医学英语大三册下Unit 3 The Urinary System

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基础医学英语知到章节答案智慧树2023年潍坊医学院

基础医学英语知到章节测试答案智慧树2023年最新潍坊医学院绪论单元测试1.Medical English is very important to the university students. （）参考答案:对第一章测试1.The skin is the first defense line of the human body. （）参考答案:对2.White blood cells are the second defense line of the human body. （）参考答案:错3.Macrophages can eat the bacteria only. （）参考答案:错4.Antigens can be identified by T cells at first. （）参考答案:错5.Antibodies can destroy the foreign bodies. （）参考答案:错6.The external threats to the human body include living things and ____.参考答案:null7.Dendritic cells have many ____.参考答案:null8.Antibodies include IgM, IgA, IgG, IgD and ____.参考答案:null9.Helper T cells can bind to the dendritic cells and ____.参考答案:null10.The complement system can be activated by combination of antibody and____.参考答案:null第二章测试1.Bones are made up of two types of tissue — compact bone and cancellous orspongy bone.（）参考答案:对2.Bone marrow is found in almost all bones where compact bone is present.（）参考答案:错3.Involuntary muscles are the muscles that can be controlled consciously.（）参考答案:错4.Saddle joint permits movement back and forth and from side to side, andallows rotation.（）参考答案:错5.Bone remodeling is the replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.（）参考答案:对6.____ bone is the solid, hard, outside part of the bone. It looks like ivory and isextremely strong.参考答案:null7.Bone marrow is found in almost all bones where ____ bone is present.参考答案:null8.Cardiac muscle is an ____ type of muscle and its rhythmic, powerfulcontractions force blood out of the heart as it beats.参考答案:null9.Condyloid joint permits movement ____ rotation, such as in the jaw or fingerjoints.参考答案:null10.The fibrocarti'laginous callus is converted into a bony callus of ____ bone.参考答案:null第三章测试1.The left and right halves of the heart are connected from each other. （）参考答案:错2.The valves of the heart keep blood flowing in the correct direction，preventing the backward flow of blood. （）参考答案:对3.Veins can be categorized into four main types: pulmonary, systemic,superficial, and deep veins. （）参考答案:对4.Blood is a constantly circulating fluid. It can provide the body with nutrition,oxygen, and waste removal. （）参考答案:对5.The pulmonary circulation carries oxygenated blood from the heart to all thetissues in the body except the lungs and returns deoxygenated blood carrying waste products （）参考答案:错6.The heart has four valves. These valves include the ____, tricuspid valve, ____and aortic valve.参考答案:null7.One complete heartbeat is made up of two phases: ____ and ____.参考答案:null8.____ are the blood vessels that deliver oxygen-rich blood from the heart to thetissues of the body.参考答案:null9.There are five types of white blood cells— neutrophils, lymphocytes, ____,eosinophils, and ____.参考答案:null10.There are two different systems of circulation: ____ and ____.参考答案:null第四章测试1.Oxygen in the air moves from the lungs through blood vessels to the heart,which pumps the oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body.（）参考答案:对2.The lungs are protected by the rib cage, which is made up of 12 ribs.（）参考答案:错3.The primary function of the trachea is to transport air to and from the lungs.（）参考答案:对4.The secondary bronchi link the trachea to the left and right lungs.（）参考答案:错5.Respiration is the most basic and necessary activity performed by the bodiesof living organisms to survive in this world.（）参考答案:对6.The first phase of respiration begins with breathing in, or ____.参考答案:null7.The ____ blood cells attack any disease-causing organisms that escape thehairs, cilia, and mucus of the nasal passages and pharynx.参考答案:null8.At the end of each bronchiole is a special area that leads into clumps of teenytiny air sacs called ____.参考答案:null9.The ____ supplied by one segmental bronchus defines the anatomical limits ofa bronchopulmonary segment.参考答案:null10.____ segments have the apex of the pyramid in the hilum whence they receivea tertiary bronchus, and appropriate blood vessels.参考答案:null第五章测试1.The taste receptor cells send information to the gustatory areas of the brainvia the seventh, ninth and tenth cranial nerves.（）参考答案:对2.As food reaches the end of the esophagus, it enters the stomach through thepyloric sphincter. （）参考答案:错3.The ileum is the last and shortest part of the small intestine. （）参考答案:错4.External anal sphincter, is controlled by involuntary muscles. （）参考答案:错5.The liver is the largest gland in the body. （）参考答案:对6.There are four groups of tonsils. They are ____, ____, ____, ____参考答案:null7.The stomach produces digestive juices called ____.参考答案:null8.The small intestine is divided into three parts, ____, ____and ____.参考答案:null9.The large intestine is made up of five main parts: ____, ____, ____, the anal canaland the anus.参考答案:null10.Bile contains bile salts and ____, which emulsify large lipid globules into tinylipid droplets.