简易英语语法总结
语法知识
1 句子结构
1.句子结构：主+谓+宾/ 主+谓/ 谓+宾
一个句子中只能有一个谓语。如果一个句子含有两个及以上谓语肯定就是错的句子，自己写作时需谨记。阅读时，分析难句可从谓语入手，因为它只有一个，好找。
从句也是句子，所以可包含谓语，但它是属于从句的谓语，与主句不同谓语不同，也就是说主句中的谓语还是仅有一个。
2.主语的引导词不能省，宾语的可以省。
2 非谓语动词
包括不定式、动名词、分词(现在分词和过去分词)和独立主格。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
1 不定式
1) 一般式。同时发生或将要发生。
He seems to know this.（同时）
I hope to see you again.（将要）
2) 完成式。已经发生。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.（发生在sorry之前）
He seems to have caught a cold.（发生在seems之前）
3) 进行式。正在进行。
He seems to be eating something.
4) 完成进行式。已经发生且一直进行
He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.
1.1不定式做表语
表将来，用于命令、要求等。
You are always to knock before you enter my room.
2 动名词
动名词格式：动词原形+ing
动名词和现在分词区别：
1）现在分词
作定语、表语、状语。起形容词、副词作用。有时也用在复合结构中。不能做主语，一看到是主语成分，必定是动名词。一般可翻译成“…的”的意思。
2）动名词
作主语、宾语、表语。起名词作用。单独用或动名词短语。表示抽象的一般行为。
3 分词
包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词：动词原形+ing；过去分词：动词原形+ed。现在分词表主动，过去分词表被动。具体方式参见上文动名词中的“动名词和现在分词区别”。
过去分词和过去式区别：
过去分词充当副词、形容词，是非谓语；过去式充当动词，是谓语。
·过去分词：Accompanied by his friend, he went to the railway station.Given better attention,the plants could grow better.
·过去式：The new worlds Freud explored were inside man himself.
4 独立主格
Yet, the case Schwartz makes for a correlation between our emotional state and what he calls the “tyranny of choice” is compelling, the implication disturbing.
分析：1）后置定语；2）独立主格结构
翻译：Schwartz用事例说明感情状态和他所说的“残酷的选择”之间的相关性，然而这个事例是令人震撼的，其含义是令人烦扰的。
3)名词/代词与后面的词是主谓关系
4 疑问句
分为：一般、特殊、选择和反意疑问句。
1 一般疑问句
“你是……吗?”,“你做……了吗?”。
一、把be动词、情态动词、助动词do调到句首。
陈述句:They are in the swimming pool.
一般疑问句:Are they in the swimming pool?
陈述句:He can drive a car.
一般疑问句: Can he drive a car?
一般动词的一般疑问句,也要借助助动词do/does,第三人称单数用does,其余人称用do。其句型为:Do/Does + 主语+ 动词原形+其它。
陈述句:Tommy has a computer.
一般疑问句:Dose Tommy have a computer?
陈述句:Amy speaks English.
一般疑问句:Does Amy speak English?
2 特殊疑问句
以特殊疑问词开头，对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有： （代词）what 、who 、whose 、which 、（副词）when 、where 、how 、why 等。 有以下两种格式：
1）．疑问词作主语或主语的定语。语序是陈述句。
Who is singing in the room ﹖
whose bike is broken ﹖
2）．其他成分。语序是：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句【be/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语（+其他）】 What class are you in ﹖
What does she look like ﹖
3 选择疑问句
以一般疑问句为基础，增加多个可选的答案。
Would you like a gin ，or a whisky ，or a `beer?
4 反意疑问句
它表示提问人的看法，没有把握，需要对方证实。有两种格式。
1）．陈述部分肯定句+疑问部分否定句（可记为前肯后否）.
例：They work hard, don ’t they?
Let's go to the supermarket ,shall we?
2）．陈述部分否定句+疑问部分肯定句（可记为前否后肯）.
例：You didn't go, did you?
5 虚拟语气
英语中有三种不同的语气：陈述语气，祈使语气和虚拟语气。
虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，表可能或不可能发生的情况。
1 条件句中的虚拟语气
1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式
举例：
(1) 将来。如：
If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time.
