Essay 和 Dissertation写作常用词汇与表达方式

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Essay Paper和Dissertation的有什么区别

Dissertation一般是1——2万字级别，通常有独立的研究方法，数据分析等实证内容。Thesis 一般是10万字级别，需要更系统的研究方法，田野调查（即fieldwork），数据分析等实证。
方法/步骤
Paper怎么写？这个词就太多含义了。好的，也就是paper一般有两种（跟学术相关的）：第一种是超级学术的论文，通常是由专家写的，在书和期刊上等发表，一般叫做学术论文 Scholarly paper。第二种是类似essay的，作为学校课程作业的文章和论文，一般叫学期论文Term paper。学期论文Term paper是学生撰写的研究论文，占很大一部分的成绩。学期论文通常用来描述一个事件，一个概念，或者认为一个论点。学期论文是写原创作品，详细讨论一个话题，通常都需要几页打印纸，通常是在一个学期尾交。
Essay大家都熟悉，老师经常让我们写essay，essay就是几千字的小论文，一般来说只有文献综述和对它的分析，没有独立的数据也没关系，本科生接触的最多的就是essay，essay也是被包括在paper里面的。Paper一般来说就包括了所有的论文，当然，不包括毕业论文。 Dissertation相对来说字数比较多，一般来说要一万字以上，和essay不同的是，它要有独立的研究方法和数据分析，相对essay来说，它对作者的要求更高，要完成起来也更加困难。
方法/步骤
Essay怎么写？它几乎是留学中最常见的一个词之一。
Essay有两个特点： 1.short！短！ 2.主要是指学生的课程作业（或者考核作品）啦。 3.是在某主题上写，而不是乱来的。在国外大学，Essay一般指几千字级别的小论文/课程论文，通常只有文献综述和对文献的批判分析，可以没有独立的数据和实证（即便有也是简化的）。可以没有完整的数据或文献，也可以只针对一些著作或观点谈谈自己的想法和见解，可以是批判性的，也可以是赞同的。

