英语写作自考

一九九九下半年全国高等教育自学考试英语写作试卷I. Supply the missing conclusion (20 points) Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.To some people, the thought of studying in the UK is a fantastic dream. The UK is famous for its excellent education system and is home to the world-renowned universities of Cambridge and Oxford. British universities attract a large number of students from all over the globe every year.`Since I came here, I have learned a lot not only in my course work, but also about life. In my opinion, the latter is more important.Firstly, I began to love my country more than ever. The fact is that we know Western countries much better than Westerners know China. We always hold a modest and critical view of our country. Now I can see the prospects for China's future more clearly.Secondly, studying in the UK has provided me with a opportunity to live independently and experience the hardships of life. I belong to the first generation of the one-child policy. Like many other Chinese children, I have become accustomed to living in a comfortable home full of the love of my parents and relatives. Studying in the UK has been the first time I have lived on my own. Since the cost of living is very high, I have come to realize that life would not be easy any more. I began to save money and pay more attention to my studies.Every time I go to the supermarket, I usually compare the prices of goods, and then choose the cheapest ones. Most of us foreign students cook for ourselves. Lots of people say cooking is a subject they have taught themselves in the UK.Thirdly, being a student in the UK has encouraged me to study harder. I think I owe that to the British education system. Every semester has three terms; and therefore, three sets of examshave to be taken in one year.In addition, the final grades include examination results as well as scores from your personal or group reports and presentations. It is a dynamic procedure.II. Write an outline (20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” or“topic outline” for it.Mistakes and MaturityParents and teachers repeatedly tell us to correct our errors. Meanwhile, our friends laugh at us when we make mistakes. With all these negative messages, most of us have a hard time believing that problems can be positive experiences. But if we take the time to think about what we have learned from various blunders, we will realize all the good that has come from these events. I know making mistakes can have positive results because I recently learned several valuable lessons from one unforgettable experience.While I was travelling on the east coast last summer, I made the mistake of turning west on highway detour in an attempt to reach a coastal summer resort. This adventure took me into the center of an inland town, where I got totally lost, bewildered, and angry at myself. I had to ask for directions several times. It was not until many hours later that I finally found the correct highway toward the ocean. As I was driving out of town, I realized that although I had made a foolish mistake, I had actually learned a great deal. Overall, my adventure was quite positive.First of all, from making this mistake I learned more about the geography of our country. I became directly acquainted with a town far away from my home, and yet this town greatly resembled my hometown in many ways. I also met some pleasant and friendly strangers, talked with then and learned about their customs. Looking at my confusion as a learning experience encouraged me to have positive feelings about the mistake.As I relaxed and let this happy feeling grow, I came to another realization. I became aware of how important other people canbe in turning a mistake into something positive. I was amazed by how supportive other people were during my panic and embarrassment. From an old man sitting on his front porch to an elementary school boy crossing the street with his bright red backpack, I found that the townspeople were entirely willing to help someone they did not even know. I realized that people in general are nicer than I had previously thought.The final lesson I learned from making this mistake was how to be more cautious about my future decisions. This insight was the most positive part of the entire experience. I have learned to relax, not to be so bullheaded in my decisions in the future, and be more willing to listen to directions from other people. I might not have had these positive realizations if I had not made this mistake.Thus, by this unforgettable experience, I developed a more comprehensive way looking at the world. Without such a mistake, I probably would not have had this chance to learn about my environment, improve my impressions of strangers, and reconsider the egocentric way in which I act in certain situations. Perhaps there is a lesson here for all of us. If we could pause after we make an error and ask how we can profit from this, we would realize that mistakes can often be turned into positive events that will help us become more confident and mature.III. Composition (60 points)Modern technology and industry have greatly improved our lives, yet they have also brought about environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution and noise pollution. Write an expository essay (about 300 words) on what we must do ,as an individual, a family, or a whole nation, to protect our environment.2000年10月份全国高等教育自学考试英语写作试题Ⅰ.Supply the missing conclusion(20 points)Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.Big Ideas in Small WordsIn English, most often short words are as good as long ones, and simple words like"bright sun","fresh air"and"sweet home" are best of all. Though small, these words can meet our needs with grace, charm and strength, and can cast a clear light on big things like：war and peace, love and hate, and life and death. As has been said in THE MIRACLE OF ALNGUAGE by Richard Lederer, many of the pithy proverbs use very simple words in the expression of excellent ideas, "Where there is a will, there is a way","Rome was not built in a day","Two heads are better than one", to name only a few. Many of the ancient poets and orators recognized the power of small words in making a straight line between two minds.Several hundred years ago, William Shakespeare used small simple words in his play KING LEAR:"And my poor fool is hang'd! No, no, no life! Why should a dog, a horse, a rat have life, and thou no breath at all?