时间
从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 将来 动词过去式(be 用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形 现在 动词过去式(be 用 were )
would / should / might / could + 动词原形 过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
If he were to come here, he would tell us about it.
(2) 现在。如：
If he were free, he would help us.
If he studied at this school, he would know you well.
(3) 过去。如：
If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li.
须注意问题：
(1)主从句动作不同时发生。
①从句与过去相反，主句与现在或将来相反。如：
If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too.
②从句与现在相反，主句与过去相反。如：
If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing.
(2)当虚拟条件句的谓语含有were, should, had时，if可省略，而将were, should, had 等词置于句首。如：
原句：if she were here, she would agree with us.
省略句：Were she here, she would agree with us.
(3)须通过上下文来判断。如：
I would have come to see you, but I was too busy.
But for his help, we would be working now.
(4)主从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的强烈感情。
①省略从句。He would have finished it.
②省略主句。If I were at home now.
2.目的状语从句虚拟语气
(1)在for fear that, in case, lest引导的目的状语从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且should 不能省略。
She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in.
(2)在so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如：
He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.
3.让步状语从句虚拟语气
(1)在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：
Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do.
(2)在whatever, whichever, whenever, whoever, wherever, however, no matter what 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为：
① may +动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen.
② may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限。如：
You mustn’t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made.
(3)在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：
Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student.
4.原因状语从句中的虚拟语气
amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised, upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：
① should + 动词原形(指现在或将来)。如：
He was angry that you should call him by name.
② should + 完成式, 指过去。如：
I’m very sorry that you should have failed the exam.
5. 表语从句及同位语从句中虚拟语气
含有请求、命令、建议等名词advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish时，在表语从句或同位语从句中，须用虚拟语气。结构为：(should) + 动词原形。如：
We followed his advice that we should ask our teacher for help.
He told us his idea that he should go to university.
6 倒装和省略
表强调。包括部分倒装和完全倒装。完全倒装，即全部谓语置于主语前；部分倒装，即部分辅助词谓语置于主语前。例：
1. 完全倒装
1. There was a drop in the temperature.
原句：temperature was drop.
2. Out rushed a young lady.
原句：A young lady out rushed.
3. There is no universally accepted definition of [what a developing country is];
neither is there one of [what constitutes the process of economic development].
one：指代universally accepted definition，普遍接受的定义
4. In the human species individuals are equipped with fewer instincts than is the case in many nonhuman species.
the case:指代individuals are equipped with instincts，个体装载着本能。
5. A make better B than do C
do C：倒转，正常为：C make B，其中do为省略指代make B
6. With marriage come instruction and admonition, appropriate to the occasion, from elder relatives and, int more advanced cultures, from priests.
主语：instruction and admonition. 指导和忠告
谓语：come
宾语：with marriage.
用倒装，是为了强调with marriage.
appropriate：形容词当状语
1）from elder relatives and, int more advanced cultures：插入语, 2）from priests.
2. 部分倒装
Only in this way can you solve this problem.
原句：In this way you can solve this problem.
No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
原句：After I got home it began to rain sooner.
3. 省略
1. Cancer is said to be malignant because of its tendency to cause death if not treated.
省略：if it is not treated.
12 定语从句
A Boston police officer who was shot in the face by a man during a traffic stop was improving after hours of surgery during which a bullet was removed from his neck, officials said on Sunday. during修饰hours
which修饰surgery
11 As用法
4）Yet, tempting as it is to blow the Buffet billions on bolstering these programs, research also has a claim on the pot.
解析：
5）Nermeroff found that people draw the germs of their lovers as less scary-looking than those of enemies, and they say those germs would make them less ill.
解析：
7）not so much ... as ...
与其说，不如说<= 不是，而是
例1：The distinction between A and B is not so much C as D.
A与B的差别与其说是C，不如说是D。
12 主谓一致
主语单数、复数，谓语也要对应的单数、复数形式。
1）常规型
She is beautiful.
They are workers.
2）两个并列主语，谓语要用复数：
He and She are going inside.
但是，如果并列的主语表示一个整体概念时，谓语就用单数：
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
Bread and butter：表示一个整体概念，抹上奶油的面包。
3）介词连接主语
with：谓语与前一个一致
He with they is going inside.
either...or..., neither...nor：谓语与后一个一致
Either he or They are going inside.
as well as：谓语与前一个一致
He as well as They is good person.
