Book1 Unit 4 writing灾难性事件

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高中英语人教版Book 1Unit 4写作 Reading for Writing P54-55

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课文回顾：
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1 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday, ...
句意：昨日，40年来最强烈的地震引发海啸，重创亚洲沿海地带。
新人教必修Book 1
Unit 4 Natural Disasters
Reading for Writing P54-55
1
➢What disaster is it? 2
A tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions.
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Read the summary of the news report. Check the main points it includes.
On 26 December 2004, a nami
killed more than 6,500 tourists,
fishermen and other locals in
3 ...the number of deaths stood at 2,498, and one million more were affected by the tsunami, government officials said.
stand at 达（到）特定水平（或数量、高度等）
6
After reading, then answer the questions.
1. When did the tsunami happen?

教版必修高一上期Book 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes arming-up and Reading (共34张)

Read the text carefully again and choose the best answer.
1. What does “them” in the sentence “No wind, however, could blow them away.” (in Paragraph 3) refer to? B A. Red autumn leaves. B. Bricks on the ground. C. Bodies of dead animals. D. Sand in the wells.
2. The title “A night the earth didn’t sleep” C means _______. A. the earth was awake all night long B. people on the earth couldn’t fall asleep that night C. the earth shook like crazy that night D. animals on the earth would not sleep that night
Number each of these things during the Tangshan earthquake.
_____ Brick buildings were destroyed. 3 1 _____ The walls of the village wells had cracks in them. 5 Shelters were put up for those with no _____ homes. 2 ______ Roads got huge cracks. 4 _____ The army helped the survivors.

book1 unit4 Earthquakes 地震

Read the text carefully and fill in the blanks.
Step 3. Careful reading
Read the est answers.
Step 3. Careful reading
1. Which of the following is NOT the reason that so many people were killed or injured in this disaster? A. It happened in the night and people were sleeping. B. The earthquake was one of the largest earthquakes ever. C. There was little water in the city. D. Two big quakes shook the city.
Step 6. Your show time
Choose a paragraph and act out an interview between a reporter and two survivors from the Tangshan earthquake.
Step 6. Your show time reporter
injure
破坏；毁坏；消灭
无用的；无效的援救；营救陷阱；困境
104
电；电流；电学
灾难；灾祸
dig out
bury
miner a number of reporter
408
congratulation
burst
million event
right away

Book1unit4writing

③The big quake was felt by half of China after several minutes. Some office workers in big cities as far as Shanghai, Beijing and Guangzhou got out from theirs high-rise office to avoid dizziness ④caused by the shake.
more than...伤亡的人数多达…… 4．All of the...were gone.所有的……都被摧毁了。 5．All hope was not lost.并不是所有的希望都破灭了。 6．Soon after the quake, ...sent...to help...震后不久，……派
出……来帮助……
亮点点评： 1．使用了大量的现在分词，如句①用了四个并列的现在分
词短语作结果状语，在同一句中连续点出了地震后造成的几种后果，使得句子结构简练，信息丰富；句⑤中的现在分词作目的状语，阐述了灾后救援情况；句⑥中的现在分词则作后置定语，点明了灾后救援的意义。
2．使用了被动语态，使文章有变化和层次感，如句③。 3．使用了过去分词作后置定语，如句②④。
技巧点拨
描述地震等自然灾害时，要首先给出读者最关心、最重要的信息，即地震等自然灾害发生的时间、地点、造成的伤亡情况、波及范围等等，宜用凝练的语言首先进行概括。然后对所知的灾害发生时的具体情况进行描述，还需要向读者告知救援情况，最后是灾害的最终结果。一般可以分为三段，即：开头概括→具体过程→救援与结果。因为是描述已发生的事件，时态多用一般过去时。
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话题解读

2020全国高中英语新教材必修一Unit4 阅读与写作

新教材必修1 Unit 4单元主题：Natural Disasters主题内容探究☛单元名言Live to Tell: Raising Awareness, Reducing Mortality. --- United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (2016)用生命呼吁：增强减灾意识，减少人员伤亡。

