安全事故根源分析图中英文
事故根源综合分析表
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8-6
可 能 的 系 统 原 因 POSSIBLE SYSTEM CAUSES 人 为 因 素 PERSONAL FACTORS
1. 1-1 1-2 体力 Physical Capability 视力低下 Vision deficiency 听力低下 Hearing deficiency 1-3 其它感官缺陷 Other sensory deficiency 1-4 肺活量下降 Reduced respiratory capacity 1-5 其它永久性身体残疾 Other permanent physical disabilities 1-6 暂时残疾 Temporary disabilities 1-7 无力支撑身体姿势 Inability to sustain body positions 1-8 身体活动范围受限 Restricted range of body movement 1-9 物质过敏症 Substance sensitivities or allergies 1-10 身高不够或体力不足 Inadequate size or strength 1-11 由于药物疗法造成能力 下降 Diminished capacity due to medication 1-12 其它因素 Other o 不适用 Not Applicable 2. 2-1 2-2 身体状况 Physical Condition 原先受伤或得病 Previous injury or illness 疲劳 Fatigue •由于工作量 due to workload •由于缺乏休息 due to lack of rest •由于感官超载 due to sensory overload 操作能力降低 Diminished performance •由于温度极限 due to tempe
事故发生的根源分析(英文版)(ppt 50页)
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– Every Imerys employee is a valuable asset.
每个Imerys的员工都是公司的重要财富
Getting hurt is not generally a conscious decision...
Why Investigate Incidents and Near misses? 为什么要调查事故和未遂事件?
But we can pick where we focus…
但是我们能选择努力 的方向。
1 FATAL 身亡
30 DISABLING 残疾
(Severe 重伤)
300 MEDICAL 疗伤
受伤都是意外的,不是自觉的…
...Working Safely Is!
但工作安全是可以自觉控制的!
Why Investigate Incidents and Near misses? 为什么要调查事故和未遂事件?
Because we don’t get to pick where we land…
• 5 minutes 5分钟时间
Responsibility 职责
• Ensure employees understand what an accident is. 确保员工明白什么是事故。
• Ensure that all associates understand why they must report accidents. 确保所有人员理解为什么一定要报告事故。
During the Interview 面谈过程中
• Phrases to remember 记住适用下列用语
事故根源综合分析表(中英文)
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••Collect Evidence 收集证据•••People, Parts, Positions and Paper 人证、物证、位置和文件•••Preserve Evidence 保护证据•可能的直接原因 Possible immediate causes123456工具、设备及车辆 Tools,Equipment & Venires781-12-13-14-15-16-1设备有缺陷 Defective equipment 7-18-11-22-23-24-25-26-2设备不足 Inadequate equipment 7-28-21-32-33-34-35-36-3设备准备不够 Improperly prepared 7-38-31-42-43-44-45-46-4工具缺陷 Defective tools 7-48-41-52-53-54-55-56-5工具欠妥 inadequate tools7-58-51-62-63-64-65-66-6工具准备不妥 Improperly prepared tools 7-61-72-73-74-75-76-7车辆有缺陷 Defective Vehicle7-71-82-83-84-85-86-8车型和用途不符 Inadequate vehicle for the purpose7-81-93-94-95-96-9车辆准备欠妥 Improperly prepared vehicle 7-91-105-106-10其它因素 Others7-101-117-118-67-12可能的系统原因 Possible system causes1体力 Physical Capability 2身体状况 Physical condition 3精神状态 Mental State4精神压力 Mental Stress5行为 Behavior6技术水平 Skill Level7训练/知识转换 Training/ Knowledge transfer 8管理/监督/员工的领导关系Management/ supervision/ Employee 9承包商的选择和审查contractor selection & oversight 10工程/设计Engineering/ Design 11工作计划 Work Planning12采购、材料处理及材料控制Purchasing, Material handing & Material 13工具和设备 Tools & Equipment 14工作规程/政策/标准/程序(PSP ) Work Rules/ Policies /Standards /Procedures(PSP)15沟通 Communication 1-1视力低下 Vision deficiency 2-1原先受伤或得病Previous injury or illness3-1判断力差 Poor judgment 4-1全神贯注于别的问题Preoccupation with problems5-1不合格的操作近观到奖赏Improper performance is rewarded6-1对所需求技术没有充分评估 Inadequate assessment ofrequired skills 7-1没有进行充分的知识转换 inadequate knowledge transfer8-1角色和职责冲突 Conflicting roles/responsibilities9-1承包商未进行资格预审 Lack of contractor pre-qualifications 10-1技术设计欠妥 inadequate technical design11-1工作计划欠妥 Inadequate work planning12-1收货项目与订购项目不符 Incorrect item received13-1需求和风险评估欠妥 Inadequate assessment of needs and risks14-1执行任务缺乏PSP Lack of PSP for the task15-1在同伴间水平沟通不完善 Inadequate horizontal communication between peers 1-2听力低下 Hearing deficiency 2-2疲劳 Fatigue3-2记忆力丧失 Memory failure 4-2受到挫折 Frustration •节省时间努力 saves time or effort 6-2缺乏技术实践 Inadequatepractice of skill•不能领会 inability to comprehend •报告关系不明确 unclear reporting relation ship9-2承包商资格预审欠妥 inadequate contractor per-qualifications •设计输入陈旧 design input obsolete 11-2预防性保养欠妥 Inadequate preventive maintenance•给供应商的规范不正确 Inadequate specification to vendor13-2人的因素及人机控制考虑欠缺 Inadequate human factors/ ergonomics considerations •缺乏PSP 的详细职责 lack of defined responsibility for PSP15-2上下级间垂直沟通不完善 Inadequate vertical communication between supervisor and person 1-3基它感觉缺陷 Other Sensory Deficiency•由于工作量 Due to workload 3-3协调不好或反应时间长 Poor coordination or reaction time 4-3对工作方向及要求模糊不清 Contusing Directions /demands•避免不便 avoids discomfort 6-3不经常操作的技术Infrequent performance of skill•导师资格欠缺 inadequate instructor qualifications•报告关系矛盾 conflicting reporting relation ship9-3承包商选用欠妥 inadequate contractor selection•设计输入不正确 design input not correct•维护需求评估 assessment of needs •订购书上的规范不明确 inadequate specification on requisition13-3标准和堆满不合适 Inadequate standards or specifications•缺乏作业安全分析 lack of job safety analysis 15-3不同机构间沟通不完善 Inadequatecommunication between different organizations 1-4肺活量下降 Reduced Respiratory Capacity •由于缺乏休息 due to lack of rest3-4情绪干扰 Emotional disturbance 4-4目标或要求相冲突Conflicting directions •哗众取宠 gains attention 6-4缺乏技术指导 Lack ofcoaching on skill •培训设备不够 Inadequate training equipment•职责分配不清 unclear assignment of responsibility9-4雇用未经审核批准的承包商use of non-approved contractor•设计输入不可用 design input not available•润滑/维修 lubrication/ servicing •对订单修改控制不当 inadequate control on changes to orders13-4不适当的可用性 Inadequate availability •作业安全分析不当 inadequate job safety analysis 15-4工作组之间沟通不完善 Inadequate communication between work groups 1-5其它良久性身体残疾 Other Permanent Physical disabilities •由于感官超载 due to sensory