
2) 完成形式:He pretended not to have seen me.
被动形式:The book is said to have been translated into many languages.
一般
did do will/shall do should/would do 进行
was/were doing am/is/are doing will/shall be doing /
完成 had done have/has done will/shall have done should/would have done 用于虚拟语气 完成进行 had been
doing
have/has been doing / / 一般
英语专业四级语法汇总
语法回顾篇
专四语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as 的特殊用法。
专四英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气
一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)
考点1. 与现在事实相反
从句谓语动词用did(be用were),
主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;
考点2. 与过去事实相反
从句谓语动词用had done,
主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done;
例如:
43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.
A. would enjoy
B. will have enjoyed
C. would have enjoyed
D. will be enjoying
49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.
A. weren‟t
B. hasn‟t been
C. hadn‟t been
D. wouldn‟t
考点3.与将来事实相反,
从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do),
主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。
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2019英语四级语法精讲:原因状语从句
原因状语从句
连接词:because,since,as,for,now that,in that,owing to,due to,thanks to,because of,as a result of;
比较:because,since,as和for
1)because语势,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2)由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则能够用for 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能
用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
now that :既然;
in that :因为,通常只能放在句中,强调重要的,的的原因;
eg:Now that this semester is finished, I am going to rest a few days and take a trip.
Human beings are different from animals in that human can speak and think.
owing to, due to, thanks to, because of , as a result of等短
语后面只能接词或短语,不能接从句。