…"In the Bible, with which many English speakers are familiar, the short words which describe the beginning of human life sound like this: And God said, let there be light, and there was light. And God saw the light, and it was good.Modern great leaders or poets have also been using simple English words in their speeches or writings. During World War Ⅱwhen Hitler was nearly occupying the whole of Europe, and many people thought the end of mankind was drawing near, Winston Churchill responded in his ringing words:"Let's fight by sea, land, and air, with all our might and with all the strength that God can give us."A tit-for-tat struggle was forged, and Hitler was defeated. And now let's hear what Robert Frost said in his poem THE DEATH OF THE HIRED MAN:"Home is the place where, when you have to go there, they have to take you in."Even moreterse words are probably ten two-letter words by William H. Johnson when he described his secret of success,"If it is to be, it is up to me."Ⅱ.Write an outline(20 points)Read the following passage carefully and compose a"sentence outline"for it. Foreign Graduates Dominate US ProgramsFor at least 10 years, most students earning doctoral degrees in science or engineering in the United States have been from other countries. In 1996, about 40 percent of the science and engineering doctorates awarded in the United States went to foreign students, and three out of four went to foreigh-born minorities, according to the National Science Foundation. At the University of Texas at Austin, for example, 108 of the 187 graduate students studying computer science are non-US citizens with temporary visas, according to a recent report. Some complain that foreign students are being educated, in part, at US tax- payers' expense. A recent National Research Council study found that more than 70 percent of non-US citizens cited university support as their primary source of financing."I think what it comes down to, frankly, is... an unwillingness to finally do something about our own system of selecting graduate students,"said John F. Alderete, president of the Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Americans in Science. But other educators say the selection of graduate students is colorblind. They say US minorities just don't perform as well on standardized tests. With a flood of foreign applications, a graduate program might have little incentive to"go and tramp around the University of Texas at El Paso trying to find smart Hispanic kids,"said Michael S. Teitelbaum, an analyst with the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. Based on the above facts, universities can draw upon the economic, educational and cultural elite of other nations. Overall, US minorities are less likely to be able to afford graduate school tuition, so some promising minority students are taking lucrative jobs in the private sector instead. High-pay ing jobs in a booming economy lure top minority students away from graduate programs, said Bill Perry, dean of faculty at Texas A and M University. In some cases, students choose to pursue a graduate degree in business or onother lucrative fields, such as law or medicine.Ⅲ.Composition(60 points)Throughout China, there has been a strong emphasis on quality education. However, schoolwork is still a heavy weight on pupils' back. Write a short argumentative essay(about 300words)explaining your point of view.全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试英语写作试题课程代码：00603Ⅰ.Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)The following passage is incomplete with the concluding paragraph missing.Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph of about 100 words.Make sure that the tone and vocabulary e are in unity with the passage provided. Manners Are ImportantAs one looks about,it becomes very easy to conclude that good manners seem to be a thing of the past.More and more people seem to be discourteous to one another,more indicative of a “survival of the fittest” attitude than of liv ing in a civilized society.Although much of what was considered good manners at the turn of the last century may no longer beappropriate,common courtesy and acceptable behavior are still necessary to make life pleasant,especially as our cities become more and more crowded.Although common courtesy is the underlying framework,good manners are manifested in two distinct aresa,business and social relationships.The world of business has become increasingly impersonal over the years.The fast developement of computers has removed the personal touch from many business dealings.It is not uncommon,when phoning a company,to get a recorded message telling us which number to press.When we finally do get a live person on the other end,he often seems uncaring.Good business sense,though,would dictate the importance of getting back to the personal touch.The speaker should identify himself by name tothe caller and make every effort to be courteous and helpful.Above all,he should take great pains to assure the call is not disconnected.In addition,he should make certain that the caller is connected to his party and not kept waiting long while listening to canned music.Good manners will assure happy,loyal customers.Good manners are,perhaps,most frequently associated with socialrelationships.Unfortunately,here again they seem to be in decline.Giving up one's seat on a crowded bus to an elderly person,a pregnant woman,or an obviously tired person seems to be a thing of the past.People also seem to have forgotten how to behave as an audience.It is not uncommon to see people putting their feet up on the seats in front of them or talking loudly during a movie or play.Even restaurants are not immune from the lack of good manners.Young parents do not seem to care that their children are roaming throughout the restaurant or are crying and disturbing the other guests.These examples touch only the surface of the rapid decline of good manners.