他和他们一样都是好人。
4）集体名词
集体名词表示一个集体时，谓语用单数；集体名词表示每个个体时，谓语用复数Police is a honor career. 警察是一个光荣的职业。
The police are searching for two bandits. 警察正在搜查两个匪徒。
5）表示“时间”、“金钱”、“距离”的名词复数做主语
表示“时间”、“金钱”、“距离”的名词复数做主语，谓语用单数
Five minutes is enough.
15 杂项
1 情态动词、助动词
情态动词、助动词+ V原形。
1）情态动词
can (could)、may (might)、must(must)、need、dare(dared)、will(would)、shall(should)、have(to)、had better。
2）助动词
（1）be类助动词：am，is，was，are，were，be，been，being。
（2）have类助动词：have，has，had，having。
（3）will类助动词：will，would，shall，should。
（4）do类助动词：do，does，did。
2 have been /has been
1)have been与表示职业的名词连用，用来询问或说明某人所从事的职业。例如：
Have you ever been a teacher ? 你曾经当过教师吗？
2) have been后接形容词，表示某种行为或状态。此时和表示时间的短语how long, for 或since等连用时，则表示这种状态持续的时间。例如：
The shop has been open . 这家商店营业了。
How long has this factory been open ? 这家工厂开工多久了？
We have been slow to develop the science 发展这一学科，我们一直是缓慢的。
3）have been 可以和表示地点的介词短语连用，可以表示相当于汉语中的“去过”、“来”、“到”、“在”等不同动词的意思。和how long , for ,since等表示时间的短语连用后，表示这种状态的持续时间。例如：
Have you been to Beijing ? 你去过北京吗？(不在北京问）
4)have been可以与away, back, in, on, out, over等小品词连用，相当于一个表示动作动词的现在完成时的用法，表示某种状态。
Tom has been away (for a week). 汤姆离开（一周）了。
5) have been后接动词的现在分词，为现在完成进行时
He has been working in that factory for five years.
他在这工厂工作五年了。（现在是否仍在该工厂工作，视上下文而定。）
6) have been +及物动词的过去分词，为现在完成时被动语态的形式，表示一个已完成的被动动作。例如：
The moon has been visited by human being already. 月亮已经被人类访问过了。
3 could和can的区别
1、can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力，
例如：He can speak a little English now.
She could play the piano when she was five.
2、在表示请求许可时，没有时间区别，在语气上could 更加委婉客气，can的可能性更大，例如：
Can I use your pen ?
Could I have a look at your book ?
4 同位语和定语区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word, thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词。而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词、主句的一部分或是整个主句。
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释, 与先行词同义，属于名词性从句的范畴。
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句。
例：
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody．同位语从句。（that只起连接作用）
The fact that (/which) we talked about is very important．定语从句。（that在从句中作about的宾语）
5 which与that区别
1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whether
答案：B
2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed.
A. as
B. which
C. what
D. that
答案：B
3. Luckily,we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way.
A. it
B. that
C. this
D. which
答案：D
6 并列句
并列连词：and, or, but , so ...
通用结构：A, B, and C或者A, B and C
极少数结构：A, B 中间不用连词。
7 引述他人说话
He said “I am fine!”.
He said, “I am fine!”
“I am fine!”, He said.
8 日期表示
突尼斯时间2015年3月18日星期三，在突尼斯首都发生爆炸案。
There was a bomb attack in Tunisia's capital, Wednesday, March 18, 2015 in Tunis.
英语日期格式：
1）月日,年
2）星期，月日,年
·小地方，大地方，星期，月日，年：
in Lausanne, Switzerland, Thursday, March 19, 2015.
9. 名词复数
一般加s,es，少数的自身单词发生变化：man-men, foot-feet
抽象名词，复数为本身，只有转为具体对象时才要加s或es
16 难句解析
1
1
The president’s decision a year ago to allow research on already existing stem cell lines was portrayed as a reasonable compromise between scientist’s needs for cells to work with, and concerns that this kind of research could lead to wholesale creation and destruction of human embryos, cloned infants and a general contempt for human life.