参考答案:null第六章测试1.The only difference between the female and male urinary system is thelength of the urethra. （）参考答案:对2.The primary organs of the urinary system are the ureters. （）参考答案:错3.Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal vein and exits through therenal artery. （）参考答案:错4.The filtrate absorbed in the glomerulus flows through the renal tubule,where nutrients and water are reabsorbed into capillaries. （）参考答案:对5.The location of bladder is different between in men and in women. （）参考答案:对6.The organs of the urinary system include the ____, renal pelvis, ureters,bladder and ____.参考答案:null7.The kidneys have three basic mechanisms for separating the variouscomponents of the blood: ____, ____, and secretion.参考答案:null8.The kidneys are two ____ organs, each about the size of a fist.参考答案:null9.____ filters water and small solutes out of the bloodstream.参考答案:null10.Like the stomach, the human bladder is a ____ organ that expands andcontracts when emptying.参考答案:null第七章测试1.The fallopian tube is the female reproductive organ that provides a place tosupport a developing human. ( )参考答案:错2.Menstrual Cycle is a monthly series of hormone-controlled changes thatprepare the uterine lining for pregnancy. ( )参考答案:对3.The vagina is the female reproductive organ that produces eggs and thehormones estrogen and progesterone. ( )参考答案:错4.Testosterone produced by the testes cause bodily changes during malepuberty. （）参考答案:对5.Implantation is a process in which sperm-laden semen leaves the male body.( )参考答案:错6.The egg's path begins in the ____参考答案:null7.The female external reproductive organs include____，____, ____，____,structures associated with____null8.____ is responsible for the maturation of sperm.参考答案:null9. A major male sex organ that produces and stores sperm is called the ____.参考答案:null10.The tiny male cell that unites with the female ovum to form a fertilized egg orzygote is called the ____.参考答案:null第八章测试1.Sympathetic is when your heart rate and blood pressure increases, alongwith respiratory rate and your pupils dilates and causes sweating, associated with flight or fight response. ( )参考答案:对2.Parasympathetic increase heart rate and respiration rate and sweating. ( )错3.Brain stem is in charge of involuntary actions such as breathing and heartbeat. ( )参考答案:对4.The vermis of the cerebellum connects the hemispheres of it together. ( )参考答案:对5.Both the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by three layers of protectivecovering called meninges. ( )参考答案:对6.Specialized cells that carry impulses are called ____.参考答案:null7.____ of cerebral cortex regulates voluntary muscle , muscle movements, basicintelligence, personality.参考答案:null8.____ and ____ are the two divisions of the nervous system.参考答案:null9.The brain consists of three major divisions____ , ____, and ____.参考答案:null10.The brainstem is divided into three sections in humans: ____ , ____, and ____.参考答案:null第九章测试1.The adrenal gland are on top of the kidneys.（）参考答案:对2.In females, gonadotropins target the uterus, while in males, gonadotropinstarget the testes. （）参考答案:错3.TSH stimulates release of thyroid hormones. （）参考答案:对4.To produce thyroid hormones, the thyroid gland needs iodine. （）参考答案:错5.There are four tiny parathyroid glands that are attached to the thyroid glandon each side. （）参考答案:对6.The hypothalamus releases various kinds of hormones to control the ____gland.参考答案:null7.The hormone ____, released by the pituitary, activates milk production inwomen who are breastfeeding.参考答案:null8.During childhood, an abnormal overproduction of growth hormone canresult in ____.参考答案:null9.PTH regulates the level of ____ in the blood with the help of calcitonin.参考答案:null10.Each adrenal gland has two layers, the outer layer is ____ and an inner layer is____.参考答案:null第十章测试1.Homeostasis requires the organs to be able to detect changes in theenvironment and to control them.（）参考答案:对2.Positive feedback is good for you and negative feedback is bad for you.（）参考答案:错3.Your blood sugar levels are carefully regulated by a positive feedback loop.（）参考答案:错4.The relationship between potassium intake from diet and excretiondetermines external balance.（）参考答案:对5.Sodium accounts for 5 to 10 percent of the concentration of the extracellularfluid.（）参考答案:错6.Homeostasis in living organisms involves expending energy in order tomaintain a position in a dynamic.，____.参考答案:null7.There are two types of feedback mechanisms, ____ feedback and ____ feedback.参考答案:null8.Blood sugar levels is a ____ feedback loop, that keeps those levels steady.参考答案:null9.Glucose molecules can also be linked together into a long chain called ____stored within cells.参考答案:null10.The total body water is distributed into two fluid parts, the extracellularfluid(____)and the intracellular fluid(____).参考答案:null。