写作中常用的短语

写作中常用的短语写作中，使用适当的短语可以使文章更加生动、流畅，并且能够准确传达作者的意图。

本文将介绍一些常用的写作短语，并提供一些例句来帮助读者理解其用法。

一、引言和概述1. 一般来说（Generally speaking）：用于引出一个普遍的观点或概念。

例如：一般来说，人们都喜欢旅行，因为它可以带来新的经历和挑战。

2. 随着时间的推移（Over time）：用于描述一个过程或变化随着时间的流逝而发生。

例如：随着时间的推移，科技的发展改变了人们的生活方式。

3. 无疑（Undoubtedly）：用于强调某个观点或事实是毫无疑问的。

例如：他的才华无疑使他成为一个杰出的音乐家。

4. 综上所述（In conclusion）：用于总结文章内容或给出一个结论。

例如：综上所述，环境保护是我们每个人的责任。

二、解释和表达观点1. 事实上（In fact）：用于引出一个事实或论据支持某个观点。

例如：事实上，科学研究已经证明吸烟对健康十分有害。

2. 据估计（It is estimated that）：用于引用一个大致的估计数值或数据。

例如：据估计，全球约有三分之一的人口面临水资源短缺的问题。

3. 这意味着（This means that）：用于解释某个现象或情况的结果。

例如：这意味着我们需要采取措施来减少二氧化碳的排放。

4. 与...相对比（In contrast to）：用于比较两个相反或不同的事物。

例如：与过去相比，现代科技已经给人们的生活带来了巨大的改变。

三、列举和举例1. 例如（For example）：用于举出一个具体的例子来支持某个观点。

例如：图书馆是一个重要的学习场所，例如，在图书馆里可以找到各种各样的资料。

2. 其中之一（One of the reasons）：用于列举多个原因中的一个。

例如：污染是导致气候变化的原因之一。

3. 进一步地（Furthermore）：用于引出更多的信息或细节。

例如：此外，积极参与体育运动还有助于促进身体健康。

成考英语作文常用单词

成考英语作文常用单词在成考英语作文中，使用一些常用单词可以提高写作的流畅度和表达的准确性。

以下是一些建议的常用单词列表，这些单词在多种类型的作文中都非常实用：1. 观点表达- opinion 观点- perspective 视角- belief 信念- argument 论证- claim 主张- hypothesis 假设- assumption 假设- conclusion 结论2. 描述性词汇- significant 重要的- influential 有影响力的- beneficial 有益的- detrimental 有害的- remarkable 显著的- essential 必要的- inevitable 不可避免的- remarkable 显著的3. 连接词- moreover 此外- furthermore 进一步- however 然而- therefore 因此- consequently 因此- otherwise 否则- nonetheless 尽管如此- similarly 类似地4. 时间与顺序- firstly 首先- subsequently 随后- then 然后- finally 最后- meanwhile 同时- subsequently 随后- previously 之前- eventually 最终5. 比较与对比- similar 相似的- alike 相似的- different 不同的- distinct 明确的- in contrast 相比之下- on the contrary 相反地- likewise 同样地- similarly 类似地6. 原因与结果- because 因为- due to 由于- since 因为- as a result 结果- therefore 因此- consequently 因此- thus 因此- hence 因此7. 强调- indeed 的确- certainly 确实- undoubtedly 无疑- notably 显著地- particularly 特别地- significantly 显著地- particularly 特别地- essentially 本质上8. 例证- for example 例如- for instance 比如- such as 例如- like 像- namely 即- specifically 具体来说- particularly 特别地- particularly 特别地9. 总结- in summary 总之- in conclusion 总之- to sum up 总结起来- overall 总的来说- in general 通常- all in all 总的来说- to recapitulate 重述- to encapsulate 概括这些单词可以帮助你构建清晰、连贯的英语作文。

英语学术论文常用词汇与短语

英语学术论文常用词汇与短语差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful 方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techniques, means, tools发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observ e, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate, prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变：change, alteration高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absenc e, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative, poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated广泛的：in an extensive survey执行：perform, carry out角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential, early, possible role）可能性：feasibility密切地：intimately难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的：potential, candidate, putative缩写：abbreviations识别，辨别：discernment提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation推测： presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction显著,优先的:prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, re markably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prevalent相同，同等并列：with a similar pattern to协同，加强：synergize with研究:analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inqui ry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explore一致：which is in accord with the results,which corroborated the results which supported the results优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常：aberration, abnormality重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance相反：On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contrary，in sharp contrast, contrary to what would be expected，Contrary to the expectation that 与一起：in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that。

英语作文写作常用短语总结

英语作文写作常用短语总结引言在英语学习过程中，写作是一个非常重要的环节。

无论是学术论文、商务邮件还是日常写作，我们都需要用到一些常用的短语来表达自己的意思。

本文将总结一些常用的英语写作短语，以帮助您提升英语写作水平。

表达观点无论是写作议论文还是说明文，我们经常需要表达自己的观点。

以下是一些常用的短语：1.In my opinion（在我看来）2.From my perspective（从我的角度来看）3.I believe（我相信）4.It seems to me（在我看来似乎）5.Personally（个人而言）6.I think（我认为）7.It is widely believed that（普遍认为）引用文献在学术论文或者撰写研究报告时，引用文献是必不可少的一部分。

以下是一些常用的引用短语：1.According to（根据）2.As stated by（如…所述）3.According to the research conducted by（根据…的研究）4.In the words of（引用的话或观点）5.It has been shown that（已经证明）结论和总结在文章结尾部分，我们需要总结和得出结论。

以下是一些常用的短语：1.In conclusion（总之）2.To sum up（总结起来）3.In summary（概括地说）4.Therefore（因此）5.As a result（结果是）6.Thus（从而）7.It can be concluded that（可以得出结论）因果关系在写作中，我们经常需要表达因果关系。

以下是一些常用的短语：1.Due to（由于）2.Because（因为）3.As a result of（由于…的结果）4.Therefore（因此）5.Consequently（因此）6.Thus（因此）7.For this reason（因此）表达观点的强调和例证在写作中，我们经常需要强调自己的观点或提供一些例证来支持自己的论点。

英语作文常用高级词汇

英语作文常用高级词汇在英语写作中，使用高级词汇可以提升文章的学术性和正式性，同时也能展示出作者的语言水平。

以下是一些英语作文中常用的高级词汇，它们可以根据不同的写作主题和上下文进行选择和使用。

1. 表达观点：- 支持：endorse, advocate, subscribe- 反对：oppose, refute, contradict- 认为：assert, contend, posit2. 逻辑连接词：- 因此：consequently, hence, thereupon- 然而：nevertheless, notwithstanding, albeit- 此外：furthermore, moreover, in addition3. 描述原因：- 导致：result in, lead to, contribute to- 因为：owing to, due to, as a result of4. 描述影响：- 影响：impact, influence, affect- 改变：alter, modify, transform5. 表达可能性：- 可能：probable, likely, feasible- 不可能：improbable, unlikely, implausible6. 表达重要性：- 重要的：significant, crucial, paramount- 次要的：insignificant, trivial, minor7. 表达复杂性：- 复杂的：complex, intricate, sophisticated- 简单的：simple, straightforward, uncomplicated8. 表达情感：- 满意的：satisfied, content, pleased- 不满的：dissatisfied, discontent, displeased9. 表达数量：- 大量的：abundant, ample, plentiful- 少量的：limited, scarce, insufficient10. 表达时间：- 过去的：previous, preceding, antecedent- 未来的：forthcoming, subsequent, impending11. 表达比较：- 更...：further, more, additional- 最...：utmost, most, maximum12. 表达目的：- 为了：in order to, for the purpose of, with the aim of - 导致：causing, leading to, resulting in13. 表达例证：- 例如：for instance, such as, namely- 特别是：particularly, especially, notably14. 表达总结：- 总之：in summary, to sum up, in conclusion- 因此：therefore, hence, thus使用这些高级词汇时，重要的是要确保它们与句子的其余部分相匹配，并且它们的使用是恰当和准确的。

