医学补充阅读：New Strategy

合集下载

strategies翻译

strategies翻译strategies翻译是：战略; 对策; 策略( strategy的名词复数); 战略学; 例句a comprehensive strategy towards regional development针对区域性开发的综合战略a strategy for capturing a major market share.获主要市场份额的战略The nation's geopolitical strategy is yet uncharted.该国的地缘政治的策略还不被人所知The new strategy may not work out.新战略也许不会有令人满意的效果a counterforce strategy; counterforce weapons.打击军事力量战略；打击军事力量武器antigreenmail strategies; antigreenmail legislation.反绿票讹诈策略；反绿票讹诈法律the adaptation of teaching strategy to meet students' needs.修订教学方法以适应学生的需要。

we planned our strategies backstage.我们秘密地计划策略。

for the sake of clarity , each of these strategies is dealt with separately.为清晰起见，每条策略分别处理。

such an expensive strategy requires cool nerves.如此耗资巨大的计划只有胆识之士才能提出。

[as adj.]a general strategy for de novo protein design.蛋白质结构重新设计的总策略。

talk of ‘rhetoric’and ‘strategy’is impertinent to this process.谈"辩术"和"策略"跟这一过程毫不相干。

医学补充阅读：Patients and Doctors Need More

医学补充阅读：Patients and Doctors Need Morein a bma report launched today, 14 june 2005, doctors are calling for education programmes for health professionals and patients about available over-the-counter (otc) medicines.over-the-counter medication is being launched by thebma's (british medical association's) board of science and is aimed at health professionals and policy makers.the self-management of medical conditions and long-term self-treatment to prevent ill health is likely to be more extensive in the future. it is essential, therefore, says the report that patients and doctors understand both the benefits and risks of otc medicines. otc medication enables people to take responsibility for their own health and reduces their need to see doctors about minor conditions.increased switching from prescription only medicines (pom) to pharmacy medicines (p) has meant that the public can self-treat more conditions than ever before but highlightsthe key role of pharmacists as well as the need for education.risks as well as benefits can be associated with otc medicines and the new bma report says the public needs to be made aware of this. there can be potentially dangerous consequences from combining otc medicines and someprescription only drugs. the herbal drug, st john's wort, has adverse effects on some commonly prescribed medicines, for example, blood thinning drugs like warfarin, thecontraceptive pill, and some anti-depressants. pharmacists can advise on this.。

医学科普文章英文版

医学科普文章英文版1为什么总是睡不好?十大常见睡眠错误Most of us have struggled at some point with sleep. Whether it’s not getting enough sleepor struggling to get up in the morning, it can bedifficult to get the balance just right.大多数人都遇到过一些睡眠问题。

有可能是睡得不够，又或者是早晨起不来，很难达到平衡睡得舒服。

However, sleep is essential if we want to be productive in life. It provides us with theenergy we need to get stuff done!然而为了保证精力充沛，睡眠是十分必要的。

我们需要睡足了才有精力干活!Here are the 10 most common sleep mistakes people make and a few tips for avoidingthem!下面列出了常见的十大睡眠错误以及纠正小贴士。

1. The snooze button闹钟止闹按钮Don’t EVER hit the snoozebutton. It really is much more beneficial tojust get up on yourfirst alarm. Think about it – the snooze button gives you an extra 10 minutes or so sleep. Inthe grand scheme of your day this really won’t provide you with any more energy. In-fact itdoes the opposite. Research has shown that ‘interrupted sleep’ can cause us to feel moretired.千万不要按止闹按钮，其实在闹铃一响时就起来对身体更好。