Ⅱ.Write an outline(20 points)Re ad the following passage carefully and compose a “topic outline” for it.The Effects of Television on Children's Social RelationsTV presents the child with a distorted definition of reality.The child in the affluent suburb or the small mid-western town exists within his own limited reality.His experience with social problems or people of different races,religions,or nationalities is probably somewhat limited.As television exposes him to a diversity of people and ideas,it surely expands the boundaries of his reality.It is precisely because he now relies heavily on TV to define other realities for him that we must examine carefully what those images are.If they are inaccurate or distorted,then television's reality is potentially harmful.TV distorts reality by selecting certain kinds of images and omitting others and by portraying people in a stereotyped way.It portrays some categories of people with beauty,power and importance and renders others weak,helpless or invisible.So serious is the relative invisibility of some groups on TV that Dr.George Gerbner of the Annenberg School of Communicationscontends,“If you're not on TV,you don't exist.”The TV camera selects certain images to be examples,sometimes functioning like a magnifying glass held up to the worst in civilization instead of the best.When TV producers focus on violent ugliness,they lift it out and hold it up for all to see,making it impressively larger than life.A fist fight that occurs outside my window and is witnessed by only five people may be videotaped,broadcast and “witnessed” vicariously by millions of people ,thus multiplying the example set by the fist fighters.In the United States,most people have not witnessed murder,yet because of television most children have seen hundreds of thousands of violent deaths and therefore believe that the world is more violent than it actually is.TV says,in effect:This is the way the world works.There are the rules.The images presented on TV tend to be exaggerated or glorified,and so believed and accepted as models to be copied.After TV heavily promoted Evel Knievel's attempt to “fly” his motorcycle over the Snake River,many children imitated his stunts with their bicycles on homemade ramps.And many landed in hospitals.TV affects human relationships as well as behavior by influencing our feelings about ourselves and our expectations for ourselves and others.Too frequently stereotypes provide us with instant difinitions.The stereotype assigns to an individual characteristics associated with a group that may or may not be accurate.We tend to note a single feature of a person and fill in the details from a storehouse of stereotypes.Via TV's stereotypes we see men as strong and active,women pretty and at home.All to frequently,minorities are cast in exaggerated portrayals and stereotyped roles,more as white male producers perceive them than the way minority persons perceive themselves.Exposure to stereotyped presentations can easily influence viewers' behavior toward unfamiliar images,infact,teach values and behaviors,especially to children who have little firsthand knowledge of the real world.To the extent that children are exposed to certain characters' portrayals and behaviors on TV,they may acquire or learn those behaviors and roles and eventually accept them as models for their own attitudes and actions.Perhaps most serious are the effects of information distortions on the child's self-image.At some level we begin to judge our own meaning,dignity and worth in comparison with the TV characterswho portray people like us.We should be fully aware that there inaccurate or distorted portrayal may be harmful to children's growth.Ⅲ.Composition(60 points)Teachers pay little attention to those school failures,assuming that academic failure means failure in everything.What do you think of this attitude?Write a short argumentative essay(about 300 words) explaining your view.2001年10月英语写作第一部分【参考答案】Supply the missing paragraph(20 points)Good manners in the modern times are essential for people to live comfortably and peacefully with each other in every aspect of their lives.As our cities are growing more and more crowded it is the good manners that will help people learn to self regulate their behavior to make themselves suitable in thesociety,and,moreover,it is the good manners that will make the difference between a civilized society and a jungle.We must all be able to expect certain types of behavior of our fellow citizens,or the quality of life will rapidly deteriorate.第二部分【参考答案】Write an outline(20 points)Ⅰ.Introduction:The presentation of distorted reality on TVA.Children's limited experienceB.Children's heavy reliance on TV's distorted realityD.Thesis:The reality as presented by TV is potentially harmful. Ⅱ.Different ways of distorting realityA.Portrayal of stereotypesB.Selection of the undesirableⅢ.TV' strong effectsA.Children's imitation of stars' actionsB.Inaccurate portrayal of unfamiliar peopleC.Children's acceptance of TV images as modelsD.Harmful effects on the child's self-image第三部分略2002年10月自考英语写作试题课程代码：00603全部题目用英文作答。