解析：The president’s decision【(a year ago) (to allow research) (on already existing stem cell lines)】was portrayed【as a reasonable compromise(between 1)scientist’s needs
主干句：总统的决定被描述为一个合理的折衷。
展开：一方面科学家需要利用细胞进行研究，另一方面这种研究又会导致大批量的人类胚胎、克隆婴儿被随意制造和毁灭，甚至发展成为对人类生命的普遍蔑视。基于以上两方面的折衷考虑，总统于一年前做了决定，允许已经存在的干细胞系的研究。
语法详析：
(a year ago)：时间状语
(to allow research)：介词短语，充当decision的定语
(on already existing stem cell lines)：介词短语，充当research的定语
was portrayed：谓语
as a reasonable compromise：as引导的介词短语，充当状语
between，and：并列结构
that(this kind of research... )：充当concerns同位语
this kind of research could lead ：为虚拟语气的主句
1)wholesale creation and destruction of human embryos, cloned infants and 2)a general contempt for human life.：为复合并列句。最外层wholesale... 与 a general...并列；creation 与destruction并列；human embryos与cloned infants并列，human embryos与cloned infants 的并列，中间没有连词，是一种不常见的并列写法。
2.
Neither of the two healthcare workers brought back Wednesday has tested positive for Ebola, but they are being monitored 【because they might have been exposed to a colleague who has contracted it.】
3.
Any invitation is a matter [for 1)congressional leaders and 2)Abe (that)cuts a controversial figure, [given what critics see as his attempts to water down past statements about the behavior of Japan's Imperial Army in World War Two.]]
cuts a controversial figure:形成有争议的形象。cut：削减成
given what critics see as：让评论家们看到...
4.
Byrd lived just 200 yards [from the spot in a wooded area off a dirt road (that ran behind his house).]
5.
递进动作并列
The shots struck White in the chest, face and thigh, grazed a bystander's arm, and hit the third TSA agent in the arm, Normand said.
解析：The shots 1）struck White in the chest, face and thigh, 2）grazed a bystander's arm, and 3）hit the third TSA agent in the arm, Normand said.
6.
Police are investigating allegations Kappa Delta Rho fraternity members used two secret Facebook pages to post photos of nude females, some of whom appeared to be sleeping or
passed out, as well as posts relating to hazing or drug deals.
解析：
Police are investigating allegations [Kappa Delta Rho fraternity members （used two secret Facebook pages to post 1）photos of nude females, some of whom appeared to be sleeping or passed out, as well as 2）posts relating to hazing or drug deals）]
7.
Yemen's embattled president fled his palace in Aden for an undisclosed location Wednesday as Shiite rebels offered cash bounty for his capture and arrested his defense minister.
解析：
Yemen's embattled president fled his palace in Aden for an undisclosed location Wednesday 【as Shiite rebels 1）offered cash bounty (for his capture) and 2）arrested his defense minister.】
周三，也门被围困的总统逃出亚丁宫殿到一个没有被包围的地方。...
as：引导时间状语从句。
8.
His lawyers opened the trial early this month by bluntly admitting the defendant committed all the crimes of which he is accused, but contending Tamerlan was the driving force behind the attack with Dzhokhar going along out of a sense of subservience.
解析：
His lawyers opened the trial (early this month) by bluntly 1）admitting （that）【the defendant committed all the crimes （of which he is accused）】, but 2）contending（that）Tamerlan was the driving force behind the attack with Dzhokhar 【going along out of a sense of subservience.】
9
Republicans muscled a balanced-budget plan through the Senate early Friday, positioning Congress for months of battling President Barack Obama over the GOP's goals of slicing spending and dismantling his health care law.
解析：
Republicans muscled a balanced-budget plan through the Senate early Friday, 【positioning Congress for months of battling President Barack Obama over the GOP's goals of slicing spending and dismantling his health care law.】
battle over：因..而争吵
battle sb. over sth. 让某人因某事而吵架
positioning Congress for months... ：安置国会做某事，即让国会一致做了好几个的是停下来。
10
The Arkansas Senate overwhelmingly approved on Friday a Republican-backed bill whose authors say is intended to protect religious freedoms but critics contend could allow businesses to refuse service to gay people.
解析：
The Arkansas Senate overwhelmingly approved on Friday a Republican-backed bill 【whose authors say is intended to protect religious freedoms but critics contend could allow businesses to refuse service to gay people.】
11
The bill advancing in the Republican-led Arkansas legislature says "governments should not substantially burden the free exercise of religion without compelling justification."