专题21 医药医学6篇-备战2022年高考英语阅读理解话题提分

2022高考英语阅读理解医药医学1A Magical ExperienceOne hot August afternoon, Deena Hoagland and her son Joe sat on a floating platform at Dolphins Plus, a marine（海洋）center near their home in Florida. Nearby, a large, powerful, six-hundred-pound dolphin circled to study the mother and her child. Suddenly, it splashed the Hoaglands with water. That is when something amazing happened. Three-year-old Joe Hoagland smiled. Sitting with Joe on her lap, Deena smiled, too, as her heart leapt with joy. It was the first sign of hope she had seen in Joe since his stroke（中风）six weeks earlier.Joe Hoagland was born with a rare heart condition that had forced him to spend much of his first three years of life in hospitals. After a series of open-heart surgeries, Joe seemed to be doing better, but the last surgery on his heart resulted in a stroke, which left him unable to move one side and to see out of one eye.Worse still, the spirit of the child, who had bravely battled his illness until then was seemingly broken. Afraid of his doctors and unwilling to participate in efforts at physical therapy（治疗）, Joe grew listless, losing interest even in his favorite toys.Having heard of a new therapeutic approach termed “dolphin-assisted therapy,” Deena phoned Dolphins Plus and asked permission to bring her son along. There Joe met Fonzie, the playful dolphin. With each passing visit, Joe seemed to make more p rogress. Before long, he was regaining some movement on his left side. Dolphins Plus trainers urged Joe to get into the water and swim with his new friend. Joe, however, was reluctant. Gradually, though, Joe became more comfortable with the large dolphin, and by mid-September, Joe was swimming with his friends.Over the next two years, Joe fully recovered from the paralysis and partial blindness that his doctors thought irreversible. Now a healthy, active teenager, Joe lives a life similar to any of his friends. He visits and swims frequently with his friend Fonzie and helps his parent with Island Dolphin Care. Deena started Island Dolphin Care to work with Dolphins Plus to share the benefits of dolphin therapy with other special-needs children and their parents.41．Deena Hoagland smiled when Fonzie splashed Joe with water because .A．the dolphin’s action is amazing B．Joe’s reaction brought her hope C．she was af fected by Joe’s joy D．she realized Joe recovered 42．Paragraph 2-4 are written to .A．expose the dangers of strokesB．identify the problems Joe facedC．describe Joe’s recovery from beginning to endD．show readers the process of “dolphin-assisted therapy”43．What does the underlined word mean in paragraph 3?A. angry and inflexible B．more mature and silentC．lacking energy and concern D．cautious and shy44. Which statement about Joe is Not True?A. Joe received several surgeries on the heart when he was a little child.B. Joe was the first one to receive dolphin-assisted therapy.C. Doctors used to think that Joe could not recover.D. Now Joe worked with his parents in the Island Dolphin Care.45．We may conclude from the passage that .A．dolphin therapy has helped many children to improve their livesB．Joe recovered faster because of his desire to live with FonzieC．doctors’mistake during his surgeries brought Joe great painD．his mother’s company contributes greatly to Joe’s recovery2The British National Health Service (NHS) was set up in 1948 and was designed to provide equal basic health care, free of charge, for everybody in the country. Before this time health care had to be paid for by individuals.Nowadays central government is directly responsible for the NHS although it is administered by local health authorities. About 83 percent of the cost of the health service is paid for by general taxation and the rest is met from the National Insurance contributions paid by those in work. Thereare charges for prescription and dental care but many people, such as children, pregnant women, pensioners, and those on Income Support, are exempt from payment.Most people are registered with a local doctor (a GP, or General Practitioner) who is increasingly likely to be part of a health centre which serves the community.As the population of Britain gets older, the hospital service now treats more patients than before, although patients spend less time in hospital. NHS hospitals—many of which were built in the nineteenth century—provide nearly half a million beds and have over 480, 000 medical staff. The NHS is the biggest employer in Europe although Britain actually spends less per person on health care than most of her European neighbors.During the 1980s there was considerable restructuring of the Health Service with an increased emphasis on managerial efficiency and the privatization of some services (for example, cleaning). At the end of the 1980s the government introduced proposals for further reform of the NHS, including allowing some hospitals to be self-governing, and encouraging GPs to compete for patients. Patients would be able to choose and change their family doctor more easily and GPs would have more financial responsibility. The political questions continue of how much money should be provided to support the NHS and where it should come from.46. We can know from the first paragraph that ______.A. the original aim of the NHS was to provide equal basic health care for everybodyB. peo ple didn’t have to pay for health care since the NHS was set upC. patients were charged for receiving health care before 1948D. the NHS was an organization which gave free advice to villagers47. What do we know about the NHS?A. It’s managed by the central government.B. Its cost is mainly paid for by the National Insurance contributions.C. It hires more people than any other unit in Europe.D. Fewer patients go to its hospitals than before because they spend less on health care.48. All the following statements about GPs are true except that they ______.A. take care of the local people’s healthB. often take part in competitions to see who is the bestC. work under high pressure nowadaysD. have more responsibilities than before49. What does the underlined word “exempt” probably mean?A. sufferingB. differentC. preventedD. free50. The biggest problem for the NHS is ______.A. many hospitals are too old to be usedB. some services are in the charge of individualsC. more and more patients go to GPs for treatmentD. there is not enough money for further reform3Can you believe your eyes? A recent experiment suggests that the answer to that question may depend on your age.Martin Doherty, a psychologist at the University of Stirling in Scotland, led the team of scientists. In this experiment, Doherty and his team tested the perception(观察力) of some people, using pictures of some orange circles. The researchers showed the same pictures to two groups of people. The first group included 151 children aged 4 to 10, and the second group included 24 adults aged 18 to 25.The first group of pictures showed two circles alone on a white background. One of the circles was larger than the other, and these people were asked to identify the larger one. Four-year-olds identified the correct circle 79 percent of the time. Adults identified the correct circle 95 percent of the time.Next, both groups were shown a picture where the orange circles, again of different sizes, were surrounded by gray circles. Here’s where the trick lies in. In some of the pictures, the smaller orange circle was surrounded by even smaller gray circles — making the orange circle appear larger than the other orange circle, which was the real larger one. And the larger orange circle was surrounded by even bigger gray circles — so it appeared to be smaller than the real smaller orange circle.When young children aged 4 to 6 looked at these tricky pictures, they weren’t fooled — they were still able to find the bigger circle with roughly the same accuracy as before. Older children and adults, on the other hand, did not do as well. Older children often identified the smaller circle as thelarger one, and adults got it wrong most of the time.As children get older, Doherty said, their brains may develop the ability to identify visual context. In other words, they will begin to process the whole picture at once: the tricky gray circles, as well as the orange circle in the middle. As a result, they’re more likely to fall for this kind of visual trick.41．Doherty and his team of scientists did an experiment to evaluate .A．children’s and adults’eye-sightB．people’s ability to see accuratelyC．children’s and adults’brainsD．the influence of people’s age42．When asked to find the larger circle, .A．children at 6 got it wrong 79 % of the time with no gray ones aroundB．only adults over 18 got it right 95% of the time with gray ones aroundC．children at 4 got it right about 79 % of the time with gray ones aroundD．adults got it right most of the time with gray ones around43．According to the passage, we can know that .A．a smaller orange circle appears bigger on a white backgroundB．an orange circle appears bigger than a gray one of the same sizeC．a circle surrounded by other circles looks bigger than its real sizeD．a circle surrounded by bigger ones looks smaller than its real size44．Visual context may work when children get older than .A．