护理专业英语翻译

心脏负责运输血液到全身。通过细胞的呼吸作用，细胞消耗氧气并产生二氧化碳。血液离开组织时比达到组织时氧气更低，二氧化碳更高。低氧，高二氧化碳浓度的血液被称为静脉血或无氧血。它通过静脉回到心脏右边，并且被泵到吸收氧气并释放二氧化碳的肺内。这些有着高氧，低二氧化碳浓度的血液被称为动脉血或被氧化血。它回到心脏的左边，在心脏的左边被泵到那些释放氧气到细胞并吸收二氧化碳的组织。
01
02
喉，恰当的称为“语音盒”，位于气管的上方，起着把气管与咽连接起来的作用。
1
气管，是一根12cm长的软骨，是食道前从喉下降到细支气管的圆柱形管道。它的直径大约2cm，同其它呼吸管道一样，气管表面覆盖着纤毛上皮细胞。气管使空气进入肺部，在这一过程中通过它粘膜层的纤毛过滤温暖湿润。在第五胸椎的水平，气管被划分为支气管，右边比左边的更短，粗，直。随着支气管被再细分为越来越小的结构，它逐渐丢失了软骨和纤维组织直到最后仅留下极薄层的平滑肌和弹性纤维组成的细支气管。
02
石膏使骨头不能移动所以可以减少疼痛并使骨头愈合的更好。当一个石膏被放上的时候，一个袜子状的东西被放在你受伤的胳膊或腿上。然后一个柔软纯棉材质被覆盖垫在你的皮肤上。然后温玻璃纤维或煅石膏被覆盖在上面，当它被放上的时候就会开始感觉到温热。在5-10分钟内它会变硬并固定。在石膏被运用之后，它需要被干燥。煅石膏需要在24~28小时后才能干。一个干燥的煅石膏是无味，白色且发亮的。一个湿石膏是灰色的，冰凉的且有霉味的。以下是应用石膏护理的规则：
大多数的头痛并不是由严重的中枢神经系统问题引起的。跟随者头痛的疼痛可因跳痛或戳痛不同而不同，比如偏头痛，严重的疼痛停几天又发作几天的间歇性，比如群集性疼痛。头痛经常由鼻窦，头皮，或头部周围的肌肉的问题引起。
神经护理是一个有吸引力的领域。在这个领域里护士有利用他一切观察能力的机会。他是帮助诊断制定患者治疗方案的重要信息来源。通过乐观，护理能力和把病人当人来对待，护士可以帮助患者及其家庭缓解许多困难。当认识到一个人的行为和个性深受大脑器质性病变影响，就会较少的倾向于认为患者是一个不合作的坏脾气病人。相反的，他成为一个需要帮助和理解的人。他可能无法控制他的反应，护士肯定了解这一点。

医学英语 ME图表 (1)

Female Reproductive System
uterine tube ovary fimbriae uterus cervix bladder
urethra clitoris l. minora l. majora
vagina
MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
• Human Nervous System:
– 31 pairs of spinal nerves
• Divided into cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral levels
– Spinal nerves impose segmentation; actual cord consists of columns of cells – Innervation of body is segmented (dermatomes)
7.Neuromuscular junction
8.Muscle
1.Frontal lobe 2.Parietal lobe 3.Occipital lobe 4.Temporal lobe 5.pons 6.Medulla oblongata
7.Spinal cord
8.Cerebellum
Effector Gray matter Interneuron Motor neuron receptor Cell body Central canal Dorsal horn Dorsal root Dorsal ganglion Sensory neuron Spinal nerve Ventral horn Ventral root White matter

基础医学英语_Fundamental_Unit_3-文档资料

Fundamental Medical English
《基础医学英语》
中国海洋大学出版社
任课教师：山东大学戈立
geli@
Teaching Set-up
This course is conducted on a one-unit-a week basis preceded by a general introduction to medical English in the first week of the school term.
1. Word Formation 2. Group Discussion 3. Background Knowledge 4. Understanding the Text 5. Assignment
Unit 3 The Nervous System
Word Formation
neur/o- 神经 ( neuron, neurofibril )
pre- 在前 post ganglionic ) enter/o- 肠 ( enteric ) dendr/o-, dendri- 树 ( dendritic ) axo- 轴, 轴突 ( axon )
medull/o 髓质 ( medulla ) cyt/o, -cyte 细胞 ( cytoplasm ) mito- 线 ( mitochondrial ) -ule (使小后缀) ( spinule, tubule )
necle/o 核
( nucleus )
gangli/o-, ganglion/o- 神经节
( ganglia )
gli/o- 胶, 胶质 ( neuroglia )
peri- 周, 周围 ( peripheral )