——联合国国际减灾战略(2016)☛主题解析课本中，本单元主要内容是围绕自然灾害展开，向同学们介绍发生的重大灾害事故，造成的人员伤亡以及应对措施等。

“自然灾害”也是高中英语新课标话题之一，亦是高考常考话题，历年高考英语都可觅其踪迹。

☛主题启示近几年自然灾害频发，对人们的日常生活造成了极大的影响，作为高考话题之一，学生要留心注意这一话题的相关内容。

本话题包括人与自然的和谐相处，人在自然界的生存、植物保护、生态保护、自然灾害等方面。

这些话题与学生的生活息息相关，联系密切。

通过对这些话题的学习以及高考英语对这些话题的考查，可以让学生多注意身边的人和事、关注自然环境、学会与大自然和谐相处。

主题素材拓展素材一：灾害种类→flood（水灾），drought（干旱），landslide（山），earthquake（地震），tsunami （海啸），typhoon（台风），hurricane（飓风），tornado（龙卷风），volcano（火山），snowstorm （暴风雪）素材二：造成后果→失踪：missing，受伤：get injured，死亡：be killed / lose one's life / cause sb's death / claim 302 lives（造成302人死亡），电力中断：cut of the power / electricity，have the power cut，the electricity was cut off，房屋倒塌：houses collapse / fall down，冲走房屋、道路、桥梁：wash away buildings，roads and bridges，成为废墟：…be in ruins，fall into ruins，菜地被毁坏了：vegetable fields are ruined，引发泥石流及其他灾害：trigger land slides and other disasters，造成巨大损失/经济损失：cause great damage / economic losses，失去栖息地：lose the habitats素材三：介绍受灾及抗灾情况→损失：很多人死亡，电力设施（power facilities）、农作物和交通均遭破坏，经济的（economic）损失严重。

人教版必修1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters (主题：自然灾害 )阅读与写作

人教版必修1 Unit 4 Natural Disasters （主题：自然灾害）阅读与写作【单元主题工自然灾害Today, scientists worldwide are studying plants and animals to build a better class of robots. Many of the robots may help with future rescue. And while some of these nature-inspired robots are in the lab, at least one type of these robots has been tested during a big natural disaster.Months ago, a big earthquake shook central Mexico. The quake resulted in hundreds of deaths and destroyed thousands of buildings. Before long, volunteers asked scientists from a lab at the Carnegie Mellon University to bring their snake robots to Mexico City to aid in the rescue efforts.Soon, scientist Matthew Travers, one director of this lab, and other scientists reached Mexico City and traveled between the city's fallen-down buildings. They used the cameras on the heads of the snake robots to look into a building/s open spaces and check if people were trapped inside.In the past years, scientists at the Carnegie Mellon University have worked to develop snake robots. By changing the designs of the robots made before, they created a “unified snake robot” , which could move through different types of terrain （地形）.But Travers and his teammate Howie Closet said that the snake robots had somewhat limited success in the Mexico City earthquake. zz lt wasn't like what we had thought: we brought the snake robots down there and we won the war/'says Travers.The big reason was that the robots were not equipped with any microphones,speakers, or proximity sensors （接近感应器）,Such kinds of modern equipment would have greatly improved the snake robots' ability to communicate with people who were trapped or to map the environment/The reason why wedon/t have more equipment is only because of money,''says Choset.Research on snake robots continues to move on. But Choset says it remains a challenge to get money to develop search-and-rescue robots.阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

