3.0 Commissioning Procedure and report

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电动车电池安全需求

AIS-038 AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARDSBattery Operated Vehicles - Requirements for Construction and Functional SafetyPRINTED BY :THE AUTOMOTIVE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION OF INDIAP.B. NO. 832. PUNE 411 004ON BEHALF OF:AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY STANDARDS COMMITTEEUNDERCENTRAL MOTOR VEHICLE RULES – TECHNICAL STANDING COMMITTEESET-UP BYMINISTRY OF ROAD TRANSPORT & HIGHWAYSGOVERNMENT OF INDIASeptember 2003Status chart of the Standard to be used by the Purchaser forUp dating the recordSr. No. Corrigenda Amend-mentRevision Date Remark Misc.General Remarks:IntroductionThe Government of India felt the need for a permanent agency to expedite the publication of Standards and development of test facilities in parallel when thework of preparation of Standards is going on, as the development of improved safety critical parts can be undertaken only after the publication of the Standardand commissioning of test facilities. To this end, the Ministry of Surface Transport (MoST) has constituted a permanent Automotive Industry Standard Committee (AISC) vide order no. RT-11028/11/97-MVL dated September 15, 1997. The Standards prepared by AISC will be approved by the permanent CMVR Technical Standing Committee (CTSC) after approval, The Automotive Research Association of India, (ARAI), Pune, being the secretariat of the AIS Committee, has published this Standard. For better dissemination of this information, ARAI may publish this document on their website.This Standard prescribes the requirements for the construction and functional safety of battery operated vehicles.Considerable assistance has been taken from ECE 100, ISO DIS 6469 andIEC 60529.The Committee responsible for preparation of this standard is given in Annexure- 4.Battery Operated Vehicles – Requirements forConstruction and Functional Safety1.0 SCOPEThis standard specifies requirements for the construction andfunctional safety of battery operated vehicles (BOVs) for thepurpose of establishing compliance to statutory requirements.2.0 TERMINOLOGYRefer Annexure – E of AIS – 049 for the definitions.3.0 VEHICLE CONSTRUCTION REQUIREMENTS AND TESTPROCEDURE3.1 Traction Battery3.1.1 Installation of the traction battery in the vehicle shall not allow anypotential dangerous accumulation of gases. Details of theventilation provided by manufacturer shall be verified by TestAgency at the time of type approval.3.1.2 Battery compartments containing battery modules, which mayproduce hazardous gases shall be safely ventilated. Details ofventilation provided by manufacturer shall be verified by the TestAgency at the time of type approval.3.1.3 The traction battery and the power train shall be protected byproperly rated fuse or circuit breakers. The components on thevehicle shall be as per the specifications declared by themanufacturer as per information provided in AIS 007. The sameshall be verified by the Test Agency at the time of type approval.3.1.4 Mounting of BatteriesThe mounting of batteries in the battery operated vehicle shall besuch that batteries / battery packs are not displaced from their placeand there is no spillage of electrolyte when vehicle is driven ongradient or any other type of road. This condition shall be deemedto be satisfied if no spillage of electrolyte is observed whileconducting various tests for type approval.13.1.5 Creepage Distance Measurement For Traction BatteriesThis clause deals with additional leakage current hazard between theconnection terminals of a traction battery module including anyconductive fittings attached to them and any conductive parts, due tothe risk of electrolyte spillage in normal operating conditions.It does not apply to traction batteries, for which electrolyte leakagewill not occur under normal operating conditions e.g. sealed tractionbatteries.The minimum creepage distance shall be as follows:a) In the case of a creepage distance between two battery connectionterminals:d > 0.25 U + 5Where : d is the creepage distance measured on the testedtraction battery in mmU is the nominal voltage between the two battery connectionterminals in V.b) In the case of creepage distance between live parts and the electricalchassis :d > 0.125 U + 5Where d is the creepage distance measured between the livepart and the electrical chassis in mm.U is the nominal voltage between the two battery connectionterminals in V.3.2 Protection against Electric Shock3.2.1 Protection against direct contact with live parts of the powertrain3.2.1.1 If the working voltage of the electric circuit is lower than 60 V DCor 25 V AC, requirements specified in para 3.2.1 are not applicable.3.2.1.2 Direct contact with live parts of the electrical power train whosemaximum voltage is at least 60 V DC or 25 V AC shall be preventedeither by insulation or by the use of covers, protection grills,perforated metal sheets, etc. These protections shall be reliablysecured and shall be mechanically resistant. They shall not be ableto be opened, dissembled or removed without the use of tools. 3.2.1.3 Live parts in passenger and load compartments, shall be protected byenclosures having a protection degree of at least IPXXD.3.2.1.4 Enclosures in other areas of the vehicle shall have a protectiondegree of at least IPXXB.23.2.1.5 In the drive train compartment the access to live parts shall only bepossible with voluntary action i.e. with the use of physical tools likescrew driver to open the same.3.2.1.6 After opening the cover, the access to the parts of the couplingsystem shall be protected with IPXXB protection.3.2.1.7 Protection degrees IPXXB and IPXXD are related respectively to thecontact of a jointed test finger and a test wire with hazardous parts.Refer Annexure-1 for the test procedure.3.2.1.8 Vehicle markings: Protection covers of live parts described inParagraph 3.2.1.2 shall be marked by a symbol as shown below.SYMBOL FOR THE INDICATION OF A VOLTAGE(Reference to ISO 3864 and IEC 417 k Standards)Black on a yellow ground3.2.2 Protection against indirect contacts with exposed conductive partsof the power train.3.2.2.1 If the working voltage of the electric circuit is lower than 60 V DC or25 V AC, no requirements are necessary under clause 3.2.2.3.2.2.2 The design, installation and manufacture of electric material shall besuch that insulation failures are avoided. This shall be considered as adesign guideline.3.2.2.3 Insulation used shall ensure protection against indirect contacts andadditionally, the exposed conductive parts of the on-board equipmentshall be electrically connected together. This potential equalization isobtained by connecting the exposed conductive parts together eitherby a protective conductor e.g. wire, ground truss, or directly by thevehicle metallic chassis. Two exposed conductive parts weldedtogether are considered as having no discontinuity points. If there issome discontinuity, this point shall be by-passed by potentialequalization.33.2.3 Insulation Resistance of Traction Batteries3.2.3.1 The insulation resistance measurement is performed after maintainingthe vehicle for a conditioning time of 8 hours with the followingconditions :Temperature: 20 to 35°CHumidity: 90% + 10/-5%3.2.3.2 Using a measuring DC voltage equal to the nominal voltage of thetraction battery, insulation resistances between any exposedconductive part and each polarity of the traction battery shall have aminimum value of 500 Ω/V of the nominal voltage. (Refer Annexure-2 for details.)3.2.3.3 Resistance of the Protective Conductor : The potential equalizationresistance between any two exposed conductive parts shall be lowerthan 0.1 Ω. This test shall be performed by a current of at least 0.2 Aafter conditioning as mentioned in clause 3.2.3.13.2.4 Connection of the vehicle to the mains network3.2.4.1 In no case the vehicle shall be capable to move by its own meanswhen it is electrically connected to an energy supply network or toan off-board charger.3.2.4.2 The components used when charging the battery from an externalsource shall allow the charging current to be cut without physicaldamage in case of disconnection.This shall be checked by reconnection and ensuring that there is nofault in the system.3.2.4.3 The coupling system parts likely to be live shall be protected againstany direct contact in all operating conditions.3.2.4.4 For on-board charger all exposed conductive parts, shall beelectrically linked through a conducting wire plugged to earth whencharging.43.3 Functional Safety Requirements3.3.1 Power ON Procedure3.3.2 The power ON procedure shall be applied via a key switch.3.3.3 It shall not be possible to remove this key in any position thatenergises the drive train or that makes active driving possible3.3.4 Running and Stopping Conditions3.3.5 At least a momentary, optical or audible indication shall be given tothe driver when:a) the vehicle is in “active driving possible mode”ORb) At least one further action is required to place the vehicle in “activedriving possible mode”.There shall also be an indication to the driver when state of chargeof the battery reaches a level where re-charging is recommended.When this condition is reached, the user shall be warned to perceivethis situation quickly enough to be able to drive the vehicle, on itsown power, at least out of the traffic zone. The manufacturers shallprovide the information regarding the state of charge after thewarning indication comes on.There shall be an additional indication indicating that the state ofcharge of battery has reached a level at which driving the vehiclefurther may cause damage to the battery. This indication is notnecessary if the emergency power reduction (para 3.3.12 below)takes into account this state of charge of battery. This shall bedeclared by the manufacturer.3.3.6 Unintentional acceleration, deceleration and reversal of the drivetrain shall be prevented. In particular, a failure (e.g. in the powertrain) shall not cause more than 0.1 m movement of a standing un-braked vehicle on level road.3.3.7 When leaving the vehicle, the driver shall be informed by an opticalor audible signal if the drive train is still in the active drivingpossible mode.This condition shall be deemed to be satisfied if the indicationspecified in 3.3.5 (a) above is not momentary and continues to bedisplayed.53.3.8 Reversing (in line with CMVR rule 99)3.3.9 Reversing shall be possible only after a specific action. Thisaction shall require either :a) The combination of two different actuations for example gear andclutchOrb) An electric switch, which allows reverse to be engaged only whenthe vehicle is moving at a forward speed not exceeding 5 km/h. Itshall not be possible for the vehicle to move in reverse direction, ifthe switch is operated at any vehicle is moving forward at a speedbeyond 5 km/h.The device shall have only one stable position for achieving thereverse motion of the vehicle.3.3.10 The state of the drive direction control unit shall be easilyidentifiable.3.3.11 The maximum speed achieved in reverse direction shall not bemore than 20 km/h.3.3.12 Emergency Power Reduction3.3.13 If the vehicle is equipped with a device to limit the performance inan emergency (e.g. overheating of a component) the user shall beinformed by an obvious signal indicating state of limitedperformance.3.3.14 On-board charger3.3.14.1 The charger socket of the on-board charger shall have the timerating in addition to the ampere rating. The time rating shall be 5h or the recommended time for charging fully discharged battery,whichever is higher. The charging socket shall be capable ofwithstanding the in-rush current and the continuous current ratingof the socket shall be commensurate with the charging current.63.3.14.2 The rated maximum and continuous duty specification of thepower socket in terms of current, voltage etc. shall be declared bythe manufacturer. These values shall be compatible with thespecification of the onboard charger. The manufacturer shallcertify compliance to these parameters.The mains plug shall be compatible for use with sockets as per IS1293 : 1988 or IS/IEC 309-2 (1989) or any equivalent.3.3.14.3 On-board charger shall have soft start facility, limiting the initialin-rush current. The manufacturer shall specify the initial rushcurrent and the time duration from the mains to the charger.3.3.14.4 The charger shall have at least indication of ‘charging in process’and ‘charging is over. These conditions are deemed to be satisfiedif the indicator for State of Charge of battery provided on vehicletakes care of this requirement.3.4 On-board Indicators3.4.1 All the indicators meant for the driver referred above shall besuitably located so as to be visible to the driver easily (e.g. on thedashboard).Additionally, the battery-operated vehicle shall have the batterystate of charge indicator.For additional indications of temperatures like motor temperature,the existing water temperature symbol may be suitably modified.3.5 Protection against water effectsThe test as per 3.5.1, 3.5.2 and 3.5.3 shall be performed. Aftereach exposure (vehicles still wet), the vehicle shall then complywith the insulation resistance test as in para 3.2.3.2 above, atnormal environmental condition, but keeping the power equipmentconnected to the traction battery (main switch closed), with therequirements of at least 100 Ω/V.73.5.1 WashingThis test is intended to simulate a normal washing of battery-operated vehicles, but not specific cleaning using high waterpressure or underbody washing. The vehicle manufacturer shallspecify detailed conditions for such specific cleaning or washing inthe owner’s manual. The critical areas of the vehicle regarding thistest are border lines i.e. a seal of two parts as flaps, glass seals,outline of opening parts, outline of front grille, seals of lamps.In the case of open vehicles such as 3-wheelers without doors andwindows, or 2-wheelers etc the manufacturer shall specify theprocedure for normal washing also. In such cases, the washing testshall be conducted by taking into account the aboverecommendation.The test uses a hose nozzle according to IPX5 as specified in IEC60529 (Refer Annexure-3 for details). Using fresh water with aflow rate of 12.5 l/min, all borderlines shall be exposed andfollowed in all directions with the water stream at a speed rate of 0.1m/s, keeping a distance of 3 m between the nozzle aperture and theborderline.3.5.2 FloodingThis test is intended to simulate the driving of a battery-operatedvehicle on flooded streets or in water puddles.The vehicle shall be driven in a wade pool, 10 cm in depth, over adistance of 500 m at a speed of 20 km/h resulting in a time ofapproximately 1.5 min.If the wade pool used is less than 500 m in length, so that it has to bedriven through several times, the total time including the periodsoutside the wade pool shall be less than 10 min.3.5.3 Heavy RainstormThis test is intended to simulate a sudden heavy rainstorm e.g. athunderstorm, when opening parts especially to access to thepassenger, load and motor compartments are open except thoserequiring one or more tools.In case of voltage class B equipment shielded from exposure towater, this test of the whole vehicle may be replaced by equivalenttests on the components individually.8The critical areas of the vehicle regarding this test are thoseaccessible with opened opening parts.This test uses a spray nozzle according to IPX3 as specified in IEC60529.Using fresh water with a flow rate of 10 l/min, all surfaces withnormally open opening parts shall be exposed for 5 min, possiblythrough a regular movement of the spray nozzle.Note : Voltage class B equipment is an equipment with nominalvoltage (U)DC: 60 V < U <= 1500 VAC: 25 V rms < U < = 1000 V rms – 15 to 150 Hz4.0 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONSThe details of technical specification, approvals of changes inspecification shall be as per para 6.0 of AIS-049.9Annexure-1Protection against direct contacts of parts under voltage(Extract from the IEC 529 Standard (1989)1 Protection provided by an Enclosure Against Access to HazardousParts.The protection of persons shall be given against :a) Contact with hazardous low-voltage live partsb) Contact with hazardous mechanical partsc) Approach to hazardous high-voltage live parts below adequateclearance inside an enclosure.Note : This protection may be provided :a) By means of the enclosure itselfb) By means of barriers as part of the enclosure or distancesinside the enclosure.2 Test for protection against access to Hazardous parts2.1 Access Probes :Access probes to verify the protection of persons against access tohazardous parts are given in Table 1.2.2 Test Conditions :The access probe is pushed against any openings of the enclosure withthe force specified in Table 1. If it partly or fully penetrates, it isplaced in every possible position, but in no case shall stop face fullypenetrate through the opening.Internal barriers are considered part of the enclosure as given in thedefinition.For tests on low-voltage equipment, a low voltage supply (or not lessthan 40 V and not more than 50 V) in series with a suitable lamp shallbe connected between the probe and the hazardous parts inside theenclosure. Hazardous live parts covered only with varnish or paint, orprotected by oxidation or by a similar process, are covered by metalfoil electrically connected to those parts, which are normally live inoperation.The signal circuit method shall also be applied to the hazardousmoving parts of a high voltage equipment.Internal moving parts may be operated slowly, where this is possible.102.3 Acceptance Conditions :The protection is satisfactory adequate clearance is kept between theaccess probe and hazardous parts.In the case of the test for the additional letter B, the jointed testfinger may penetrate to its 80 mm length, but the stop face (φ 50 mmx 20 mm) shall not pass through the opening. Starting from thestraight position, both joints of the test finger shall be successivelybent through and angle of up to 90 ° with respect to the axis of theadjoining section of the finger and shall be placed in every possibleposition.In case of the tests for the additional letter D, the access probe maypenetrate to its full length, but the stop face shall not fully penetratethrough the opening.Conditions for verification of adequate clearance are identical withthose given in Paragraph 2.3.1 below2.3.1 For low voltage equipment (rated voltages not exceeding 1,000 V ACand 1,500 V DC). The access probe shall not touch hazardous liveparts. If adequate clearance is verified by a signal circuit between theprobe and hazardous parts, the lamp shall not light.1112TABLE – 1ACCESS PROBES FOR THE TESTS FOR PROTECTION OF PERSONSAGAINST ACCESS TO HAZARDOUS PARTSAIS-038Please see Table-1 enclosed herewith.13Figure 1JOINTED TEST FINGERAnnexure-2MEASUREMENT OF THE INSULATION RESISTANCE USING THETRACTION BATTERY 1 Description of the test method :1.1 The traction battery shall be fully charged.1.2 The voltmeter used in this test shall measure DC values and have an internal resistance greater than 10 Mohm.1.3Measurement shall be made in two steps :14Step OneStep TwoWhere RO is a resistance of 500 Ω/VThe value of the insulation resistance Ri is given by one of the formula:V1-V2 or V’1-V2 V2 V215Ri =14Annexure - 3HOSE NOZZLE FOR THE TEST FOR PROTECTION AGAINSTWASHINGThis Annexure specifies dimensionally the hose nozzle to be used for IPX5 test procedure as specified in IEC 60529. (All dimensions are in mm.).16Annexure – 4(See Introduction)COMMITTEE COMPOSITIONAutomotive Industry Standards CommitteeChairmanShri B. Bhanot DirectorThe Automotive Research Association of India, PuneMembers RepresentingShri Alok Rawat Ministry of Road Transport & Highways, New Delhi Shri Sushil Kumar Department of Heavy Industry, Ministry of HeavyIndustries & Public Enterprises, New DelhiShri G.S. KashyabShri M.K. Bhat (Alternate) Office of the Development Commissioner Small Scale Industries,Ministry of Industry, New DelhiShri L.R. Singh Bureau of Indian Standards, New DelhiShri R.C. Sethi Shri N. Karuppaiah (Alternate) Vehicles Research & Development Establishment, AhmednagarShri A.S. LakraShri D.G. Shirke(Alternate)Central Institute of Road Transport, PuneShri R.M. Shrivastava Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri T.M. Balaraman Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri I.V. Rao Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri Z.A. Mujawar(Alternate)Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri Vivek Adyantaya(Alternate)Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri U.K. Kini (Alternate) Society of Indian Automobile ManufacturersShri T.C. GopalanShri Ramakant Garg(Alternate)Tractor Manufacturers Association, New DelhiShri K.N.D. Nambudiripad Automotive Components Manufacturers Association Shri G.P. Banerji Automotive Components Manufacturers AssociationMember SecretaryMrs. Rashmi UrdhwaresheSr. Assistant DirectorThe Automotive Research Association of India, Pune17。