4B．6C．10D．1845．Why are younger children not fooled?A．Because they are smarter than older children and adults.B．Because older people are influenced by their experience.C．Because people’s eyes become weaker as they grow older.D．Because their brain can hardly notice related things together.4French surgeons have performed what they said on Wednesday was the world’s first partialface transplant ----- giving a new nose, chin and lips to a woman attacked by a dog.Specialists from two French hospitals carried out the operation on a 38-year-old woman on Sunday in the northern city of Amiens by taking the face from a brain-dead woman, who had hanged herself just hours before the operation. Her family agreed on the operation.“The patient is in an excellent state and the transplant looks normal.” The hospitals said in a brief statement after waiting three days to announce the pioneering surgery.The woman had been left without a nose and lips after the dog attacked her last May, and was unable to talk or chew properly. Such injuries are “extremely difficult, if not impossible” to repair using normal surgical techniques, the statement said.The statement did not say what the woman would look like when she had fully recovered, but medical experts said she was unlikely to resemble the woman who had been the source of her new face.The operation was led by Jean-Michel Dubernard, a specialist from a hospital in Lyon who has also carried out hand transplants.Skin transplants have long been used to treat burns and other injuries, but operations around the mouth and nose have been considered very difficult because of the area’s high sensitivity to foreign tissue.Teams in France, the United States and Britain had been developing techniques to make face transplants a reality.There was a short-term risk for the patient if blood vessels (脉管) became blocked, a medium-term danger of her body rejecting the new skin and a long-term possibility that the drugs used could cause cancers.Experts say that although such medical advances should be celebrated, the transplant had thrown up moral and ethical (伦理的) issues. Little is known about the psychological effect of the transplant.51. The best title for the passage would be _________ .A. French Woman has First Partial Face TransplantB. First Face Transplant Opens DebateC. Risks and Ethical Problems of a Face TransplantD. A Complete Face Transplant of a French Woman52. Why did the woman need such an operation.A. Her face had been bitten by a dogB. Her face had been burnt in a fireC. She was born especially uglyD. She wanted to test such an operation53. The underlined word “resemble” means ___________ .A. to remember foreverB. to recognize immediatelyC. to set as an exampleD. to exhibit similarity or likeness to54. What can we learn about he operation?A. The woman had used the dead woman’s whole face.B. There has arisen a debate about he operationC. The woman will suffer from psychological damage soon.D. Such transplants have been performed by doctors.55. Which of the following is NOT one of the risks of the operation?A. Block of blood vessels.B. Organ rejectionC. Heart damageD. Side effect of the drugs5Motherhood may make women smarter and may help prevent dementia(痴呆) in old age by bathing the brain in protective hormones(荷尔蒙) , U.S. researchers reported on Thursday.Tests on rats show that those who raise two or more litters of pups do considerably better in tests of memory and skills than rats who have no babies, and their brains show changes that suggest they may be protected against diseases such as Alzheimer’s(早老痴呆症). University of Richmond psychology professor Craig Kinsley believes his findings will translate into humans.“Our research shows that the hormones of pregnancy(怀孕) are protecting the brain, including estrogen(雌激素), which we know has many neuroprotective (保护神经的) effects,”Kinsley said.“It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals,” he added in a telephone interview. “They go through pregnancy and hormonal changes.”Kinsley said he hoped public health officials and researchers will look to see if having had children protects a woman from Alzheimer’s and other forms of age-related brain decline.“When people think about pregnancy, they think about what happens to babies and the motherfrom the neck down,” said Kinsley, who presented his findings to the annual meeting of the Society of Neuroscience in Orlando, Florida.“They do not realize that hormones are washing on the brain. If you look at female animals who have never gone through pregnancy, they act differently toward young. But if she goes through pregnancy, she will sacrifice her life for her infant—that is a great change in her behavior that showed in genetic changes to the brain.”51. How do scientists know “Motherhood may make women smarter”?A. They know it by experimenting on rats.B. Many women say so.C. Some researchers have told them.D. They know it through their own experience.52. What does the phrase “litters of pups” mean in the second paragraph?A. Old rats.B. Animals.C. Baby rats.D. Grown-up rats.53. What can protect the brain of a woman according to the passage?A. Estrogen.B. Taking care of children.C. More exercise.D. The hormones of pregnancy.54. “It’s rat data but humans are mammals just like these animals are mammals.” What does thesentence suggest?A. The experiments on the rats are much the same on humans.B. The experiments on the rats are very important for animals.C. The experiments on the rats have nothing to do with humans.D. The experiments on the rats are much the same on other animals.55. Which title is the best for this passage?A. Do You Want to Be Smarter?B. An Important StudyC. Mysterious HormonesD. Motherhood Makes Women Smarter6For most pregnant women, exercise is the last thing on their minds. After all, keeping slim while you’re expecting isn’t exactly the top priority— rather, it’s making sure your baby gets enough nutrients to grow. But in a small new study, researchers at the University of Auckland in New Zealand report that a mother’s regular aerobic exercise may be good for a growing fetus’ health — and may even help a baby get a healthier start in life.The finding is a bit surprising, because exercise is known to lower the risk of insulin resistance （胰岛素抵抗），a condition eventually leading to diabetes（糖尿病）. Although insulin resistance is a detriment in healthy adults, it turns out to be helpful for proper fetal（胎儿）development. In pregnant women, this condition means nutrients get shunted to the growing baby.The question is: could a mother’s exercise put her developing baby’s food supply at risk? Past studies looking at the effect of exercise on birth weight have been inconclusive, and none have really investigated the influence of exercise on the mother’s sensitivity to insulin. So the University of Auckland’s Dr. Paul Hoffman and his team decided to study 84 first-time mothers, who were of normal weight on average, and track any effects aerobic exercise(有氧运动) might have on their insulin sensitivity and, ultimately, on their babies’birth weight. Researchers asked some women to exercise on a stationary bicycle for at least 40 minutes per session, up to five times each week, starting in the 20th week of pregnancy; the other women were not specifically asked to exercise. When the two groups and their babies were compared, the team found that women who bicycled regularly gave birth to babies who were on average 150g lighter than those born to the non-exercising mothers. In both groups, however, the babies were of healthy weight, and there was no difference in the mothers’weights.Generally speaking, babies on the lower end of the normal weight range are considered healthier and less prone to developing diabetes and obesity than heavier ones, so this was an encouraging result. Even more reassuring was that regular exercise did not seem to affect the flow of nutrients to the growing babies in the womb.41. According to the new study, a pregnant woman’s regular exercise may _______.A. bring benefits to a baby’s growthB. lower the risk of insulin resistanceC. put her baby’s food supply at riskD. help her keep slim and healthy42. What does the underlined word “detriment” mean in the second paragraph?A. Something that brings good.B. Something that brings damage.C. Something that brings obstacles.D. Something that brings development.43. What is the purpose of the experiment carried out by Dr. Paul Hoffman?A. To investigate the influence of exercise on pregnant women.B. To find out what aerobic exercise can benefit a baby’s growth.C. To make sure of the effects exercise may have on babies’ birth weightD. To compare the differences between mothers who exercise and who don’t44. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A. Lighter babies are generally believed to be healthier than heavier ones.B. Non－exercising mothers will definitely give birth to heavier babies.C. No studies have looked at the effect of exercise on birth weight before.D. Some women studied were asked to exercise regularly while some don’t.45. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. All mothers should take aerobic exercise.B. Moms who exercise give birth to lighter babies。