英语必修一unit 4 natural disasters reading for writing写

我们的老师在昨天的会上发表了讲话。
【词汇拓展】
deliver sthto sb 给某人送某物
deliver a speech/lecture 演讲/讲课
delivery.投递
deliverer.递送人
Did you deliver my message to my father?
你把我的信息传给我父亲了吗?
然而,危险的条件和损坏的道路将使运送食物和补给品变得困难。
【词汇精讲】deliver vi.& vt.递送;传达 vt.发表
句中的deliver意为“递送”,是及物动词。
The newspaper has just been delivered.
报纸刚刚送达。
Our teacher delivered a speech at the meeting yesterday.
We would like to be able to sweep away those harmful rumors.
我们要清除那些有害的传言。
Mother told Tom to sweep away the fallen leaves in the yard.
妈妈要汤姆打扫庭院里的落叶。
He helplessly watched the wave sweep his cap away.
印尼苏门答腊岛西海岸周日上午7点左右发生了海底地震。
【词汇精讲】strike vt. & vi.(struck,struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击
打 n.罢工;罢课;袭击
句中的strike意为“侵袭;突击”,是及物动词。
A huge forest fire broke out after the lightning struck.

人教版高一英语必修一Unit 4 Earthquakes Writing精品ppt课件14页

Homework
华山中学(Huashan High School)近期举行了一次登山活动。假定你是学校英语报记者, 请写一篇短文, 报道此次活动。内容包括：
1tain); 2. 活动的过程； 3. 你对于这次活动的评论。注意： 1. 词数120左右。 2. 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
四、背景。指某事件的历史背景、周围环境及与其它方面的联系等。五、结语。新闻报道的结语一般是最后一句话或者一段话, 通常对全文内容作概括性的总结或对新闻事件的发展趋势做出预测。
新闻报道的语言应具备以下几个特点：一、客观、具体、简练。新闻用事实说话, 而事实不是抽象的, 它由时间、地点、人物、事件经过、事件原因、结果等因素构成, 因而新闻语言必须具体, 应当少用抽象的概念。二、准确。新闻是反映客观事实的, 不能含糊其词, 不能模棱两可, 不能夸大也不能缩小。
写作指导
新闻报道, 就是对新近发生的事实的报道, 一般包括五个部分：标题、导语、主体、背景、结语。一、标题。新闻的标题要提炼新闻事件的“精华”, 吸引读者阅读, 同时要简洁。如果需要, 可以在正标题下加上副标题。
二、导语。导语是报道开头的第一段或第一句话, 它扼要地揭示出报道的核心内容。三、主体。主体是报道的主要部分, 它用充足的事实表现主题, 是对导语内容的进一步展开和阐释。
Read the example of a newspaper
story on page 31. Find the headline, main ideas and details of each paragraph. And then check your answers on page 32.
STUDENT'S BOOK 1

高中英语Unit4 SectionⅤWriting人教版必修第一册

2．More and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with what we have done to the earth.
越来越多的人意识到这些灾害都与我们对地球所作所为有很大关系。 3．The natural disasters are mainly caused by human destruction. Deforestation causes the soil erosion; the chaos of sewage water cause the gradually poor water quality; the disorderly automobile exhaust causes the air pollution; improper disposal of waste causes the environment damage and so on. 自然灾害主要是人为破坏造成的。森林砍伐造成水土流失；污水乱排导致水质逐渐变差；汽车尾气乱排造成空气污染；垃圾处理不当造成环境破坏等。
Apart from its excellent speed, Noble chooses Wylee as his partner partly because it weighs only about half what other kinds of dogs weigh. Rescue team members have to carry their dogs to search sites in addition to carrying 60-pound backpacks with food, water and other equipment. The dogs need the lift so that don't get tired before they start working.

人教版BOOK 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Writing

Writing
the body part of a letter
2019/7/2
Your American friend Peter wants to know about its damage and recovery. Please send him a letter.
Let's find useful expressions!
2019/7/2
Many roads were destroyed/ were ruined.
Damage
buildings in ruins fell down ...
2019/7/2
A great many buildings lay in ruins/fell down.
Damage
bridges
fell
not safe for
traveling
...
Most of the bridges
fell/ were not safe for
2019/7/2
traveling.
Damage
railway tracks useless pieces of steel
...
2019/7/2
Railway tracks became useless peices of steel.
2019/7/2
Dear Peter,
I have received your letter. You said you want to
know more about the earthquake.Now I will give you
more details.
After the earthquake, it seems the world was at an