环保认证 CCAEPI-305-2009(环境保护产品认证工厂质量保证能力要求 -中英文版)

中环协(北京)认证中心公开文件Public files of CAEPI to anyone who may concernC C AEPI-GK-305-2009环境保护产品认证工厂质量保证能力要求MANUFACTURERS’ QUALITY CONTROL ABILITY（QCA）REQUIRED BY CERTIFICA TION OF CHINA ASSOCIATION OF EVIROEMENT PROTECTIONINDUSTRY（CCAEPI）2009年*月*日颁布2009年*月*日实施Published at 2009.*.* Executed since 2009.*.*中环协(北京)认证中心发布ISSUED BY CAEPI环境保护产品认证工厂质量保证能力要求MANUFACTURERS’ QUALITY CONTROL ABILITY（QCA）REQUIRED BY CERTIFICA TION OF CHINA ASSOCIA TION OF EVIROEMENTAL PROTECTIONINDUSTRY（CCAEPI）(CCAEPI-GK-305-2009)本文件规定了申请环保产品认证企业工厂质量保证能力应达到的要求。

申请环保产品认证的企业应满足并持续满足本文件的要求。

本文件是CCAEPI-GK-305-2005的改版。

This file stipulated the requirements on QC ability of manufactures who’s applying for CCAEPI. The applier shall meet the requirements listed in this file as long as it needed. This file is the revised version of CCAEPI-GK-305-2005.1．职责和资源1. Responsibilities and Resources1.1 职责1.1 Responsibilities工厂应规定与产品质量活动有关的各类人员的职责及相互关系。

SIMOCRANE 集成 STS，GSU 版本 V3.0 软件安装与使用指南说明书

SIMOCRANE integrated STS, GSU Version V3.0These notes take precedence over information in other documents.Please read the notes through carefully because they contain information that it is important for you to know during installation and use of the software.In this version V3.0, the following new features, feature enhancements and feature improvements have been madeSway control functions−New function …Soft Approach“ with consideration of fixed and variable blocked regions in Manual Mode (MAN)−Improving of the function to calculate interpolation points and extending of criterions to start Semi-Automatic Mode (SAM)−Extension of the functional scope of the control bit “START_2D_CALC“−Separated damping factors for acceleration and deceleration (P85, P86, P88, P89)−New parameter (P87) to eliminate the overshooting in positioning process (POS und SAM)−New parameter (P119) for selecting of the lowering point for SAM travel from WS to LS−New parameter (P112, P113) to adapt the trajectory during inclined movement in SAM−Improving of the following error monitoring (E41, E42) for positioning process (POS und SAM) −Expansion of the interface to the higher-level controller (PLC)−New DCC-block “DCC_SCIntPo” to transfer the interpolation points of trajectory to the higher- level controller (PLC)−All camera data will be transferred to the higher-level controller (PLC)−General troubleshooting−Adaption of parameters (Limit values, default value or option)−Extending and improvement of the operation instructions manualsCommissioning and Diagnostic Tool …CeCOMM”−Extending of visualization (limit lines, safety clearance, immersion point…)−Adding the time stamp to the long-time trace−Increasing the number of logger files to 12−New function to calculate the maximum sway deflection−Improvement of the diagram in X/Y-view−Improving of the trace function−Adding a list of all variable signals for trace−TroubleshootingThe Version V3.0 is downwards compatible to the version V 2.1 SP2 HF1. Due to the functional and interface extension, adjustments and new commissioning are required for upgrading. More information about the V2.1 SP2 HF1 refers to the product update for its delivery release:https:///cs/ww/en/view/109750239Contents1. SCOPE OF SUPPLY1.1 DVD1.2 Certificate of License2. NOTES ON INSTALLATION2.1. System requirements2.1.1 Hardware2.1.2 Optional Hardware2.1.3 Software2.2. Installation2.3 Unstalling3. CONSTRAINTS AND FUNCTIONAL RESTRICTIONS1 Scope of Supply1.1 DVDThe DVD contains:The version V3.0 is downwards compatible to the V2.1 SP2 HF1. The software will be put in production and additionally provided for download in internet under ‘Industry Online Support international with Download-ID 109220170, see the following link:https:///cs/ww/en/view/103965095Users can upgrade their application if required. Please pay attention to the preconditions in the operation manual, 07/2019. More information to upgrade your application refer to the FAQhttps:///cs/ww/en/view/109478006Limitation of liabilityThe Software package includes following application examples:•Application example for STS•Application example for GSUThe application example inside the software package are provided free of charge. The customer is granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable, free right to use it. This includes the right to modify the application example, to reproduce it modified or unmodified, and to combine it with the user's own software.All liability, on whatever legal basis, in particular based on errors in the software or the associated documentation or damage resulting from advice, is excluded unless liability is mandatory, for example, due to malice, gross negligence, injury to life, body, or health, due to acceptance of a quality warranty, due to fraudulent concealment of a defect, or due to breach of substantial contractual obligations. This does not imply a reversal of the burden of proof to the detriment of the customer.The customer is furthermore obligated to release SIEMENS AG from any claims of third parties where such claims arise in connection with use of the software by the customer.German law shall apply. The courts of Erlangen shall have exclusive jurisdiction.Safety instructionsSiemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the secure operation of plants, solutions, machines, equipment and/or networks. They are important components of a holistic industrial security concept. The products and solutions from Siemens are continuously developed with this aspect in mind. Siemens recommends strongly that you regularly check for product updates.For the secure operation of Siemens products and solutions, it is necessary to take suitable preventive action (e.g. cell protection concept) and integrate each component into a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security concept. Any third-party products that may be in use must also be taken into account. You will find more information about industrial security at: /industrialsecurityConstantly up-to-date information on SIMOCRANE products, product support, FAQs can be found on the Internet: https:///cs/ww/en/ps/200871.2 Certificate of LicenseIn the licensing method used for SIMOTION dependent on the way and number of the runtime components used in the project different licenses must be acquired. The licenses required for a device are assigned to a License key. The license is bound about the serial number of the CF card.The compact flash card (CF card) is not in the scope of supply; a license key must be generated and transferred to the CF card. This will be realized with the help of the enclosed "Certificate of License".Further indications for the license handling will be available in the operating instructions. "SIMOCRANE SC integrated STS, GSU”2 Notes on Installation2.1. System requirementsThe preconditions are a main crane controller system with a PROFIBUS/PROFINET interface as well as continuously controllable drives.Depending on the task to be performed and the environmental conditions, the sway control system can be used with or without a SIMOCRANE CenSOR V2.0 HF3 camera measuring system.The hardware and software required for the camera measuring system must be ordered separately and are not listed here.A version with the necessary hardware components and the required license authority must be available.2.1.1 Hardware• SIMOTION D435-2 DP/PN as of firmware V5.2 SP1 or higher•SINAMICS, as of firmware V5.1.HF1 or higher2.1.2 Optional hardware•SIMOCRANE CenSOR V2.0 HF3•Reflector2.1.3 Software• SIMOTION SCOUT as of Version V5.2 SP1•Optional package Drive Control Chart (DCC) for SIMOTION / SINAMICS as of version V3.1 SP1 •SIMOCRANE Basic Technology Version V3.0•Commissioning and diagnose tool SIMOCRANE CeCOMM ab Version V4.4.2.4•SIMOCRANE SC integrated STS, GSU V3.0•Microsoft Windows 7 or 10•SIMATIC Manager ab V5.62.2. InstallationThe software package contains a setup file. You can use it to install the DCC library "SwayControl." The precondition is that the SIMOTION SCOUT software has been installed and the user is logged onto the PC with administrator rights."Setup_CeCOMM.exe"The installation program leads you step by step through the whole installation process. Installation isperformed as follows:•The SIMATIC Manager and the SCOUT must be closed before the setup is run.•For the procedure for linking the "Sway Control DCC Library" into your SIMOTION user project, see the operating instructions "SIMOCRANE_SC_integrated_STS_GSU_de.pdf" Chapter 5.The software package contains a setup file for the "SIMOCRANE CeCOMM" diagnostics and commissioning tool. The program can run under the WINDOWS 7 or WINDOWS 10 operating system. This requires that the user is logged in the PC with administration rights.Setup_CeCOMM.exeThe installation program guides you through the entire installation process step by step. After installation the diagnostic program will be available under "Windows Start → Programs."2.3UninstallingVia Windows Start →Control panel →Programs, you can uninstall the diagnostics tool installed via setup.3. Constraints and functional restrictionsMethod of operation P140 (3525253)P140 must be left as 0.Function of the P77 (3534325)Leave the parameter P77 with its default value (200).Function of the parameters P149 and P150 (3555469)Leave the parameters P149 and P150 with their default values (0).Function of the P111 (752485)An Adjustment of 0 or 1 for P111 causes no smoothing. Between these values decreasingvalues lead to an increasing smoothing. Values smaller than 0,1 should be avoided. Thesmoothing has no influence to the closed-loop control and effects only the display of the trace in CeCOMM.Workaround: Leave the parameter P111 with its default value (0).P53 Acceleration reduction when hoisting (751425)With values of the parameter P53 < 100 %, unexpected acceleration behaviour of the hoist may occur.Workaround: Parameter P53 must be left with its default value (100%).Warning messages E20 to E27 (1002665)Warning messages E20 to E27 do not work. Functioning of the prelimit switch and limit switchmust be assured in the higher-level control.Target control function (301654)In the case of the hoist and trolley, the target control function results in the target always beingtraveled to with a deviation from P162 or P165 (positioning accuracy). Parameters P163 andP160 must not be less than 0 if the target is to be traveled to without this deviation.Workaround: Do not set parameters P163 and 160 smaller than 0.Stopping a cylinder movement in operation mode “Cylinder jogging”As a result of incorrect Position sensing it may happen that despite correct control according to the operation instructions the movement of the Cylinder cannot be stopped.Workaround: By resetting of the control bit …move“ the cylinders can be stopped ev en in case of incorrect positon sensing (without down ramp).The time-optimal control algorithmus is not used for STS-cranes.Workaround: The time-optimal control algorithmus (P152) should not be used for STS-cranes(P102=1).Operation mode …Cylinder jogging“As a result of incorrect Position measurement it may happen thatDespite correct control according to the operation instructions the movement of the Cylindercannot be stopped.Despite of the selection of only one cylinder more cylinders are moving at the same time.Workaround:By resetting of the control bit …move“ the cylinders can be stopped even in case of incorrectpositon sensing (without down ramp).With an interlock (in PLC) of the state bits …a_out“ up to …d_out“ and …a_in“ up to …d_in“(Zyl inder retract and extend) with the corresponding control bit …a_in_comm“ up to…d_in_comm“ and …a_out_comm“ up to …d_out_comm“ it is possible that only the selectedcylinder is moving.Trolley uncontrolled acceleration (4310214)Trolley uncontrolled acceleration.Abhilfe:Use the delivered new application project.End。