overload3-5恐惧 Fears or phobias 4-5无意义的或品味低的活动 Meaningless or degrading activities 5-2没有适当的监督示范improper supervisory example6-5没有充分温习训练以巩固技术 Instruction to establishskill•误解指令说明 misunderstood instructions •职责分配矛盾 conflicting assignment of responsibility9-5无工程监管 Lack of job oversight•设计输入不妥 design output inadequate•调整/装配 adjustment/ assembly•供应商未经批准擅自更换替代品unauthorized substitution13-5调节、修理、保养欠妥 Inadequate adjustment/ repair /maintenance 14-2PSP 工作展开不力 Inadequate development of PSP15-5班组之间沟通不完善 Inadequate communication between shifts1-6暂时残疾 Temporary disabilities2-3操作能力降低 Diminished performance3-6缺乏机械知识 Low mechanical aptitude 4-6情绪超负荷 Emotional overload5-3对关键的安全行为没有充分的认识 inadequate identification of critical safe6-6其它因素 Other7-2不能充分回想起训练内容 inadequate recall of training material•授权不清或不妥 improper or insufficient delegation of authority9-6工程监管欠妥 inadequate oversight•设计输入不可行 design input infeasible•清洁/涂层 deaning/ resurfacing •产品验收不完善 inadequate product acceptance requirements13-6废旧物品和再次利用物资处理不妥Inadequate salvage and reclamation•程序和设备设计不相一致 inadequate coordination with process /equipment design 15-6沟通方法不完善 inadequate communication methods1-7无力支撑身体姿势 Inability to sustain body positions •由于温度极限 due to temperature extremes 3-7理解能力差 Low learning aptitude 4-7过渡的评价/决定要求Extreme judgment/ decision demands5-4没有充分强调养分的安全行为 inadequate rein for cement critical safe behaviors □不适用 Not Applicable•缺乏强化培训 Training not reinforced on the job8-2不适宜的领导关系 Inadequate lead ship9-7其它因素 Other •设计输出不清 design output nuclear11-3维护性保养欠缺 Inadequate repair•未进行产品验收 no acceptance verification performance 13-7不合适部件白拆卸和更换欠妥 Inadequateremoval/ replacement of unsuitable items •员工参与PSP 制定安排不当 Inadequate employee involvement in the development 15-7沟通手段缺乏 No communication method available1-8身体活动范围受限 Restricted range of body movement •由于缺氧 due to oxygen deficiency3-8受药物影响 Infected by medication 4-8过度的精力集中 Extremeconcentration /perceptiondemands•正确的行为被指责 proper performance is criticized•缺乏再培训 inadequate refresher training frequency•业绩标准缺乏或力度不够 standards of performance missing or not enforced □不适用 Not Applicable •设计输出不正确 design output not correct•维修需求信息沟通 communication of needed repair12-2对材料和研究不足 Inadequate research onmaterials/ equipment13-8无记录档案 No equipment record history•纠正行为的详细说明不充分 inadequate definition of corrective action format for easy use 15-8指令不准确 Incorrect instructions1-9物质过敏症 Substance sensitivities or allergies •由于大气压变化 due to atmospheric pressure variation 3-9其它因素 Other 4-9极度的乏味 Extreme boredom •同事的不当压力inappropriate peer pressure7-3培训工作欠缺 Inadequate training effort•职责和底图不明 inadequate accountability•设计输出不一致 design output inconsistent•工作计划安排 scheduling of work 12-3产品运输方式线路欠妥 Inadequate mode or route of shipment13-9设备记录档案不完备 Inadequate equipment record history14-3由于内容不完善,PSP 执行不力 Inadequate implementation of PSP, due to deficiencies 15-9工作更换没有很好沟通 Inadequatecommunication due to job turnover1-10身高不够或体力不足Inadequate size or strength2-4血糖降低 Blood sugar insufficiency□不适用 Not Applicable4-10其它因素 Other •不适当的表现反馈inadequate performance feedback培训计划设计不当 inadequate training program design•执行情况反馈不够或错误 inadequate or incorrect performance feedback •没有独立的设计审查 no independent design review•部件检查 examination of parts12-4材料处理欠妥 Improper handling of materials13-10其它因素 Other •自相矛盾的要求 contradictory requirements 15-10安全和健康保护资料、规章制度或指导准则没有很好沟通 Inadequate communication ofsafety and health data, regulations or guidelines 1-11由于药物疗法造成能力下降Diminished capacity due tomedication 2-5由于使用药物或酒精而使能力削弱 Impairment due to drugor alcohol use □不适用 Not Applicable•不适当的纪律处置inadequate disciplinary process•培训目标不明确 inadequate training goats/ objectives•缺少现场走访 inadequate work site walk-through10-2所采用标准、规范和设计指导思想欠妥 inadequate standards,specifications, and /or design criteria •部件更换 parts substitution12-5材料或零件保管不妥 Improper storage of materials or spare parts□不适用 Not Applicable•混乱含糊的格式 confusing format 15-11没有使用标准术语 Standard terminology not used1-12其它因素 Other 2-6其它因素 Other 5-5过分的急功好进Inappropriate aggression•对新员工缺乏教育 inadequate new employee orientation•安全推广不力 inadequate safety promotion10-3潜在问题估计不足 inadequate assessment of potential failure 11-4过度磨损和撕裂 Excessive wear and tear12-6材料包装不妥 Inadequate material packaging•每一步超过一个行为 more than one action per step15-12没有使用查证和重复技术 Verification /repeat back techniques not used □不适用 Not Applicable□不适用 Not Applicable5-6使用不适当的方法刺激生产 Improper use of productionincentives•初始培训不妥 inadequate initial training 8-3工地和工作中隐患(危险)整改不力inadequate correction of prior hazard/incident10-4人机工程学设计欠妥 inadequate ergonomic design•使用计划不当 inadequate planning for use 12-7材料存放超期 material shelf lift exceeded •程序中无确认步骤 no check-off spaces provided15-13口信过长 Messages too long 5-7监督暗中催促 Supervisor implied haste•无法判断是否合适上岗 inadequate means to determine if qualified for job 8-4不能明确鉴别工地和工作中危险隐患inadequate identification of worksite /job 10-5施工监察欠妥 inadequate monitoring of construction •超期服役 extension of service life 12-8危险品不能正确鉴别 Improper identification of hazardous materials •不准确的步骤顺序 inaccurate sequence of steps15-14讲话干扰 Speech interference 5-8雇员性急 Employee perceived haste7-4没有提供培训 No training provided8-5不合适的变更管理系统 inadequate management of change system10-6操作准备工作评估欠妥inadequate assessment of operational •装载不当 improper loading 12-9使用不当或废弃材料处理 improper salvage and /or waste disposal•混乱模糊的指令 confusing instructions 15-15其它因素 Other 5-9其它因素 Other•没有认识到培训的必要性 