人教版高中英语Book 1 Unit 4 Earthquakes Writing教学设计

Unit 4 Earthquakes Writing教学设计Teaching goals 教学目标1. Target language 目标语言Words and expressions from the reading passage and the newspaper story2. Ability goals 能力目标a. Learn to write an outline of a newspaper.b. Learn to write a poster3. Learning ability goals 学能目标Help the students to develop their writing ability by using some tips and useful expressionsTeaching important points 教学重点a. Teach the students how to write an outline of a newspaper.b. Teach the students how to write a poster.Teaching difficult points 教学难点a. Teach the students the ways to express themselves, and form their own writingmethods.b. Tell the studnts the difference of the outlines between a short story and a newspaper story.Teaching methods 教学方法a. Discussionb. Reading and writingc. Asking and answeringTeaching aid 教具准备A slide projectorTeaching procedures＆ways 教学过程及方式T: Have you surfed in the site I have given to you?Ss: Yes.T: Good! You can get more information by surfing the internet often. So far, we have read, listened to and talked about something about earthquakes. Today we will learnto write an outline of a newspaper.StepⅠWriting an outline (10 minutes)This part is to write an outline of a newspaper story. The teacher should guide the students to finish this task. Ask them to read the instructions. And then answer the questions on the screen. Give them 2 minutes to read and think about the questions.T: We should write down outlines to help us organize the writing. Today, we will learn how to write an outline. Please turn to Page 31. Read the instructions in bold, and pay attention to some questions I prepared for you.T: OK. Time is up. Have you finished these questions?Ss: Yes.T: Now I’ll ask some of you to answer these questions. Can you 5 students answer those questions one by one?S1: Because an outline will prepare you to write a better story.S2: A good outline should have a headline, a list of main idea and a list of important details.S3: A headline can tell the reader what the topic is, so it can attract the readers’ attention since the reader may not have bought the newspaper before they read the headline.S4: First, organize the main ideas. Next, put some details into each paragraph.S5: A newspaper story gives the most important news first and the least important news last.T:OK. It seems that you have known how to write an article for a newspaper about a special event that happened around us. Now please read the example of a newspaper story in Exercise 1 and then finish what you're asked to do. I’ll give you 2 minutesto do this.Two minutes laterT: Now we can see the title of this story is…Ss: Cyclists Ready to go on the Road for Disaster-Hit AreasT: Good! How many parts is the story divided into?Ss: Two parts. The first one is from the beginning to “in China.” The second part is from "t he cyclists come from China"to the end.T: Good! What’s the main idea of each paragraph?S1: It seems that the first sentence is the main sentence.S2: I don’t think so. Because the main idea should show the purpose of doing something.So I think the last sentence is the main idea.T: Good! Your analysis is right. In brief, the main idea is that the cyclists plan to get money for Disaster-Hit Areas. But what is the main idea of the second part?S3: Madam, we can’t find a main sentence in this paragraph.T: Really? Oh Yeah, a good doubt. Sometimes, we needn’t write out the main sentence according to the situation. The readers can conclude it from the details. That’s the reason why we can’t find a main sentence. Are you clear?S2: Yes, I understand it.T:Now, you can check your answers with the answer part on Page 32.Give them a few seconds to check.T:Now, I’d like to show you more examples of some newspapers. Please look at the screen. Read them and try to find the outlines in the stories.China leads world in traffic deathsEXPERTS say that road traffic accidents are on the rise and China ranks first in the world in traffic death tolls. Worldwide statistics show that the global traffic accident death toll amounted to 500,000 in 2003, with the largest share, 104,000 reported in China, followed by India with 86,000, the US with 40,000, and Russia with 26,000, said Duan Liren, former deputy director of the Beijing Traffic Management Bureau. Road accidents are the seventh leading killer in China.Seven killed in cargo plane