OSHA现场作业手册说明书

DIRECTIVE NUMBER: CPL 02-00-150 EFFECTIVE DATE: April 22, 2011 SUBJECT: Field Operations Manual (FOM)ABSTRACTPurpose: This instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148,Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009, whichreplaced the September 26, 1994 Instruction that implemented the FieldInspection Reference Manual (FIRM). The FOM is a revision of OSHA’senforcement policies and procedures manual that provides the field officesa reference document for identifying the responsibilities associated withthe majority of their inspection duties. This Instruction also cancels OSHAInstruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs,May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045,Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989.Scope: OSHA-wide.References: Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.6, Advance Notice ofInspections; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.14, Policy RegardingEmployee Rescue Activities; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1903.19,Abatement Verification; 29 Code of Federal Regulations §1904.39,Reporting Fatalities and Multiple Hospitalizations to OSHA; and Housingfor Agricultural Workers: Final Rule, Federal Register, March 4, 1980 (45FR 14180).Cancellations: OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual, November9, 2009.OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and HealthPrograms, May 17, 1996.Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised FieldOperations Manual, June 15, 1989.State Impact: Notice of Intent and Adoption required. See paragraph VI.Action Offices: National, Regional, and Area OfficesOriginating Office: Directorate of Enforcement Programs Contact: Directorate of Enforcement ProgramsOffice of General Industry Enforcement200 Constitution Avenue, NW, N3 119Washington, DC 20210202-693-1850By and Under the Authority ofDavid Michaels, PhD, MPHAssistant SecretaryExecutive SummaryThis instruction cancels and replaces OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-148, Field Operations Manual (FOM), issued November 9, 2009. The one remaining part of the prior Field Operations Manual, the chapter on Disclosure, will be added at a later date. This Instruction also cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003 Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996 and Chapter 13 of OSHA Instruction CPL 02-00-045, Revised Field Operations Manual, June 15, 1989. This Instruction constitutes OSHA’s general enforcement policies and procedures manual for use by the field offices in conducting inspections, issuing citations and proposing penalties.Significant Changes∙A new Table of Contents for the entire FOM is added.∙ A new References section for the entire FOM is added∙ A new Cancellations section for the entire FOM is added.∙Adds a Maritime Industry Sector to Section III of Chapter 10, Industry Sectors.∙Revises sections referring to the Enhanced Enforcement Program (EEP) replacing the information with the Severe Violator Enforcement Program (SVEP).∙Adds Chapter 13, Federal Agency Field Activities.∙Cancels OSHA Instruction FAP 01-00-003, Federal Agency Safety and Health Programs, May 17, 1996.DisclaimerThis manual is intended to provide instruction regarding some of the internal operations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and is solely for the benefit of the Government. No duties, rights, or benefits, substantive or procedural, are created or implied by this manual. The contents of this manual are not enforceable by any person or entity against the Department of Labor or the United States. Statements which reflect current Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission or court precedents do not necessarily indicate acquiescence with those precedents.Table of ContentsCHAPTER 1INTRODUCTIONI.PURPOSE. ........................................................................................................... 1-1 II.SCOPE. ................................................................................................................ 1-1 III.REFERENCES .................................................................................................... 1-1 IV.CANCELLATIONS............................................................................................. 1-8 V. ACTION INFORMATION ................................................................................. 1-8A.R ESPONSIBLE O FFICE.......................................................................................................................................... 1-8B.A CTION O FFICES. .................................................................................................................... 1-8C. I NFORMATION O FFICES............................................................................................................ 1-8 VI. STATE IMPACT. ................................................................................................ 1-8 VII.SIGNIFICANT CHANGES. ............................................................................... 1-9 VIII.BACKGROUND. ................................................................................................. 1-9 IX. DEFINITIONS AND TERMINOLOGY. ........................................................ 1-10A.T HE A CT................................................................................................................................................................. 1-10B. C OMPLIANCE S AFETY AND H EALTH O FFICER (CSHO). ...........................................................1-10B.H E/S HE AND H IS/H ERS ..................................................................................................................................... 1-10C.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT............................................................................................................................... 1-10E. W ORKPLACE AND W ORKSITE ......................................................................................................................... 1-10CHAPTER 2PROGRAM PLANNINGI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2-1 II.AREA OFFICE RESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................. 2-1A.P ROVIDING A SSISTANCE TO S MALL E MPLOYERS. ...................................................................................... 2-1B.A REA O FFICE O UTREACH P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................................. 2-1C. R ESPONDING TO R EQUESTS FOR A SSISTANCE. ............................................................................................ 2-2 III. OSHA COOPERATIVE PROGRAMS OVERVIEW. ...................................... 2-2A.V OLUNTARY P ROTECTION P ROGRAM (VPP). ........................................................................... 2-2B.O NSITE C ONSULTATION P ROGRAM. ................................................................................................................ 2-2C.S TRATEGIC P ARTNERSHIPS................................................................................................................................. 2-3D.A LLIANCE P ROGRAM ........................................................................................................................................... 2-3 IV. ENFORCEMENT PROGRAM SCHEDULING. ................................................ 2-4A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-4B.I NSPECTION P RIORITY C RITERIA. ..................................................................................................................... 2-4C.E FFECT OF C ONTEST ............................................................................................................................................ 2-5D.E NFORCEMENT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATIONS. ....................................................................................... 2-6E.P REEMPTION BY A NOTHER F EDERAL A GENCY ........................................................................................... 2-6F.U NITED S TATES P OSTAL S ERVICE. .................................................................................................................. 2-7G.H OME-B ASED W ORKSITES. ................................................................................................................................ 2-8H.I NSPECTION/I NVESTIGATION T YPES. ............................................................................................................... 2-8 V.UNPROGRAMMED ACTIVITY – HAZARD EVALUATION AND INSPECTION SCHEDULING ............................................................................ 2-9 VI.PROGRAMMED INSPECTIONS. ................................................................... 2-10A.S ITE-S PECIFIC T ARGETING (SST) P ROGRAM. ............................................................................................. 2-10B.S CHEDULING FOR C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS. ..................................................................................... 2-10C.S CHEDULING FOR M ARITIME I NSPECTIONS. ............................................................................. 2-11D.S PECIAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (SEP S). ................................................................................... 2-12E.N ATIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (NEP S) ............................................................................... 2-13F.L OCAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (LEP S) AND R EGIONAL E MPHASIS P ROGRAMS (REP S) ............ 2-13G.O THER S PECIAL P ROGRAMS. ............................................................................................................................ 2-13H.I NSPECTION S CHEDULING AND I NTERFACE WITH C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPANTS ....... 2-13CHAPTER 3INSPECTION PROCEDURESI.INSPECTION PREPARATION. .......................................................................... 3-1 II.INSPECTION PLANNING. .................................................................................. 3-1A.R EVIEW OF I NSPECTION H ISTORY .................................................................................................................... 3-1B.R EVIEW OF C OOPERATIVE P ROGRAM P ARTICIPATION .............................................................................. 3-1C.OSHA D ATA I NITIATIVE (ODI) D ATA R EVIEW .......................................................................................... 3-2D.S AFETY AND H EALTH I SSUES R ELATING TO CSHO S.................................................................. 3-2E.A DVANCE N OTICE. ................................................................................................................................................ 3-3F.P RE-I NSPECTION C OMPULSORY P ROCESS ...................................................................................................... 3-5G.P ERSONAL S ECURITY C LEARANCE. ................................................................................................................. 3-5H.E XPERT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................................................... 3-5 III. INSPECTION SCOPE. ......................................................................................... 3-6A.C OMPREHENSIVE ................................................................................................................................................... 3-6B.P ARTIAL. ................................................................................................................................................................... 3-6 IV. CONDUCT OF INSPECTION .............................................................................. 3-6A.T IME OF I NSPECTION............................................................................................................................................. 3-6B.P RESENTING C REDENTIALS. ............................................................................................................................... 3-6C.R EFUSAL TO P ERMIT I NSPECTION AND I NTERFERENCE ............................................................................. 3-7D.E MPLOYEE P ARTICIPATION. ............................................................................................................................... 3-9E.R ELEASE FOR E NTRY ............................................................................................................................................ 3-9F.B ANKRUPT OR O UT OF B USINESS. .................................................................................................................... 3-9G.E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES. ................................................................................................. 3-10H.S TRIKE OR L ABOR D ISPUTE ............................................................................................................................. 3-10I. V ARIANCES. .......................................................................................................................................................... 3-11 V. OPENING CONFERENCE. ................................................................................ 3-11A.G ENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................ 3-11B.R EVIEW OF A PPROPRIATION A CT E XEMPTIONS AND L IMITATION. ..................................................... 3-13C.R EVIEW S CREENING FOR P ROCESS S AFETY M ANAGEMENT (PSM) C OVERAGE............................. 3-13D.R EVIEW OF V OLUNTARY C OMPLIANCE P ROGRAMS. ................................................................................ 3-14E.D ISRUPTIVE C ONDUCT. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-15F.C LASSIFIED A REAS ............................................................................................................................................. 3-16VI. REVIEW OF RECORDS. ................................................................................... 3-16A.I NJURY AND I LLNESS R ECORDS...................................................................................................................... 3-16B.R ECORDING C RITERIA. ...................................................................................................................................... 3-18C. R ECORDKEEPING D EFICIENCIES. .................................................................................................................. 3-18 VII. WALKAROUND INSPECTION. ....................................................................... 3-19A.W ALKAROUND R EPRESENTATIVES ............................................................................................................... 3-19B.E VALUATION OF S AFETY AND H EALTH M ANAGEMENT S YSTEM. ....................................................... 3-20C.R ECORD A LL F ACTS P ERTINENT TO A V IOLATION. ................................................................................. 3-20D.T ESTIFYING IN H EARINGS ................................................................................................................................ 3-21E.T RADE S ECRETS. ................................................................................................................................................. 3-21F.C OLLECTING S AMPLES. ..................................................................................................................................... 3-22G.P HOTOGRAPHS AND V IDEOTAPES.................................................................................................................. 3-22H.V IOLATIONS OF O THER L AWS. ....................................................................................................................... 3-23I.I NTERVIEWS OF N ON-M ANAGERIAL E MPLOYEES .................................................................................... 3-23J.M ULTI-E MPLOYER W ORKSITES ..................................................................................................................... 3-27 K.A DMINISTRATIVE S UBPOENA.......................................................................................................................... 3-27 L.E MPLOYER A BATEMENT A SSISTANCE. ........................................................................................................ 3-27 VIII. CLOSING CONFERENCE. .............................................................................. 3-28A.P ARTICIPANTS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3-28B.D ISCUSSION I TEMS. ............................................................................................................................................ 3-28C.A DVICE TO A TTENDEES .................................................................................................................................... 3-29D.P ENALTIES............................................................................................................................................................. 3-30E.F EASIBLE A DMINISTRATIVE, W ORK P RACTICE AND E NGINEERING C ONTROLS. ............................ 3-30F.R EDUCING E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ................................................................................................................ 3-32G.A BATEMENT V ERIFICATION. ........................................................................................................................... 3-32H.E MPLOYEE D ISCRIMINATION .......................................................................................................................... 3-33 IX. SPECIAL INSPECTION PROCEDURES. ...................................................... 3-33A.F OLLOW-UP AND M ONITORING I NSPECTIONS............................................................................................ 3-33B.C ONSTRUCTION I NSPECTIONS ......................................................................................................................... 3-34C. F EDERAL A GENCY I NSPECTIONS. ................................................................................................................. 3-35CHAPTER 4VIOLATIONSI. BASIS OF VIOLATIONS ..................................................................................... 4-1A.S TANDARDS AND R EGULATIONS. .................................................................................................................... 4-1B.E MPLOYEE E XPOSURE. ........................................................................................................................................ 4-3C.R EGULATORY R EQUIREMENTS. ........................................................................................................................ 4-6D.H AZARD C OMMUNICATION. .............................................................................................................................. 4-6E. E MPLOYER/E MPLOYEE R ESPONSIBILITIES ................................................................................................... 4-6 II. SERIOUS VIOLATIONS. .................................................................................... 4-8A.S ECTION 17(K). ......................................................................................................................... 4-8B.E STABLISHING S ERIOUS V IOLATIONS ............................................................................................................ 4-8C. F OUR S TEPS TO BE D OCUMENTED. ................................................................................................................... 4-8 III. GENERAL DUTY REQUIREMENTS ............................................................. 4-14A.E VALUATION OF G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENTS ................................................................................. 4-14B.E LEMENTS OF A G ENERAL D UTY R EQUIREMENT V IOLATION.............................................................. 4-14C. U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE ........................................................................................................ 4-23D.L IMITATIONS OF U SE OF THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..............................................................E.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS C ITED U NDER THE G ENERAL D UTY C LAUSE. ..................F. P ROCEDURES FOR I MPLEMENTATION OF S ECTION 5(A)(1) E NFORCEMENT ............................ 4-25 4-27 4-27IV.OTHER-THAN-SERIOUS VIOLATIONS ............................................... 4-28 V.WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ......................................................................... 4-28A.I NTENTIONAL D ISREGARD V IOLATIONS. ..........................................................................................4-28B.P LAIN I NDIFFERENCE V IOLATIONS. ...................................................................................................4-29 VI. CRIMINAL/WILLFUL VIOLATIONS. ................................................... 4-30A.A REA D IRECTOR C OORDINATION ....................................................................................................... 4-31B.C RITERIA FOR I NVESTIGATING P OSSIBLE C RIMINAL/W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS ........................ 4-31C. W ILLFUL V IOLATIONS R ELATED TO A F ATALITY .......................................................................... 4-32 VII. REPEATED VIOLATIONS. ...................................................................... 4-32A.F EDERAL AND S TATE P LAN V IOLATIONS. ........................................................................................4-32B.I DENTICAL S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-32C.D IFFERENT S TANDARDS. .......................................................................................................................4-33D.O BTAINING I NSPECTION H ISTORY. .....................................................................................................4-33E.T IME L IMITATIONS..................................................................................................................................4-34F.R EPEATED V. F AILURE TO A BATE....................................................................................................... 4-34G. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-35 VIII. DE MINIMIS CONDITIONS. ................................................................... 4-36A.C RITERIA ................................................................................................................................................... 4-36B.P ROFESSIONAL J UDGMENT. ..................................................................................................................4-37C. A REA D IRECTOR R ESPONSIBILITIES. .............................................................................. 4-37 IX. CITING IN THE ALTERNATIVE ............................................................ 4-37 X. COMBINING AND GROUPING VIOLATIONS. ................................... 4-37A.C OMBINING. ..............................................................................................................................................4-37B.G ROUPING. ................................................................................................................................................4-38C. W HEN N OT TO G ROUP OR C OMBINE. ................................................................................................4-38 XI. HEALTH STANDARD VIOLATIONS ....................................................... 4-39A.C ITATION OF V ENTILATION S TANDARDS ......................................................................................... 4-39B.V IOLATIONS OF THE N OISE S TANDARD. ...........................................................................................4-40 XII. VIOLATIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY PROTECTION STANDARD(§1910.134). ....................................................................................................... XIII. VIOLATIONS OF AIR CONTAMINANT STANDARDS (§1910.1000) ... 4-43 4-43A.R EQUIREMENTS UNDER THE STANDARD: .................................................................................................. 4-43B.C LASSIFICATION OF V IOLATIONS OF A IR C ONTAMINANT S TANDARDS. ......................................... 4-43 XIV. CITING IMPROPER PERSONAL HYGIENE PRACTICES. ................... 4-45A.I NGESTION H AZARDS. .................................................................................................................................... 4-45B.A BSORPTION H AZARDS. ................................................................................................................................ 4-46C.W IPE S AMPLING. ............................................................................................................................................. 4-46D.C ITATION P OLICY ............................................................................................................................................ 4-46 XV. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING. ...................................................................... 4-47CHAPTER 5CASE FILE PREPARATION AND DOCUMENTATIONI.INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5-1 II.INSPECTION CONDUCTED, CITATIONS BEING ISSUED. .................... 5-1A.OSHA-1 ................................................................................................................................... 5-1B.OSHA-1A. ............................................................................................................................... 5-1C. OSHA-1B. ................................................................................................................................ 5-2 III.INSPECTION CONDUCTED BUT NO CITATIONS ISSUED .................... 5-5 IV.NO INSPECTION ............................................................................................... 5-5 V. HEALTH INSPECTIONS. ................................................................................. 5-6A.D OCUMENT P OTENTIAL E XPOSURE. ............................................................................................................... 5-6B.E MPLOYER’S O CCUPATIONAL S AFETY AND H EALTH S YSTEM. ............................................................. 5-6 VI. AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES............................................................................. 5-8A.B URDEN OF P ROOF. .............................................................................................................................................. 5-8B.E XPLANATIONS. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5-8 VII. INTERVIEW STATEMENTS. ........................................................................ 5-10A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-10B.CSHO S SHALL OBTAIN WRITTEN STATEMENTS WHEN: .......................................................................... 5-10C.L ANGUAGE AND W ORDING OF S TATEMENT. ............................................................................................. 5-11D.R EFUSAL TO S IGN S TATEMENT ...................................................................................................................... 5-11E.V IDEO AND A UDIOTAPED S TATEMENTS. ..................................................................................................... 5-11F.A DMINISTRATIVE D EPOSITIONS. .............................................................................................5-11 VIII. PAPERWORK AND WRITTEN PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS. .......... 5-12 IX.GUIDELINES FOR CASE FILE DOCUMENTATION FOR USE WITH VIDEOTAPES AND AUDIOTAPES .............................................................. 5-12 X.CASE FILE ACTIVITY DIARY SHEET. ..................................................... 5-12 XI. CITATIONS. ..................................................................................................... 5-12A.S TATUTE OF L IMITATIONS. .............................................................................................................................. 5-13B.I SSUING C ITATIONS. ........................................................................................................................................... 5-13C.A MENDING/W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS AND N OTIFICATION OF P ENALTIES. .................................. 5-13D.P ROCEDURES FOR A MENDING OR W ITHDRAWING C ITATIONS ............................................................ 5-14 XII. INSPECTION RECORDS. ............................................................................... 5-15A.G ENERALLY. ......................................................................................................................................................... 5-15B.R ELEASE OF I NSPECTION I NFORMATION ..................................................................................................... 5-15C. C LASSIFIED AND T RADE S ECRET I NFORMATION ...................................................................................... 5-16。

SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1 商品说明书

SIMOCRANE CenSORV3.0 HF1These instructions take precedence over statements in other documents.Please read the instructions carefully since important information for installation and use of the software is included for you.In version V3.0 HF1 of the "SIMOCRANE CenSOR", the surface of the existing reflectors was replaced by a new, innovated surface. The new surface is a white/black printed reflective foil with a higher reflection class.In this version no changes are made in the camera HW and SW.The new reflectors are mounting compatible with the previous version. The camera system has remained functionally compatible with the new reflectors.Contents1 SCOPE OF DELIVERY1.1 DVD1.2 Runtime Licensing1.3 License conditions and disclaimer of Third-Party Software2 INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS2.1 Mounting and connecting2.2 Installation2.3 Uninstalling3 BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AND FUNCTIONAL RESTRICTIONS1 Scope of deliveryThe package “SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1” Outdoor Variant contains:Stainless steel housing including the camera “SIMATIC MV540 H CRANES”, IR flash and cable assembliesProduct DVDLicensing noticeMounting instructionsRetroreflective reflector (separate MLFB number)The package “SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1” Indoor Variant contains:Camera SIMATIC MV540 H CRANES, IR flash and cable assembliesProduct DVDLicensing noticeMounting instructionsRetroreflective reflector (separate MLFB number)The package “SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1” Reflectors contains:Retroreflector 300X300 mm 6GA7201-1AA01-0AA0Retroreflector 500X500mm 6GA7201-1AA02-0AA0The following software versions are associated:1.1 DVDThe software DVD (A5E50891177/002-2-DVD SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1) contains: Readme fileLicense agreementsSoftwareLinkDownloadPronetaMMI-Diagnose-ToolGSD file for SIMATIC MV540 H CRANESDocumentationManual in GermanManual in EnglishMounting Instructions camera/reflector in German/EnglishElectric circuit diagramDVD structure treeLimitation of liabilityFor the IMM Diagnostics ToolThe diagnostic tool and the corresponding documentation contained on the software DVD are provided free of charge. The customer is granted the non-exclusive, non-transferable, gratuitous right to use the software. This includes the right to change the software, to copy it unchanged or changed and to combine it with customer's own software.Governed by German law. Place of jurisdiction shall be Erlangen.Safety instructionsSiemens provides products and solutions with industrial security functions that support the secure operation of plants, solutions, machines, equipment and/or networks. They are important components of a holistic industrial security concept. The products and solutions from Siemens are continuously developed with this aspect in mind. Siemens recommends strongly that you regularly check for product updates.For the secure operation of Siemens products and solutions, it is necessary to take suitable preventive action (e.g. cell protection concept) and integrate each component into a holistic, state-of-the-art industrial security concept. Any third-party products that may be in use must also be taken into account. You will find more information about industrial security at:/industrialsecurityConstantly up-to-date information on SIMOCRANE products, product support, FAQs can be found on the Internet: https:///cs/ww/de/ps/200871.2 Runtime LicensingThe device is delivered with installed software. Please pay attention to the license agreements. Further information to the license agreements you will find the documents in ReadMe_OSS.zip on DVD.1.3 License conditions and disclaimer of Third-Party Software (e.g.Open Source Software and other License software)The product "SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1” contains unchanged Third Party Software or software changed by us. Please read the documents in ReadMe_OSS.zip on DVD carefully.2 Installing instructions2.1 Mounting and connectingThe instruction for mounting and connecting of SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1 is part of the manual "SIMOCRANE CenSOR Operating Instructions", edition 07/2021 as well in the mounting instructions on DVD.2.2 InstallationThe camera SIMOCRANE CenSOR MV540 H CRANES is equipped with a Web server that provides Web-Based Management (WBM). You can set up and configure your camera using the WBM. You can create crane-specific programs and perform diagnostics.The connection between camera und laptop / pc is via Ethernet. The WBM can be accessed via a Web browser such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Google Chrome.This construction has the following advantages:You do not have to install the software on your laptop / pc.You can start the WBM from any laptop / pc.For the first commissioning, you need application software, e.g., the Proneta tool for setting the address of SIMATIC NET Industrial Ethernet products. PRONETA can be found in your SIMATIC installation or as a free download on the website of Siemens Industry Online Support.https:///cs/ww/en/view/109781284With this application software you can determine and change the current IP address and the device name.The detailed procedure can be found in the manual "SIMOCRANE CenSOR Operating Instructions", edition 07/2021, Chapter 7.2.3 UninstallingThe installed Proneta-Tool can be uninstalled via Windows Start Settings Control Panel Software.3 Boundary conditions and functional restrictionsThe PROFINET communication with SIMOTION D 435-2 DP/PN onboard is not released.The ProfiNet connection between the SIMOCRANE CenSOR V3.0 HF1 and the SIMOTION D435-2 may lead to communication errors.RemedyThe communication to SIMOTION D435-2 should be made per UPD interface or per additional module CBE30-2.MMI-Diagnostics tool sporadic interruption during recodingMMI Diagnostics tool may not start the recordings correctly. This can be seen that the numberof images in the MMI Diagnostic Tool does not increase.Remedy:Restart the MMI diagnostic toolA training course by instructed personnel before a commissioning is recommended. This training course can be ordered optionally.End。