need for training not identified8-6事故报告调查机制不完善 inadequate incident reporting/ investigation system 10-7对最初操作监察不力 inadequate monitoring of initial operation•未经训练的人使用 use by untrained people12-10健康安全资料使用不当 Inadequate use of safety and health data •技术性错误 technical error /missing steps □不适用 Not Applicable□不适用 Not Applicable•培训记录不对或过期 training records incorrect or out of data8-7安全会议不足或没有 inadequate or lack of safety meetings10-8评估欠妥和文档变更管理欠妥inadequate evaluation and /ordocumentation of change •使用意图错误 use for wrong purpose 12-11其它因素 Other •过多的说明 excessive references•未经培训就使用新的操作方法 new work methods introduced without training 8-8安全业绩考核和评估不当inadequate performance measurement& assessment10-9其它因素 Other 11-5有关参考资料或文献资料不足Inadequate reference materials or□不适用 Not Applicable•潜在的情形没有覆盖 potential situations not covered•故意不参加培训 decision made not to train8-9其它因素 Other □不适用 Not Applicable11-6审核/检查/监视欠缺 Inadequate audit/inspection / monitoring 14-4PSP 强化措施不力 Inadequate enforcement of PSP7-5其它因素 Other □不适用 Not Applicable•无文件 no documentation•对工作缺乏监察 inadequate monitoring of □不适用 Not Applicable•未明确整改责任 no correction responsibility assigned•监督知识不足 inadequate supervisory knowledge•整改措施不落实 no accountability for corrective action•强化不充分 inadequate reinforcement 11-7工作安排欠妥 Inadequate job placement•没有纠正不符合 non-compliance not•没有确定合适的人选 appropriate personnel not identified14-5PSP 沟通传达不力 Inadequate communication of PSP•没有可用的合适人选 appropriate personnel not available•给工作组分发不完全 incomplete distribution to work groups•没有提供合适的人选 appropriate personnel not provided •培训整合不完善 incomplete integration with training11-8其它因素 Other •不妥的翻译 inadequate translation to appropriate languages□不适用 Not Applicable•已过时的PSP 仍在使用 Out of data revisions still in use14-6其它因素 Other□不适用 Not Applicable •缺乏控制 controls less than adequate •安置不妥 displays less than adequate •标示不妥 labels less than adequate•位置超出可及或视力范围 location out of reach or sight •相矛盾的信息 conflicting information is presented 其它因素 Others作业场所环境/布置 Work place Environment/ Layout 拥护或活动受制 Congestion or restricted motion照明不适或光线太强 Inadequate or excessive illumination 通风不宜 Inadequate ventilation 无保护的高度 unprotected height工作场所布局不妥 Inadequate work place layout 幅射 Radiation极湿 Temperature extremes凌乱或石屑碎片 Clutter or debris风暴或自然现象 Storms or acts of nature 地面或过道打滑 Slippery floors or walkways 其它因素 Other工具使用不当 Improper use of tools使用有缺陷设备(明知) Use of defective equipment (aware)加载欠妥 Improper loading 走捷径 Shortcuts 其它因素 Others工作暴露 Work Exposures to 明火和爆炸物品 Fire or explosion 噪音 Noise带电系统 Energized electrical systems除电力外能源系统 Energized system, other than electrical 保护装置、警示系统或安全装置失效 Disabled guards,保护装置、警示系统、安全装置失效 Disabled guards,其它因素 Other 集体违规 Violation by group 监督违规 Violation by supervisor未经许可操作设备 Operation of equipment without authority 工作位置或姿态不正确 Improper position or posture for the task 超体能工作 Overexertion of physical capability工作或运载速度不适宜 Work or motion at improper speed吊装欠妥 Improper lifting 没有个人保护用品 Personal protective equipment not available 其它因素 Others无思索地进行常规活动 Routine activity without thought 其它因素 Others保护方法的使用 Use of Protective Methods 工具或设备使用 Use of Tools or Equipment 使用有缺陷工具(明知) Use of defective tools (aware)工具、设备和材料放置欠妥 Improper placement of tools,设备操作速度欠妥 Operation of equipment at improper speed 对正在运行的设备进行维修 Servicing of equipment in operation未作警告 Failure to warn使用药物或酒精 Use of drugs or alcohol遵守工作程序方面 Following Procedures 个人违规 Violation by individual 设备使用欠妥 Improper use of equipment 缺乏隐患存在意识 Lack of knowledge of Hazards present 未使用个人保护用品 Personal protective equipment not used 个人保护用品使用不正确 Improper use of proper personal 动力设备维修保养 Servicing of energized equipment 设备和材料未能固定 Equipment of materials not secured 个人保护用品不适宜 Inadequate warning systems个人保护用品缺陷 Defective personal protective equipment 安全装置欠妥 Inadequate safety devices 安全装置有缺陷 Defective safety devices 其它因素 Others决定欠妥或缺乏判断 Improper decision making or lack of judgment 注意力分散 Distracted by other concerns忽视地面和周围环境 inattention to footing and surrounding 嬉闹 Horseplay暴力行为 Acts of violence 警示系统不适 Inadequate warning systems 警示系统缺陷 Defective warning systems工艺或设备隔离不妥 Inadequate iodation of process or equipment 化学危险品 Hazardous chemicals 行为类 Actions条件类 Conditions保护系统 Protective systems疏忽/缺乏安全意识 Inattention/ Lack of Awareness 护罩和保护性装置不够 Inadequate guards or protective devices 护罩或保护性装置有缺陷 Defective guards or protective devices RCA Step 2: Identify Critical Factors Identify Critical Cause Factors 识别事故关键起因Analyze information 分析所收集的信息Causal Factor Charting 重建起因事件链管理体系要素 Managerment systemDocument the type /Severity of event 记录事故的类型和严重程Cover the who /what / when / where / how as know at the time 包括所涉及的人、事件、时间、地点和目前的进展Investigation team establishment 成立事故调查小组机械危险物 Mechanical hazardsPreparing Investigation人为因素 Job factors工作因素 Job factors调查准备根源分析第1步:收集证据RCA Step 1: Data Collection根源分析第2步:找出关键起因领导及职责Leadership and Accountability风险评估和管理Risk Assessment and Management人员、培训和行为People, Training and Behaviors与承包商和其它方合作 Working with Contractors andothers装置设计和安装Facilities Design and Construction实施和运行Implementation and Operation变更管理Management of change信息和文档Information and Documentation客户和产品Customers and Products社区和相关方意识Community and stakeholder Awareness危机和应急管理Crisis and Emergency Management事故分析和预防Incidents Analysis and Prevention评估、保障和改进 Assessment Assurance &Improvement事故For each identified critical factor, consider if any of the listed rort cause categories apply. if 'yes', circle the specific root cause.If none of the root causes in the category apply, then check the 'not applicable' box at the bottom of the column.针对每个关键起因,逐个分析所列的事故根源是否适用。