英语作文必备词汇

英语作文必备词汇1. Academic Achievement: 学术成就- Thesis: 论文- Dissertation: 博士论文- Curriculum: 课程- Syllabus: 教学大纲- Scholar: 学者- Academician: 学术界人士- Research: 研究- Publication: 发表2. Personal Development: 个人发展- Self-improvement: 自我提升- Ambition: 雄心- Aspiration: 愿望- Goal: 目标- Milestone: 里程碑- Growth: 成长- Progress: 进步3. Communication: 交流- Dialogue: 对话- Discussion: 讨论- Debate: 辩论- Negotiation: 协商- Feedback: 反馈- Clarification: 澄清4. Cultural Exchange: 文化交流- Tradition: 传统- Heritage: 遗产- Festival: 节日- Customs: 风俗- Diversity: 多样性- Integration: 融合5. Environmental Issues: 环境问题- Conservation: 保护- Sustainability: 可持续性- Pollution: 污染- Ecosystem: 生态系统- Climate Change: 气候变化- Renewable Energy: 可再生能源6. Technology Advancement: 技术进步- Innovation: 创新- Artificial Intelligence: 人工智能- Robotics: 机器人技术- Cybersecurity: 网络安全- Digitalization: 数字化7. Economic Growth: 经济增长- Prosperity: 繁荣- Economy: 经济- Market: 市场- Investment: 投资- GDP (Gross Domestic Product): 国内生产总值8. Social Issues: 社会问题- Equality: 平等- Discrimination: 歧视- Poverty: 贫困- Education: 教育- Healthcare: 医疗保健9. Travel and Exploration: 旅行与探索 - Adventure: 冒险- Destination: 目的地- Culture: 文化- Itinerary: 行程- Souvenir: 纪念品10. Health and Fitness: 健康与健身- Exercise: 运动- Diet: 饮食- Wellness: 健康- Yoga: 瑜伽- Meditation: 冥想11. Education System: 教育体系- Curriculum: 课程- Examination: 考试- Lecture: 讲座- Tutorial: 辅导课- Scholarship: 奖学金12. Career and Employment: 职业与就业 - Career: 职业- Job: 工作- Resume: 简历- Interview: 面试- Promotion: 晋升13. Art and Literature: 艺术与文学- Novel: 小说- Poetry: 诗歌- Drama: 戏剧- Sculpture: 雕塑- Painting: 绘画14. Science and Research: 科学与研究- Hypothesis: 假设- Experiment: 实验- Theory: 理论- Data: 数据- Analysis: 分析15. Globalization: 全球化- Internationalization: 国际化- Global Market: 全球市场- Multinational Corporation: 跨国公司- Cultural Exchange: 文化交流- Global Warming: 全球变暖这些词汇可以帮助你构建英语作文的框架，无论是描述学术研究、个人成长、社会问题还是文化差异，都能提供丰富的表达资源。