实用医学英语教程练习答案及译文 2

KeyUnit 1 IntroductionPart OneSituational Dialogues1. Hello; Please call; nurse; How can2. Hello; What’s your problem; please call; am nurse ; Can I help you.Part TwoText AI. 1. antibodies 2. accessory 3. tactile 4. skeleton system 5. exhale6. evaporation7. cartilage8. Striated muscles9. ova 10. residues II. 1. cardiovascular diseases 2. function of the pituitary 3. the urinary tract4. molecules5. artery6. endocrinology7. dyspnea/difficulty in respiration8. saliva 9. histology 10. blood circulation 11. hematology 12. physiology13. anatomy 14. the female reproductive system 15. nervous cells16. immunology 17. indigestion/ poor in digestion 18. voluntary muscle19. embryology 20. psychologyText BI. 1. endemic disease 2. provoked, addiction 3. succumb to 4. ward off5. mental retardation6. An acute disease7. susceptible to8. potential , assumes9. epidemic diseaseII. 1. to impair proper function 2. to contaminate the environment3. malfunction4. causative agent5. vulnerable groups6. localized infection7. venereal disease 8. antigen and antibodyUnit 2 The skeletal SystemPart OneSituational Dialoguesproblems; pain; buttock ; X-ray ; mobilePart TwoText AI. I. Text Comprehension1. The skeletal system is composed of various types of connective tissue, including bone and cartilage.2. The skeletal system have four basic functions. They are support, protection, movement, Mineral storage and blood cell production.3. calcium and phosphorus4. In males, calcium loss typically does not begin until after age 60.5. Because age on the skeletal system is decrease in the rate of protein formation that results in a decreased ability to produce the organic portion of bone matrix. As a consequence, bone matrix accumulates a lesser proportion of organic matrix and a greater proportion of inorganic matrix. In some elderly individuals, this process can cause their bones to become quite brittle and more susceptible to fracture.II. Vocabulary1. C2.B3.D4.A5.BText BI. I. Text Comprehension1.Rheumatoid arthritis is an inflammatory disease of the tissue lining the joints.2.Young children, as well as grown men and women, may suffer from it.3.He has swelling, redness, heat and pain in one or more joints.4.In older adults, the disease is usually of long standing, and varying degree of deformity andpermanent damage.boratory examination, X-ray films and biopsy.I.Word Formation1. 关节风湿病风湿病学家风湿痛风湿（性）致风湿病的风湿病风湿病样的风湿性硬化风湿疹2. 关节水肿骨关节炎滑膜关节膜炎骨关节病滑膜瘤关节病骨癌成滑膜细胞关节镜骨细胞产生滑液的关节切除术切骨术滑膜炎II.TranslationA. 1. Rheumation arthritis is a chronic and general disease, the cause of which is not certain.2. The joints of the patient with rheumatoid arthritis are usually swollen and painful.3. As the disease progresses, joint pain and swelling increase and muscular stiffnessbecomes even more marked.4. In joints which have been immobilized by pain and muscular spasm, fibrous or bonyankylosis may take place.5. In more advanced cases pain and muscle spasm give rise to flexion deformities in theaffected joints.B. Rheumatoid arthritis is a poly-articular affection, often bilateral and symmetrical, mostcommonly involving the metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the hands and the smaller joints generally. The wrist, ankle, shoulder, and the temporomandibular joints are also subject to the disease.Part ThreeWriting Skills1. 判断下列标题的书写格式是否正确，并将错误的标题改正。

医学英语泌尿系统

– Pyramid肾椎体(8-12) – Minor calyx肾小盏(2-3) – Major calyx肾大盏(2-3)
• Renal pelvis • Renal column肾柱
The kidney
• The unit of the kidney:
– Each kidney consists of approximately 1 million nephrons肾单位, which span the cortex and medulla.
How is the urine formed in kidney?
• Reabsorption is the movement of substances (water, glucose，other nutrients, Na+ and other ions) out of the renal tubules back into the blood. • Secretion is the process by which substances (H+, K+, ammonia, and certain drugs) move into the distal and collecting tubules from blood. • Urea, together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and out of the kidney.
a glomerulus
• nephron
a renal corpuscle 肾小体 a Bowman’s
capsule

医学英语新教程-习题参考答案Unit 3

Unit ThreeThe Cardiovascular SystemSection A1—e 2—h 3—b 4—c 5—d 6—g7—l 8—j 9—k 10—i 11—a 12—fSection BPassage 1I. Reading Comprehension1.What’s the distinction between the blood from atria to ventricles and that fromventricles to atria?Most blood flows passively from atria to ventricles, but all blood to the arteries is actively pumped by the ventricles.2.Could you describe the variations of the heart rate of a healthy adult and aninfant?At different age and state, people have different heart rate. A healthy adult has a resting heart rate of 60 to 80 beats per minute; a child’s normal heart rate may be as high as 100 beats per minute, that of an infant as high as 120, and that of a near-term fetus as high as 140 beats per minute. The heartbeat of athletes is from35 to 50, which is much lower compared with the average heart rate.3.How is the cardiac output related to physical exercise?Heart rate increases during exercise, and so does stroke volume. The more the cardiac muscle fibers are stretched, the more forcefully they contract. During exercise, more blood returns to the heart; this increased venous return stretches the myocardium of the ventricles, which contract more forcefully and pump more blood, thereby increasing stroke volume. The exercise cardiac output is twice the resting cardiac output. The cardiac output of a healthy young person may increase up to four times the resting level during strenuous exercise. The marathon runner’s cardiac output may increase six times or more compared to the resting level; this is the result of the marathoner’s extremely efficient heart.4.How are heart sounds produced?The first sound is created by the closure of the A V valves during ventricular systole; the second sound is created by closure of the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves. Improper closing of a valve results in a heart murmur.5—D 6—A 7—B 8—A 9—D 10—BII. Vocabulary StudyPart A1—nicotine 2—contractions 3—myocardium 4—pulmonary 5—arrhythmia 6—Ventricular 7—diastole 8—fibrillation9—systole 10—membranePart B1—simultaneous 2—accumulated 3—coordinate 4—consistency 5—Spontaneous 6—acceleration 7—strategies 8—strenuously 9—distinctive 10—specializedIII. TranslationPart A1.Ventricular contraction forces blood against the flaps of the right and left A Vvalves and closes them; the force of blood also opens the aortic and pulmonary semilunar valves.心室收缩使血液施压于左右房室瓣并使其关闭；血液的压力也使主动脉半月瓣和肺动脉半月瓣打开。