crashAN AZERBAIJIANI II-76 cargo plane crashed in Xinjiang, northwest China, Tuesday, killing all seven crew members. No passengers were found aboard, said rescuers. The crash occurred at around 11:00 am on Tuesday near Urumqi Internation Airport. About 80 per cent of the cargo has burnt. The plane was a charactered flight from Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, to Baku, in Azerbaijan via Urumqi, capital of Xinjiang. The search for the black box is still being conducted. The teacher can read out the examples for the students one by one and asks them “What’s the headline? What’s the main idea? And what are the details?” By doing this, the students can master the structure of newspaper stories and are not worried about writing an outline for China Daily.After doing this, the teacher can explain to students that newspaper stories and short stories are organized very differently. Usually a short story begins with small details and includes big details later. A newspaper story just does the opposite. Both kinds of stories use paragraphs with main ideas.The point-of-view in a good newspaper story is objective (i.e. it has no point-of-view) while a short story is subjective, (i.e. has a point-of-view). A newspaper story has no conclusion; a short story generally does.Give the students 5 minutes to prepare the task, and then have a summary by asking and answering.StepⅡWriting a poster (12 minutes)SB Writing Task, Page 67In fact this part is the continuous one of the Speaking Task. That is, Speaking is the base of the Writing. The instructions have told the students how to write a poster and what should be written down. Ask the students to read the instructions carefully, and make sure they know what they are going to do. Give them 5 minutes to write. Possible sample:StepⅢProject (10 minutes)This project begins by asking students to review what they have learned about earthquakes and how people have coped with these sudden natural disasters. It then asks them to apply that knowledge by making a checklist of things that should be done before, during and after a quake hits. The functional item of the unit is reviewed as students are discussing and deciding the order of their checklists. It is not necessary or likely that students will number their checklists the same. What is important is whether the sequence is logical and each group can justify, or explain it. Finally, the students must choose one action from the checklist to discuss in more detail.Suggested answer key to the project: (Maybe the sequence vary.)1. How to plan for future disaster;2. How to make new buildings safer;3. How to teach children about earthquake safety;4. How to rescue those still trapped in the ruins;5. How to take care of the survivors;6. How to organize shelters for survivors;7. Where to put information for survivors and their families;8. What to do with the ruins;9. What to do with the buildings that survived the quake;10. How to repair buildings that survived the quake;11. Where to get money to build again;12. Where to find people to help rebuild;13. How to honor those killed in the quake;14. How to honor the rescue workers;StepⅣHomework (2 minutes)T: In this class we learned how to write an outline of a newspaper story and how to write a poster. We have known the difference of the outline between the newspaper and a foletale. I hope it can help you a lot in your writing. Today’s homework is to finish the Summing Up and Check Yourself to consolidate what you have learned. OK, that is all for today. Bye-bye!附件Ⅰ. What’s an earthquake?An earthquake is a sudden, rapid shaking of the Earth caused by the breaking and shifting of rock beneath the Earth’s surface. This shaking can cause buildings and bridges to collapse; disrupt gas, electric, and phone service; and sometimes trigger landslides, avalanches, flash floods, fires, and huge, destructive ocean waves (tsunamis). Buildings with foundations resting on unconsolidated landfill, old waterways, or other unstable soil are most at risk. Buildings or trailers and manufactured homes not tied to a reinforced foundation anchored to the ground are also at risk since they can be shaken off their mountains during an earthquake.Earthquakes can occur at any times of the year.