Root cause analysis of accidents, incidents and near-misses 事故、事件和未遂事故根本原因分析表
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事故根源分析方法-Root Cause Analysis (RCA)
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International Isocyanate Institute
9 设备
•
• • • • • • • • • • •
设备
购买/后勤不足 • 说明书或通知单不完全 • 对原料/设备的研究不充分 • 卖主的说明书不完全 • 装运方式或路线不当 • 接收,检查和承诺不当 • 安全和健康数据的沟通 • 不充分 • 原料处理不当 原料储存不当 原料运输不当 危险品的鉴别不充分 磨损和消耗 使用计划编制不充分 工作寿命范围的不当 检查和/或监控不当 装载不当或超标准装载 维护不当 由没有资格或未经培训 的人使用 使用频度超过指定限制
International Isocyanate Institute
•如何使用“五个为什么”分析法
•“五个为什么”分析方法很容易建立起来...只要你能够正确的提 问。确定合适的提问将引导出整个分析路线。
为什么我们 要建那个车间?
•如果开始的提问范围过于广泛将 会浪费时间、精力和财力。
•开始提问的范围过于狭小容易导 致偏离正确分析路线。
• 这种分类方法是根据引起事故的主要原因来分类,设备材料、程序、人员是完成任何工 作的基本要素,设计和培训工作则决定了人机协调工作的质量和有效性。
International Isocyanate Institute
物
设计不合理 物料放置不当 设备有缺陷 休息不好 违章
人
未戴防护用品 未穿劳保服装 经验不足 侥幸心理
International Isocyanate Institute
事故原因分析的基本步骤
(1)整理和阅读调查材料 (2)分析伤害方式
– 按以下七项内容进行分析: a. 受伤部位;b. 受伤性质;c. 起因物;d. 致害物 ; e. 伤害方式;f. 不安全状态;g. 不安全行为。
事故发生的根源分析英文版
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– provided adequate resources and support 是否提供了足够的资源和支持使别人能遵守纪律
Before You Discipline (5 Questions) 在你开始严肃纪律前 (问自己5个问题)
Things that make you go Hmmm… 解决问题的策略
Cause & Corrective Action: 原因&整改措施
Employee failed to notice protrusion of table in line of path…
员工未能注意到桌子挡住了行走区域 Discipline employee to be aware of walking path
Protect company interests 维护公司的利益(表明公司对员工生命安全的高度重视)
– Every Imerys employee is a valuable asset.
每个Imerys的员工都是公司的重要财富
Getting hurt is not generally a conscious decision...
(Serious 受伤)
3,000 FIRST AID 急救
(Minor 轻伤) 30,000 NEAR MISSES
侥幸脱险 (Unsafe acts-Unsafe conditions 不安全的操作和状态)
Effort 努力方向
Group Exercise 分组练习
• Discuss other reasons we should investigate near misses and close calls 讨论我们调查未遂事件的其他原因
事故报告(中英)
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1事故日期:2008年11月18日2事故时间:34事故类型:5是否有人员受伤?如果有,请描述伤者及受伤细节:No6故障原因 :7是否对服务器产生影响:8事故过程:110:00AM 214:00PM 314:30PM 415:00PM 516:00PM 616:30PM 105:40AM 205:50AM 307:00AM 408:30AM 510:00AM事故地点:(样例)运行低压及计算机机房空调设备CRAC(ComputerRoomAirConditioning)漏水1) 制冷低压:在计算机房空调设备安装初始运行过程中高压阀和低压阀的螺栓安装错误,从而导致冷冻剂从高压阀泄漏。
NoPSG Maggy Li received call from Juniper Security re water detection alarm for CRAC 2Connected with local partner Mike Chang and request for him to be on site asap PSG local partner Mike Chang arrived on site and found the "Water leak alarm" triggered and"Low pressure" message showed in the display of CRAC 2, same information as showed onNov18Mike Chang's colleague Alex and aircon vendor arrived on siteAfter checking, two problem detected and rectified as below:2) 漏水:加湿器排水泵在塑料及铜件连接部分的导管接头松动,使接头处漏水(在上次维修中已经检查该部位(it was checked during last maintenance and appeared operational)2008年11月18日###和###确认正常后离开现场2008年11月19日重新启动CRAC 设备,不再显示“低压”及警报信息从 处接到电话###和###赶到事故现场,发现“漏水报警器鸣叫”并且在CRAC 上显示“低压”查看并检测活动地板下的水槽,发现积满水,水满漫过地板,从而触发了警报。
煤矿爆炸事故树分析 英语版
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Mine explosion accident tree analysis Safety inspection tableThe serial number Check the content Check the method Check theresultinstructions1 Grassroots organization1.1 Have a sound managementinstitutions at the locallevel The basic unit investigation1,2 Related to productionsafety guidelines for theimplementation of thepolicy documents, learning,implementation, andunderstanding of workersafety in production. The basic unit investigation2 Working conditions in theprocess of production2.1 ventilation The supply air volumeshall not be less than 4 m3per minute per person2.2 Mechanical and electrical In a timely manner ofwater supply and drainagepipeline insulationbandaging, prevention andcontrol of frost crackpipes, valves.Arrange personnel underthe well, eliminatemechanical and electricalaccidents.2.3 dig2.4 communication Check the communicationequipment2.5 transport Check the transportequipment3 The working environment3.1 The mining area or exit inthe working face was clear Arrange personnel under the well3.2 Mine flood, fire, gas, coaldust and so on completedisaster preventionmeasures is effective Arrange personnel under the well3.3Whether the personal quality and use of labor protection articles comply with safety regulationsInspection on protective equipment3.4 Surface wind machine room, boiler pressure vessel and other special equipmentCheck whether the safety attachment is sensitive, reliable and complete3.5 Main ventilation rooms, libraries, blasting equipment distribution, pressure wind machine room, winch room, boiler roomCheck the equipmentThe top events: the coal mine gas explosion The immediate cause events:1.A Gas chromaB The presence of high temperature fireC Low concentration of oxygen(Between A, B, C and gate, because the three factors of coal mine gas explosion must have, the first is the gas concentration, the second is the existence of the fire source, three is the oxygen concentration is too low, lead to the spread of the gas in A short time is not fully caused by explosion)2、Gas chroma of the cause of the event:3.The reason for the existence of the high temperature fire events: A External heat sourceB The nature of coalFor the or gate between (A, B, as long as meet any one could