雅思阅读十大领域之医学篇

雅思阅读十大领域之医学篇(总分：99.98，做题时间：90分钟)一、{{B}}Part Ⅰ Matching{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：17.00)a. fatalb. maintainc. suppositiond. eradicatee. handle（分数：5.00）(1).assumption（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：c）解析：(2).lethal（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：a）解析：(3).eliminate（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：d）解析：(4).tackle（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：e）解析：(5).sustain（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：b）解析：a. famouslyb. controlledc. doubtfuld. elemente. core（分数：5.00）(1).captive（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：b）解析：(2).pith（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：e）解析：(3).notoriously（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：a）解析：(4).dubious（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）解析：(5).ingredient（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：d）解析：a. persuadeb. insufficientc. spontaneous urged. ignoree. compassionatef. collectg. cause（分数：7.00）(1).sympathetic（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：e）解析：(2).convince（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：a）解析：(3).neglect（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：d）解析：(4).scant（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：b）解析：(5).impulse（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：c）解析：(6).induce（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：g）解析：(7).accumulate（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：f）解析：二、{{B}}Part Ⅱ true or false questions{{/B}}(总题数：3，分数：3.00)1.A large amount of money has been invested in dealing with malaria in the world.（分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：2.Almost all of the people died of malaria are infants.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误√解析：3.The mortality rate of children caused by malaria in Africa is higher than people thought. （分数：1.00）A.正确√B.错误解析：三、{{B}}Part Ⅲ essay question{{/B}}(总题数：6，分数：12.00)4.What did Dr. Engel say at the Edinburgh Science Festival?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Although some people are skeptical of self-medicating behaviour in wild animals, more and more animal behaviourists think that is true.)解析：5.Why do animals have the behaviour named geophagy?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Because the soil supplies minerals for animals, and the clay in soil can help to detoxify the poisons of some plants.)解析：6.What have people learned from animals about self-medication?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(People use the animals' way to improve their health, such as geophagy.)解析：7.According to Paragraph A, what do doctors do when they want to use placebo effect?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(They treat their patients with warmth, sympathy, reassurance and enthusiasm, and keep physical contact with their patients.)解析：8.How do people's state of mind influence their physiology?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Anger opens the superficial blood vessels of the face; sadness pumps the tear glands.) 解析：9.What did the London rheumatologist find about how to trigger the placebo effect?（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________正确答案：(Red dummy capsules made more effective painkillers than blue, green or yellow ones.) 解析：四、Part Ⅳ Actual Test(总题数：3，分数：68.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Malaria Kills Twice as Many People as Previously ThoughtMalaria kills twice as many people every year as formerly believed, taking 1.2 million lives and causing the deaths not only of babies but also older children and adults, according to the research that overturns decades of assumptions about one of the world's most lethal diseases. The research comes from the highly respected Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME), and is published in the Lancet medical journal. It has reanalysed 30 years of data on the disease using new techniques and will force a rethink of the huge global effort that has been under way toeliminate malaria. That ambition now looks highly unlikely by the UN target date of 2015.It also raises urgent questions about the future of the troubled global fund to fight Aids, TB and Malaria, which has provided the money for most of the tools to combat the disease in Africa, such asinsecticide-impregnated bed nets and new drugs. The fund is in financial crisis and has had to cancel its next grant-making round.Dr. Christopher Murray and colleagues have systematically collected data on deaths from all over the world over a 30-year period, from 1980 to 2010, using new methodologies and inventive ways of measuring mortality in countries where deaths are not conventionally recorded. The work on malaria is part of a much bigger project which has already led to new estimates of the death rates of women in childbirth and pregnancy and from breast and cervical cancer. Their figure of 1.2 million deaths for 2010 is nearly double the 655,000 estimated in last year's World Malaria Report. The good news is that they have confirmed the downward trend that the World Health Organisation's report showed, as a result of efforts by donors, aid organisations and governments to tackle the disease. The bad news is that the decline comes from a much higher peak—deaths hit 1.8 million in 2004, they say. That means the interventions such as better treatment and bed nets are working, but there is much further to go than everybody had assumed.'You learn in medical school that people exposed to malaria as children develop immunity and rarely die from malaria as adults,' said Murray, IHME director and the study's lead author. 'What we have found in hospital records, death records, surveys and other sources shows that just is not the case.' Most deaths are still in children, but a fifth are among those aged 15 to 49, 9% are among 50- to 69-year-olds and 6% are in people over 70, so a third of all deaths are in adults. In countries outsidesub-Saharan Africa, more than 40% of deaths were in adults.In Africa, though, the contribution of malaria to children's deaths is higher than had been thought, causing 24% of their deaths in 2008 and not 16% as found by a report by Black and colleagues, whose methodology was used in the World Malaria Report.That means that malaria needs a higher priority if the millennium development goal of cutting child mortality by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015 is to be achieved, say the authors. They add: 'That malaria isa previously unrecognised driver of adult mortality also means that the benefits and cost-effectiveness of malaria control, elimination and eradication are likely to have been underestimated.'There is a need, they say, to pay attention to the risks malaria poses to adults and they support the recent strategy to hand outinsecticide-impregnated bed nets to protect all members of the household against mosquitoes carrying malaria parasites, instead of insisting they are only for babies and pregnant women, as was originally the case. Malaria deaths have come down by 32% from 1.8 million in 2004 to 1.2 million in 2010 because of the sustained effort to get bed nets into homes, indoor spraying and new artemisinin combination drugs—older anti-malarials do not work in many areas because the parasite has developed resistance to them. More than two-thirds of this has been paid for by the Geneva-based global fund, which has suffered from donors' unwillingness to invest more money.Professor Rifat Atun, director of strategy, performance and evaluation at the fund, said more than $2.5bn (￡1.6bn) had been disbursed for malaria control between 2009 and 2011. By the end of 2011, 235m bed nets had been distributed. Money that had been pledged was still coming in, he said, which meant it would be able to invest substantially this year and next. 'What we are not able to achieve is the rate of increase in investment of the last few years. The trajectory we have been able to establish will not be realised,' he said. 'Given the new burden that Christopher Murray has been able to show, we really need to ramp up investments in malaria and that really needs more funding. The mortality figures are much, much larger. We need to double our efforts to address the burden that we have.' The Department for International Development said: 'We are committed to helping halve malaria deaths in at least 10 of the worst affected countries. We will do this by increasing the number of bed nets used by women and children; improving the diagnosis and treatment of malarial; and strengthening health information systems to better monitor progress and target interventions.'—Guardian （分数：13.00）(1).Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from Reading Passage 1 for each answer.Write your answers in boxes on your answer sheet.Malaria, as the one of the {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}diseases tends to kill both {{U}} {{U}}2 {{/U}} {{/U}}and {{U}} {{U}}3 {{/U}} {{/U}}besides little babies. In order to eliminate malaria, the research of IHME use {{U}} {{U}}4 {{/U}} {{/U}}and now it seems that its target is almost impossible to achieve. IHME also reminds people of the problems of {{U}} {{U}}5 {{/U}} {{/U}}to fight Aids, TB and Malaria. In fact, a considerable amount of money has been provided for the technology used to deal with these diseases, such as {{U}} {{U}}6 {{/U}} {{/U}}and {{U}} {{U}}7 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Nevertheless, more money is needed.（分数：1.00）填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：most lethal/world's most lethal）解析：第一段Malaria kills twice...world's most lethal diseases. 均为原词。

阅读策略生物医学英文文献阅读策略与方法PPT课件

读者可在“新闻与观点”中了解到他们自己的领域以及其他领域中什么是最热门的。这种文章必须将某一项成果讲清楚，必须能让读者找到一个兴奋点，然而又必须客观公正地对研究工作进行评价，并与他人的研究工作进行比较。这样的文章大多数都是约稿
–Although elimination may be key to a healthy response to some microbes, a recent paper in Nature reports that regulatory T cells actually aid the survival of some intracellular parasites, which ensures a memory response.
固有免疫：对继承性免疫的影响
IL-12和 IL-23：固有免疫和继承性免疫的关键调节因子
丙型肝炎病毒颠覆免疫应答：超越免疫逃避的免疫调节策略
12
About Trends in Immunology
• Trends in Immunology publishes concise, lively and up-to-date articles that highlight advances in the diverse fields of immunology.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia 9
综述 (Review or Review article)
•文献综述是旨在复习一个特定的科学领域或科学问题当前知识的关键点，包括新的科学发现及其理论上和方法学贡献的一种文献形式
•文献综述只是次生科学知识来源，并不报告任何新的或原始实验结果

医学英文文献阅读策略

医学英文文献阅读策略阅读医学英文文献可以采取以下策略：1. 预读摘要和目录：先阅读文献的摘要和目录，了解文献的主题、目的、方法和重要结论，以判断是否值得继续深入阅读。