project warranty procedure工程保修程序

PROVISION OF EPCC OF WELLS TIE-INFOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: REV: 0 PAGE ** OF **PROVISION OF EPCC OF WELLS TIE-IN FORACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDProcedure for Project WarrantyA Issued for approvalREV. DESCRIPTION DATE PREP’D CHK’D REV’D APP’DFOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: ************************************* REV: A PAGE OFCONTENTS1.0 PURPOSE (4)2.0 SCOPE (4)3.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS (4)4.0 RESPONSIBILITIES (4)5.0 WARRANTY WORK PROGRAMME (5)6.0 DOCUMENT (6)7.0 REVISION AND NOTES (6)FOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: ************************************* REV: A PAGE OFREV.DATE REVISION DETAILSABFOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: ************************************* REV: A PAGE OF1.0 PURPOSEThis procedure, which is carried out in order to guide the execution of warranty works,covers the scope, responsibilities, procedures and requirements of project warranty ofPROVISION OF EPCC OF WELLS TIE-IN FOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40 KBOPDduring warranty period.2.0 SCOPEAccording to the ITB and contract of this project, the warranty period of this project istwelve (12) months, which is valid from the date of issue by COMPANY of the certificateof provisional acceptance. In case of any work which fails to meet the recognizedinternational professional codes, standards, specifications and practices, as mentionedin the scope of work of ITB or contract, which causes the work or a portion thereof to bedeficient, DOCG shall immediately correct the situation, deficient services, mistake, fault,omission or damages at DOCG's sole expense and costs. The following quality defectsshall be excluded from the warranty :1) Quality defects caused by improper use or thirdparties. 2) Quality defects caused by force majeure. The scope of warranty is mainlyconsists of the following work:(1) A proper temporary camp shall be prepared prior to the warranty period.(2) A warranty plan shall be composed and transmitted to COMPANY for approval priorto the warranty period.(3) The detailed manpower list, equipment & tools list, consumable & spare parts list willprepared and transmitted to COMPANY for review prior to the warranty period.(4) The maintenance procedure, plan, permit and statement of work should be preparedby the warranty team.(5 )Acknowledging receipt of warranty notice and executing maintenance task within thereasonably required period.(5) Notifying COMPANY of completed maintenance task timely.(6) Assistance to COMPANY’s operation team, including tools, consumables,maintenance instructions.3.0 DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS3.1 DefinitionsCOMPANY :DOCG :Shall : Indicate a mandatory requirementShould :Indicate a strong recommendation to comply with the requirement3.2 AbbreviationsH3SE : Occupation health, safety, security, social safety and environmental affairs.4.0 RESPONSIBILITIESFOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: ************************************* REV: A PAGE OF4.1 Project warranty teamDuring the warranty period, a warranty team, consists of managerial staff, engineers andoperation personnel, will be prepared to execute the warranty work. The managerial staffincludes warranty manager,manager of technology department, manager ofconstruction department, manager of H3SE department, manager ofprocurement department, manager of administration department. Equipmentengineer, electrical engineer, instrument engineer form an engineer team.Operation personnel is mainly composed of equipment fitter, pipe fitter, welder,electrician, instrument technician, storeman, craneman, lifting worker, pickup driver.Themembers of the warranty team shall have the efficient experiences in commissioningand maintenance, and familiar with facilities.The warranty team shall be on site all thetime during the warranty period to assure the emergency response.4.2 ResponsibilityThe warranty manager is responsible for management, control, coordinate of thewarranty activities.The manager of technology department is responsible for warranty responsibilityanalysis, warranty plan preparation, warranty materials requisition, warranty technicalguidance, etc.The manager of construction department is responsible for warranty execution, includingthe preparation of manpower, construction equipment, site and implement of warrantyactivities.The manager of H3SE department is responsible for H3SE management duringwarranty period, mainly including operation safety, security and social safety ofmaintenance activities.The manager of procurement department is responsible for purchase, transportation,storage and distribution of materials of warranty.The manager of administration department is responsible for Logistics support, externalcommunication and reception, document control, personnel mobilization.The engineer team is responsible for assisting the manager of handling respectiveprofessional problems during warranty period.Operation personnel is led by the manager of construction department, and responsiblefor specific maintenance activities.5.0 WARRANTY WORK PROGRAMMEFOR ACHIEVING YAMAMA 40KBOPDDETAIL DESIGN DOC.NO.: *************************************REV: A PAGE OF6.0 DOCUMENTwhen receiving warranty notice, a detailed maintenance scheme including but not limited to methods, sequence, manpower, construction equipment and tools, consumables, quality standard, schedules, etc., shall be prepared and submitted to COMPANY for review and approval.Maintenance record shall be made in the formats specified by COMPANY.7.0 REVISION AND NOTESIf this procedure cannot guarantee the warranty of the project, the procedure will be revised in case of new construction conditions, new site conditions or as COMPANY requires.non-warranty liabilitywarranty liabilityreceiving warrantynoticeAcknowledging rceipt of warranty notice notifying COMPANY of Warranty and non-warranty liability executing maintenanceclaim for reimbursement, executing maintenance when reaching an agreement on reimbursementnotifying COMPANY of completed maintenance task。

水电站进水蝶阀调试方案及流程

水电站进水蝶阀调试方案及流程英文回答：Water and Hydropower Station Butterfly Valve Commissioning Plan and Procedure.Commissioning the butterfly valve in a water and hydropower station is an important step in ensuring the smooth operation of the entire system. The following is a comprehensive plan and procedure for the commissioning process.1. Pre-commissioning Preparation:Ensure that all equipment and materials required for the commissioning are available and in good condition.Review the design specifications and operating manual of the butterfly valve to familiarize yourself with its features and functions.Conduct a visual inspection of the valve and associated components to ensure there are no visible damages or defects.2. Commissioning Procedure:Step 1: Valve Installation.Ensure that the valve is correctly installed according to the manufacturer's instructions and engineering design.Verify that all connections and joints are tightly secured and properly sealed.Conduct a preliminary check to ensure that the valve can be opened and closed smoothly.Step 2: Leakage Test.Close the valve and pressurize the system to thespecified operating pressure.Inspect the valve and associated piping for anysigns of leakage.If leakage is detected, identify the source and take necessary corrective actions.Step 3: Functional Test.Open and close the valve multiple times to check its functionality.Observe the valve's response and ensure that it operates smoothly without any abnormal noises or vibrations.Verify that the valve is able to achieve the desired flow control.Step 4: Flow Test.Gradually increase the flow rate through the valvewhile monitoring the pressure and flow parameters.Ensure that the valve can handle the specified flow rate without any significant pressure drops or fluctuations.Record the flow data for future reference and analysis.Step 5: Control System Integration.Integrate the butterfly valve into the overallcontrol system of the water and hydropower station.Test the valve's response to control signals and ensure that it operates in coordination with other system components.3. Post-commissioning Activities:Document all commissioning activities, includingtest results, observations, and any corrective actions taken.Conduct a final inspection to ensure that the valve and associated components are in proper working condition.Provide training to the operational staff on the operation and maintenance of the butterfly valve.中文回答：水电站进水蝶阀调试方案及流程。

核电常用缩略语

DEN
设计修改通知
DES
描述性(文件类别)
DMS
文件资料管理系统
DOC
资料中心
DP
着色探伤
DPS
大亚湾公安分局
DR
偏差项报告
DS
设计规范（文件编码用语）
DWG
图纸
ECC
设备状态证书
EDF
法国电力公司
EEC
安装竣工证书
EESR
安装竣工报告
EIR
环境影响报告
EMC
制造完工合格证
EMP
机电（工程）包
EMR
中文说明交流(电) 无意见接收带意见接收议标协议铝行政事务管理系统美国国家标准协会美国机械工程师学会美国材料试验学会开工令额外工作通知美国焊接协会装船提单，运货证书回填土检查单扁钢厂房移交核岛配套设施隔离办董事会电站配套设施工程量表英国标准英国标准协会技术规范对接焊，对接焊焊缝沸水堆离岸加运费价格竣工状态（文件管理用语）纠正措施报告（质保用语）货物状态证书灌浆检查单商务变更建议设备或材料在现场交货条件
制造完工报告
EMS
电气管理系统
ENG
技术实施细则
EOMM
设备运行维修手册
EOMR
设备出厂报告
EP
应急准备
EPT
性能试验结束
ERFS/EESR
EESR签字后保留项目跟踪文件来自ETF执行跟踪档案
FAC
最终验收证书
FBR
快中子反应堆
FC
按文件作施工准备
FCN
现场变更通知
China National Nuclear Corporation Commercial Operation Commercial Operation Date Construction Permit Conformity Punch List Cold Precritical Test Plant Quality Release Clarification Request Form Criticality China Road Transportation Company Carbon Steel Containment Tests Civil Work Catalog of Welded Joint Daily Commissioning Meeting Design Change Request Domestic Direct Dialing Design Evolution Notice Description Document Management System Documentation Center Dye Printing Daya Bay Public Security Branch Deviation Reports Design Specifications Drawing Equipment Condition Certification Electricite De France (法语) End of Erection Certification End of Erection Status Report Environmental Impact Report End Manufacturing Certificate Electro Mechanical Package End of Manufacturing Report Electrical Management System Engineering Procedure Manual Equipment Operation and Maintenance Manual End of Manufacturing Report Emergency Preparedness End of Performance Test

工艺用专用英语(中英对照)