(完整版)医学专业英语翻译与答案

Chapter 1Passage 1 Human BodyIn this passage you will learn:1. Classification of organ systems2. Structure and function of each organ system3. Associated medical termsTo understand the human body it is necessary to understand how its parts are put together and how they function. The study of the body's structure is called anatomy; thestudy of the body's function is known as physiology. Other studies of human body include biology, cytology, embryology, histology, endocrinology, hematology, immunology, psychology etc.了解人体各部分的组成及其功能，对于认识人体是必需的。

研究人体结构的科学叫解剖学；研究人体功能的科学叫生理学。

其他研究人体的科学包括生物学、细胞学、胚胎学、组织学、内分泌学、血液学、遗传学、免疫学、心理学等等。

Anatomists find it useful to divide the human body into ten systems, that is, the skeletal system, the muscular system, the circulatory system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the urinary system, the endocrine system, the nervous system, the reproductive system and the skin. The principal parts of each of these systems are described in this article.解剖学家发现把整个人体分成骨骼、肌肉、循环、呼吸、消化、泌尿、内分泌、神经、生殖系统以及感觉器官的做法是很有帮助的。

医学英语复习

【课文翻译】《Antibiotic Resistance》1.In the past we have managed to develop new antibiotics to replace those that had become ineffective，but that has changed now that some bacteria have become resistant to all available drug treatments.过去，我们一直努力开发新的抗生素，来取代那些已经无效的抗生素。

然而，现在这种情况变了，这是因为有些细菌已对现有的抗菌素治疗都产生了抗药性。

2.We are safe while these bacteria remain sensitive to erythromycin or tetracycline but，given the experience with their hospital-based cousins，it will only be a matter of time before these become ineffective too.当这些细菌还对红霉素或四环素敏感时，我们是安全的，但鉴于我们对它们那些在医院的同类的经验得知，这些抗菌素变得无效也只是时间问题了。

3.In the US，outbreaks of multi-resistant strains have occurred in both health settings and prisons，causing the deaths of many who came into contact with the original infected person.在美国，广泛耐药性的菌属已出现在医疗保健场所和监狱，导致许多及感染者接触的人员死亡。

4.Antibiotics have made a huge difference to this condition，butwe are now getting to the stage where we no longer have effective and proven therapy that works against some of these higher level resistance strains.抗生素使这种状况大为改变，但是我们现在正在回到这种状态，即再也没有有效治疗对付那些高耐药性的细菌感染了。

医学英语大三册下Unit 2 The Nervous System

gnos-
knowledge
diagnosis诊断
prognosis预后
kin(o)-
kines(o)-
kinet(o)-
movement
kinase激酶
kinesiotherapy运动疗法
dyskinetic运动障碍的
esthesi(o)-
feeling
sensation
akinesthesia运动觉缺失
spinal cord
myeloencephalitis脑脊髓romyelocyte前髓细胞
ax(o)-
axi(o)-
axon
axolysis轴突分解
polyaxonic多轴突的
subaxial轴下的
cephal(o)-
head
cephalocentesis头颅穿刺术
ganglioglioneuroma神经节胶质神经瘤
gli(o)-
glia
glial胶质的
gliosarcoma胶质肉瘤
thalam(o)-
thalamus
thalamotomy丘脑切开术
hypothalamus下丘脑
pont(o)-
pons
ponticular小桥的
cerebropontile大脑脑桥的
bradyesthesia感觉迟钝
anesthesia感觉缺失，麻醉
sthen(o)-
strength
sthenometry体力测量法
asthenia无力，衰弱
myasthenia肌无力，肌衰弱
phren(o)-
diaphragm
mind
phrenalgia膈痛
paraphrenitis膈周炎