2. 关注引言和讨论部分：这两个部分通常提供了研究背景、研究问题、研究方法和结果的详细说明。

通过阅读这些部分，可以了解文献的研究设计、样本选择和数据分析方法，加深对文献内容的理解。

3. 查看实验设计和方法部分：对于实验性研究文献，特别关注实验设计和方法，了解研究者的实验步骤和所采用的技术和仪器。

如果有需要，可以详细阅读这部分以了解文献的实验操作。

4. 阅读结果部分：对于数据和结果感兴趣的读者，可以仔细阅读结果部分。

对于统计分析和图表，要仔细理解结果的含义和统计学意义。

5. 合理选择文献阅读顺序：对于新手来说，可以先阅读综述性文献或者文献综述，了解某个特定领域的最新进展和研究方向。

然后再根据自己的研究兴趣和需求，选择具体的原始研究文献进行阅读。

6. 制定读书计划：阅读医学英文文献需要时间和精力，因此建议制定一个合理的读书计划，每天或每周安排一定时间进行阅读，保持连续性和积累性，不要贪多嚼不烂。

7. 笔记和总结：在阅读过程中，可以做简要的笔记或总结，帮助理解和记忆。

对于一些重要的观点或结论，可以做一些标记或高亮。

8. 协作阅读：可以与其他同行或导师进行阅读讨论，互相交流思想和观点。

对于一些复杂的文献或方法，可以寻求他人的帮助和解释。

9. 多渠道获取文献：医学英文文献可以通过学术数据库、图书馆、开放获取论文网站等渠道获取。

不同渠道的文献可能有所不同，可以综合利用。

10. 持续学习和提高：阅读医学英文文献是一个长期的学习过程，需要不断学习和提高，熟悉相关的医学术语和统计方法，提高阅读效率和理解能力。

以上是一些建议的医学英文文献阅读策略，读者可以根据自己的情况和需求进行灵活运用。

医学英语补充阅读：New language center found in the brain

医学英语补充阅读：New language center found in the brainreuters healthby david douglaswednesday, december 8, 2004new york (reuters health) - the pressurized metered-dose inhalers familiar to people with asthma and other respiratory problems are frequently not used in the right way, and this is also the case with the newer dry powder inhalers, italian researchers report."it is known that many patients using pressurized metered-dose inhalers have a poor inhalation technique, which possibly reduces the drug delivery to the lung," dr. andrea s. melani told reuters health. "we have shown that in real life, many experienced patients were also using newer dry powder inhalers with a similar percentage of critical errors."melani, at the azienda ospedaliera senese in siena, andcolleagues note that manufacturers have claimed that dry powder inhalers are easier to use than earlier devices because they do not require breathing to be coordinated with actuating the inhaler. studies appear to confirm the claim.to determine if this is also true in practice, the researchers evaluated the inhalation technique of 1404 outpatients, most of whom had asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease such as emphysema.as reported in the annals of allergy asthma and immunology, about half of the participants most often used a traditional metered dose inhaler, while the others used a dry powder inhaler ——that is, the aerolizer inhaler, the turbuhaler, or the diskus inhaler. melani's group found that 24 percent of pressurized metered-dose inhalers users did so poorly. however, only 3 percent of those who used the inhaler in conjunction with a spacer used the device incorrectly.failure to use the correct technique was seen in 17 percent of aerolizer inhaler users. for the turbuhaler, the proportion was 23 percent, and for the diskus it was 24 percent.summing up, melani noted that "education, and not simply changing to the newer dry powder inhalers withoutadequate training, is the best strategy for minimizing key errors when inhalers are used."。

医学英语(阅读一分册)翻译及答案

医学英语(阅读一分册)翻译及答案前言本文主要是对医学英语阅读一分册所涉及的文章进行翻译和答案解析。

医学英语是一门专业性很强的英语，阅读一分册的内容涉及到医学领域的相关知识点。

通过研读本册内容，可以帮助学习者扩充 medical 的词汇量，增强阅读和理解能力。

文章一：Medical Insurance翻译医疗保险是一种保障人们健康的保险，它可以减轻因疾病引起的财务压力。

如今，医疗保险不仅是居民的福利，也是企业员工的权益之一。

不同的医疗保险有不同的政策，例如政府提供的医疗保险、商业化的医疗保险等，这些保险可以针对个人的需求进行选择。

医疗保险可以为病人提供帮助的同时，也为医疗机构提供利益。

由于医疗保险可以减轻病人的财务压力，病人对医疗的需求增加，这就提高了医疗机构的收入。

此外，医疗保险也有助于推进新的医学技术和治疗方法的研发。

在选择医疗保险时，需要考虑自己的需求和能力。

如果有家庭成员患有慢性疾病或需要经常看病，选择保险的时候需要考虑保险的报销额度和覆盖范围。

此外，不同的保险公司收取的费用也不同，在选择的时候需要做好比较和分析。

答案解析1.What is medical insurance for?Medical insurance is for protecting people’s health and reducing financial pressure caused by illness.2.What kind of policy do different medical insurances have?Different medical insurances have different policies, such as government-provided medical insurance and commercial medical insurance.3.What benefits can medical insurance provide for medical institutions?Medical insurance can increase the demand for medical treatment, promote the development of new medical technologies and treatment methods, and provide benefits for medical institutions.4.What should be considered when choosing medical insurance?When choosing medical insurance, people should consider their own needs and capabilities, including the reimbursement limit and coverage range of the insurance as well as the fees charged by different insurance companies.文章二：Heart Health翻译心脏健康是人们健康的重要组成部分，然而最近的研究表明，越来越多的人患有心脏病。

临床医学英语阅读

临床医学英语阅读The field of clinical medicine is a vast and complex domain that encompasses the study, diagnosis, and treatment of various health conditions. As healthcare professionals navigate this dynamic landscape, the ability to effectively read and comprehend medical literature in English has become increasingly crucial. Clinical medical English reading is a vital skill that enables healthcare providers to stay informed, make evidence-based decisions, and deliver the highest quality of patient care.One of the primary reasons why clinical medical English reading is so important is the global nature of the healthcare industry. Medical research and advancements are often published in English, the lingua franca of the scientific community. Healthcare professionals from diverse linguistic backgrounds must be able to access and understand this wealth of information to ensure they are providing their patients with the most up-to-date and effective treatments. This is particularly true in an era of rapid technological advancement, where new research and innovations are constantly emerging, and healthcare providers must be able to quickly adapt and incorporatethese findings into their practice.Moreover, the ability to read and comprehend clinical medical literature in English is essential for effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals. As medical teams become increasingly interdisciplinary and global, the ability to understand and interpret medical terminology, research methodologies, and clinical case studies in English is crucial for ensuring seamless coordination and the delivery of high-quality patient care. This is especially important in emergency situations or when consulting with specialists from different countries, where clear and concise communication in English can mean the difference between life and death.In addition to the practical benefits of clinical medical English reading, the ability to engage with this literature can also have a profound impact on a healthcare provider's professional development and career advancement. By staying up-to-date with the latest research, trends, and best practices in their field, healthcare professionals can enhance their clinical expertise, improve patient outcomes, and position themselves as leaders in their respective domains. Furthermore, the ability to read and critically analyze medical literature in English can open up opportunities for collaboration, research, and publication, which can further bolster a healthcare provider's reputation and career prospects.To effectively engage in clinical medical English reading, healthcare professionals must develop a strong foundation in medical terminology, research methodologies, and academic writing conventions. This may involve formal training in English for specific purposes (ESP) or medical English, as well as ongoing self-directed learning and practice. Additionally, healthcare providers should cultivate a habit of regularly reading and critically analyzing medical literature, staying attuned to new developments and emerging best practices in their field.One effective strategy for clinical medical English reading is to approach the task with a structured and systematic approach. This may involve breaking down complex research articles or case studies into manageable sections, identifying key information and takeaways, and actively engaging with the text through note-taking, highlighting, and summarization. Healthcare providers should also be mindful of potential linguistic and cultural differences that may impact their understanding of the material, and seek out resourcesor support to address any gaps in their knowledge or comprehension.Furthermore, the ability to effectively communicate the insights and findings from clinical medical English reading is equally important. Healthcare providers must be able to synthesize and articulate thekey points and implications of their reading in a clear, concise, and accessible manner, whether in written reports, presentations, or discussions with colleagues and patients.In conclusion, clinical medical English reading is a critical skill for healthcare professionals in the modern era. By developing proficiency in this area, healthcare providers can stay informed, make evidence-based decisions, and deliver the highest quality of patient care. Moreover, the ability to engage with medical literature in English can have far-reaching implications for professional development, career advancement, and the overall advancement of the healthcare industry. As the global healthcare landscape continues to evolve, the importance of clinical medical English reading will only grow, making it an essential competency for all healthcare professionals.。