工艺英语〔中英文〕项目建议资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition 商务commercial技术technical技术说明technical specification建议书proposal book资料费information price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation2报价资料工艺说明process descri ption工艺特点process feature经历记载experience record工艺特性process performance设备表equipment list说明规定规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP&I 图P&I diagram单线图single line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料文件document保证guarantee性能保证performance guarantee 时间保证time guarantee交货保证delivery guarantee建造保证workmanship guarantee 消费才能capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料raw material辅助原料sub-raw material产品product付产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limit(界区)进料incoming(界区)出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition (配管图)分界区match line工厂装置plant设备equipment关键设备critical equipment专利设备proprietary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment散装材料bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表instrument备品备件spare part建筑工具construction aid(现场)居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train日历日calendar day日历月calendar month机械(试车)完工mechanical completion 试车trial operation初次试车initial operation开车start up注油oil in投料fees in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol4估算估算estimate概算budgetary estimate推算slide幂指数power term(费用)分类,分项价格breakdown 外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible currency 专利费license fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费know-how fee根底设计费basic engineering fee 代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk易货补偿compensation直接费用direct cost间接费用indirect cost工程管理费project expense现场管理费field expense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费living expense出勤津贴daily allowance(出差)准备费outfit allowance劳务费labor cost根本工资base wage补偿费payroll burden福利费fringe benefit5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection(现场)位置location市场marketing可获利润率profitability消费本钱production cost经营费operation cost可变本钱variable cost不变本钱fixed cost总投资total capital cost折旧费depreciation现金流量cash flow折现现金流量discount cash flow工况研究case study产权资本,自有资金equity建立资本利息interest during construction6业务范围现场勘测site survey工艺设计process design根底设计basic engineering根底设计包basic design package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work临时工作temporary work投料试车commissioning培训training(现场)指导supervisory service 参谋advisor service初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project根底设施infrastructure上部构造superstructure软件software硬件hardware7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版(设计)厂copy plant消费厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant实验室规模装置bench scale unit 石化总厂petrochemical complex 下游(厂) downstream(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜象布置mirror image设计余量over design降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈Debottlenecking工厂模型plant model8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergency power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设施water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument gas generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮藏设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公楼administration building维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通用设施intercommunication facility 播送系统public address system询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility平安器具safety equipment生活设施colony公用设施town-shop娱乐设施recreation facility9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接雇佣direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent-owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方(1)buyer(2)purchaser卖方seller厂商vendor制造商(1)maker(2)manufacture业主owner参谋consultant技术参谋Technical adviser用户User最终用户End user客户(1)customer(2)client代理商agent挂名人dummy2. 投标合同2.1 投标概况询价inquiry报价估价书quotation estimation投标投标书bid tender投标资料bid document预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent协议agreement合同契约contract注销cancellation约定Consideration合同转让Assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁attribution根本法governing law机密条款(1)secrecy clause(2)non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages总赔偿额度total liability连带(债务) joint and several预先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties进犯专利patent infringement最高限额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond投标合同competitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contractFOB合同fob-type contract成套承包合同(1)turnkey contract (交钥匙合同) (2)chef montage contract 总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counter-purchase transaction3. 支付金融财务3.1支付金融支付条款支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payments存留款项保存资金retention payment定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment付款交单D/P documents against payment承兑交单调D/A documents against acceptance信贷信誉credit卖方信贷供应商信贷supplier’s credit买方信贷buyer’s credit银行借贷bank loan财政金融finance借款借贷loan归还reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信誉证信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单汇款单据documentary bill of exchange 汇款汇兑基金remittance自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表决算表balance sheet损益报表P&L profit and loss statement出口容许证export license出口容许证变更E/L amendCOCOM coordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment非标准结算方法non-standard paymentDBC draw back cargo(dbc)出口申报银行export declaration bank e/d进口申报单export declaration custom进口容许证import license保税区域bonded area关税import duty原产地说明书certificate of origin发票Invoice装箱单packing list提单bill of lading (B/L)指示提单order B/L直接提单straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L, on board B/L备运提单received B/L不附带条件的提单clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L直运提单direct B/L联运提单through B/L船上收货单mate’s receipt装货通知单shipping order (S/O)交货单delivery order (D/O)空运货单airway bill海上运费ocean freight海上运费同盟freight conference目的地付费freight payable at destination码头人工搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival (ETA)船离港预定时间expected time of departure (ETD) 海关快速发货custom quick despatch (CQD)滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo (ODC)海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor’s risk insurance出厂价(1)ex works(2)ex factory(3)ex mill海上交货fob-named port of shipment含保险海上交货cif-named port of destination国境交货条件franco frontier采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价dark price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏向表deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式(1)terms of payment(2)payment condition(3)payment terms 延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment方案支付scheduled payment购置条件terms and conditions of purchase折价discount会谈交涉negotiation澄清clarification购置意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation评语evaluation价格分析value analysis定购单purchase order变更定购单change order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期票promissory note催货expediting跟踪系统follow-up system包装packing防锈包装rust-proof packing防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing 防水包装water-proof packing软包装shrink packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate滑橇底座skid base框架箱framed box码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花篮螺栓turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护袋edge protector closure plate 防护角corner protector板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shipping mark注意标志care mark总图会议kick-off meeting工程研究会议project study meeting 开工会议launching meeting工程报告project reporting审查会议screening meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review工程完工报告job close-out report工程执行报告job performance report完工汇编close-out book反响系统feed back system工程设计条件project design information会签inter-department check工程设计engineering design工艺条件确认engineering review工艺条件校核engineering checking工程完成指标审核表project performance check sheet 施工版approved for construction (afc)设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material载荷条件loading data关键途径法critical path method关键途径进度表critical path schedulingPERT program evaluation and review technique工程预算project control budget工时man-hour (M/H)工日man-day (M/D)人月man-month (M/N)考勤表time sheet工作号work number工程号job number预期工程号proposal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report工程工时汇总job man-hour performance report费用分类code of account主账major account分账sub-account设备位号item number指定assign借调on-loan工程成员project number工程经理project manager (PM)工程经理助理assistant project manager (APM)施工经理construction manager (CM)开工经理operation manager (OM)现场指挥field manger工程前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始采购员originator协调员coordinator工程设计协调员project design coordinator (PDC)6.标准化资料管理法规规格标准化standardization标准规格standard工程规定engineer specification工程特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering manual标准图standard drawing工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law情报管理information and documentation信息中心information center调研(追述) retrospective searching信息选择效劳selective dissemination of information 情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficiency资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘抄secondary sources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals(学会)纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议记录proceedings索引期刊index journal文摘期刊abstract journal情报摘要information abstract提示文稿indicative abstract图书目录book catalog标题目录title catalog总目录union catalog标准目录standard catalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-context indexKWOC索引keyword-out-of-context index顺序索引permuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subject analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进分类法universal decimal classification 阅读卡片visible card书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system穿孔卡夹aperture card微缩胶片fiche film高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law 消防法fire service law劳动平安卫生法industry safety and health law建筑根本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units系统图、设备布置图、配管图及材料统计7 图纸、条件表工艺流程图Process flow diagram(PFD)管道仪表流程图Process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID) 公用工程流程图Utility balance diagram(UFD)框图Block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图Utility balance diagram(UBD)平面布置图Plot plan立面布置图General arrangement总图General plot plan规划图Planning drawing管道研究图Piping study drawing管道布置图〔配管图〕Piping arrangement drawing分区图Key plan管道走向研究图Piping routing study drawing地下管道图Underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图Piping special parts drawing管架详图Piping hanging drawing预制图Prefabrication drawing参考图Reference drawing通用图Typical drawing制造厂图Vendor’s drawing管道轴测图Isometric piping drawing开工图As-built drawing模型Model管线表Line schedule计算书Calculation sheet图纸目录Drawing schedule发图阶段Issue stage版次Revision number编号体系Numbering system比例Scale工厂北向Plant north海平面标高Over-sea mean level(OSL)标高Elevation(EL)已有钢构造Existing structure装货区Loading area公用工程站Utility station柱号Column number净空headroom通道Access way小通道Cat way钢构造顶部标高Top of structure elevation 管底标高Bottom of piping elevation主管口径Run size顶平偏心异径管Eccentric reducer top flat 中心到面的间隔Center to face工作点标高Working point elevation管架标注Hanging marking冷拉Cold spring管线记号Line symbol管线接口Line connection物流号Stream NO.管线号Line NO.管道等级号(1) class designation(2) spec designation 阀门号Valve NO.等级分界Specification break重要管道Critical piping总管Header pipe仪表管道Instrument piping排放管道Blowdown piping火炬气管道Flare piping输送管线Transfer line入口管线Suction line排水管Effluent line旁通管Bypass line吹扫系统Purge system放空接口Vent connection软管接口Hose connection双切断阀及排放阀Double block and bleeder污水沟Sewer ditch冷凝液池Condensate pit积水坑Sump box漏斗Drip funnel管段Spool piece垫环Space ring限流孔板Restriction orifice流量喷嘴Flow nozzle液体混合用三通Mixing tee喷头Spray nozzle粗滤器Strainer临时粗滤器Temporary strainer疏水阀Steam trap爆破膜Rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道Steam-traced piping 夹套管道Jacketed piping地下管道Underground piping管道要素钢管Steel pipe螺纹端管Threaded pipe法兰端管Flanged pipe锻制的Swage光滑弯管Smooth bendU型弯管U-bend弯管Bending pipe波纹管膨胀节Expansion bellows 柔性管Flexible pipe管件接头Pipe fitting joint机械连接Mechanical joint活套连接Lapped joint环行垫连接Ring type joint扩口接头Flare type joint非扩口接头Flareless type joint承插连接Bell and spigot Victaulic 接头Victaulic joint弯头Elbow异径管Reducer管接头Coupling活接头Union短管Nipple法兰Flange配对法兰Companion flange法兰盖Blind flange异径法兰Reducing flange八字盲板(1) spectacle blind(2) reversible blind 平板式法兰Plate flange带颈法兰Hubbed flange对焊法兰Welding flange松套法兰Loose flange管端突缘Stub end法兰面Flange face垫片沟槽Gasket groove满平面Full face突面Raised face大准槽面Large tongue and groove face双凹凸面Double male & female face大凹凸面Large male & female face金属垫片Metallic gasket非金属垫片Non-metallic gasketO型环Semi-metallic gasket透视垫O-ring对焊Lens ring承插焊接Butt weld滑套焊接Socket weld焊接支管台Slip-on weld插入环Insert ring管帽Cap材料表Bill of material材料统计Take-off管段表Line bill of material估算汇总表Estimation summary sheet备品备件表Spare parts list报价单Quotation sheet订货表Purchase order schedule材料汇总表Bill of material summary状态报告Status report分布报告Distribution report价格、重量一览表Cost & weight summary 价格、重量汇总表Cost & weight total定货管理表Order control管道材料管理表Piping material control sheet 元件代码Item code标记号Tag number标准形态Standard shape轴测图Isometric drawing管线号Line reference批号Batch reference管子下料表Piping cutting list制作件表Fabrication parts list组装件表Erection part list固定架Anchor滑动架Resting support导向架Guide限位架Directional stop减振架Dampener支架Support管托Shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座Saddle耳轴Trunnion吊架Hanger刚性吊架Rigid hanger弹簧吊架Spring hanger恒力吊架Constant hanger阀门Valve截止阀Globe valve闸阀Gate valve针行阀Needle valve球阀Ball valve止回阀Check valve隔膜阀Diaphragm valve三通阀Three-way valve角阀Angle valve蝶阀Butterfly valve旋塞阀Cock伸长杆操作Extension stem-operation链操作Chain-operated齿轮操作Gear-operated扳手操作Wrench-operated电动操作Motor-operated阀芯Trim阀盖Bonnet焊接支管Weld branch偏置Offset焊缝根部间隙Weld root gap现场调整后再下料和焊接Cut and weld after adjusting坡度Slope工作点Working point管架说明Notes for piping hanging部门间校核版Interdepartmental check print平端Plain end坡口端Beveled管道联接图Piping hook-up drawing管道图说明Notes for piping drawing标题栏Title block询价单Piping requisition sheet8 配管及一般设备设计8.1 保温、保冷绝热Insulation设备绝热表Equipment insulation schedule绝热符号Insulation code保温设计Design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温Insulation for stable operating 人身防护Personnel protection防火层Fire-proofing防结露Anti-sweat防冻Winterizing防音Sound protection保温材料Hot insulation material保冷材料Cold insulation material石棉asbestos硅藻土Diatomaceous earth岩棉Rock wool玻璃棉Glass wool碳酸镁Magnesium carbonate硅酸铝Calcium silicate珍珠岩Perlite软木板Cork boards毛毡Hair felt泡沫聚氨酯Foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯Rigid foam urethane 硬泡沫橡胶Rigid foam rubber玛碲脂Mastic耐磨损材料Anti-abrasion coating material 管壳Lagging cloth铁丝网Hexagonal wire netting填缝材料Caulking material保护层(1) jacketing sheet(2) cover sheet 波纹铝板Corrugated aluminum sheet有色镀锌钢板Precoated galvanized sheet 搭板Butt strapZ型接头Z-joint防腐、涂漆色标Colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsell notation管道识别色Identification of piping system 防腐层External coating油漆Paint清漆Varnish防腐漆(1) anti-corrosive paint(2) rush-proof paint含铝漆Aluminum paint底漆Primer耐酸漆Acid-proof paint耐碱漆Alkali-proof paint耐热漆Heat-resisting paint测温漆Thermo-paint绝缘漆Insulating varnish外表处理Surface preparation涂漆painting阴极保护Cathodic protection振动解析机械振动Mechanical vibration自由振动Free vibration强迫振动Forced vibration自励振动Self-excited vibration固有频率Natural frequency固有周期Natural period波谷Loop波峰Node正弦振动Sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动Non-linear oscillation阻尼振动Damped vibration临界阻尼Critical damping衰减系数(1) attenuation(2) decay coefficient(3) decay factor 共振Resonance扭曲振动Torsional vibration挠性振动Flexural vibration极限速度Critical speed固有值Characteristic value临界条件Boundary condition弹簧系数Spring constant惯性矩Moment of inertia回转半径Radius of gyration振动吸收装置Dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器Hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1) spring dampener(2) spring damper 油压锁定Oil lock耐振设计固有振动方式Natural frequency mode卓越周期Predominant period根本周期First natural frequency横波Transverse wave纵波Longitudinal wave相对位移Relative displacement质量比Mass ratio静解析法Static method修正静解析法Corrected static method动解析法Modal analysis时历响应解析法Time history response analysis设计响应光谱Design response spectrum加速响应光谱Acceleration response spectrum地板响应光谱Floor response spectrum标准响应光谱Standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比Acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性构造Rigid structure柔性构造Flexible structure长周期构造Long-period structure 刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波Earthquake accelerogram位移量记录Displacement record设计地震Design earthquake设计震度Design seismic coefficient 地震Earthquake震源间隔Distance to centrum震中间隔Distance to epicenter震级Magnitude地震波显示仪Seismoscope地震仪Seismograph耐震等级Seismic class基岩Base rock应力分析外力External force内力Internal force反作用力Reaction force力偶Couple of force弯矩Bending moment扭矩Twist moment应力Stress弯曲应力Bending stress扭曲应力Torsional stress圆周应力Hoop stress峰值应力Peak stress一次应力Primary stress二次应力Secondary stress轴向应力Axial stress重复应力Repeated stress脉动应力Pulsating stress交变应力Alternating stress应变Strain应变能Strain energy主应力Principal stress主应力理论Principal stress theory最大剪切应力理论Maximum shearing stress theory 剩余应力Residual stress热应力Thermal stress热破坏Thermal shock疲劳Fatigue疲劳曲线S-N diagram疲劳极限(1) fatigue limit(2) endurance limit腐蚀疲劳Corrosion fatigue蠕变Creep蠕变疲劳Creep fatigue尺寸效应Size effect应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration形状系数Shape coefficient缺口系数Notch factor应力强度系数Stress intensity factor几何惯性矩Geometrical moment of inertia断面系数Modulus of section断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area杨氏模量Young’s modulus横向弹性系数Modulus of transverse elasticity 体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity 泊松比Poissor’s ratio弹性极限Elastic limit屈服点Yield point拉伸强度Tensile strength伸长Elongation永久变形Permanent set弹性Flexibility弹性分析Elastic analysis弹性屈服Elastic buckling塑性Plasticity塑变滞后Plasticity hysteresis极限分析Limit analysis弹塑性分析Elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析Fatigue analysis有限元法Finite element method静荷载Dead load流体流动水锤Water hammer急关Rapid closure缓关Slow closure冲击波Shock closure液压振动Acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动Pulsation flow两相流Two-phase flow气压振动Acoustic vibration卡门涡街Karman eddies颤抖Fluttering气蚀cavitation噪音噪音(1) noise(2) undesired sound听力范围Auditory sensation area掩蔽Masking背景噪音Background noise声强Sound intensity声压Sound pressure声压值Sound pressure level噪声值(1) noise level (2) sound level 噪声计Sound level meter听觉校正回路Weighting network音平Soundness level音能Sound power音能值Sound power level总体值Overall level90%范围90% range中间值MedianNR数Noise rating number频率分析器Frequency analyzer倍频器Octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值Band level音场Sound field方向性Directivity方向系数Directivity factor衍射Diffraction声源Sound source房间常数Room constant吸音率Sound absorption coefficient穿透率Transmission coefficient穿透损失Transmission loss质量原理Mass law设计条件操作压力Operating pressure最高操作压力Maximum operating pressure操作温度Operating temperature最高操作温度Maximum operating temperature 温度基准Base temperature腐蚀裕度Corrosion allowance许容应力Allowable stress平安系数Safety factor地理条件Geological conditions9. 塔、槽、换热器、加热炉设备表vessel schedule工程图engineering drawing管口表(1)nozzle chart (2)nozzle schedule管口方位nozzle orientation予焊件图clip schedule切线tangent line(TL)焊缝线weld line(WL)参照线working line(WL)基准线base line容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supported tower板式塔tray tower填料塔packed tower喷淋塔spray tower槽、罐drum贮罐tank球罐(1)spherical tank (2)ball tank 浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas holder干式气柜dry gas holder料仓(1)silo (2)bin料斗hopper内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray筛板塔盘perforated tray浮阀塔盘valve tray单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray 波纹塔盘ripple tray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封槽seal pot取液槽draw-off pot密封盘seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring 鲍尔环Pall ring泪孔weep hole填料packing拉希环Rasching ring矩鞍形填料intalox saddle 分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feed deflecter防涡流挡板vortex breaker 内筒cartridge壳体shell变颈段reducing section椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head碟形封头(1)dished head (2)torispherical head 半球形封头hemispherical head椎形封头conical head平封头flat head加强圈reinforcing ring夹套jacket人孔manhole手孔hand hole检查孔inspection hole接收nozzle凸缘pad nozzle锻制接收forged nozzle补强板reinforcing pad信号孔tell-tale hole容器支座vessel support裙座skirt支腿leg支耳support lug底座base block根底环base ring筋板gusset plate压环compression ring鞍座saddle模板template通道acess opening套管pipe sleeve连结板lug接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulation support吊柱davit人孔绞链manhole hinge放空口vent nozzle呼吸阀breather valve计量口gauge hatch换热器heat exchanger换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMTD) 平均温差mean temperature difference(MTD)污垢系数fouling factor布管图tube arrangement三角形排列triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列square arrangement转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger固定管板式换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchanger U形管式换热器U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器kettle type heat exchanger套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger 冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger换热管tube折流板baffle plate管箱channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头floating head防冲挡板impingement baffle管束tube bundle管板tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头ferrule加热炉direct-fired heater热负荷(1)heat duty (2)heat release热损失heat loss加热炉效率efficiency of heater热流率heat flux管壁温度tube skin temperature体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射段radiant section对流段convection section屏蔽段shield section坝墙bridge wall暴露墙exposed wall屏蔽墙shielded wall管支承tube support炉管(1)heater tube (2)furnace tube扩大外表管extended surface tube联箱(1)header (2)header box回弯头return bend管群间连接收crossover通风draft烟道flue〔烟道〕挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excess air风箱wind box观察孔(1)observation door (2)peep door 检修孔access door防爆门explosion door吹灰器soot blower油漆清车导轨painter trolley陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火砖fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板insulation board可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑linking anchor、炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansion joint10. 转动机械轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearing housing联轴节shaft coupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带〔三角皮带〕V-belt转动设备turning equipment光滑lubrication光滑油(1) lubricating oil (2)lube oil 密封seal轴封shaft seal填料函packing填料箱stuffing box油膜密封oil film seal油封seal oil机械密封mechanical seal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connecting rod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinder liner气缸阀cylinder value活塞piston金属填料metallic packing予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体〔壳体〕casing转子rotor平衡活塞balance piston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearing ring灯笼环(1)latern ring (2)seal cage轴动力(1)shaft power (2)brake horsepower 额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失gear loss机械效率mechanical efficiency机械损失mechanical loss额定转数rated speed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed旋转油膜oil whirl临界速度critical speed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩starting torque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulic horsepower活塞位移piston displacement体积效率volumetric efficiency显示图indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio泵pump泵效率pump efficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitation coefficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head 离心泵centrifugal pump混流泵〔斜流泵〕mixed-flow pump 轴流泵axial pump容量泵displacement type pump往复泵〔活塞泵〕reciprocating pump 旋转泵rotary pump再生泵regenerative pump底阀foot valve10.4压缩机，风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressor efficiency往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor间隙容积clearance volumn隙囊clearance pocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor轴面压缩机axial compressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-blade fan旋桨式风机propeller fan罗茨鼓风机(1)roots blower (2)two-lobe blower 螺杆式压缩机screw compressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器〔二次冷却器〕aftercooler缓冲器snubber透平turbine冲动式透平impulse turbine反作用式透平reaction turbine凝汽式透平condensing turbine抽气式透平extraction turbine背压式透平back pressure turbine透平效率turbine efficiency调速器governor速度范围speed range速度调节阀speed governing valve 应急调速器emergency governor跳闸速度〔应急速度限〕trip speed 应急阀trip valve操纵阀sentinel valve冷冻机refrigerator制冷剂refrigerant。

国际海事组织MSC分委会有关船舶定线制和报告制的通函(第1060号,英文原版)

1.2 Ships’ routeing systems and ship reporting systems can be established to improve safety of life at sea, safety and efficiency of navigation, and/or increase the protection of the marine environment. Proposals for a ships’ routeing system or a ship reporting system submitted to NAV should be in accordance with the IMO rules and procedures for the submission of documents. After a proposal has been approved by NAV, NAV will forward the proposal to the MSC for final adoption. A new or amended IMO-adopted ships' routeing system or ship reporting system will not come into force earlier than six months after adoption or, if later than six months, on a date proposed by the proposing Member Government(s), after it has communicated such a date to IMO.
2 Member Governments are invited to use the annexed Guidance Note when developing, drafting, and submitting ships’ routeing and reporting system proposals and to bring the annexed Guidance Note to the attention of all parties concerned.