医学英语：单项选择题带答案20题

1. What is the medical term for an abnormal cell growth?A. NecrosisB. NeoplasmC. TumorD. CancerAnswer: D. Cancer2. What is the medical term for a surgical procedure to remove a tumor?A. BiopsyB. ExcisionC. ResectionD. AblationAnswer: C. Resection3. What is the medical term for the study of the structure and function of the body?A. PathologyB. AnatomyC. PhysiologyD. PharmacologyAnswer: B. Anatomy4. What is the medical term for a doctor who specializes in the care of pregnant women?A. OncologistB. GynecologistC. ObstetricianD. CardiologistAnswer: C. Obstetrician5. What is the medical term for a procedure to examine the inside of the body with a camera?A. UltrasoundB. LaparoscopyC. EndoscopyD. RadiographyAnswer: C. Endoscopy6. What is the medical term for a disease caused by a virus?A. Bacterial infectionB. Viral infectionC. Parasitic infectionD. Fungal infection Answer: B. Viral infection7. What is the medical term for an inflammation of the lungs?A. BronchitisB. AsthmaC. PneumoniaD. EmphysemaAnswer: C. Pneumonia8. What is the medical term for a doctor who specializes in the care of the eyes?A. OphthalmologistB. OptometristC. AudiologistD. Dermatologist Answer: A. Ophthalmologist9. What is the medical term for a disease caused by a parasite?A. Bacterial infectionB. Viral infectionC. Parasitic infectionD. Fungal infection Answer: C. Parasitic infection10. What is the medical term for a procedure to treat a fracture?A. ReductionB. AmputationC. ExcisionD. AblationAnswer: A. Reduction11. What is the meaning of the medical term "abdomen"?A. The chestB. The lower backC. The area between the chest and the hipsD. The area between the ribs and the hips Answer: D. The area between the ribs and the hips12. What is the meaning of the medical term "cardiovascular"?A. The heart and lungsB. The heart and blood vesselsC. The brain and blood vesselsD. The brain and lungsAnswer: B. The heart and blood vessels13. What is the meaning of the medical term "hematology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the bonesAnswer: C. The study of the blood14. What is the meaning of the medical term "pulmonary"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the lungsAnswer: D. The study of the lungs15. What is the meaning of the medical term "neurology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the bonesAnswer: B. The study of the brain16. What is the meaning of the medical term "orthopedics"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the bonesAnswer: D. The study of the bones17. What is the meaning of the medical term "dermatology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the skinAnswer: D. The study of the skin18. What is the meaning of the medical term "ophthalmology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the eyesAnswer: D. The study of the eyes19. What is the meaning of the medical term "urology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the urinary system Answer: D. The study of the urinary system20. What is the meaning of the medical term "endocrinology"?A. The study of the heartB. The study of the brainC. The study of the bloodD. The study of the endocrine system Answer: D. The study of the endocrine system。

基医专外学-Urinary System-文档资料64页

Professional english of medicine
Urinary System
1
The Urinary System is a group of organs in the body concerned with filtering out excess fluid and other substances from the bloodstream. The principal function of the urinary system is to maintain the volume and composition of body fluids within normal limits.
19
The kidneys also secrete erythropoietin, which stimulates red blood cell production. The Vitamin D from the skin is also activated with help from the kidneys.
at the rear wall of the abdominal
cavity just above the waistline,
and are protected by the
ribcage. They lie behind the
peritoneum.
23
There are three major regions of the kidney, cortex, medulla and the renal pelvis. The outer, granulated layer is the renal cortex. The cortex stretches down in between a radially striated inner layer.

泌尿系统(The Urinary System)

输尿管间襞
输尿管口之间的横行皱襞,是膀胱镜检时寻找输尿管口的标志
Байду номын сангаас
Interperitoneal viscera
女性尿道相对短、直、宽
泌尿系统
The Urinary System
组成:肾、
输尿管、膀胱尿道
功能:
1、排出机体内溶于水的代谢产物
2、维持内环境稳定，调节酸碱、水电解质平衡
Kidney 肾
一、形态二、结构三、被膜四、位置五、肾段
一、形态肾门、肾蒂、肾窦
二、结构
肾皮质
肾柱
肾髓质
肾锥体: 15~20 肾乳头乳头孔
移植肾的输尿管与受肾者膀胱或输尿管吻合
输尿管 Ureter
一、分段腹段盆段壁内段
二、狭窄 1、肾盂与输尿管移行处； 2、与髂血管交叉处； 3、壁内段。
腹段盆段壁内段
膀胱
形状：尖、底、体、颈结构：黏膜、肌层、外膜功能：储存尿液
膀胱三角
无论膀胱充盈还是空虚时均平滑的三角区域位于输尿管口和尿道内口之间是肿瘤和结核好发部位
肾区
肾移植 kidney transplantation
1954年美国医生Murry第一例肾移植成功,并因此贡献于1990年获Nobel医学和生理学奖
肾移植是将供肾者一个功能完好的肾，通过手术的方法，植入患有肾脏疾病末期且其它治疗均不能治愈的患者（受肾者）体内，俗称“换肾”
它不需要置换原来的肾脏，而是将新肾植入患者的髂窝部，将移植肾的动脉与受肾者髂内动脉或髂外动脉吻合，移植肾的静脉与受肾者髂外静脉吻合
肾小盏 (7~8) 肾大盏 (2~3) 肾盂

基础医学英语A翻译 (7)