学术英语(医学)-课后词组

学术英语（医学）课后词组Unit 11.neuron overload 神经过载2.a typical office visit 典型的诊所就诊3.DEXA scan DEXA扫描4.medical practice 行医5.blood pressure control 血压控制6.health maintenance 健康保持7.mammogram report 乳房X线检查报告8.physical examination 体检9.side effect of a medication 药物的副作用10.perpetual panic 永久的恐慌11.practicing physicians 职业医生12.transplant field 移植领域13.medical budget 医疗预算14.paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛药片15.childproof cap 防孩子打开的盖子16.randomized clinical trial 随机临床试验17.random allocation 随机分配18.patient prognosis 病人的预后19.control group 对照组20.a 10-year follow-up study 10年的跟踪研究21.a medical ward 内科病房22.infectious hepatitis 传染性肝炎23.Severe malaise 身体严重不适24.bilirubin metabolism 胆红素代谢25.permanent liver damage 永久的肝损伤26.exacerbate pathophysiology 加重病理生理状况27.medical literature 医学文献28.clinical investigation 临床调查29.incidence of relapse 复发率30.clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学31.strict bed rest 严格的卧床休息32.hospital stay 住院33.recurrent jaundice 反复发作的黄疸34.clinical course 临床病程35.intravenous morphine 静脉注射吗啡36.diastolic blood pressure 舒张压37.brain perfusion 大脑血灌输38.primary care初级保健39.aorto-coronary arterial bypass主动脉冠状动脉旁路rmed treatment decision知情治疗决41.an international humanitarian group一个国际人道组织42.the Red Cross 红十字会43.the first major relief effort第一次重大援助工作44.casualty of war 战争中的人员伤亡45.emergency relief efforts 紧急援助Unit 21.re-emerging/re-emergent/resurgent disease(再现疾病)2.new flu strain新流感变种3.antibiotics and vaccine抗生素和疫苗4.infectious disease传染病5.emergent/emergent disease新现疾病6.prevention strategy预防策略7.bubonic plague腺鼠疫8.pathogenic microbes病原微生物9.public heath authority公共卫生机构10.drug resistance抗药性11.an course of antibiotic therapy抗生素治疗疗程12.scarlet fever猩红热13.the level of virulence毒性水平14.flu pandemic流感大流行15.surface antigen 表面抗原16.genetic shift基因改变17.neurological complications 神经性并发症18.waning of immunity免疫力减弱19.public health infrastructure公共卫生基础设施20.a malaria case一个疟疾病例21.swine flu猪流感22.tuberculosis bacillus结核杆菌23.the level of morbidity/incident发病率水平24.health professional保健专业人士tent tuberculosis潜伏结核病26.tuberculin skin test结核素皮试27.screening programmes筛查计划28.interferon gamma tests γ干扰素测试29.drug toxicity药物毒性30.an curable disease一种可治愈的病31,intractable infectious disease难治的传染病32.an unknown pathogen一种未知的病原体33.chronic gastric ulcer慢性胃溃疡34.exposure to carries of disease接触带病者35,genetic recombination基因重组36.agent of bioterrorism生物恐怖活动病原37.foodborne infections通过食物传播的传染病Unit 31.the surge of adrenaline 肾上腺素激增2.an internal medicine residency 内科实习期3.an autoimmune disease 自体免疫4.loss of stamina 丧失持久力5.transient weakness 短暂的虚弱6.becoming bedridden 卧床不起7.a building block基本构件8.an animal model 动物模型9.to slow neurodegeneration减缓神经退化10.to excrete toxins排除毒素11.to optimize nutrition 优化营养12.toxic load毒素载量13.the risk of relapse 复发危险14.physician self-experimentation医生自我实验15.a clinical trial 临床试验16.neuromuscular electrical stimulation 神经肌肉电刺激17.physical therapist 理疗师18.the impact of micronutrient 微量营养素的影响19.brain function 脑功能20.track the emotional flow 跟踪情绪波动21.coordination of emotions 情绪协调22.cardiovascular reactions 心血管反应23.feeling of rapport 亲密感觉24.rapid synchronization 迅速同步25.emotional contagion 情绪传染26.to mutually regulate 互相调节27.a psychobiological unit生物心理单元28.emotional solace 情感慰藉29.functional magnetic resonance imaging功能性磁共振30.to activate brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it mandatory使之成为强制性32.a dubious project 无把握的项目33.medical background 医学背景34.proof of concept 概念验证35.dose regimen 剂量方案plication or concomitant conditions并发症与合并症37.anti-tumor agents 抗肿瘤的药剂38.standard therapy标准疗法39.pharmacological properties 药理学特性40.poor solubility 溶解性差41.in vivo pharmacology 体内药理学Unit 4plementary medicine 补充医学2.alternative medicine 替代医学3.a medical paradigm 医疗模式4.acupuncture and herbs 针灸和草药5.adjunct treatment 辅助治疗6.nausea and vomiting 恶心，呕吐7.post-operative dental pain 术后牙痛8.clinical trials 临床试验9.physical therapy 物理疗法，理疗10.therapeutic modalities 治疗方法11.a therapeutic intervention治疗干预12.research design 研究设计13.magnetic resonance 磁共振14.positron emission tomography 正电子发射型计算机断层成像15.analgesia effect 止痛效果16.biomedical establishment 生物医学界17.rehabilitation unit康复中心18.licensed acupuncturist 持照针灸师19.therapeutic strategy治疗策略20.herbal formula草药配方21.a wide array of complications 各式各样的并发症22.integrative East-West medicine 中西医结合23.acute abdominal pain 急性腹痛24.to administer medicines 施药，用药25.surgical procedure 外科手术26.scientific evaluation 科学评估27.prevalence statistics患病率统计28.conventional therapies 传统疗法29.evidence-based models of care询证医学模式30.stress management 压力处理31.peripheral nervous system 周围神经系统32.physiologic mechanism生理机制33.mechanistic and reductionistic studies 机制和还原式研究34.cost-effectiveness research 效益研究35.clinical outcomes 临床结果36.preclinical and clinical studies 临床前及临床研究37.plausible mechanisms可能的机制38.manipulative therapies 推拿治疗39.homeopathic medicine 顺势疗法40.naturopathic medicine 自然疗法41.meditation and yoga冥想与瑜伽Unit 51.a health crisis 健康危机2.physical symptom 身体症状3.energy and vitality 能量和活力4.be completely immune from sth.