Ⅱ. What should I do?BERORE THE EARTHQUAKE STRIKESDevelop a Family Disaster Plan. Please see the “Family Disaster Plan” section for general family planning information. Develop earthquake-specific planning.If you are at risk from earthquakes:Pick “safe places” in each room of your home. A safe place could be under a sturdy table or desk or against an interior wall away form windows, bookcases, ortall furniture that could fall on you. The shorter the distance to move to safety, the less likely you will be injured. Injury statistics show that people moving as little as 10 feet during an earthquake’s shaking are most likely to be injured. Also pick safe places, in your office, school and other buildings you are frequently in.Practice drop, cover, and hold-on in each safe place. Drop under a sturdy desk or table and hold on to one leg of the table or desk. Protect your eyes by keeping your head down. Practice these actions so that they become an automatic response. When an earthquake or other disasters occur, many people hesitate, trying to remember what they are supposed to do. Responding quickly and automatically may help protect you from injury.Practice drop, cover, and hold-on at least twice a year. Frequent practice will help reinforce safe behavior.Wait in your safe place until the shaking stops, then check to see if you are hurt. You will be better able to help others if you take care of yourself first, and then check the people around you. Move carefully and watch out for things that have fallen or broken, creating hazards, Be ready for additional earthquakes and called “aftershocks”.Be on the lookout for fires. Fire is the most common earthquake-related hazard, due to broken gas lines, damaged electrical lines or appliances, and previously contained fires or sparks being released.If you must leave a building after the shaking stops, use the stairs, not the elevator. Earthquakes can cause fire alarms and fire sprinklers to go off. You will not be certain whether there is a real threat of fire. As a precaution, use the stairs.If you are outside in an earthquake, stay outside. Move away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. Crouch down and cover your head. Many injuries occur within 10 feet of the entrance to buildings. Bricks, injuring persons nearby. Trees, streetlights, and power lines also fall, causing damage or injury.Inform guests, babysitters and caregivers of your plan. Everyone in your home should know what to do if an earthquake occurs. Assure yourself that others will respond properly even if you are not at home during the earthquake.Get training. Take a first aid class from your local Red Cross chapter. Get training on how to use a fire extinguisher from your local fire department. Keep your training current. Training will help you to keep calm and know what to do when an earthquake occurs.DURING AN EARTHQUAKEIf you are in bed, hold on and stay there, protecting your head with a pillow. You are less likely to be injured staying where you are. Broken glass on the floor has caused injury to those who have rolled to the floor or tried to get to doorways.If you are outdoors, find a clear spot away from buildings, trees, streetlights, and power lines. Drop to the ground and stay there until the shaking stops. Injuries can occur from falling trees, streetlights and power lines, or building debris.If you are in a vehicle, pull over to a clear location, stop and stay there with your seatbelt fastened until the shaking has stopped. Trees, power lines, poles, street signs, and other overhead items may fall during earthquakes. Stopping will help reduce your risk, and a hard-topped vehicle will help protect you from flying or falling objects. Once the shaking has stooped, proceed with caution. Avoid bridges or ramps that might have been damaged by the quake.If you are in a coastal area, move to higher ground. Tsunamis are often created by earthquakes.If you are in a mountain area or near unstable slopes or cliffs, be alert for falling rocks and other debris that could be loosened by the earthquake. Landslides commonly happen after earthquakes.Ⅲ. Earthquake Words地震earthquake, quake;里氏八级8 on the Richter scale;震中epicenter;震感seism aesthesia, feel of the earthquake(tremor);震源focus (of an earthquake), seismic origin;死亡人数death toll;幸存者survivors;受灾者victims;救援人员rescue workers;重灾区，the harder-hit area;坠落的残骸、碎片falling debris;震灾damages caused by an earthquake; 震中烈度epicenter intensity;震中区epicenter area;震区seismic zone;震级earthquake magnitude。