第七单元Text A成人尿路感染尿路感染是一个严重的健康问题，每年影响数百万人。

泌尿道感染是人体第二大最常见类型的感染。

每年因尿路感染（UTIs ）就医的人数约为830万人。

妇女尤其容易感染UTIs，但原因尚不清楚。

20％的女性会患尿路感染。

男子的发病率不如女性高，但一旦发病会很严重。

泌尿系统由肾脏﹑输尿管﹑膀胱和尿道组成。

系统中关键要素是肾脏，位于背部中间肋骨下方的一对深紫色器官。

肾脏以尿液的形式消除血液中过剩的液体和废物，保持血液中盐和其它物质相对的稳定和平衡，产生促使红血球生成的激素。

称为输尿管的窄管把尿液从肾脏导到膀胱，一个位于下腹袋子状的器官。

尿液储存在膀胱里并通过尿道排空。

成人平均每天排尿量为1.5夸脱（大约1500毫升）。

但尿量不尽相同，这取决于人消耗的食物和水。

夜间形成的尿量只有白天的一半左右。

尿路感染的原因尿液通常是无菌的，一般不含细菌、病毒和真菌，但含有液体、盐和废物。

有些微生物，通常是从消化道进入的细菌，聚集在尿道，并开始繁殖，就会引发感染。

尿道是将尿液从膀胱排除体外的管道。

大部分感染是由大肠杆菌引起的，通常生活在结肠。

通常情况下，细菌首先进入尿道。

当细菌繁殖，感染就可能发生。

如果感染只限于尿道，就是尿道炎。

如果细菌转移到膀胱并且繁殖，引起膀胱感染，则是膀胱炎。

如果感染不及时治疗，细菌可能进一步进入输尿管繁殖导致肾脏感染。

肾脏感染是所谓的肾盂肾炎。

称为衣原体和支原体的微生物也可能导致男性和妇女的尿路感染，但这些感染往往只限于尿道和生殖系统。

与大肠杆菌不同，衣原体和支原体可通过性传播。

泌尿系统的结构有助于抵御感染。

输尿管和膀胱，防止尿液回流到肾脏而且从膀胱流出的尿液有助于清除体内的细菌。

男性的前列腺产生的分泌物使细菌生长缓慢；男性和女性的免疫系统都可以防止感染。

尽管如此，感染仍会发生。

危险人群有些人比其他人更容易得尿路感染。

任何阻碍尿液流动的尿道异常（例如，肾结石）都有可能诱发感染。

医学英语单词

the musculoskeletal system 肌肉骨骼系统的components of组件consist of 由the skeletal system骨骼系统the muscular system肌肉发达的系统skeletal muscle骨骼肌visceral muscle发自内心的肌肉,cardiac muscle心脏肌肉the cardiovascular system心血管系统the digestive tract消化道the digestive system消化系统connective tissue结缔组织be transmitted by被通过be subjected to受be subject to被服从the musculoskeletal components他引起的部件the locomotor system这个运动系统the nervous system他的神经系统nerve impulses 神经冲动,the autonomic nervous systems 自主神经系统the central nervous system 中枢神经系统the peripheral nervous systems 周边神经系统the release of 释放neurons 神经元neuroglia 神经胶质dendrites 树突the axon 轴突the cell body身体的细胞the cerebral cortex大脑皮层the sympathetic nervous system交感神经系统the parasympathetic nervous system这个副交感神经系统the brain stem脑干visceral organs内脏器官autonomic ganglia自主中枢the enteric nervous system生长的神经系统the gastrointestinal tract在消化道the circulatory system循环系统the right atrium右心房the left ventricle左心室增大deoxygenated bloodoxygenated blood血氧consists of由red blood cells红细胞white blood cells白细胞platelets血小板connective tissue结缔组织the systemic circulation 血液循环the pulmonary circulation这个肺循环the respiratory system呼吸系统transportation of运输,the digestive system消化系统the endocrine system内分泌系统the respiratory system 呼吸系统be composed of组成oxygen氧气nitrogen 氮carbon dioxide二氧化碳the upper respiratory tract 呼吸道疾病the lower respiratory tract下呼吸道的the nasal cavity鼻腔the pharynx 咽the epiglottisthe larynx 喉头the trachea气管the vocal cords 声带the thoracic cavity 胸洞the diaphragm隔膜contain包含the respiratory center 呼吸的中心asthma 哮喘coughing 咳嗽时wheezing 哮喘chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 慢性阻塞性肺病the immune system 我们的免疫系统allergic reactions过敏反应the digestive system消化系统the mouth口腔the esophagus食道the stomach胃the small intestines小肠the large intestines大肠the rectum 直肠the pancreas胰脏the liver 肝脏the gallbladder.胆囊the anus肛门Research has shown that 研究显示taste receptors 受体the salivary glands 唾腺delivers sth from to 遗传到…constitute 构成denaturation of the proteins 变性的蛋白质the gastric fundus mucosa 胃底粘膜gastrinpancreatic juice胰液enhance absorption 增强吸收convert sth to 转换的东西eliminate 消除synthesize sth from从合成……fat-soluble molecules. 脂溶性分子digestion of 增强吸收excretion of 转换的东西blood glucose level 消除blood glucose concentration从合成…storage site for 脂溶性分子urinary tract infections尿路感染；尿道发炎infections of the urinary tract泌尿系感染develop a UTIs UTIs发展the urinary system泌尿系统the kidney 肾脏the ureters输尿管the bladder膀胱the urethra尿道息肉free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi自由的细菌,病毒,真菌An infection can occur. 可能发生感染urethritis尿道炎cystitis膀胱炎pyelonephritis肾盂肾炎microorganisms微生物,the reproductive system生殖系统be sexually transmitted是性传播the prostate gland前列腺腺体People with diabetes have a higher risk of a UTI .患有糖尿病的风险高的泌尿道感染。