trigger the generation of fire) The immediate cause of coal natural events:A Itself has a combustion tendentiousnessB Have a moderate amount of oxygenC Cooling bad heat accumulation (A, B, C between as and gate, because the necessary conditions of combustion has A certain oxygen, have fire, achieve ignition) The immediate cause of low oxygen concentration events: Ventilation equipment is faultyWith thedoorOr gateOr gateCoalmine gas explosionGas chroma Thepresenceofhigh Low concentrationVentilati on isfaulty ExternalheaThe natureof coalItself hasacombustiHavetherightCoolingbad heataccumulatiVentilationequipmeM1M2M3X1X2 M4X1X3X4X55.The qualitative analysis(1) the minimum cut sets (diameter). According to "multiply" judge method to judge, by the accident tree is above the minimum cut set has 2, the path set with five.(2)A structure function:T=M1╳M2╳M3=x1(x2+M4)x6=x1(x2+x3x4x5)x6=x1x2x6+x1x3x4x5x6Have two groups of minimum cut sets is:G1={x1x2x6}, G2=x1x3x4x5x6T=M1+M2+M3=x1+[x2(x3+x4+x5)]+x6=x1+x2x3+x2x4+x2x5+x6Or get 5 groups the path sets:P1={x1}P2={x2x3}P3={x2x4}P4={x2x5}P5={x6}quantitative analysisBasic event probability values tableCode name Basic event name q 1-qX1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 Ventilation haveobstaclesExternal heat sourceThe nature of coalItself has acombustiontendentiousnessHave a moderateamount of oxygenCooling bad heataccumulationVentilation equipmentis faulty0.050.130.120.020.070.070.050.950.870.880.980.930.930.95Probability importance:As shown in figure fault tree's minimum cut sets {X1, X2, X6}, {X1, X3, X4, X5, X6}, the probability of each basic event q1 = 0.05, respectively, q2 = 0.13, q3 = 0.02, q4 = 0.07, q5 = 0.07, q6 = 0.05Set qG1 = q1q2q6, qG2 = q1q3q4q5q6, according to the formula:G=qG1+qG2_qG1qG2_qG1qG2=q1q2q6+q1q3q4q5q6-q1q2q6q1q3q4q5q6-q1q2q6q1q3q4q5q6Ig(1)=q2q6+q3q4q5q6-4Xq1q2q3q4q5q6q6=0.13X0.05+0.02X0.07X0.07X0.05-4X0.05X0.13X0.02X0.07X0.05X0.05=0.0065Ig(2)=q1q6-2xq1q1q3q4q5q6q6=0.05x0.05-0.05x0.05x0.02x0.07x0.07x0.05x0.05x2=0.0025Ig(3)=q1q4q5q6-2xq1q1q2q4q5q6q6=0.00001Ig(4)=q1q3q5q6-q1q1q2q3q5q6q6=0.000003Ig(5)=q1q3q4q6-q1q2q3q4q6q6x2=0.000001I(6)=q1q2+q1q3q4q5-4xq1q1q2q3q4q5q6=0.0065According to the probability importance coefficient sequence is as follows:Ig(1)=Ig(6)>Ig(2)>Ig(3)>Ig(4)>Ig(5)煤矿爆炸事故树分析小组成员:刘家冰祖铭敏石欢吉璐阳赵云红。
(全景展示)交通事故发生的因素及防范方案英文版
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(全景展示)交通事故发生的因素及防范方案英文版Document Title: Factors and Prevention Measures of Traffic Accidents (A Comprehensive Overview)IntroductionIn this document, we will explore the various factors contributing to traffic accidents and propose prevention measures to mitigate the risks involved.Factors Leading to Traffic Accidents1. Human Factors- Driver fatigue- Distracted driving- Speeding- Reckless driving behavior2. Environmental Factors- Poor weather conditions (rain, snow, fog)- Road construction- Lack of proper lighting on roads3. Vehicle Factors- Mechanical failures- Lack of maintenance- Defective parts4. Infrastructure Factors- Poor road design- Lack of traffic signs and signals- Inadequate road maintenancePrevention Measures1. Education and Awareness- Conduct driver education programs- Spread awareness about the dangers of distracted driving - Promote safe driving practices through campaigns2. Enforcement of Traffic Laws- Strict enforcement of speed limits- Crackdown on drunk driving- Implementing penalties for reckless driving behavior3. Infrastructure Improvements- Regular maintenance of roads and bridges- Installation of proper signage and signals- Implementing road safety audits4. Technology Integration- Use of advanced safety features in vehicles- Implementing speed detection devices- Utilizing traffic monitoring systems5. Emergency Response- Enhance emergency response systems for quick assistance- Provide training for first responders to handle traffic accident situations effectively- Establishing designated trauma centers for accident victimsConclusionBy addressing the various factors contributing to traffic accidents and implementing preventive measures, we can work towards reducing the number of accidents on our roads. It is crucial for all stakeholders, including government agencies, law enforcement, drivers, and the community, to collaborate in creating a safer environment for everyone.。
根本原因分析(RCA)
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根本原因分析(RCA)作者:褚慎强来源:《国外畜牧学·猪与禽》2015年第02期中图分类号:F273 文献标识码:C 文章编号:1001-0769(2015)02-0075-02根本原因分析(RCA)英文全称是Root Cause Analysis,它是一项结构化的问题处理法,用以逐步找出问题的根本原因并加以解决,而不是仅仅关注问题的表征。
根本原因分析是一个系统化的问题处理过程,包括确定和分析问题原因,找出问题解决办法,并制定问题预防措施。
在组织管理领域内,根本原因分析能够帮助利益相关者发现组织问题的症结,并找出根本性的解决方案。
本文就RCA在安全事故中的分析方法与读者共享。
事故对我们每个人来说并不陌生,在每天的工作和生活中经常能听到或者见到一些有关事故的报道。
不管是煤矿爆炸事故、交通伤亡事故,还是电网漏电、有毒有害气体的泄漏等等。
这些事故严重损害到人和财产的安全,是我们每个人不愿意看到,也不愿意听到的事情。
无论是在高危行业还是较安全行业,每个工作人员都在渴望和追求安全。
但我们的周边存在着各种事故隐患,一旦条件俱备,事故就可能会发生。
所以要研究一定的方法和策略来控制和预防事故的发生。
由此我们就从认识事故的概念,研究事故发生的机理等方面入手,来了解事故背后的真正原因,进而控制事故的发生。
多数问题都有不止于一种应对之法,这些各不相同的解决之法,对于企业来说亦有不同程度的资源需求。
因为这种关联性的存在,就需要有一种最为有利的方案,能够快速、妥善地解决问题。
因此,只顾解决表面原因、而不管根本原因的解决之法成为一种普遍现象,就不足为怪了。
然而,选择这种急功近利的问题解决办法,治标不治本,问题免不了要复发,其结果是企业不得不一而再、再而三地重复应对同一个问题。
可以想象,这些方法的累积成本肯定是惊人的。
我们来看一下,当意外/事故发生后,您会面临什么选择?①选择忽略未遂事件。
因为我们不愿花费资源去调查没有造成损失的事情。
why tree 事故分析
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WHY Tree Analysis
所有事故与伤害都 是可以避免的
气候
速度
安全装备
训练
事实
为什么调查事故/事件 ?