Tendering Procedure(推荐文档)

Tendering ProcedureThis document presents a systematic approach for tendering and awarding of contracts for international construction projects. It is intended to assist the employer / engineer to receive sound competitive tenders in accordance with the tender documents so that they can be quickly and efficiently assessed. At the same time, an effort has been made to provide the opportunity and incentive to contractors to respond easily to invitations to tender for projects which they are qualified to implement. It is hoped that the adoption of this procedure will minimize tendering costs and ensure that all tenderers receive a fair and equal opportunity to submit their offers on a reasonable and comparable basis. Introduction Establishment of Procurement Method and Form of Tendering.In the context of this document the word “project’ covers all the stages from the initial idea to construct a given physical asset to the final taking-over by the employer of the completed work.Project Strategy Projects may be organized and implemented in accordance with different strategies. Which strategy is best suited for the purpose depends on, for example, the nature and complexity of the project, the access to finance, life cycle costs of the projects, the technical and administrative capability of the employer and the general political and economic environment.The project strategy defines the way in which the project will be implemented, determines the role of each party involved and, where appropriate, specifies the way the project will operate. To a large degree contractual relationship（合同关系）between the parties and their individual rights, duties and risks are thereby also determined by the project strategy.At the implementation stage of a project, tendering serves as a method to ensure that the work is procured at competitive terms.The choice of strategy is a major decision which has far-reaching consequences. Once a strategy has been settled it is of great importance that it be followed throughout the implementation of the project. Lack of strict adherence to the strategy may lead to flaws in the procurement process, resulting in claims, disputes and extra cost for all concerned. Any part of a project which can be covered by a separate contract may in principle be made subject to tendering.As soon as the project strategy has been decided, the employer, assisted by his engineer, should establish procurement methods and forms of tendering to be used in the project.The procurement methods and forms of tendering are established by determining:（1）The parts of the project for which tenders are to be sought;（2）The conditions of contract to be adopted;（3）The award criteria; and（4）The tendering procedure.Once these basic preconditions have been determined and agreed between the employer and his engineer, the planning of when and how the tendering can be carried out may commence.If, for unforeseen reasons, changes in principle and form have to be made at a later stage in the project the implications of such changes have to be considered and assessed carefully.Preparation of Programmes The tendering procedure, as described in this document, implies that certain activities have to be carried out in connection with each part of the project for which a separate tender is to be called.It is important that these activities are carried out in a systematic and timely manner. They should therefore be planned carefully and incorporated in the programme for the project.Normally, preliminary overall programme covering all major activities of the project is prepared in the initial stage of the project. As a minimum（作为最低要求）, such programme should comprise the main phases of the project, that is:-Project definition-Tendering procedure-Design-Construction-Taking-overand should establish all milestones of significance in connection with each phase.Calling tenders for a given part of the project should be carried out in compliance with the overall programme.In order to ensure this compliance, detailed programmes should be made for implementing the tendering procedure for each part of the project. As a minimum, these programmes should specify duration and deadlines for the following activities in connection with each potential contract.-Preparation of tender documents-Preparation of prequalification document-Prequalification of tenderers-Obtaining tenders-Opening of tenders-Evaluation of tenders-Award of contractTime should be allowed in each programme for the employer to make necessary decisions and give required approvals.Further information about content and scope of each of these activities is given in the following section of this document.Prepration of Prequalification Documents General: Prequalificationis recommended to ensure that tenders are sought only from contractors whom the employer / engineer has already established as having the requisite resources and experience to perform the intended work satisfactorily.Prequalification of Tenderers The aim of prequalification is to establish a list of capable firms whilst ensuring that a proper level of competition is safeguarded.To achieve these objectives and to give added encouragement for contractors to respond to invitations to tender, no more than seven organizations should be prequalified unless the rules of the employer or financing institution otherwise dictate.Prequalification Document Prequalification documents should give information about the project, the tendering procedure and the prequalification procedure. They should also specify what data is required from contractors wishing to prequalify.The documents are prepared by the employer / engineer and will normally include the following:-Letter of invitation to prequalify-Information about the prequalification procedure-Project information-Prequalification applicationThe documents should include inter alia the following: -Name and address of the employer-Name and address of the engineer-Location of the project-Description of the project and scope of work included in the contract-Anticipated programme, indicating the tender period, contract award date,design/construction/ commissioning periods and any other key dates -Conditions of contract to be used-Criteria for evaluation of tenders-Criteria for prequalification-Details of any work intended to be undertaken by nominated subcontractor(s)-Anticipated sources of finance (including any requirement for contractor financing)-Payment arrangements envisaged (including currencies)-Any financial guarantees to be given by contractors-Whether price escalation arrangements will be included-Language and law of the contract-Any aspect of the intended work which is unusual and would thus have a bearing on the contractors obligations-Charges for purchase of tender documents,if applicableApplicants should also be advised of:-The policy of the employer concerning domestic preference-The attitude of the employer to joint ventures. It is recommended that Joint ventures should be allowed to prequalify but that the subsequent formation of Joint ventures from amongst prequalified organizations should be controlled as this reduces the breadth of competition. A prequalified organization should be allowed to strengthen its capability by the subsequent incorporation, during the tender period,of non-prequalified firm(s), subject to the approval of the employer.-The number of copies of prequalification applications to be submitted.-The name, address and latest date for receipt of submissions, including any particular instructions for labeling.-The language to be used for the submissions-The currency to be used for presenting financial information.Invitation to Prequalify The employer/engineer should publish a notice of inviting interested contractors to apply for prequalification documents, stating that tender documents will be issued only to a limited number of companies/joint ventures selected by the employer/engineer as having the necessary qualifications to perform the work satisfactorily. The notice should be published in appropriate newspapers and journals to give sufficient publicity according to the particular circumstances of the project. The notice may also be issued to financing institution representatives, if relevant, and to government agencies responsible for foreign trade so that the international community receives timely notification of the proposed project and instructions on how to apply. The notice should be reasonably brief and where feasible contain: -Name of the employer.-Name of the engineer.-Location of the project.-Description of the project and scope of work.-Source of finance.-Anticipated programme (i.e. award of contract, completion and any other key dates).-Planned dates for issue of tender documents and submission of tenders.-Instructions for applying for prequalification documents.-Date by which applications to prequalify must be submitted.-Minimum qualification requirements and any particular aspects which could be of concern to prospective tenderers.Issue and Submission of Prequalification Documents On receipt of requests from contractors, the employer/engineer should issue the prequalification document.The letter of invitation to prequalify should state how the application is to be packaged and sent.The employer/engineer should acknowledge receipt of the completed prequalification applications from the contractors.Analysis of Prequalification Applications The employer/engineer should evaluate the prequalification applications to identify those companies/joint ventures whom they consider to be suitably qualified and experienced to undertake the project.The evaluations should determine, for each company or joint venture: -Structure and organization.-Experience in both the type of work and the country or region in which it is to be undertaken.-Available resources, in terms of management capability, technical staff, construction and fabrication facilities, maintenance and training facilities, or other relevant factors.-Quality assurance procedures and environmental policy.-Extent to which any work would be likely to be subcontracted.-Financial stability and resources necessary to execute the project.-General suitability, taking into account any potential language difficulties.-Litigation or arbitration history.Selection of Tenderers If the resulting list, after those firms who were found unsuitable have been excluded, exceeds six potential tenderers and there are no special regulations or conditions imposed on the employer, the selection procedure should be continued to eliminate the less well-qualified in order to arrive at no more than six.Notification of Applicants When the list of the selected tenderers has been prepared, successful applicants should be notified and requested to confirm their intention to submit a tender. This should ensure, as far as possible, an adequate number of competitive tenders. If a potential tenderer wishes to drop out at this stage, the next best-placed should be invited and asked to confirm as above. Following this, all applicants should be notified of the list of selected tenderers without giving explanation for the decisions.招投标本文介绍了国际间的建筑工程的招投标和签订合同的系统方法。

化工装置常用英语词汇对照

化工装置常用英语词汇对照1. 反应釜（Reactort） Reactor2. 蒸馏塔（Distillation Tower） Distillation Column3. 冷凝器（Condenser） Condenser4. 换热器（Heat Exchanger） Heat Exchanger5. 压缩机（Compressor） Compressor6. 泵（Pump） Pump7. 阀门（Valve） Valve8. 管道（Pipeline） Pipeline9. 传感器（Sensor） Sensor10. 控制系统（Control System） Control System11. 进料（Feed） Feed12. 产品（Product） Product13. 副产品（Byproduct） Byproduct14. 废料（Waste） Waste15. 物料（Material） Material16. 流量（Flow Rate） Flow Rate17. 压力（Pressure） Pressure18. 温度（Temperature） Temperature19. 浓度（Concentration） Concentration20. 比重（Specific Gravity） Specific Gravity21. 开车（Startup） Startup22. 停车（Shutdown） Shutdown23. 维修（Maintenance） Maintenance24. 检修（Overhaul） Overhaul25. 调试（Commissioning） Commissioning26. 操作规程（Operating Procedure） Operating Procedure27. 安全规程（Safety Procedure） Safety Procedure28. 紧急停车（Emergency Shutdown） Emergency Shutdown29. 报警系统（Alarm System） Alarm System30. 防爆区域（Explosionproof Area） Explosionproof Area 化工装置常用英语词汇对照（续）31. 化学反应（Chemical Reaction） Chemical Reaction32. 反应速率（Reaction Rate） Reaction Rate33. 溶解度（Solubility） Solubility34. 酸碱度（pH Value） pH Value35. 悬浮物（Suspension） Suspension36. 沉淀（Precipitation） Precipitation37. 搅拌（Agitation） Agitation38. 过滤（Filtration） Filtration39. 萃取（Extraction） Extraction40. 吸附（Adsorption） Adsorption41. 蒸发（Evaporation） Evaporation42. 结晶（Crystallization） Crystallization43. 干燥（Drying） Drying44. 焙烧（Calcination） Calcination45. 熔融（Melting） Melting46. 铸造（Casting） Casting47. 冷却（Cooling） Cooling48. 加热（Heating） Heating49. 真空（Vacuum） Vacuum50. 压缩空气（Compressed Air） Compressed Air51. 工艺流程（Process Flow） Process Flow52. 设备布局（Equipment Layout） Equipment Layout53. 流程图（Piping and Instrumentation Diagram, P&ID）Piping and Instrumentation Diagram54. 设计规范（Design Specification） Design Specification55. 操作手册（Operation Manual） Operation Manual56. 安全手册（Safety Manual） Safety Manual57. 环保要求（Environmental Requirements） Environmental Requirements58. 能耗（Energy Consumption） Energy Consumption59. 自动化（Automation） Automation60. 信息化（Informatization） Informatization这些词汇在化工装置的日常操作、维护和管理中扮演着重要角色。