英美文学常用术语及解释

英美文学常用术语及解释下面是店铺整理的一些英美文学常用术语及解释，希望对大家有帮助。

01. Allegory(寓言)Allegory is a story told to explain or teach something. Especially a long and complicated story with an underlying meaning different from the surface meaning of the story itself.2>allegorical novels use extended metaphors to convey moral meanings or attack certain social evils. characters in these novels often stand for different values such as virtue and vice.3>Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progress, Melville’s Moby Dick are such examples.02. Alliteration(头韵)Alliteration means a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a line or group.2>alliteration is a traditional poetic device in English literature.3>Robert Frost’s Acq uainted with the Night is a case in point:” I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet”03. Ballad(民谣)Ballad is a story in poetic from to be sung or recited. in more exact literary terminology, a ballad is a narrative poem consisting of quatrains of iambic tetrameter alternating with iambic trimester.(抑扬格四音步与抑扬格三音步诗行交替出现的四行叙事诗)2>.ballads were passed down from generation to generation.3>Coleridge’s The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a 19th century English ballad.04. epic(史诗)Epic, in poetry, refers to a long work dealing with the actionsof goods and heroes.2>Epic poems are not merely entertaining stories of legendary or historical heroes; they summarize and express the nature or ideals of an entire nation at a significant or crucial period of its history.3>Beowulf is the greatest national Epic of the Anglo-Saxons.05. Lay(短叙事诗)It is a short poem, usually a romantic narrative, intended to be sung or recited by a minstrel.06. Romance(传奇)Romance is a popular literary form in the medic England.2>it sings knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.3>chivalry is the spirit of the romance.07. Alexandrine(亚历山大诗行)The name is derived from the fact that certain 12th and 13th century French poems on Alexander the Great were written in this meter.2>it is an iambic line of six feet, which is the French heroic verse.08. Blank Verse(无韵诗或素体广义地说)Blank verse is unrhymed poetry. Typically in iambic pentameter, and as such, the dominant verse forms of English dramatic and narrative poetry since the mid-16th century.09. Comedy(喜剧)Comedy is a light form of drama that aims primarily to amuse and that ends happily. Since it strives to provoke smile and laughter, both wit and humor are utilized. In general, the comic effect arises from recognition of some incongruity of speech, action, or character revelation, with intricate plot.10. Essay(随笔)The term refers to literary composition devoted to the presentation of the writer’s own ideas on a topic and generally addressing a particular aspect of the subject. Often brief in scope and informal in style, the essay differs from such fomal forms as the thesis, dissertation or treatise.11. Euphuistic style(绮丽体)Its principle characteristics are the excessive use of antithesis, which is pursued regardless of sense, and emphasized by alliteration and other devices; and of allusions to historical and mythological personages and to natural history drawn from such writers as Plutarch(普卢塔克), Pliny(普林尼), and Erasmus(伊拉兹马斯).2>it is the peculiar style of Euphues(优浮绮斯)12. History Plays(历史剧)History plays aim to present some historical age or character, and may be either a comedy or a tragedy. They almost tell stories about the nobles, the true people in history, but not ordinary people. the principle idea of Shakespeare’s history plays is the necessity for national unity under a mighty and just sovereign.13. Masques or Masks(假面剧)Masques (or Masks) refer to the dramatic entertainments involving dances and disguises, in which the spectacular and musical elements predominated over plot and character. As they were usually performed at court, often at very great expense, many have political overtones.14. Morality plays(道德剧)A kind of medic and early Renaissance drama that presents the conflict between the good and evil through allegorical characters. The characters tend to be personified abstractions of vices and virtues, which can be named as Mercy. Conscience, etc. unlike a mystery or a miracle play, morality play does notnecessarily use Biblical or strictly religious material because it takes place internally and psychologically in every human being.15.Sonnet(十四行诗)It is a lyric poem of 14 lines with a formal or recited and characterized by its presentation of a dramatic or exciting episode in simple narrative form.2>it is one of the most conventional and influential forms of poetry in Europe.3>Shakespeare’s sonnets are well-known.16. Spenserian Stanza(斯宾塞诗节)Spenserian Stanza is the creation of Edmund spenser.2>it refers to a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter(五音步抑扬格) and the last line in iambic hexameter(六音步抑扬格),rhyming ababbcbcc. 