01 03
展示对安全的承诺(有感领导) 提高员工对安全工作的信心
查找安全管理系统的缺陷(隐患) 发现可能引起其它事故的条件
02
避免再次发生类似事故/事件(举一反三) 沟通学习到的教训
14事故所见事证所见事证所见事证所见事证所见事证已证实因素已证实因素已证实因素已证实因素系統因素人為因素具體因素已证实因素人為因素管理因素直接因素摔断腿地上有油踩在油渍上不会锁螺栓不对没检查新员工没培训没有规定有规定未执行振动腐蚀没锁紧垫片问题工具不当没有规定有规定未执行法兰漏油有人泼洒或溢出踩在油渍上没看到没有警示故意的没警示边走边聊天没有规定有规定没执行管理层的责任向所有可能受益人员传达事件的教训及经验落实跟踪以预防事件再发生事故分析應避免
4 用头脑风暴广泛思考各种可能, 因素有可能不只一项.
5 若可能因素不只一项, 可用逻辑符号表示其相互关系.
6
以事实证明该项可能因素为不相关后终止.
7 重复三/四/五/六 步骤. 直到找出直接/人為/管理因素
8
相关管理因素可以不只一项.
9
若有须要, 可以依据危害等级安排执行顺序.
分析树
事故 所见事证 所见事证 所见事证 所见事证 所见事证
工艺危害分析
PHA
溢出容器
液位异常升高
LV 15 故障关
泵故障
故障树分析 Fault-Tree Analysis
出口堵塞 到LV15的信号虚高
LC 15 故障输出虚
高
LC15设 定点过高
事故发生的根源分析(英文版)(ppt 50页)
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...Working Safely Is!
但工作安全是可以自觉控制的!
Why Investigate Incidents and Near misses? 为什么要调查事故和未遂事件?
Because we don’t get to pick where we land…
尽可能快当场面谈
• Put at ease 营造轻松的气氛
– fact finding, not fault finding 调查事故情况,不是调查当事人的过失
– start with easily answered questions (conditions, etc.) 以容易回答的问题开始提问(受访者身份等)
Why Investigate Incidents and Near misses? 为什么要调查事故和未遂事件?
But we can pick where we focus…
但是我们能选择努力 的方向。
1 FATAL 身亡
30 DISABLING 残疾
(Severe 重伤)
300 MEDICAL 疗伤
Secondary 首要和其次问题
Leading 引导性
vs. Neutral 公正性
Individual 个人
vs. Group 小组
During the Interview 在面谈中
What techniques can you use for more effective interviews? 有效的面谈可采用哪些技巧? • As soon as possible and at the scene
Fact Finding: Interview Questions 事件调查:面谈的问题
事故WHYTREE分析方法ppt课件
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核实假设的技巧
缺点事件
觀察現象 #1
觀察現象 #2
觀察現象 #3
觀察現象 #4
細化成假设干個問題(例) : 引擎卡死了 沒有點火 壓縮不充分 空氣燃料混合不充分
假设該假設是 真,那麼缘由 是什麼?
引擎有問題
中間缘由
中間缘由
中間缘由
假设下一層的缘由中的一 個是真,那麼上面的假設 也是真。
中間缘由
中間缘由
• 留意:只在完成一个循环的“脑力风暴〞
六、核实
• 每一项假设都应核实。在没有核实前,运 用虚线框起。
• 核实的方法 • 测试- 油样分析,发动机动力测试 • 丈量- 振动,超音波,红外线 • 察看 - 摄像,照相 • 实验、实验 - 统计分析 (Six Sigma
Methodologies)
假设核实查表
他要问几次WHY?
• 阅历证明他要找到营运系统的根本缘由的
话,最起码他要问五次。
缺点事件
物理的缘由
為什麼? 為什麼?
人的缘由
為什麼? 為什麼?
系統的根本缘由
為什麼?
根本缘由
什么时候停顿问WHY?