解析：
The bill 【advancing in the Republican-led Arkansas legislature】says "governments should not substantially burden the free exercise of religion （without compelling justification."）Republican-led：共和党主导的
legislature：立法机关
翻译：议案（在由共和党主导的立法机关里得到提升）说：“政府不应该在没有有力理由情况下实际上承担起宗教的自由执行”。
12
The lead train car jumped the tracks, crashing through a metal fence and across a grass-covered median before coming to rest in the middle of Exposition Boulevard.
【解析】
The lead train car 1）jumped the tracks, 【crashing through a metal fence】and 2）across a grass-covered median 【before coming to rest （in the middle of Exposition Boulevard.）】lead：领头的
car：车厢，轿车
rest：停止
13
The high court left intact a ruling by the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that threw out the lawsuit.
【解析】
The high court left intact a ruling by the San Francisco-based 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that threw out the lawsuit.
left a ruling intact：让裁决原封不动，即保持原定裁决。
14
The rules would shorten the period between a union filing a petition to represent workers and an election, from the current median of 38 days to as little as 14 days.
【解析】
The rules would shorten the period between 1）a union 【filing a petition to represent workers】and 2）an election, 【from the current median of 38 days to as little as 14 days.】
15
The nation's worst coal mine disaster in decades exposed lax safety measures at some Appalachian mines, issues that persist five years later despite the crackdown that followed, according to an Associated Press review of federal inspection records.
【解析】
The nation's worst coal mine disaster in decades exposed lax safety measures at some
主语谓语
Appalachian mines, issues that persist five years later despite the crackdown 【that followed】, 是measures的同位语
according to an Associated Press review of federal inspection records.
现在分词，起补充作用
【that followed】：宾语从句。完整：that followed the nation's worst coal mine disaster
翻译：
根据美联社对联邦调查记录的评论可知，几十年来全国最严重的那起煤矿事故揭露出在一些Appalachian煤矿中存在松懈的安全措施问题，这个问题尽管在该起最严重的煤矿事故发生后进行了整治，但还是持续了五年之久。
初中英语语法知识点总结
英语语法大全 初中英语语法学习提纲 一、词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is,are,have,see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市)
初一英语语法及主要知识点归纳总结
初一英语语法及主要知 识点归纳总结 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】
初一英语知识点归纳总结 分类：英语学习 Unit 1 Where’s your pen pal from 一．短语： 1 ．be from = come from 来自于---- 2． live in 居住在--- 3． on weekends 在周末 4 ．write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人 5 ．in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国 6．pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目 7．the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约 8．speak English 讲英语 like and dislike 爱憎 9．go to the movies 去看电影 play sports 做运动 二．重点句式： 1 Where’s your pen pal from = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live 3 What language(s) does he speak 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三．本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。 1 Canada---- Canadian---- English / French 2 France------ French------French 3 Japan------Japanese----Japanese 4 Australia----Australian----- English 5 the United States------ American---- English 6 the United Kingdom---British----- Enghish Unit 2 Where’s the post office 一． Asking ways: (问路) 1．Where is (the nearest) …… （最近的）……在哪里 2．Can you tell me the way to …… 你能告诉我去……的路吗 3．How can I get to …… 我怎样到达……呢 4．Is there …… near here / in the neighborhood 附近有……吗 5．Which is the way to …… 哪条是去……的路 二．Showing the ways: （指路） 1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。 2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。 3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。 4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。 5. You’d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（You’d better+动词原形）
初二英语语法总结大全
初二期末英语必考的十二大语法点 一. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级 1. 形容词/副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则 （1）单音节词和少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词，比较级在后面加-er，最高级在后面加-est。 ①单音节单词 small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest ②少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节单词 clever→cleverer→cleverest
narrow→narrower→narrowest （2）以不发音e结尾的单音节单词，比较级在原形后加-r，最高级在 原级后加-st。 large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able→abler→ablest （3）以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）单词中，先双写末尾的辅音字母，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest （4）以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词，把y改为i，比较级加-er，最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest
busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest （5）其他双音节词和多音节词，比较级在前面加more，最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most easily （6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest
初中英语语法总结(完整)
英语时态讲解 【注】构成时态的助动词be (is, am, are), have (has), shall, will 等需根据主语的变化来选择。时态是英语中一个重要的语法范畴，它表示不同时间发生的动作或存在的状态以及动作发生或存在的方式。动作发生的时间可分为现在、过去、将来和过去将来四种形式，动作发生的方式可分为一般、完成、进行和完成进行四种形式。将时间形式和动作方式结合起来，就构成了以下 英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的。英语中的时态共有十六种，但是常考的或较常用的只有9种。要掌握英语的时态和语态，必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题。 1、一般现在时 主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点；表示经常或习惯性的动作，句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语；表示客观规律和永恒真理等。 H e usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning. 他每天7点上班。 2、现在进行时 表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动：或表感情色彩，加强语气。与频率副词，如always，constantly，continually，again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩（赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等）。 We are having English class.