对某事完全免疫5.virus of falseness 虚假的病毒6.stressful lifestyle 有压力的生活方式7.robust emotion 健全的感情8.fragile health 脆弱的健康9.to balance our mind ,body and spirit平衡心理、身体和精神10.spiritual life精神生活11.the blockage to wellness 通向身心健康的“路障”12.repressed emotions 被压抑的感情13.genuine feelings and emotion真情实感14.physiological influences 心理影响15.fully integrated human beings 十全十美的人16.decaying teeth 蛀牙17.nutrition professor 营养教授18.burgeoning waistline 迅速膨胀的腰围19.bottled water 瓶装水20.caloric intake 热量摄入21.to curb appetite 节制食欲22.grains and protein 谷物和蛋白质23.childhood obesity 儿童肥胖症24.lean protein 精益蛋白质25.dietary habits 饮食习惯26.quality of life 生活质量27.diary category 乳制品类28.prevention of diabetes糖尿病的预防29.sodium content 钠的含量Unit 61.nursing homes养老院2.hospice/end-of-life care临终关怀3.congestive heart failure充血性心衰4.available around-the-clock 24小时随叫随到5.coronary care unit冠心病监护室6.to respond to treatment对治疗有反应7.skilled nursing facility专业护理机构8.end-of-life/hospice care生命终末期护理fort care舒适护理10.hospital discharge planner出院计划专员11.symptom care症状护理12.palliative care姑息疗法13.fatal illness绝症14.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease慢性阻塞性肺病15.experimental treatments实验性治疗16.spiritual advisor精神顾问17.to discontinue all treatment终止所有治疗18.to go through dialysis经历透析19.a PAP smear巴氏涂片检查20.patient-doctor relationship医患关系21.to provide care-as-usual提供常规医护22.preventive examinations预防性检查23.off the beaten path离开熟路，另辟蹊径24.to mold into a shape塑形25.To renew a prescription照旧处方再开药26.in vitro fertilization体外受精27.basic biology基础生物学28.embryonic stem cell research胚胎干细胞研究29.to collaborate with an outside与圈外人合作30.a test-tube baby试管婴儿31.reproductive sciences生殖科学32.to administer hormone施用激素33.to isolate immature eggs 分离未成熟卵子34.empirical observations经验观察35.pioneering work首创研究36.a fibre-optic endoscope光导纤维内窥镜37.ethical guidelines伦理原则38.societal concern社会关注39.infertile couples不孕不育夫妇40.inherited disease遗传疾病41.cystic fibrosis囊泡性纤维症42.ethical dilemma伦理困境Unit 71.a nursing station 护士站2.life-support machines 生命维持系统fort measure 舒适护理措施4.to withdraw treatments 停止治疗5.paternalistic decision-making process 家长式决策程序6.patient empowerment 给病人授权7.medical ethicist 医学伦理学家8.ethical principle 伦理准则9.clinical ideal 临床理念10.patient-centered care 以病人为中心的护理11.patient autonomy 病人自主权12.treatment option 治疗选择13.exclusive purview 专属领域14.emergency decisions 紧急状况下做的决定15.physician restraint 对医生的限制16.anxiety and confusion 焦虑与困惑17.ethical transgression 违背伦理18.family practice 家庭医疗19.widespread metastases 广泛转移20.aggressive treatment 积极治疗21.primary lesion 原发病灶22.to recommend follow-up 建议随访23.electronic record 电子病历24.pulmonary emboli 肺栓塞puterized tomography 计算机断层扫描CT26.bilateral infiltrates 双侧浸润27.a chest X-ray X线胸片28.left lower-lobe pneumonia 左下肺叶肺炎bored breathing 呼吸困难30.the hospice team 临终关怀团队31.chronic illness 慢性病32.psychosocial aspects 社会心理学领域33.evidence-based guideline 循证临床指南34.to implement a plan of care 实施治疗方案Unit 81.human subject 人体研究对象2.biomedical research 生物医学研究3.accepted therapy 公认的治疗4.a formal protocol 正式方案5.the principle of beneficence 有利原则6.the principle of justice 公正原则7.autonomous agents 有自主能力的行为者8.diminished autonomy 自主性减弱9.be exposed to risk of harm 使……面临受害危险10.Hippocratic Oath 希波克拉底誓言11.fairness in distribution 分配的公正性rmed consent 知情同意13.fair procedure and outcomes 公正的程序和结果14.the operating table 手术台15.an ethical obligation 伦理责任16.a pediatric neurosurgeon 儿科神经外科医生17.to perform the surgery 做手术18.blood flow 血流19.intensive care 重症监护20.adoptive father 义父21.biological father 生父22.psychological needs 心理需要23.medical judgment 医学判断24.occupational therapy 职业疗法25.to contract meningitis 感染脑膜炎26.to die of an infection 死于感染27.blood vessel 血管28.imbalances in circulation 循环的不平衡29.the welfare of human research subjects 人类研究对象的安宁30.to approve or disapprove all research activities 批准或不批准所有的研究活动31.to review a protocol 审查一个研究计划32.at risk of civil or criminal liability 有民事或刑事责任的危险Unit 91.medical school curriculum 医学院课程2.the medical education community 医学教育界3.to meet the public’s expectation 达到公众的期待4.personal attribute 个人品质5.to place value on 看重6.clinical malady 临床疾患7.diagnostic errors 诊断错误8.classic manifestation 典型临床表现9.the civic mindedness of physicians 医生的民本意识10.polite chatter 礼貌的闲谈11.bedside manner 医生对患者的态度，临床举止12.to scan hospital directory 搜索医院名录13.a integral part 不可分割的一部分14.underserved communities 服务匮乏的社区15.primary care shortage 初级保健缺乏16.certification evaluations 证书评估17.to address the needs 应对需要18.the basics of anatomy 解剖基础知识19.a teaching hospital 教学医院20.an academic medical center 学术医学中心21.to affiliate with teaching hospitals 隶属于教学医院22.continuing medical education credits 继续医学教育学分Unit 101.medical coverage 医疗保险支付范围2.Medicare and Medicaid 医疗保险和医疗救助3.a single-payer system 单一支付者系统4.to subsidize the uncovered 补贴无保险的人5.to deliver value care 提供医疗6.duplicative tests 重复的检查7.a sustained study 长期的研究8.vision deficit 视力缺陷9.a transesophageal echocardiogram （TEE）经食管超声心动图10.an trial thrombus 心房血栓11.a massive embolic stroke 大面积栓塞型脑中风mon carotid artery 颈总动脉13.intracranial branches 颅内段14.middle cerebral artery syndrome 大脑中动脉综合征15.intracranial bleeding 颅内出血16.brain-stem herniation 脑干脱疝17.neurologic recovery 神经功能恢复18.mechanical ventilation 机械通气19.anticoagulant treatment 抗凝血治疗20.intravenous infusion 静脉输液21.an academic surgeon 学术型外科医生22.hospital administrator 医院管理者23.inbound ambulance 入院的救护车24.elective surgery 可做可不做的手术25.acute myocardial infarction 急性心肌梗死26.time-critical conditions 对治疗时间要求紧迫的疾病27.cardiac arrest 心搏停止28.traumatic injuries 外伤，创伤29.percutaneous coronary intervention 经皮冠状动脉介入术30.a multi-payer model 多家支付者模式31.universal insurance programs 全民保险计划32.for-profit insurance 以盈利为目的的保险33.pharmaceutical companies 制药公司34.home-brewed remedy 自创的治疗方法35.pay the bill out-of-pocket 自掏腰包付费。