•当他在营运系统的层面 上发现根本缘由时(处 理方案经常显而易见)。
•当他无法控制或影响处 理方案时:面对他无法 控制也无法影响的问题 时,忘了它,或找适宜 的人来对付它。
素被忽略。应该思索一切能够的缘由。
五、假设问题的思索:
• 变化 (CHANGE) • 一种改动行为或改动环境要素。可以用动词来
引导。举例如下:
• 为什么?由于操作员启动了送料泵 • 为什么?由于原料从阀门走漏 • 条件 (CONDITION) • 条件是一种被动的要素,事物的形状或继续的
安全事故分享-中英文对照
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安全事故分享-中英文对照安全经验分享Safety experience sharing作业人员牙齿被打伤事故The accident of operator’s teeth were injured2013年2月12日,在某平台上进行吊车回流软管更换的过程中,发生了一起软管接头打伤作业人员牙齿的事故。
On February 12, 2013,in the process of replace the return hose of crane on a offshore platform, there was a accidengt that hose connection injured operators teeth.1、事故描述The accident description事故发生时,平台正在进行吊车大小钩液压回流软管的更换工作。
旧的软管拆除后,维修人员开始进行新软管的安装工作。
鉴于现场作业空间非常有限,作业人员使用牵引绳(麻绳)拉拽软管接头以便使得软管接头(A)就位。
在拉管线(使得接头就位)的过程中,软管的另一端(B)意外弹出,其金属接头部分击中了作业人员牙齿,造成三颗牙齿不同程度损坏。
When the accident happened ,the offshore platform is to replace hydraulic return hose of crane hook. After the demolition of the old hose, maintenance personnel to new hose for installation. Because the working space is very limited,operators use the tow rope (hemp rope) pull hose connection makes the hose connector (A) in place. In the process of pulling the hose, the other end of the hose (B) the pop-up unexpectedly. Metal hose conn ector part hit operator’s teeth, three teeth appear different degree of damage.2、事故原因分析The cause of the accident analysis1)作业安全分析(JSA)不详细,没有识别出危险,没有防护措施。
安全事故根源分析图中英文
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根源分析第3步: 分析根源RCA step3:Identify Root Cause
可能的直接原因Possible immediate causes 行为Behaviors 1. 疏 忽 / 缺 乏 安 全 意 识 2. 遵 守 工 作 程 序 Following 1. of awareness Inattention/Lack疏忽/缺乏安全意识 procedures 1.1位置不当 1.1位置不当Position in danger 2.1例外违规exceptional violation 1.2无意识的人为差错 by individual/group/supervisor 1.2 无 意 识 的 人 为 差 错 Unintentional1.3忽视周围环境 human error 2.2个人/班组/主管习惯性违规 1.4注意力分散 to routine violation by 1.3忽视周围环境Inattention surroundings 1.5未向他人提供警告 individual/group/supervisor 1.6不假思索的常规活动2.3个人/班组/主管故意破坏 1.4 注 意 力 分 散 distracted by 1.7嬉闹/暴力等不当行为 other concerns Acts of sabotage by 1.8使用药物或酒精 individual/group/supervisor 1.5 未 向 他 人 提 供 警 告 No 1.9其它因素 warning provided to others 2.4 无 程 序 可 用 procedure was not available 1.6不假思索的常规活动Routine activity without thought 2.5不理解程序 Procedure was not understand 1.7嬉闹/暴力等不当行为 Horseplay/violence or other 2.6采用了错误的程序 inappropriate workplace Use of improper procedure behaviors 2.7其它因素Other 1.8使用药物或酒精Use of drugs or alcohol 1.9其它因素Other 3.工具或设备使用 Use of tools or equipment 3.1设备/车辆使用不当 Improper use of equipment/vehicle 3.2工具使用不当 Improper use of tools 3.3使用有缺陷设备(明知)Use of defective equipment(aware) 3.4使用有缺陷工具(明知) Use of defective tools(aware) 3.5工具、设备或物料放置欠妥 Improper placement of tools, equipment or materials 3.6 设 备 / 车 辆 操 作 速 度 欠 妥 operation of equipment/vehicle at improper speed 3.7对正在运行的设备进行维修 Servicing of equipment in operation 3.8其它因素other
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39、没有不老的誓言,没有不变的承 诺,踏 上旅途 ,义无 反顾。 40、对时间的价值没有没有深切认识 的人, 决不会 坚韧勤 勉。
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46、我们若已接受最坏的,就再没有什么损失。——卡耐基 47、书到用时方恨少、事非经过不知难。——陆游 48、书籍把我们引入最美好的社会,使我们认识各个时代的伟大智者。——史美尔斯 49、熟读唐诗三百首,不会作诗也会吟。——孙洙 50、谁和我一样用功,谁就会和我一样成功。——莫扎特
事故直接原因、间接原因的分析
36、“不可能”这个字(法语是一个字 ),只 在愚人 的字典 中找得 到。--拿 破仑。 37、不要生气要争气,不要看破要突 破,不 要嫉妒 要欣赏 ,不要 托延要 积极, 不要心 动要行 动。 38、勤奋,机会,乐观是成功的三要 素。(注 意:传 统观念 认为勤 奋和机 会是成 功的要 素,但 是经过 统计学 和成功 人士的 分析得 出,乐 观是成 功的第 三要素 。
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事故WHY TREE分析方法
26、机遇对于有准备的头脑有特别的 亲和力 。 27、自信是人格的核心。
28、目标的坚定是性格中最必要的力 量泉源 之一, 也是成 功的利 器之一 。没有 它,天 才也会 在矛盾 无定的 迷径中 ,徒劳 无功。- -查士 德斐尔 爵士。 29、困难就是机遇。--温斯顿.丘吉 尔。 30、我奋斗,所以我快乐。--格林斯 潘。
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❖ 知识就是财富 ❖ 丰富你的人生
71、既然我已经踏上这条道路,那么,任何东西都不应妨碍我沿着这条路走下去。——康德 72、家庭成为快乐的种子在外也不致成为障碍物但在旅行之际却是夜间的伴侣。——西塞罗 73、坚持意志伟大的事业需要始终不渝的精神。——伏尔泰 74、路漫漫其修道远,吾将上下而求索。——屈原 75、内外相应,言行相称。——韩非
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条分缕析 前车可鉴To make a root cause analysis, to learn lessons from the past 根源分析第2步:找出关键起因 PCA Step 2: identify critical factors 分析收集的信息 Analyze information 重建起因事件链 Causal factor charting 识别事故关键起因 Identify critical causal factors