3>Spenser’s the Faerie Queen was written in this kind of stanza.17. Stanza(诗节)Stanza is a group of lines of poetry, usually four or more, arranged according to a fixed plan.2>the stanza is the unit of structure in a poem and poets do not vary the unit within a poem.18. Three Unities(三一原则)Three rules of 16th and 17th century Italian and French drama, broadly adapted from Aristotle’s Poetics<诗学>:2>the unity of time, which limits a play to a single day; the unity of place, which limits a play’s setting in a single location; and the unity of action, which limits a play to a single story line.19. Tragedy(悲剧)In general, a literary work in which the protagonist meets an unhappy or disastrous end. Unlike comedy, tragedy depicts the actions of a central character who is usually dignified or heroic.20.Conceit(奇特比喻)Conceit is a far-fetched simile or metaphor, a literary conceit occurs when the speaker compares two highly dissimilar things.2>conceit is extensively employed in John Donne’s poetry.21.Metar(格律)The word”meter” is derived from the Greek word”metron” meaning”measure”.2>in English when applied to poetry, it refers to the regular pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables.3>the analysis of the meter is called scansion(格律分析)22. University Wits(大学才子)University Wits refer to a group of scholars during the Elizabethan Age who graduated from either oxford or Cambridge. They came to London with the ambition to become professional writers. Some of them later became famous poets and playwrights. They were called” University Wits”23.Foreshadowing(预兆)Foreshadowing, the use of hints or clues in a novel or drama to suggest what will happen next. Writers use Foreshadowing to create interest and to build suspense.method used to build suspense by providing hints of what is to come.24. Soliloquy(独白)Soliloquy, in drama, means a moment when a character is alone and speaks his or her thoughts aloud..2>the line“to be, or no t to be, that is the question”, which begins the famous soliloquy from Shakespeare’s Hamlet.25.Narrative Poem(叙述诗)Narrative Poem refers to a poem that tells a story in verse,2>three traditional types of narrative poems include ballads,epics, metrical romances.3>it may consist of a series of incidents, as John Milton’s paradise lost.26.Robin Hood(罗宾.豪)Robin hood is a legendary hero of a series of English ballads, some of which date from at least the 14th century.2>the character of Robin Hood is many-sided. Strong, brave and intelligent, he is at the same time tender-hearted and affectionate.3>the dominant key in his character is his hatred for the cruel oppression and his love for the poor and downtrodden.4>another feature of Robin’s view is his reverence for the king, Robin Hood was a people’s hero.27. Beowulf(贝奥武甫)Beowulf, a typical example of old English poetry, is regarded as the greatest national epic of t he Anglo-Saxons. 2>the epic describes the exploits of a Scandinavian hero, Beowulf, in fighting against the monster Grendel, his revengeful nother, and a fire-breathing dragon in his declining years. While fight against the dragon, Beowulf was mortally wounded, however, he killed the dragon at the cost of his life, Beowulf is shown not only as a glorious hero but also as a protector of the people.28. Baroque(巴罗克式风格)This is originally a term of abuse applied to 17th century Italian art and that of other countries. It is characterized by the unclassical use of classical forms, in a literary context; it is loosely used to describe highly ornamented verse or prose, abounding in extravagant conceits.这原本是用来指17世纪的意大利艺术和其他国家艺术滥用的一个术语.这种风格主要是指对古典形式的非古典运用.在文学领域,这种风格松散地用来指十分雕饰的,大量运用奇思妙想的诗歌或散文.29. Cavalier poets(骑士派诗人)A name given to supporters of Charles I in the civil war. These poets were not a formal group, but all influenced by Ben Jonson and like him paid little attention to the sonnet. Their lyrics are distinguished by short lines, precise but idiomatic diction, and an urbane and graceful wit.30. Elegy(挽歌)Elegy has typically been used to refer to reflective poems that lament the loss of something or someone, and characterized by their metrical form.31. Restoration Comedy(复辟时期喜剧)Restoration Comedy, also the comedy of manners, developed upon the reopening of the theatres after the re-establishment of monarchy with the return of Charles II.. Its predominant tone was witty, bawdy, cynical, and amoral. Standard characters include fops, bawds, scheming valets, country squires, and sexually voracious young widows and older women. The principle theme is sexual intrigue, either for its own sake or for money.复辟时期的喜剧,又称社会习俗讽刺喜剧,是在查理二世君主复辟后剧院重新开业的基础上发展起来的,其主要的基调是诙谐,淫秽,挖苦和非道德.标准的角色包括花花公子,鸨母,诡计多端的仆人,乡绅,性欲旺盛的年轻寡妇和老女人.主要的主题是奸情,有的是为了性,有的是为了钱.。