英语补充阅读材料3

11月热词第二届中国国际进口博览会the second China International Import Expo (CIIE)第二届中国国际进口博览会11月5日在上海开幕。

国家展Covering a total area of 30,000 square meters, the country exhibitions will host 64 countries (including China) and three international organizations, with uniquely designed pavilions to showcase the countries' development achievements, business environment and special industries.国家展总展览面积3万平方米，集中展示各国发展成就、营商环境和特色产业。

各国家馆的形象设计独具本国特色，共有64个国家（含中国）、3个国际组织参展。

The 15 guest countries of honor are Cambodia, the Czech Republic, France, Greece, India, Italy, Jamaica, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Peru, Russia, Thailand, Uzbekistan, and Zambia.15个主宾国（按英文字母排序）分别是柬埔寨、捷克、法国、希腊、印度、意大利、牙买加、约旦、哈萨克斯坦、马来西亚、秘鲁、俄罗斯、泰国、乌兹别克斯坦和赞比亚。

企业展Covering 330,000 square meters, the business exhibitions have attracted more than 3,000 companies from over 150 countries and regions.企业展总展览面积33万平方米，来自150多个国家和地区的3000多家企业签约参展。

阅读教程winwinstrategy课文翻译

阅读教程winwinstrategy课文翻译课文：The Silk Road is a traffic route in the ancient times connecting China and Eurasia. This trade route focuses on the trade of silk, hence the name" the Silk Road". As an international trade channel and a bridge of cultural exchanges, the Silk Road effectively improved the economic and cultural exchanges and development between the East and the West, exerting a profound impact on the progress of the world civilization.Nowadays, under the new historical circumstances, our country proposes the strategy of" One Belt, One Road" (namely the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-century Maritime Silk Road). The strategy of" One Belt, One Road" focuses on cooperation and mutual benefits, emphasizing mutual benefits, win-win, as well as common development of the related countries. Once proposed, the strategy has received positive responses from the related countries along the road.翻译：作为国际贸易渠道和文化交流桥梁，丝绸之路有效地改善了e的经济和文化交流和发展AST和WEST，对世界文明的进展产生深远的影响.如今，在新的历史条件下，我国提出了“一带一路”（即丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路）战略。

考研英语时文阅读(32)一项新的医学比较研究

Many people assume that medicine has accumulated much knowledge about how best to treat patients and improving care is just a matter of applying what we know. If only it were so.This week’s New England Journal of Medicine has an article that serves as a nother stark reminder of the extent of our ignorance and the challenges in filling the gaps. The article presents a study that compares different ways of using water pills, or diuretics, for the treatment of patients hospitalized with heart failure.So what is notable here? First, heart failure is the most common cause of hospitalization among older individuals, accounting for more than a million a year. Doctors have no paucity of experience with these patients. Water pills are not new drugs, having been around for more than 50 years. The early diuretics replaced a brutal way to eliminate excess fluid through the use of tubes that were placed below the skin of swollen, edematous tissue to relieve the pressure. Before that bloodletting and leaches were used. The introduction of diuretics now provided a means to flush extra fluid out through the kidneys. The early diuretics had substantial side effects, the later ones were better tolerated. The diuretics most often used for heart failure, furosemide (Lasix) was introduced in 1966.许多人认为，医学界已经积累了有关如何治疗病人的足够知识，且改善疗效不过是将我们所知道的东西化为行动而已。

医学补充阅读： Slovenia latest EU country

医学补充阅读： Slovenia latest EU countryljubljana (reuters) - slovenia became the latest european union country to detect h5n1 bird flu and others awaited results on thursday as an eu medical expert said the virus was likely to spread further.the virus was first confirmed in the european union on saturday, when greece and italy said they had found it in wild swans. austria and germany reported cases on tuesday."of course we are worried and we have to get used to the fact that avian flu is now spreading within the european union," zsuzsanna jakab, head of the eu's stockholm-based european center for disease prevention and control (ecdc), told reuters television."and i'm sure it will also spread to other countries beyond these five."hungary was awaiting results from a specialist laboratory in britain to determine whether the h5 virus detected in three dead wild swans on wednesday was in fact the h5n1 strain of h5. if confirmed, it would be thecountry's first case.other so far uninfected countries such as sweden, slovakia and the czech republic carried out tests but all results were negative.slovenia was testing for h5n1 in another three dead swans in which h5 had been found, while germany discovered 10 more h5n1 cases, greece detected an additional two andaustria also reported one more.。

四级高频词汇系列之strategy的用法及例句解析

四级高频词汇系列之strategy的用法及例句解析Strategy,作为四级高频词汇之一，在学术和商务语境中扮演着重要的角色。

本文将探讨strategy的基本含义和用法，并提供一些例句来帮助读者更好地理解其用法。

一、基本含义Strategy作为一个名词，指的是制定目标并决定如何达到这些目标的计划或方法。

它常用于商业和管理领域，也可在其它领域使用。

在实践中，一个好的strategy可以帮助人们更有条理地达到他们的目标。

二、用法分析1. Strategy + 动词Strategy常与动词结合使用，表示制定或执行计划的行为。

常见的动词包括develop, implement, adopt, design等。

例句1：The company needs to develop a new marketing strategy to attract more customers.这家公司需要制定一项新的市场营销战略，以吸引更多的客户。

例句2：Our team is currently implementing a new strategy to improve efficiency.我们的团队目前正在实施一项提高效率的新策略。

2. Strategy + 介词Strategy也可以与介词结合使用，表示战略的特定方面或关系。

常见的介词包括for, against, in, with等。

例句3：The government has implemented stricter regulations in the healthcare sector as a strategy for improving public health.政府在医疗保健行业实施了更严格的监管措施，作为改善公共健康的策略。

例句4：The company's competitive strategy against its rivals is to offer higher quality products at lower prices.该公司对竞争对手的竞争策略是以更低的价格提供更高质量的产品。

高三医学发展英语阅读理解25题

高三医学发展英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>In recent years, modern medical technology has made remarkable breakthroughs in disease diagnosis. With the continuous development of science and technology, various advanced diagnostic methods have emerged.One of the significant breakthroughs is the use of advanced imaging techniques. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans can provide detailed images of the internal organs and tissues, helping doctors detect diseases at an early stage. These imaging technologies have greatly improved the accuracy of diagnosis and treatment planning.Another important development is in the field of molecular diagnostics. By analyzing the genetic and molecular characteristics of diseases, doctors can now diagnose diseases more precisely and develop personalized treatment plans. For example, genetic testing can identify specific mutations that may cause certain diseases, allowing for early intervention and prevention.Moreover, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine is also bringing new opportunities. AI algorithms can analyze largeamounts of medical data and help doctors make more accurate diagnoses. For instance, AI-powered diagnostic tools can detect patterns in medical images that may be difficult for human eyes to recognize.The combination of these advanced technologies has revolutionized the field of disease diagnosis, providing better healthcare for patients.1. What is one of the significant breakthroughs in disease diagnosis mentioned in the passage?A. The use of traditional medicine.B. The development of advanced imaging techniques.C. The decline of medical technology.D. The lack of personalized treatment plans.答案：B。

学术英语(医学)_Unit 10

Unit 10 Health Care System
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Useful expressions
•The American medical system is highly fragmented. •Americans are more comfortable with fragmentation than other nationalities. •Even Americans who are covered think the U.S. medical system is broken. •The majority of them want to tear it up and start over. •As a nation, we are suspicious about a “single” anything – like a single-payer system for health insurance.
3. What is the major cause of the problem discussed in the talk?
the rising number of uninsured citizens in America
Unit 10 Health Care System
•
Text A
Critical reading and thinking – Topics for presentation – Useful expressions – Difficult sentences
Text A
Critical reading and thinking
Topics for presentation