医学英语基础医学

医学英语基础医学Basic Medical Science1. What is the definition of homeostasis in the human body?Homeostasis is the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite the external changes. This is achieved through various physiological mechanisms that regulate temperature, blood pressure, pH levels, and other parameters within a narrow range.人体内的稳态是指什么？稳态是指人体能够在外部环境发生变化的情况下，保持内部环境稳定的能力。

通过调节体温、血压、pH值等生理机制，人体能够在一个较窄的范围内维持这种稳定状态。

2. What are the four primary types of tissue in the human body?The four primary types of tissue in the human body are epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.人体中有哪四种主要类型的组织？人体中的四种主要类型的组织包括上皮组织、结缔组织、肌肉组织和神经组织。

3. What is the function of the respiratory system?The respiratory system is responsible for the exchangeof oxygen and carbon dioxide between the body and the environment. It also helps regulate the body's pH and plays a role in vocalization and olfaction.呼吸系统的功能是什么？呼吸系统负责人体与环境之间的氧气和二氧化碳交换。

《基础医学英语》 PPT课件

More examples: cutis (皮) cervix (颈) bronchus (支气管) abdomen (腹) vertebra (椎骨)
aorta (主动脉) sinus (窦) os (骨) membrane(膜) cartilage (软骨)
2. Medical words from Greek: 1) colon: It entered English in 1398, based on
Course Goals To consolidate the students’ knowledge of the type of English that could be used for medicine.
Course Objectives 1.Vocabulary
1) understanding----English←→Chinese 2) word-formation----basic rules 3) pronunciation----syllables & stress 2. Reading Skills 3. Reading Practice
Greek Kolon ( large intestine, food, meat) 2) coma: It was borrowed from Greek koma
( deep sleep ) in 1646. 3) pneumonia: Greek pneumonia ( inflammation
Scanning is a reading technique to be used when you want to find specific information quickly. In scanning you have a question in your mind and you read a passage only to find the answer, ignoring unrelated information.

医学英语UNIT 3

Part One Dialogue
• • • • • • • • • • • • • 父亲:我的孩子一直咳嗽和喘息了三天。他在晚上一直睡不好。医生:咳嗽的厉害吗?痰多吗? 发烧吗? 父亲:他干咳的厉害，咳嗽到最后会有痰，不发烧。医生:他能平躺吗?他的嘴唇发紫吗? 父亲:发作厉害的时候,他不能平躺。他的嘴唇和指甲都呈现紫色。医生:他以前有类似的情况吗? 父亲:他有这种情况已经两年了。医生:你能告诉我，你认为他的病情发作可能和什么有关吗? 怕冷还是和特定的食物有关? 父亲:我不知道是什么引起的。医生:他在你们国家哮喘有没有发作? 父亲:他有时会发作,但现在情况越来越糟糕了。所有的药物只是暂时有效。你能有更好的建议吗? 医生:我想他是对什么过敏,应去过敏科室检查一下。
• 1 这些特殊的偶然因素因病人的不同而各有区别. (vary from… to…) • These particular causal factors vary from patient to patient. • 2. 病人不时发出一声声痛苦的呻吟. (from time to time) • From time to time there was a moan of pain from the sick man. • 3. 他们那些不切实际的计划不会有什么结果.(result from) • Nothing will result from their airy plans. • 4. 降雨量决定着收成的好坏. (the amount of ) • The amount of rainfall determines the quality of the crop. • 5.不要把未冲洗的胶卷暴露在光照下.(expose to) • Don't expose undeveloped film to light.

医护英语三级unit3partiiiii

如果刺激物长期存在，并持续随吸气进入人体，细支气管和肺泡就会失去弹性，肺泡壁也会受到破坏。
New lesson
Text Study
The little sacs in the stage of chronic bronchitis break up and are combined into small number of larger sacs, resulting in a decrease of surface area for oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange.
Summary 课堂小结
• New words and phrases.
• Reading and translation skills.
Exercises 巩固练习
Translation.
Homework 作业布置
• Recite the words. • Practice the reading and translation skills. • Assign task to the little teacher.
慢性支气管炎中形成的小容量肺泡破裂融合成少量大容量肺泡致使肺内进行氧气和二氧化碳气体交换的表面积减少
Unit 3 Respiratory Nursing
Part II Reading + Part III Translation
制作：李欣主讲：李欣
Review 复习提问
Dictation.
Lead in 新课导入
New lesson
Text Study
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is chronic, irreversible and progressive disease of the lower respiratory tract in the lungs.