项目管理英汉词汇PM

EnglishABCABMAbstract Resource AbstractionAccelerationAcceptability Criteria Acceptable Quality Level AQL AcceptanceAcceptance Criteria Acceptance Letters Acceptance Number Acceptance Review Acceptance TestAcquisition Methods Acquisition Negotiations Acquisition PlanAcquisition Plan Review Acquisition Planning Acquisition Process Acquisition StrategyActionAction ItemAction Item FlagsAction PlanActivationActive ListeningActivity Arrow NetActivity Based Costing Activity Based Management Activity CalendarActivity CodeActivity DefinitionActivity DescriptionActivity DurationActivity Duration Estimating Activity ElaborationActivity FileActivity IDActivity ListActivity Node NetActivity on ArcActivity on ArrowActivity on NodeActivity OrientedActivity Oriented Schedule Activity PropertiesActivity QuantitiesActivity StatusActivity TimingActorActualActual and Scheduled Progress Actual CostActual Cost Data Collection Actual CostsActual DatesActual Direct CostsActual ExpendituresActual FinishActual Finish DateActual StartActual Start DateACWPAdaptationAdded ValueAddendumAdequacyAdjourningAdjustmentADMADM ProjectAdministrationAdministrativeAdministrative Change Administrative Management ADPADRAdvanced Material Release AFEAFEAffectAffected PartiesAgencyAgendaAggregationAgreementAgreement legalALAPAlgorithmAlignmentAllianceAllocated BaselineAllocated RequirementsAllocationAllowable CostAllowanceAlternate ResourceAlternative AnalysisAlternative Dispute Resolution AlternativesAmbiguityAmendmentAmount at StakeAMRAnalysisAnalysis and DesignAnalysis TimeAnalystAND RelationshipAnecdotalAnticipated Award CostAOQAOQLAPMAApparent Low BidderApplicationApplication AreaApplication for ExpenditureApplication for Expenditure Justification Application ProgramsApplied Direct CostsApportioned EffortApportioned TaskAppraisalApproachAppropriationApprovalApproval to ProceedApproveApproved Bidders ListApproved ChangesApproved Project RequirementsAPRAQLArbitraryArbitrationArcArchitectural BaselineArchitectural ViewArchitectureArchitecture executableArchiveArchive PlanArea of Project Management Application ArrowArrow Diagram MethodArrow DiagrammingArrow Diagramming MethodArtifactArtificialASAPAs-built DesignAs-built DocumentationAs-Built ScheduleAs-Late-As-PossibleAs-NeededAs-Performed ScheduleAssemblyAssembly SequenceAssessmentAssetsAssignmentAssociated RevenueAssociationAs-Soon-As-PossibleAssumptionAssumptionsAssumptions ListAssuranceAttitudeAttributeAttritionAuditAuthoritarianAuthoritativeAuthorityAuthority for Expenditure AuthorizationAuthorizeAuthorized Unpriced WorkAuthorized WorkAuthorized WorksAutomated Data ProcessingAutomatic Decision EventAutomatic GenerationAutomatic Test EquipmentAuxiliary Ground EquipmentAvailabilityAverage Outgoing Quality Average Outgoing Quality Limit Average Sample Size Curve AvoidanceAwardAward FeeAward LetterBACBack ChargeBackchargeBackward PassBad DebtsBalanceBalanced MatrixBalanced ScorecardBalanced Scorecard Approach BankBankingBar ChartBargainingBargaining PowerBarriersBaseBaselineBaseline at Completion Baseline budgetBaseline businessBaseline ConceptBaseline ControlBaseline CostBaseline cost estimate Baseline DatesBaseline Finish DateBaseline ManagementBaseline PlanBaseline ReviewBaseline ScheduleBaseline Start DateBaseline technicalBasis of EstimateBatchBatch OperationBATNABCMBCWPBCWSBehaviorBehavior AnalysisBenchmarkBenchmarkingBeneficial Occupancy/UseBenefitsBenefits FrameworkBenefits ManagementBenefits Management PlanBenefits Management RegimeBenefits ProfilesBenefits Realization PhaseBest Alternative to Negotiated Agreement Best and Final Contract OfferBest and Final OfferBest Efforts ContractBest PracticesBest ValueBeta DistributionBeta TestBeta testingBidBid AnalysisBid BondBid Cost ConsiderationsBid Document PreparationBid DocumentsBid EvaluationBid ListBid PackageBid ProtestsBid QualificationsBid ResponseBid Technical ConsiderationBid Time ConsiderationBid/No Bid DecisionBidderBidders ConferenceBidders ListBidders Source SelectionBiddingBidding StrategyBillBill of MaterialsBills of MaterialsBlanket Purchase AgreementBlueprintBoardBoiler PlateBona FideBondBonusBonus SchemesBooking RatesBOOTBottom Up Cost EstimateBottom Up Cost Estimating Bottom Up EstimatingBoundaryBPABPRBrainstormingBranching LogicBreach of Contract BreadboardingBreak EvenBreakdownBreakdown StructureBreak-Even ChartBreak-Even ChartsBreak-Even PointBribeBSABuck PassingBudgetBudget at CompletionBudget CostBudget CostsBudget DecrementBudget ElementBudget EstimateBudget PresentationBudget RevisionBudget UnitBudgetary ControlBudgetedBudgeted Cost of Work Performed Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled BudgetingBudgeting & Cost Management BuildBuild Own Operate Transfer BuildabilityBuildingBuilding ProfessionalismBuild-to DocumentationBuilt-in Test EquipmentBulk MaterialBurdenBurden of ProofBureaucracyBurn RateBurst NodeBusiness ActorBusiness AppraisalBusiness AreaBusiness AssuranceBusiness Assurance Coordinator Business CaseBusiness Change Manager Business CreationBusiness EngineeringBusiness ImperativeBusiness ImprovementBusiness ManagerBusiness ModelingBusiness NeedsBusiness ObjectivesBusiness OperationsBusiness ProcessBusiness Process Engineering Business Process Reengineering Business ProcessesBusiness RiskBusiness RuleBusiness Transition Plan Business UnitBuyerBuyer's MarketBuy-InBypassingCADCalculate ScheduleCalculationCalendarCalendar FileCalendar RangeCalendar SoftwareCalendar Start DateCalendar UnitCalendarsCalibrationCAMCapabilityCapability SurveyCapitalCapital Appropriation Capital AssetCapital CostCapital EmployedCapital Expansion Projects Capital Goods Project Capital PropertyCards-on-the-wall Planning CareerCareer Path Planning Career PlanningCarryover Type 1Carryover Type 2Cascade ChartCashCash FlowCash Flow AnalysisCash Flow ManagementCash Flow NetCash InCash OutCatalystCatch-up Alternatives CausationCauseCCBCCDRCentral Processing Unit CentralizedCertainCertaintyCertificate of Conformance CertificationChainChallengeChampionChangeChange ControlChange Control Board Change Documentation Change in ScopeChange LogChange ManagementChange Management Plan Change NoticeChange OrderChanged Conditions CharacteristicChartChart of AccountsChart RoomCharterCheckingChecklistCheckpointCheckpointsChief Executive Officer ChildChild ActivityClaimClarificationClassClassesClassification Classification of Defects Clearance NumberClientClient EnvironmentClient Quality Services Closed ProjectsCloseoutCloseout phaseCloseout ReportClosingClosureCMCoachingCodeCode and Unit TestCode of AccountsCodingCollaborationCollapsingCollectiveCombativeCommercialCommercial Item Description Commission and Handover CommissioningCommissions and Bonuses CommitCommitmentCommitment Document Commitment Package Commitment to Objectives Committed CostCommitted CostsCommon CarrierCommunicating With Groups Communicating With Individuals CommunicationCommunication Channels Communication Plan Strategic Communication Plan Tactical Communication Room Communications Management Communications Plan Communications Planning CommunityCompanyComparisonCompatibilityCompensationCompensation and Evaluation CompetenceCompetencyCompetitionCompetitiveCompileCompile TimeCompleteCompleted ActivityCompleted UnitsCompletionCompletion DateComplexComponentComponent Integration and Test Component-Based Development ComponentsCompound RiskCompromiseCompromising in negotiating ComputerComputer Aided Design Computer Aided DraftingComputer Aided ManufacturingComputer Cost ApplicationsComputer HardwareComputer ModelingComputer Program Configuration ItemComputer SoftwareComputer Software ComponentComputer Software Configuration ItemComputer Software DocumentationComputer Software UnitComputer-AidedComputerized Information Storage Reference and Retrieval ConceptConcept Definition DocumentConcept PhaseConcept StudyConception PhaseConceptualConceptual BudgetingConceptual DesignConceptual DevelopmentConceptual Project PlanningConcessionConcession Making in negotiatingConciliatoryConcludingConclusionsConcurrencyConcurrentConcurrent DelaysConcurrent EngineeringConcurrent TasksConditional RiskConditionsConductingConfidence LevelConfigurationConfiguration AuditConfiguration BreakdownConfiguration ControlConfiguration Control BoardConfiguration IdentificationConfiguration Item Acceptance ReviewConfiguration Item VerificationConfiguration Item Verification ProceduresConfiguration ManagementConfiguration Management BoardConfiguration Relationships Configuration Status Accounting ConflictConflict ManagementConflict Resolution Conformance to Requirements ConfrontationConsensusConsensus Decision Process ConsentConsequencesConsiderationConsiderationsConsolidateConsortiumConstituentsConstraintConstraint project constraint ConstraintsConstructabilityConstructionConstruction Contractor Construction CostConstruction Management Construction Manager Construction StageConstruction WorkConstruction-Oriented Constructive Challenge Constructive ChangeConsultantConsultingConsumable Resource ConsumablesContemplated Change Notice Contending in negotiating ContentContent TypeContextContingenciesContingencyContingency Allowance Contingency Budget Procedure Contingency PlanContract ManagementContract NegotiationsContract PackageContract Performance Control Contract PlanContract Pre-award Meetings Contract Quality Requirements Contract RequirementsContract RiskContract Risk AnalysisContract SigningContract StrategyContract Target CostContract Target PriceContract TypeContract TypesContract Work Breakdown Structure ContractingContractorContractor Claims Release Contractor Cost Data Report Contractor EvaluationContractor Furnished Equipment Contractor Project Office Contractor Short ListingContractor's Performance Evaluation ContractualContractual ConditionsContractual Requirements Contributed ValueContribution AnalysisControlControl AccountControl Account ManagerControl Account PlanControl and CoordinationControl ChartControl CycleControl GateControl LoopControl PointControl RequirementsControl SystemControl TheoryControllable RisksControllingControlling Relationship Coordinated MatrixCoordinationCoordinatorCorporateCorporate Administration and Finance Corporate BudgetCorporate Business Life Cycle Corporate ConstraintsCorporate Data BankCorporate ManagementCorporate MemoryCorporate PhilosophyCorporate PlanningCorporate Project Management Corporate Project Strategy Corporate Quality Standards Corporate ResourcesCorporate Responsibility Matrix Corporate StandardsCorporate SupervisionCorporationCorrectionCorrective ActionCorrelationCostCost AccountCost Account BreakdownCost Account ManagerCost Account PlanCost Accumulation MethodsCost AnalysisCost ApplicationsCost AvoidanceCost BaselineCost BenefitCost Benefit AnalysisCost Breakdown StructureCost BudgetingCost CeilingCost Ceiling BracketCost CenterCost CheckCost ClassesCost CodeCost CodesCost ControlCost Control PointCost Control SystemCost CurveCost DistributionCost EffectiveCost ElementCost EngineeringCost EnvelopeCost EstimateCost Estimate Classification System Cost EstimatingCost Estimating RelationshipCost ForecastCost ForecastingCost GrowthCost IncurredCost IndexCost IndicesCost InputCost ManagementCost ModelCost of MoneyCost of QualityCost OverrunCost Performance BaselineCost Performance IndexCost Performance IndicatorCost Performance Measurement Baseline Cost Performance RatioCost Performance ReportCost PlanCost PlusCost Plus Fixed Fee ContractCost Plus Incentive Fee ContractCost Plus Percentage of Cost Contract Cost Reimbursable ContractCost ReimbursementCost Reimbursement Type Contracts Cost ReviewsCost SavingsCost Sharing ContractCost StatusCost to CompleteCost to Complete ForecastCost TypesCost VarianceCost/Schedule Status ReportCost-Benefit AnalysisCosted Work Breakdown StructureCost-EffectivenessCostingCosting SystemsCost-Time Resource Sheet Counseling CountermeasuresCPICPIFCPMCPNCraftCrash CostsCrash DurationCrashingCreativityCreditCredited ResourceCrisisCriteriaCriterionCriticalCritical ActivityCritical ChainCritical DefectCritical DefectiveCritical Design Review Critical EventCritical FactorsCritical PathCritical Path Analysis Critical Path Method Critical Path Network Critical RatioCritical SequenceCritical Sequence Analysis Critical Subcontractor Critical Success Factors Critical TaskCritical Work Item Criticality IndexCross OrganizationalCross ReferencesCross-Stage PlanCSCICTCCTPCultureCulture organizational Cumulative Cost-to-DateCumulative S CurveCurrency ConversionCurrent BudgetCurrent Date LineCurrent Finish DateCurrent FY Budget Allocation Current Start DateCurrent StatusCurrent YearCustom Duty and Tax CustomerCustomer Acceptance Criteria Customer Furnished Equipment Customer Perspective Customer/Client Personnel Cutoff DateCutoverCWBSCyberneticsCycleCycle TimeDamagesDangleDataData ApplicationData BankData CollectionData DateData Entry ClerkData Item DescriptionData ProcessingData RefinementsData Structure Organization Data TypeDatabaseDatabase Administrator Database Management System Date of AcceptanceDay Work AccountDBMSDCFDeactivation Plan Deactivation Procedures DebriefingDecentralizedDecisionDecision DocumentationDecision EventDecision MakingDecision Making Process Decision Support System Decision TheoryDecision TreeDecision TreesDecomposingDecompositionDefaultDefault ValuesDefectDefectiveDefects-Per-Hundred-Units DeficiencyDeficiency ListDefinitionDefinition PhaseDefinitiveDefinitive EstimateDeflectionDegradationDelayDelay compensableDelaying ResourceDelegatingDelegationDeliberate Decision Event DeliverableDeliverable Breakdown Structure Deliverable Deadline DeliverablesDeliverables Management DeliveryDelphi TechniqueDemonstrateDemonstratedDemonstrated Past Experience DemonstrationDemonstration Review DepartmentDepartmental Budget DependabilityDependenciesDependencyDependency ArrowDependency DiagramDependency LinksDependency ManagementDeploymentDeployment Lessons Learned Document Deployment PlanDeployment ProceduresDeployment Readiness Review Deployment ViewDepreciationDescriptiveDesignDesign & Development PhaseDesign AlternativesDesign AppraisalDesign AuthorityDesign BaselineDesign Bid BuildDesign BriefDesign BuildDesign ConceptDesign ContingencyDesign ContractDesign ControlDesign DevelopmentDesign ManagementDesign Management PlanDesign ModelDesign of ExperimentDesign PackageDesign ReviewDesign SubsystemDesign TimeDesign to BudgetDesign to CostDesign-to SpecificationsDesirable LogicDetail DocumentationDetail ScheduleDetailed DesignDetailed Design StageDetailed EngineeringDetailed PlanningDetailed PlansDetailed Resource PlanDetailed ScheduleDetailed Technical Plan DeterminationDetermine Least Cost for Maximum Results DeterministicDeterministic NetworkDeveloped CountryDeveloperDeveloping CountryDevelopmentDevelopment caseDevelopment PhaseDevelopment PlanDevelopment processDeviationDeviation PermitDiagramDifferencesDifferentialsDiffering Site ConditionsDirect CostDirect Cost ContingencyDirect CostsDirect LaborDirect Project CostsDirectingDirectionDirectiveDirectorDisciplineDiscipline MaintenanceDiscontinuous ActivityDiscontinuous ProcessingDiscount RateDiscountingDiscrete EffortDiscrete MilestoneDiscrete TaskDiscriminationDiscussionDisplayDisposal of MaterialsDisputeDisruptionDisruptiveDisseminationDistinguishing ConstraintDistributedDistributed Computing Environment Distributed ProcessingDistribution ListDistribution of information Distribution of MinutesDiversityDocumentDocument ControlDocument ManagementDocumentaryDocumentationDocumentation Change Notice Documentation Requirements Description Dog and Pony ShowDomainDual Concern ModelDual ResponsibilityDummyDummy ActivityDurationDuration CalculationDuration CompressionDuty and Tax AdministrationDynamic Baseline ModelDynamic ClassificationEarliest Feasible DateEarliest FinishEarliest Finish TimeEarliest StartEarliest Start TimeEarly DatesEarly FinishEarly Finish DateEarly StartEarly Start DateEarly Start TimeEarly Warning SystemEarned HoursEarned ValueEarned Value AnalysisEarned Value Cost ControlEarned Value ManagementEarned Value Management Systeme-BusinessEconomic AnalysisEconomic Commercial ValueEconomic EvaluationEconomic LifeEconomic SuccessEconomic ValueEconomic Value AddedEconomicsEconomistEconomy of GovernanceEducation and TrainingEducation in project management Effective CommunicationEffective InterestEffectivenessEffectiveness in project planning EfficiencyEfficiency FactorEfficiency in project execution EffortEffort RemainingEffort-Driven ActivityEighty-Twenty RuleElaborationElapsed DurationElapsed TimeElectronic FilesElementElement Definition DictionaryEmailEmployee RelationsEmploymentEmpowermentEnclosed DocumentEnd ActivityEnd EventEnd ItemEnd Stage AssessmentEnd Tranche AssessmentEndorsementEnd-Phase AssessmentEngineering Change Notice Engineering Change Proposal Engineering Change Request Engineering Cost Estimate Engineering ProcessEnterpriseEnterprise Project Management Enterprise Project Structure Enterprise Resource Planning Enterprise Resource Planning Systems EntitlementEntrepreneurEnvironmentEnvironment Characteristic Environment generalEnvironment naturalEnvironment projectEnvironmentalEnvironmental Approvals Environmental Factoring Environmental Requirements Environmentally ConcernedEqual OpportunityEquipment ProcurementEquitable AdjustmentEquity Theory of Motivation Equivalent ActivityERPErrorError ProbabilityErrorsErrors and OmissionsEscalated Base PriceEscalationEssential Characteristics Essentials of Project Management EstimateEstimate at CompletionEstimate Based on Working Drawings Estimate Class AEstimate Class BEstimate Class CEstimate Class DEstimate ConversionEstimate of costEstimate To CompleteEstimated Actual at Completion Estimated Completion Date Estimated Cost at Completion Estimated Cost to Complete Estimated Final CostEstimated Market Penetration EstimatingEstimating CostsEstimating FactorEstimator's AllowanceETCEthicalExecutive ManagementExpandingExpectancyExpectancy TheoryExpectation of Accountability Expectation of ReliabilityExpectationsExpected Monetary ValueExpected ValueExpected Value riskExpected Working PeriodExpeditingExpendedExpenditureExpenditure AuthorityExpenditure Management Report Expenditure ProfileExpenditure to BudgetExpenditure to DateExpenseExperienceExperimentExpertExpert PowerExpertiseExposureExtended Life CycleExtended Subsequent Applications Review ExternalExternal ConstraintExternal PoliticsExternal Procurement Sources ExternalitiesExtinctionExtra Work OrderExtra WorksFabricationFACFacilitatingFacilitatorFacilities/Product Life CycleFacilityFactorFailureFair and Reasonable CostFair Market PriceFallback PlanFallback PositionFast TrackFast TrackingFaultFeasibilityFeasibility BudgetFeasibility PhaseFeasibility ReportFeasibility StudyFeasible Project Alternatives Feasible ScheduleFeatureFeeFeedbackFFPFieldField ClarificationField CostField InspectionField/Project Office Overhead FIFOFileFile TransferFile Transfer ProtocolFilterFinal CompletionFinal Contract ReviewFinal DesignFinal ObjectivesFinal PaymentFinal ReportFinanceFinancialFinancial Administration Financial AnalysisFinancial CloseoutFinancial ControlFinancial Management Financial RatiosFinancial SourcingFinancial ViabilityFinancingFinishFinish DateFinish FloatFinish to FinishFinish to Finish LagFinish to StartFinish to Start LagFinishing ActivityFirewallFirm Fixed Price ContractFirmwareFirst In First OutFirst In First OutFiscal YearFixed CostFixed CostsFixed DateFixed FeeFixed FinishFixed PriceFixed Price ContractFixed Price ContractsFixed Price Plus Incentive Fee Contract Fixed StartFixed-Duration SchedulingFlexibilityFlexibleFloatFloat Trend ChartsFloating TaskFlow ChartFlow DiagramFMFollow-on WorkFollyForce AccountForced AnalysisForcingForecastForecast At CompletionForecast At CompletionForecast Final CostForecast Remaining WorkForecast ReportForecast To CompleteForecast to CompletionForecastingForeignForm Fit and Function DataForm of OrganizationFormalFormal AuthorityFormal BidFormal Qualification Review Formal Reprogramming Formative Quality Evaluation FormingFormulationForward PassFPFPPIFFractalFragnetFrameworkFree FloatFree RidingFree SlackFreightFrequencyFrequency of MeasureFront EndFront LoadingFTCFTPFull and Open CompetitionFull Operational Capability Full TimeFunctionFunction Point Analysis Function PointsFunction project management Functional AnalysisFunctional Configuration Audit Functional Department Manager Functional Line Manager Functional Management Functional ManagerFunctional MatrixFunctional Organization Functional Personnel Functional Plan administrative Functional Plan architectural Functional ProgramFunctional Project Leader Functional Requirements Functional Responsibility Functional Specification FunctionalityFunction-Quality IntegrationFundingFunding ProfileFURPSFuture ValueFuzzy Front EndG&AGAAPGain Sharing ArrangementsGame PlanGanttGantt BarGantt ChartGantt ChartsGantt HenryGatesGeneral Accounting SystemGeneral and AdministrativeGeneral and Administrative CostsGeneral ConditionsGeneral Management SkillsGeneral ManagerGeneral Project AlignmentGeneral ProvisionsGeneral RequirementsGeneral SequencingGeneralizationGeneralized Activity NetworkGenerally Accepted Accounting Principles GenerationGeographical SeparationGERTGFEGo/No-goGo/No-go DecisionGoalGoal Setting TheoryGoodsGoodwillGovernanceGovernmentGovernment Contract Quality Assurance Government Furnished Equipment Government Regulations and Requirements GradeGrape VineGraphGraphical Evaluation and Review TechniqueGraphical User Interface Group CommunicationGroup workGroupthinkGrowthGuaranteeGuaranteed Maximum Guaranteed Maximum PriceGUIGuidanceGuidelineHammockHammock ActivityHandlingHand-OverHand-Over PhaseHandover PlanHand-Over PlanHangerHanging ActivityHard ProjectHardwareHardware Configuration Item Hardware Project HarmonizationHazardHeadquartersHeads UpHeavy ConstructionHeuristicHierarchical Coding Structure Hierarchical Planning HierarchyHierarchy of NetworksHigh Level Forecasting Highlight ReportHighway Construction HistogramHistoric RecordsHistorical Data Banks Historical DatabaseHold PointHolidayHolisticHome OfficeHome Office OverheadHost OrganizationHQHR Compensation and Evaluation HR Organization Development HR Performance EvaluationHR Records ManagementHRMHTMLHTTPHuman ResourcesHuman Resources Management Human Resources Responsibility Hurdle Rate of ReturnHygieneHyper Text Markup Language Hyper Text Transport Protocol HypercriticalHypercritical Activities HyperlinksHypothesisI/TIAWIBRIDCIdentificationIdentifierIdentify OpportunityIdle TimeIFBi-j notationImageImmediate ActivityImpactImpact AnalysisImpact InterpretationImpact riskImplementationImplementation Completion of Implementation Phase Implementation Plan Implementation Planning Implementation Review Implementation View Implementation VisitImplied WarrantyImportance of a project Imposed DateImposed FinishImposed StartImpossibilityImpossibility of Performance ImpracticalityImprovementIn Accordance WithIn ProgressInaction in negotiatingIncentiveIncentive SchemeIncentive SchemesInceptionInclusionInclusive OR relationshipIncomeINCOTERMSIncrementIncrementalIncremental DevelopmentIncurred CostIncurred CostsIndependentIndependent Cost AnalysisIndependent Cost EstimateIndependent FloatIndependent Verification and Validation IndexIndicatorsIndirectIndirect CostIndirect Cost PoolsIndirect CostsIndirect Project CostIndividualIndividual Activity CostIndividual Development PlanIndividual Work PlanIndustrial RelationsIndustryInefficiencyInexcusable DelaysInflationInflation/EscalationInfluenceInformalInformal ReviewInformation。

consolidated standards of reporting trials

Consolidated Standards of Reporting TrialsIntroductionThe Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) is a set of guidelines that aim to improve the reporting of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). RCTs are considered the gold standard for evaluating the effectiveness of interventions in healthcare and other fields. However, poor reporting of trial methods and results can lead to biased or incomplete interpretations of the findings. The CONSORT statement provides a framework for transparent and complete reporting of RCTs, thereby enhancing the reliability and usefulness of trial reports.Background1.Why are RCTs important?–RCTs are essential for evaluating the efficacy and safety of interventions.–They provide the highest level of evidence for decision-making in healthcare.–RCTs help establish cause-and-effect relationships between interventions and outcomes.2.Challenges in reporting RCTs–Inadequate reporting of trial methods can hinderreproducibility and external validity.–Selective reporting of outcomes can introduce bias and mislead readers.–Incomplete reporting of adverse events can underestimate potential harms.–Inconsistent reporting across trials makes it difficult to compare and synthesize evidence.Development of CONSORT1.History of CONSORT–CONSORT was first published in 1996 as a 22-item checklist and flow diagram.–It aimed to improve the reporting quality of RCTs in medical journals.–CONSORT has undergone several revisions and updates to address emerging challenges.2.CONSORT Statement–The CONSORT Statement consists of a checklist and a flow diagram.–The checklist includes items that should be addressed in the trial report.–The flow diagram illustrates the progress of participants throughout the trial.3.Extensions of CONSORT–CONSORT has been extended to specific types of trials, such as non-inferiority trials and cluster randomized trials.–These extensions provide additional guidance for reporting unique features of different trial designs.Key Components of CONSORT1.Title and Abstract–The trial title should clearly indicate the intervention and study population.–The abstract should provide a concise summary of the trial objectives, methods, results, and conclusions.2.Introduction–The introduction should justify the need for the trial and provide relevant background information.–It should clearly state the research question and hypothesis.3.Methods–The methods section should describe the trial design,randomization process, blinding, and sample size calculation.–It should specify the interventions, outcome measures, and statistical analysis plan.4.Results–The results section should present the primary and secondary outcomes, including both beneficial and adverse effects.–It should report the participant flow, baselinecharacteristics, and any deviations from the protocol.5.Discussion–The discussion should interpret the results in the context of existing evidence.–It should address the limitations of the trial andimplications for clinical practice or further research.Benefits of CONSORT1.Improved Reporting Quality–CONSORT promotes transparency and completeness in reporting RCTs.–It helps readers assess the internal and external validity of trial findings.2.Enhanced Reproducibility–CONSORT facilitates replication and verification of trial results.–It allows researchers to build upon existing evidence and conduct meta-analyses.3.Better Decision-Making–CONSORT enables healthcare professionals and policymakers to make informed decisions based on reliable evidence.–It reduces the risk of biased interpretations andinappropriate applications of trial findings.ConclusionThe Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) hassignificantly contributed to the improvement of reporting quality in randomized controlled trials. By providing guidelines for transparent and complete reporting, CONSORT enhances the reliability and usefulness of trial reports. Adherence to CONSORT not only benefits researchers but also promotes evidence-based decision-making in healthcare and other fields. It is essential for researchers, journal editors, and peer reviewers to familiarize themselves with the CONSORT guidelines to ensure the credibility and integrity of trial publications.。