我们正在上英语课。 3、现在完成时 表示动作发生在过去，完成在过去，但强调与现在情况仍有联系，其结果或影响仍存在。 They have lived in Beijing for five years. 他们在北京已经住了5年了。 4．一般过去时 表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作，或过去习惯性动作，不强调对现在的影响，只说明过去。常跟明确的过去时间连用，如：yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; He used to smoke a lot. 他过去抽烟比较厉害。 5. 过去进行时 表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作。 Beijing was hosting the 29th Olympic Games in August 2008. 在2008年8月，北京正在举行29届奥运会。 6. 过去完成时 表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作，即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语，这种时态从来不孤立使用( before, after, by, up till ) They finished earlier than we had expected. 他们提前完成了（工作）。 7. 一般将来时 表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况。常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用。 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我明天就要离开北京。 8、将来进行时 表将来某个时间正在发生的动作，或按计划一定会发生的事情。 I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业。 9、将来完成时 表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情，时间状语非常明显。常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间。如：by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句。 By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot. 到下个月底，他步行将达到1000英里。 英语共有十六个时态、四个体。（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行。） 英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式，如：直陈式，命令式等。
高中英语语法大全归纳总结-高中语法归纳总结
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高考英语语法精华总结 代词的用法
代词用法 一、代词分类 人称代词物主代词反身代词指示代词不定代词疑问代词连接代词关系代词 I me my mine self this some who 名词从句定语从句 二、人称代词：谁主格宾格 并列人称代词的排列顺序：单数人称第二人称—第三人称—第一人称you,he and I 复数人称第一人称—第二人称—第三人称we,you and they 三、物主代词：表示所有关系谁的形容词性名词性my mine 形容词性物主代词与own连用表示强调I saw it with my own eyes. 用定冠词the代替形容词性物主代词表示身体的某个部位 Touch sb on the head hit sb on the nose strike sb in the face take/catch/pull sb by the arm/head on 表面的，很硬by 顺手牵羊in 内部的，软的部位 名词性物主代词做主语、表语、宾语 四、反身代词表示自己self（自己） 做同位语，表强调（自己，亲自），要重读在名词或代词之后或句末My mother made the shoes herself. 固定搭配：take care of oneself 保重enjoy oneself by oneself 单独地of oneself 自动地for oneself 给自己in oneself 本性、本身between ourselves 天知地知你知我知among themselves 在…之间help youself 五、指示代词这个那个这些那些this that these those 六、疑问代词who whom whose which what 谁介词之后用whom What which 前者指人，后者指物；which是在有限的范围内选择，而what泛指哪一类Which book do you like best? What books do you like best? 七、连接代词引导名词性从句，主语、宾语、表语和定语who, whom ，whose, what ,which Who will teach you English is still unknown. 八、关系代词引导定语从句，又在从句中担任某种成分：作用：1、引导定语从句，修饰一个名词或代词（即先行词）, 2、代替先行词在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语或表语 九、不定代词不确定而笼统地表示某些人、某些事物的代词 Both either neither all none every(每一个，侧重整体) each（侧重个体） Other another every other line every other day （每隔） * Every student should study hard. Each student has a book.. (人手一本书) few a few little a little many much a lot lots of many a (第三人称单数) 相互代词each other one another 形容词性与名词性 Others another the other(两者中的另一个) the others some others
英语语法大全总结
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