申论作文常用术语汇总表

申论作文常用术语汇总表1. 观点论证 (Argumentation): 对某个问题或观点提出自己的看法，并给出相关的论据和证据来支持自己的观点。

2. 分析论证 (Analysis): 通过对问题进行深入的分析，提供相关的细节、数据和理由来支持自己的观点。

3. 举例论证 (Illustration): 使用具体的例子来说明自己的观点，让读者更容易理解和接受。

4. 对比论证 (Comparison): 通过对比两个事物或观点的优劣、差异等，来说明自己的观点的合理性。

5. 引用权威 (Quotation): 引用权威人士的观点、数据或研究成果，以增加自己观点的可信度。

6. 实证研究 (Empirical research): 引用已有的实证研究结果，来证明自己的观点的正确性。

7. 数据分析 (Data analysis): 对相关数据进行统计和分析，提供有力的数据支持。

8. 考察历史 (Historical examination): 对某一事件或问题的历史过程和背景进行分析，用以支持自己的观点。

9. 逻辑推理 (Logical reasoning): 通过合理的逻辑推理过程，来得出自己的结论。

10. 层层递进(Progressive elaboration): 在文章中逐步展开论述，从而使得观点更加完整和有说服力。

11. 解决问题 (Problem-solving): 对某个具体问题提出解决思路和方法，并给出相应的理论和实践支持。

12. 比较优势 (Comparative advantage): 强调自己的观点在某个方面具有优势，从而增加观点的说服力。

13. 增进共识 (Consensus building): 通过寻找共同点，促进不同观点之间的沟通与理解，从而达成共识。

14. 反驳异议 (Refuting objections): 对反对自己观点的异议或质疑进行反驳，以证明自己的观点的正确性。

15. 提出建议 (Making suggestions): 在问题讨论的基础上，提出具体的建议和方案，以解决问题或改进状况。

常用词汇和句式

议论文写作中的常用词汇和句式1．议论文写作中常用到的“认为”，“持某种观点”：除了“believe”“think”之外：argue/claim/contend/declare/hold/insist /maitain/proclaim/state/understand/adv ocateargue for/argue against/hold the view/point out/point to/stick to/cling to 2.议论文中经常用到的“导入作者观点的句型”：除了“in my opinion”（这是已经备用滥的表达）Personally, I would preferFor my part, I would choose toAs for me, this should not beTo my mind, one should neverAs far as I am concerned, this proposalseemsTo be frank, I would like to support After considering/pondering the issue, I shallAfter close inspection/examination, I would2．议论文写作中经常用到的“表示各种承接关系的表达”：（1）表示强调意义的表达：above all/ in particular/ more importantly/let alone/not to mention/to say nothing of/what is more/precisely（2）表示肯定语气的表达：absolutely/ altogether/ beyond any doubt/ out of question/ beyond question/ undoubtedly/ unquestionably/ indeed（3）表示怀疑不确定语气的表达：It is quite likely thatIt may well be thatIt remains to be seenPresumably（4）介绍/引入另一个事实/论据的表达：strangely/ enough/ curiously/ enough/ in fact/ as a matter of fact/ in the event/ surprising as it may seem/ the fact is that（５）表示相关的表达：correspondingly/ either/ in turn / respectively/ similarly/ likewise （６）表示条件关系的表达：if only/ in any case/ in case of / in the event of / irrespective of / regardless of / no matter whether/ provide that。

Essay、article和dissertation的区别

Essay、article和dissertation的区别Essay、article和dissertation的区别Essay是我们最常见的⼀种论⽂格式了，essay在词典上的解释意义是散⽂,随笔,⼩品⽂.(篇幅较短的论⽂)，然⽽essay通常会⽐较常运⽤于美式英语中，在英式英语中，⼈们则会习惯于把essay当做本科时期的论⽂，这就体现了美式英语和英式英语的不同之处。

然⽽，essay相对其他两个article和dissertation来说，它的⽤法是⼴泛的，它不仅仅涵盖了论⽂这⼀层⾯的意思，同时，它还可以指散⽂或者是杂⽂。

在论⽂这⼀层⾯上，essay 则通常指字数⽐较少，篇幅较短的⼩型论⽂或课程论⽂，这种论⽂可以没有完整的数据或⽂献，也可以只针对⼀些著作或观点谈谈⾃⼰的想法和见解，可以是批判性的，也可以是赞同的。

例如：It's a huge book which is all about this short story by Balzac, "Sarrasine," that he begins this essay by quoting.Article多指在报刊、杂志上发表的⾮⽂艺性的⽂章，包括新闻报导、学术论⽂等。

例如：This is an article on the new club manager.Dissertation它在词典⾥的解释是什么呢，指演讲，⼀般指博⼠论⽂；论⽂。

相对于前⾯两个，dissertation则⽐较的书⾯化，它可以指经过⾃⾏专研和翻阅了⽆限的⽂献资料和数据之后，⾃⼰概括总结出的很详细的专题论⽂，或者学位论⽂，它有⾃⼰独⽴的研究系统和数据库。

其实在英式英语中，dissertation特指硕⼠的毕业论⽂，它的字数基本是在1万到2万之间，篇幅相对较长，但相对于博⼠论⽂来说，字数就相对⼩意思。

顺便⼀提，在美国英语⾥，博⼠论⽂也都可以叫thesis。

论文写作常用词汇

论文写作常用词汇一、导论部分在论文的导论部分，我们通常需要概述研究领域的背景，介绍研究目的和意义，并列举相关的研究现状和研究方法。

下面是一些常用于导论部分的词汇：1. 研究背景和研究领域：- Previous studies（以前的研究）- Existing research（现有研究）- Research gap（研究空白）- Research field（研究领域）- Theoretical framework（理论框架）- Research questions（研究问题）2. 研究目的和意义：- The purpose of this study（本研究的目的）- The significance of this research（本研究的意义）- Contribute to the existing literature（对现有文献做出贡献）- Fill the research gap（填补研究空白）3. 研究现状和研究方法：- A literature review（文献综述）- Empirical research（实证研究）- Qualitative analysis（定性分析）- Quantitative analysis（定量分析）- Data collection（数据收集）- Research methodology（研究方法）二、理论框架与文献综述在论文的理论框架与文献综述部分，我们通常需要介绍相关的理论框架，回顾已有的研究和文献。

下面是一些常用于该部分的词汇：1. 理论框架：- Theoretical framework（理论框架）- Conceptual framework（概念框架）- Hypothesis（假设）- Model（模型）- Variables（变量）2. 文献综述：- Review the literature（回顾文献）- Research studies（研究研究）- Scholarly articles（学术文章）- Empirical studies（实证研究）- Theoretical perspectives（理论观点）- Research findings（研究发现）- Research gaps（研究空白）三、研究方法与数据分析在论文的研究方法与数据分析部分，我们通常需要介绍研究的方法和技术，并进行数据分析和讨论。