人教版高中英语Book 1 Unit 4 Earthquake

Para2
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Twothirds of them died or were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
Para2
At 3:42 am everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world was at an end! Eleven kilometers directly below the city the greatest earthquake of the 20th century had begun. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away. One-third of the nation felt it. A huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals. Steam burst from holes in the ground. Hard hills of rock became rivers of dirt. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. The suffering of the people was extreme. Twothirds of them died or were left without parents. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.

Book1 Unit4

一天夜里，鸡和猪都紧张得不想吃食。

老鼠从田地里跑出来找地方藏身。

人们几乎都没有把这些情况当回事。

一切都开始摇晃起来。

水管爆裂，电力中断。

世界似乎到了末日。

人们遭受的灾难极为深重。

有些人受伤，有些人埋在废墟下，还有些人失踪。

一座大城市沉沦在废墟之中。

人们惊呆了。

从那时的情况判断，还有些被困人员等待着救援。

这场灾难给这座村庄造成严重损害。

并不是一切没有了希望。

很快军队就被派来帮助他们。

伤者被送到医院，死者被掩埋，避难所也搭建起来。

慢慢地，这座城市又开始出现了生机。

灾难性事件

灾难性事件什么是灾难性事件灾难性事件是在人们生产、生活活动过程中突然发生的、违反人们意志的、迫使活动暂时或众久停止，并且造成大量的人员伤亡、经济损失或环境污染的意外事件。

与事故酌定义最大的不同之处在于，灾难性事件会导致大量的人员伤亡或重大经济损失，而且自然灾害，如地震、洪水等的发生也属于灾难性事件。

除自然灾害之外，在一般工业生产过程中所发生的火灾、爆炸、毒物泄漏事故，在矿床开采过程中所发生的坍塌、冒顶片帮、瓦斯和煤尘爆炸、涌水事故，河海运输过程中的沉船事故，重大交通事故，飞机失事，通常都要造成大量的人员伤亡和经济损失，均属于灾难性事件。

由于灾难性事件与事故一样，也是意外事件，所以它具有事故的所有特性。

即普遍性、随机性、必然性、因果相关性、突变性、潜伏性和危害性等。

灾难性事件因其后果十分严重，往往会引起人们的广泛关注，从而产生不良的社会影响。

它除了具有上述特性以外，还具有广泛的社会性。

灾难性事件种类1、天文灾害，指来自宇宙天体的灾害，除天体原因与地球原因综合作用助长有关自然灾害外，直接致灾的天文灾害包括陨石灾害、星球撞击、磁暴灾害、电商层扰动、极光灾害等。

2、气象灾害，是人类社会面临的主要灾害种类。

气象灾害具体可以分为20多种。

•水灾主要有洪水、涝灾2种；•旱灾包括十壤干旱、大气干旱2种；•台风指来自热带海洋面广的飓风灾害；•龙卷风包括陆龙卷与水龙卷2种；•干热风是少雨偏干与一定的风力相结合形成的对农作物影响较大的灾害种类；•暴风能够造成损失的大风灾害；•冷害包括冷空气、寒潮、冷雨等能够造成损失的灾害现象；•冻害包括霜冻、冻雨、结冰、凌汛等能够造成损失的灾害现象；•雪灾包括雪崩、草原白灾、草原黑灾等；•雹灾包括冰雹、风雹2种；•雷电即雷击及其他雷电引起的灾害现象；•风沙即大风与沙尘相结合并造成损害后果的灾害现象。

此外，还有多种其他气象灾害或混合型气象灾害，如暴风雪等。

3、地质灾害，是指由于自然变异导致地质环境或地质体发生变化而造成的灾害。

BX1 U4 Reading for writing

新人教必修一 Reading for writing
Read the passage and answer the questions.
1. When did the tsunami happen?
It happened on Sunday, 26 December 2004.
2. What caused the tsunami?
Because the conditions are dangerous and the roads were damaged.
Writing
假设你是学生会主席李华，你校邀请地震专家李教授来校做了有关地震防灾知识方面的讲座，请你给校报写一篇新闻报道，内容包括以下要点：
1.讲座的时间、地点； 2.讲座内容(如何自救）； 3.反响和评价。B. 注意：1.词数80词左右；
In order to raise students’ awareness of safety, our school invited professor Li to give us a speech on how to save ourselves during an earthquake in the lecture hall on Friday afternoon.
4. 他建议我们地震中要保持冷静并迅速转移到安全的地方。（keep calm， move to） He suggested that we should keep calm and quickly move to a safe place during an earthquake. B.
5. 如果我们在户外，去到远离建筑物、树或电线的开放区域是必须的。（outdoors， it is necessary to... , away from... , power lines）