可能的间接原因Possible indirect causes 个人因素Personal factors 1.行为诱因 behavior driver 1.1省时间save time 1.2嫌麻烦avoid 1.3 雇 员 性 急 employee perceived haste 1.4同事催促 peer pressure 1.5监督催促 Supervisor implied haste 1.6不适当的行为反馈 Inadequate performance feedback 1.7不适当的激励机制 Inadequate incentive system 1.8不适当的处罚 Inadequate punishment 1.9其它因素other 不适用not applicable 2. 工 作 压 力 Working pressure 2.1 工 作 量 过 大 work overload 2.2 焦 虑 或 挫 折 preoccupation with problems or frustration 2.3 精 神 负 担 过 重 emotional overload 2.4决策或责任压力大 Extreme judgment/decision demands 2.5对工作方向及要求 模糊不清 Confusing directions/demands 2.6过度的精力集中 Extreme concentration 2.7极度的乏味 Extreme boredom 2.8其它因素other 不适用 not applicable 3.心理素质 Mental capability 3.1情绪干扰emotional disturbance 3.2害怕或恐惧 fears or phobias 3.3性格问题personality 3.4 动 手 能 力 差 low mechanical aptitude 3.5理解能力差 Low learning aptitude 3.6记忆能力差 Memory failure 3.7协调或反应能力差 Poor coordination or reaction time 3.8判断力差 Poor judgment 3.9其它因素other 不适用 Not applicable 4.体能素质 Physical capability 4.1疲劳Fatigue/tiredness 4.2视力低下 vision deficiency 4.3听力低下 hearing deficiency 4.4感到体力虚弱 felt weak 4.5身高不够 inadequate size 4.6速度不当 inadequate speed 4.7物质过敏症 substance 4.8旧伤旧病复发 previous injury or illness 4.9其它感官缺陷 other sensory deficiency 4.10其它身体永久伤残 other permanent physical disabilities 4.11其它因素other 不适用not applicable 5.技能素质skill level 5.1对所需求技术没有充 分 评 估 inadequate assessment of required skills 5.2缺少培训或证书 Lack of training or certificates 5.3故意不参加培训 Decision made not to train 5.4缺乏技术实践/练习 Lack of practice of skill 5.5缺乏技术指导 Lack of coaching on skill 5.6不经常操作的技术 Infrequent performance of skill 5.7没有查看指南以明确 技 术 要 求 not review of instruction to establish skill requirements 5.8缺乏隐患存在意识 Lack of knowledge of hazards present 5.9其它因素other 不适用not applicable
人非圣贤 孰能无过 To error is human, to divine is God 调查准备 Preparing Investigation 记录事故的类型和严重程度 Document the type/severity of event 包括所涉及的人、事件、地点和目前的进展 Include the who/what/when/where/how known at the time 成立事故调查小组investigation team establishment 根源分 析第 1 步: 收集证 据 RCA Step 1:Data collection 收集证据collect evidence 人证、物证、位置和文件 People/parts/positions and paper 保护证据preserve evidence
根源分析第3步: 分析根源RCA step3:Identify Root Cause
可能的直接原因Possible immediate causes 行为Behaviors 1. 疏 忽 / 缺 乏 安 全 意 识 2. 遵 守 工 作 程 序 Following 1. of awareness Inattention/Lack疏忽/缺乏安全意识 procedures 1.1位置不当 1.1位置不当Position in danger 2.1例外违规exceptional violation 1.2无意识的人为差错 by individual/group/supervisor 1.2 无 意 识 的 人 为 差 错 Unintentional1.3忽视周围环境 human error 2.2个人/班组/主管习惯性违规 1.4注意力分散 to routine violation by 1.3忽视周围环境Inattention surroundings 1.5未向他人提供警告 individual/group/supervisor 1.6不假思索的常规活动2.3个人/班组/主管故意破坏 1.4 注 意 力 分 散 distracted by 1.7嬉闹/暴力等不当行为 other concerns Acts of sabotage by 1.8使用药物或酒精 individual/group/supervisor 1.5 未 向 他 人 提 供 警 告 No 1.9其它因素 warning provided to others 2.4 无 程 序 可 用 procedure was not available 1.6不假思索的常规活动Routine activity without thought 2.5不理解程序 Procedure was not understand 1.7嬉闹/暴力等不当行为 Horseplay/violence or other 2.6采用了错误的程序 inappropriate workplace Use of improper procedure behaviors 2.7其它因素Other 1.8使用药物或酒精Use of drugs or alcohol 1.9其它因素Other 3.工具或设备使用 Use of tools or equipment 3.1设备/车辆使用不当 Improper use of equipment/vehicle 3.2工具使用不当 Improper use of tools 3.3使用有缺陷设备(明知)Use of defective equipment(aware) 3.4使用有缺陷工具(明知) Use of defective tools(aware) 3.5工具、设备或物料放置欠妥 Improper placement of tools, equipment or materials 3.6 设 备 / 车 辆 操 作 速 度 欠 妥 operation of equipment/vehicle at improper speed 3.7对正在运行的设备进行维修 Servicing of equipment in operation 3.8其它因素other
可能的直接原因Possible immediate causes 工具与设备tools and equipment 5.工具/设备及车辆Tools, equipment and vehicles 5.1设备故障 Equipment failure 5.2设备准备欠妥 Improperly prepared equipment 5.3工具缺陷 Defective tools 5.4工具准备欠妥 Improperly prepared tools 5.5车辆故障 Defective vehicle 5.6车型和用途不符 Inadequate vehicle for the purpose 5.7 工 艺 技 术 流 程 缺 陷 defective technical process 5.8其它因素other 6.保护系统protective systems 6.1 缺 少 保 护 性 装 置 lack of protective devices 6.2保护性装置有缺陷defective protective devices 6.3安全装置欠妥 Inadequate safety devices 6.4安全装置有缺陷 Defective safety devices 6.5缺少上锁挂牌或警示标示 Defective lockout/tagout or warning signs 6.6上锁挂牌或警示标示有缺陷 Defective lockout/tagout or warning signs 6.7个人保护用品有缺陷 Defective personal protective equipment 6.8其它因素other 场所workplace 7.工作暴露work exposures 7.1 明 火 或 爆 炸 性 物 品 Fire explosion 7.2噪音Noise 7.3 带 电 电 气 系 统 Energized electrical systems 7.4 非 电 气 能 源 系 统 Energized system,other than electrical 7.5幅射radiation 7.6 极 高 / 低 温 temperature extreme high/low 7.7 化 学 危 险 品 hazardous chemicals 7.8 机 械 危 险 物 mechanical hazards 7.9坠物fall objects 7.10生物毒害biological hazards 7.11风暴或自然现象storms or acts of nature 7.12其它因素other 8.作业场所环境/布置work place environment/layout 8.1 拥 挤 或 活 动 受 制 congestion or restricted motion 8.2 照 明 不 足 或 光 线 太 强 inadequate/excessive illumination 8.3 受 限 空 间 或 通 风 不 足 confined space or inadequate ventilation 8.4高空作业work at height 8.5 地 面 或 过 道 打 滑 slippery floors or walkways 8.6缺乏进出管制entry controls less than adequate 8.7 布 局 不 妥 displays less than adequate 8.8 标 示 不 妥 labels less than adequate 8.9 超 出 范 围 或 视 力 受 限 locations out of reach or sight 8.10互相矛盾的信息conflicting information is presented 8.11其它因素other