论述英文名词

论述英文名词一般是指与论述相关的英文单词或短语，常见的一些包括：
1. Argument：论证，指提出理由或论据来支持某个观点或立场。

2. Thesis：论题，指需要论述的主题或问题。

3. Essay：论文，指对某个主题或问题的论述文章。

4. Discussion：讨论，指对某个主题或问题的深入分析和探讨。

5. Explanation：解释，指对某个概念、现象或原理的详细解释和阐述。

6. Proposal：建议，指对某个方案或项目的详细论述和提出。

7. Statement：声明，指对某个观点、立场或事实的陈述和阐述。

8. Paper：论文，指学术论文或研究报告，是对某个课题的研究和论述。

9. Speech：演讲，指对某个主题的演讲或报告，是对某个观点的阐述和表达。

以上是一些常见的英文论述名词，它们在不同场合下可以表示不同的含义，需要根据具体语境来理解。

【大学英语作文】学校学习生活研究常用词汇

学校学习常用词汇enrolment 注册selective/elective/option 选修课required course/compulsory course 必修课course arrangement 课程安排application form 申请表letter of recommendation 推荐信programme/program 某一专业的课程总称school 学院graduate school 研究生院undergraduate 本科 postgraduate 研究生school of Arts and Sciences 文理学院score 成绩 credit 学分degrees 学位assessment 对学生的学习情况进行评估handout 上课老师发的印刷品assignment 作业presentation 针对某一专题进行的发言project 需要学生进行独立钻研的课外课题internship/co-op program 实习paper/thesis/dissertation 论文/硕士论文/博士论文essay 短论文journal 周记/每周要做的作业participation 出勤lecture 老师的讲课tutorial 助教的辅导TA(Teaching Assistant) 助教office hour 教授与学生面谈的时间coordinator 课程协调人/班主任professor 教授associate professor副教授assistant professor 助理教授lecturer 讲师dean 系主任counselor 辅导老师adviser 导师mentor 导师president 校长chancellor 名誉校长faculty 教职员工的总称alumni 毕业生，校友学校生活常用词汇campus 校园common room （英）师生公用的休息室canteen 餐厅dining hall 食堂cafeteria 自助小餐厅accommodation 住宿dorm/dormitory 宿舍dormmate/roommate/flatmate/housemate 合租一间宿舍/公寓/房屋的人parking lot 停车场parking regulations 停车规定shopping mall 购物中心teaching building 教学楼/教室楼lecture theatre 大教室/阶梯教室administrating office/admin office 行政办公室laboratory/lab 实验室student union 学生会society 学生社团club 学生俱乐部campus job fairs 校园招聘会student account 银行中的学生帐户current account 现金帐户chequebook/checkbook 支票本withdraw cash 取钱deposit money in a bank 存钱学校课题研究常用词汇research 研究deadline 最后期限poll （民意）调查survey 调查hypothesis 假设statistics 统计statistically valid 统计学上有效的data/datum 数据investigation 调查quantitative 数量的/定量的significant difference 显著的差异interview 访谈respondents/interviewee 回答调查问题者/被访谈的人questionnaire 调查问卷multiple choice questions 选择题analyze/analyse data 分析数据results 结果conclusion 结论interpretation 解释/阐释opinion 观点。

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇汇总

SCI论文准备写作投稿技巧常用英文词汇汇总1. Introduction:- Abstract: 摘要- Literature review: 文献综述- Research question: 研究问题- Objectives: 目标- Significance: 重要性- Hypothesis: 假设2. Methodology:- Experimental design: 实验设计- Variables: 变量- Data collection: 数据收集- Sampling method: 抽样方法- Statistical analysis: 统计分析- Ethical considerations: 道德考虑3. Results:- Findings: 结果- Statistical significance: 统计显著性- Data interpretation: 数据解释- Figures and tables: 图表- Correlation analysis: 相关分析4. Discussion:- Interpretation: 解释- Limitations: 限制- Implications: 含义- Future research: 未来研究5. Conclusion:- Summary: 总结- Contributions: 贡献- Closing remarks: 结束语6. References:- In-text citations: 文中引用- Peer-reviewed journal: 同行评审的期刊7. Formatting:- Font size: 字体大小- Line spacing: 行间距- Margins: 边距- Title page: 标题页- Abstract word count: 摘要字数注：本回答主要列举了一些在科学论文写作中常用的词汇，但具体使用词汇还需根据文章的主题和内容进行选择。

常考的英语作文种类单词

常考的英语作文种类单词在英语写作中，掌握一些常见的作文种类及其相关词汇是非常重要的。

以下是一些常考的英语作文种类及其相关单词：1. 议论文 (Argumentative Essay)- Argument (论点)- Thesis statement (论点陈述)- Counterargument (反方观点)- Persuade (说服)- Evidence (证据)- Logical (逻辑的)2. 说明文 (Expository Essay)- Explain (解释)- Inform (通知)- Describe (描述)- Clarify (澄清)- Illustrate (举例说明)- Detail (细节)3. 叙述文 (Narrative Essay)- Story (故事)- Experience (经历)- Event (事件)- Character (人物)- Plot (情节)- Setting (背景)- Sensory details (感官细节)- Imagery (意象)- Vivid (生动的)- Metaphor (隐喻)- Simile (比喻)- Tone (语气)5. 比较和对比文 (Compare and Contrast Essay) - Similarities (相似之处)- Differences (不同之处)- Analogy (类比)- Contrast (对比)- Corresponding (相应的)6. 因果文 (Cause and Effect Essay)- Cause (原因)- Effect (效果)- Consequence (后果)- Factor (因素)- Influence (影响)- Result (结果)7. 过程分析文 (Process Analysis Essay)- Procedure (程序)- Step (步骤)- Method (方法)- Instruction (指导)- Sequence (顺序)- Technique (技术)- Define (定义)- Term (术语)- Classify (分类)- Characteristic (特征) - Instance (例子)- Synonym (同义词)9. 评价文 (Evaluation Essay) - Judge (判断)- Criteria (标准)- Quality (质量)- Value (价值)- Merit (优点)- Shortcoming (缺点)10. 信件 (Letter)- Address (地址)- Salutation (称呼)- Body (正文)- Closing (结尾)- Signature (签名)- Formal (正式的)11. 报告 (Report)- Research (研究)- Findings (发现)- Data (数据)- Summary (总结)- Recommendation (建议) - Objective (客观的)12. 摘要 (Summary)- Condense (浓缩)- Main points (主要点)- Brief (简短的)- Synthesize (综合)- Paraphrase (改写)这些作文种类及其相关词汇是英语写作中的基础，掌握它们可以帮助你更好地理解和构建你的作文。

essay常用句型

essay常用句型在写作中，使用恰当的句型能够提升文章的表达效果，使文章更加连贯流畅。

下面是一些常用句型，可以帮助你增强文章的表达能力。

1. 引出观点- There is no doubt that...（毫无疑问）- It is widely believed that...（广泛认为）- Many people argue that...（很多人认为）- It is commonly accepted that...（普遍认为）- It goes without saying that...（不言而喻）2. 给出事实或数据- According to statistics...（根据统计数据）- Research has shown that...（研究表明）- It has been proven that...（已被证明）- The evidence suggests that...（证据表明）3. 表示对比- On the one hand... on the other hand...（一方面...另一方面）- Although...（虽然）- Despite this...（尽管如此）- However, ...（然而）- In contrast to...（与...相比）4. 表示因果关系- As a result...（因此）- Therefore...（因此）- Consequently...（因此）- Thus...（因此）- Due to...（由于）5. 提出建议或解决方案- In order to...（为了）- It is suggested that...（建议）- One possible solution would be to...（一个可能的解决方案是）- A good approach to this problem is...（解决这个问题的好办法是）6. 总结观点- In conclusion...（总之）- All in all...（总体来说）- To sum up...（总结）- Taking everything into consideration...（考虑到一切）7. 表示对比优缺点- The advantages of... outweigh the disadvantages.（...的优势大于缺点）- Despite its drawbacks, ...（尽管它有缺点）- However, its benefits should not be ignored.（然而，好处不能被忽视）- On the positive/negative side...（从积极/消极的一面来看）8. 表达个人观点- From my own perspective...（根据我的观点）- I am of the opinion that...（我认为）- I strongly believe that...（我坚信）- It seems to me that...（在我看来）以上是一些常用句型，可以帮助你在写作过程中丰富语言表达，使文章更具逻辑性和连贯性。

谈论作文的英文短语

谈论作文的英文短语当谈论作文时，使用一些常见的英文短语可以使你的文章更加生动和流畅。

以下是一些你可以在讨论作文时使用的短语：1. Introduction（介绍）:"In this essay, I aim to...""The purpose of this paper is to...""This essay will explore...""The focus of this essay is on..."2. Outlining the structure（概述结构）:"Firstly, let's consider...""The essay will be divided into...""To begin with...""The paper will analyze..."3. Presenting arguments（呈现论点）:"One argument in favor of this is...""It can be argued that...""Moreover, it is important to note that...""On the other hand, some may argue that..."4. Providing evidence and examples（提供证据和例子）: "For instance,...""To illustrate this point,...""Research has shown that...""A compelling example of this is..."5. Transitioning between ideas（过渡）: "Moving on to the next point,...""Now, let's turn our attention to..." "With regards to...""Having discussed that,..."6. Summarizing（总结）:"In conclusion,...""To sum up,...""Overall,...""To summarize the main points,..."7. Expressing opinions（表达观点）:"In my opinion,...""I believe that...""It seems to me that...""From my perspective,..."8. Adding emphasis（强调）:"It is essential to remember that..." "This cannot be overstated...""It is worth noting that...""Of particular importance is..."9. Providing recommendations（提供建议）:"One possible solution is to...""It would be advisable to...""In light of these findings, it is recommended that...""To address this issue, it is suggested that..."10. Concluding remarks（结束语）:"To conclude,...""In closing,...""Finally,...""In summary,..."这些短语可以帮助你在讨论作文时更清晰地表达你的想法和观点，使你的文章更具逻辑性和连贯性。