单片机红外遥控外文翻译

Infrared Remote And Chips Are IntroducedPeople's eyes can see the visible wavelength from long to short according to the arrangement, in order to red, orange, yellow, green, green, blue, violet. One of the red wavelengths for 0.62 ~ 0.76 mount, Purple is 0.38 wavelength range ~ mount. Purple is shorter than the wavelength of light called ultraviolet ray, red wavelengths of light is longer than that of infrared light. Infrared remote control is to use wavelength for 0.76 ~ 1.5 mount between the near infrared to transfer control signal.Commonly used infrared remote control system of general points transmit and receive two parts. The main component part for the launch of infrared light emitting diode. It is actually a special light emitting diode, due to its internal material differs from ordinary light emitting diode, resulting in its ends on certain voltage, it is a rather infrared light. Use of infrared light emitting diode the infrared wavelengths, for 940nm appearance and ordinary, just the same light emitting diode five different colors. Infrared light emitting diode generally have black and blue, transparent three colors. Judgment of infrared light emitting diode and judgment method, using a millimeter to ordinary diode electric block measure of infrared light emitting diode, reverse resistance. The infrared light emitting diode luminescence efficiency to use special instrument to measure precise, and use only spare conditions to pull away from roughly judgment. Receiving partof infrared receiving tube is a photosensitive diode.In actual application of it receiving diode to reverse bias, it can work normally, i.e., the infrared receiving circuit application in diode is used to reverse, higher sensitivity. Infrared receiving diode usually have two round and rectangular. Due to the power of infrared light emitting diode (or less commonly 100mW), so ir receiving diode received signals is weak, so will increase high-gain ones.the amplifier circuit.In common CX20106A, etc. PC1373H moon infrared receiving special amplifier circuit. In recent years both amateur or formal products, mostly using infrared receiving head finished. The head of infrared receiving product packages generally has two kinds: one kind USES sheet shielding, A kind of plastic packaging. There are three pin, namely the power is (VDD), power negative (GND) and data output (VO or OUT). Infrared receiving head foot arrangement for types varied, manufacturer's instructions. Finished the advantages of infrared receiving head is not in need of sophisticated debugging and shell screen, use rise as a transistor, very convenient. But when used in the infrared receiving attention finished first carrier frequency.Infrared remote common carrier frequency for 38kHz, this is transmitted by using 455kHz Tao Zhen to decide. At the launch of crystals were integer frequency, frequency coefficients, so commonly 12, so 455kHz ÷ 12 hundredth kHz 38kHz hundredth 379,000. Some remote control system adopts 36kHz, 56kHz, etc. general 40kHz launched by the crystals of oscillation frequency to decide.Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote control without mutual interference, Circuit testing is simple, as long as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control. Because each manufacturer produces a great deal of infrared remote application-specific integrated circuit, when need press diagram so jip. Therefore, the infrared remote now in household appliances, indoor close (less than 10 meters) in the remote control is widely used.Multiple infrared remote control system of infrared emission control buttons, there are many parts general representative of different control function. When pressed a button, correspondingly in the receiver with different output.Receiving the output state can be roughly divided into pulse, level, self-locking and interlock, data five forms. "The pulse output is according to launch" when the button, the receiver output terminals output corresponding "effective", a pulse width 100ms in general. "Level" refers to the output launch press button, the receiver output corresponding output level ", "effective transmit to loosen the receiver" level "disappears. This "effective pulse" and "effective", may be of high level is low, and may also depend on the output corresponding static state, such as feet for low, static "high" for effective, As for the static, "low" high effective. In most cases, "high" for effective. "Since the lock" refersto launch the output of each time you press the button, a receiver output corresponding change, namely originally a state for high level into a low level, originally for low level into high level. The output power switch and mute as control etc. Sometimes also called the output form for "invert". "The interlock" refers to multiple outputs each output, at the same time only one output. The TV sets of this case is selected, the other is like the light and sound input speed, etc."Data" refers to launch the output some key, use a few output form a binary number, to represent different keystroke.Normally, the receiver except a few data output, but also a "valid" output data, so the timely to collect data. This output form with single-chip microcomputer or are commonly used interface. In addition to the above output form outside, still have a "latch" and "temporary" two forms. The so-called "latch" refers to launch the output signal of each hair, the receiver output corresponding ", "new store until you receive signals. "Temporary" output and the introduction of "level" output is similar.Remote distance (Remote Control effect of RF Remote Control distance) are the major factors as follows:unched in power transmission power: while distance, but great power consumption, easy to generate interference.2.and receiving the receiver sensitivity, receiving, remote distance increased sensitivity to improve, but easy to cause disturbance maloperation or abuse.3.antenna, using linear antenna, and parallel, remote distance, but occupies a large space, in use the antenna spin, pull can increase the remote distance.4.and the higher height: antenna, remote farther, but by objective conditions.5.and stop: current use of wireless remote use of UHF band stipulated by the state, the propagation characteristics of approximate linear transmission, light, small, transmitters and receivers diffraction between such as walls are blocking will greatly discounted remote distance, if is reinforced concrete walls, due to the absorption effect conductor, radio waves.Considering the design of hardware volume small to be embedded in the remote control, so we chose 20 foot single-chip chip AT89C2051. Below is the introduction of the function.（1）AT89C2051 internal structure and performanceAT89C2051 is a byte flash 2K with programmable read-only memory can be erased EEPROM (low voltage, high performance of eight CMOS microcomputer. It adopts ATMEL of high-density non-volatile storage technology manufacturing and industrial standard MCS - 51 instruction set and lead. Through the combination of single chip in general CPL1 and flash memory, is a strong ATMEL AT89C2051 microcomputer, its application in many embedded control provides a highly flexible and low cost solutions. The compatible with 8051 AT89C2051 is CHMOS micro controller, the Flash memory capacity for 2KB. And CHMOS 80C51 process, have two kinds of leisure and power saving operation mode. The performance is as follows.5.CUP, 2KB Flash memory,Working voltage range 2.7-6V, 128KB data storage.The static working way: 0-24MHz, 15 root input/output line.A programmable serial, 2 a 16-bit timing/counters.Thereis a slice of inside precision simulation comparator, 5 the interrupt sources, 2 priority.Programmable serial UART channel, Directly LED driver output,The internal structure of AT89C2051 is shown in figure 1.Figure 1 AT89C2051 interior structure（2）AT89C2051 chip pin and functionIn order to adapt to the requirement of intelligent instrument, embedded in the chip foot AT89C2051 simplified configuration, as shown in figure b. The major changes to: (1) the lead foot from 20 to 40 wires, (2) increased a simulated comparator.=Diagram b AT89C2051 foot figure.AT89C2051 pin function:1.the VCC: voltage.2. to GND.3.P1 mouth: P1 mouth is an 8-bit two-way I/O port. P1.2 ~ P1.7 mouth pin the internal resistance provides. P1.0 and P1.1 requirements on the external pull-up resistors. P1.0 and P1.1 also separately as piece inside precision simulation comparator with input (AIN0) and reversed-phase input (AIN1). Output buffer can absorb the P1 mouth 20mA current and can directly LED display driver. When P1 mouth pin into a "1", can make its input. When the pin P1.2 ~ P1.7 as input and external down, they will be for the internal resistance and flow current (IIL). In flash P1 mouth during the procedure and program code data receiving calibration.4.P3: the P3.0 ~ P3.5 P3, P3.7 is the internal resistance with seven two-way I / 0 lead. P3.6 for fixed inputs piece inside the comparator output signal and it as a general I/Ofoot and inaccessible. P3 mouth buffer can absorb 20mA current. When P3 mouth pin into "1", they are the internal resistance can push and input. As input, and the low external P3 mouth pin pull-up resistors and will use current (IIL) outflow. P3 mouth still used to implement the various functions, such as AT89C2051 shown in table P3 mouth still receive some for flash memory programming and calibration of program control signals.5.RST: reset input. RST once, all into high level I/O foot will reset to "1". When the oscillator is running, continuous gives RST pin two machine cycle of high level can finish reset. Each machine cycle to 12 oscillator or clock cycle.6.XTAL1: as the oscillator amplifier input and inverse internal clock generator input.7.XTAL2: as the oscillator reversed-phase the amplifier's output.P3 mouth function as is shown in table 1.（3）the software and hardware constraints. AT89C2051Due to the foot of the chip AT89C2051, no set limits of external storage interface, so, for external memory read/write instructions as MOVX etc.Due to 2KB ROM, so, the space to jump instruction should pay attention to the destination address range (transfer 000H - 7FFH), beyond the range of addresses, will not meet wrong results. The scope of data storage is 00H (7FH -- when stack manipulation), also should be noticed.The input signal is simulated by the original P3.6 foot into the microcontroller, so the original P3.6 foot.Unable to external use. Simulation comparator can compare two simulation, if the size of the voltage external A D/A converter and its output as A comparator analog input, and by simulating the comparator another input voltage to be measured, through the introduction of the software method can realize the A/D conversion.8.the Flash memory AT89C2051)Provide a 2KB of single-chip AT89C2051 in Flash memory chips, which allows the online program to modify or use special programming programming.(1)Flash memory encryptionAT89C2051 SCM has 2 encryption, can programming (P) or programming (U) to obtain different encryption functionality. Encryption functionality table as shown in table 1-1.Encrypt a content erased only through chips to erase operation.(2)Flash memory programming and procedures，the piece inside chip AT89C2051 Flash memory programming.Note:1.the counters RESET at an EPROM inside the rising edge, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot is executed, pulse count.2.pieces of 10ms to erase PROG pulse.3.during the programming P3.1 pulled low RDY/BSY instructions.(3).A T89C2051 SCM in Flash memory chips programming steps are as follows:1.in the sequence is the VCC GND pin, add working voltage, XTAL1 pin RESET, receiving GND pin, other than the above time, waiting for 10ms.2.In P3.2 pin RESET, heightening level.3.In P3.3, P3.4, P3.5, P3.7 pin; add model multilevel.4.P1.0 P1.7 -- for the 000H unit add data bytes.5.RESET to increase the 12V activation programming.6.P3.2 jump to a one byte programming or encryption.7.calibration has been programming, data from 12V to RESET logic level "H" and set P3.3 P3.7 -- for the correct level, and can output data in P1 mouth.8.For the next addresses) in the unit XTAL1 byte programming, a pulse, make address counter add 1, in mouth add programming data.9.programming and calibration circuit figure c, d.Figurec programming circuit Figured calibration circuit Explanation:(1) P3.1 during programming instructions to be low RDY/BSY,(2) single erasing the PROG 10ms need,(3) internal EEPROM address counter on the rising edge RESET, and 000H RESET to XTAL1 by foot pulses are executed.Along with the rapid development of science and technology, human society has undergone earth-shaking changes. Make our life more colorful. In these changes, the remote control technology has been widely permeates TV, aerospace, military, sports and other production, all aspects of life. From the broad sense, all equipped with electric locomotive facility or electrical switches, if feel some necessary, can consider to improve existing with remote control device, the operation fixed switch to realize the remote operation of the original equipment, stop, the variable, etc. Function.switch, for example, can be used to control the electric control switch the light switch, We design the infrared remote control system to realize the opponent switch quantity control. Infrared remote characteristic is not influence the surrounding environment and does not interfere with other electric equipment. Due to its cannot penetrate walls, so the room can use common household appliance of remote control without mutual interference, Circuit testing is simple, aslong as given circuit connection, generally does not need any commissioning can work, Decoding easily, can undertake multiple remote control.红外遥控人的眼睛能看到的可见光按波长从长到短排列，依次为红、橙、黄、绿、青、蓝、紫。

国际机构关于空气系统组件的指南-AMCA国际有限公司，空气流动和控制协会国际指南-Fire、Smok

Guide for Commissioning andPeriodic Performance Testingof Fire, Smoke and Other LifeSafety Related DampersPurposeFire Dampers, Smoke Dampers, Combination Fire Smoke Dampers, Ceiling Radiation Dampers, and other types of Dampers that perform as part of a building’s Fire Protection or Life-Safety System must function properly during a fire or life-safety emergency. Proper installation and periodic performance testing are required to ensure these dampers function as intended in a fire emergency.The purpose of this document is to provide recommendations for the proper commissioning of Fire and Life Safety Related Dampers and to describe the appropriate intervals and methods for performing periodic performance testing of these dampers.BackgroundLife Safety Dampers are designed to perform a number of functions in a building’s HVAC, Fire and/or Smoke Control System and are an integral part of the overall life-safety system within the building. Generally, Fire Dampers are designed to close and prevent the spread of fire through an opening in a fire resistive barrier. Ceiling Radiation Dampers are designed to close and reduce the transfer of heat through an opening in the ceiling membrane of floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly. Refer to the specified ceiling design for details regarding penetrations. Smoke Dampers operate to prevent the spread of smoke by closing to stop airflow or by opening to exhaust smoke. They can also be opened or closed to create pressure differences (as in an engineered smoke control system) to reduce the spread of smoke. Combination Fire Smoke Dampers perform the dual role of both Fire Dampers and Smoke Dampers. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) has developed and maintains standards for the testing, qualification,and appropriate labeling of Fire Dampers (UL 555), Smoke Dampers (UL 555S), Combination Fire Smoke Dampers (UL 555 and UL 555S) and Ceiling Radiation Dampers (UL 555C & UL 263). Manufacturers of these dampers, who have complied with these UL requirements, provide classifiedand labeled dampers for installation where required in HVAC and Engineered Smoke Control Systems. Building Codes and several NFPA and ASHRAE Standards identify where Fire, Smoke and Ceiling Radiation Dampers are required to be installed in a building’s HVAC and/or Smoke Control System. Architects and Design Engineers incorporate Code required dampers in their building designs but also may incorporate additional requirements depending on a building’s specific purpose and intended function.Commissioning or Acceptance TestingThe term Commissioning is used to define an inspection process to determine if all components of a building are operating as intended by the building’s design. Ensuring that a building’s mechanical system, its HVAC System, and any Smoke Control or other Life-Safety related systems operate properly (including all Fire and Life-Safety Related Dampers), and documenting their proper operation is the result of the Commissioning process. This process is also known as Acceptance Testing.Below are the AMCA recommended checklists for the commissioning of Fire and Life-Safety Related Dampers. For specific installation requirements of the brand and model damper being commissioned, the damper manufacturer’s installation instructions shall be referenced.Fire Dampers and Combination Fire Smoke Dampers1. Positioning of the Damper in the Opening – Unless specifically allowed by the dampermanufacturer’s installation instructions, the centerline of the fire damper’s frame shall be located in the plane of the fire rated assembly.2. Damper Sleeve – Unless the damper frame is wide enough to provide for direct attachment ofretaining angles, all fire dampers shall be mounted in a sleeve fabricated per the dampermanufacturer’s installation instructions. The sleeve shall not extend more than 6 inches beyondthe wall or floor opening unless there is an actuator or factory mounted access door on thedamper. When an actuator or factory mounted access door is installed, the sleeve shall notextend more than 16 inches beyond the wall or floor opening. The sleeve is still limited toextending 6 inches beyond the wall or floor opening on the side opposite the actuator or factorymounted access door.3. Clearance between Damper and Wall/Floor Opening – Most dampers are tested with definedclearances between the damper’s sleeve and the wall or floor opening. Unless otherwiseindicated in the installation instructions, the annular space between the sleeve of the damper and the wall/floor opening should not be filled with firestop materials such as fill, void or cavitymaterials. Reference the damper manufacturer’s installation instructions for the specific clearance requirements.4. Securing Damper and Sleeve to the Wall/Floor Openings – Most approved damper installationmethods require the use of retaining angles to secure the damper in the wall or floor opening.Reference the damper manufacturer’s installation instructions for the required material gauge of the retaining angles, the required overlap between the retaining angles and the wall or floor, and the spacing and type of fasteners to be used.5. Duct to Sleeve Connections – Dampers are tested and approved to use specific methods forconnecting the damper sleeve to adjoining ductwork. Reference the damper manufacturer’sinstallation instructions for the allowable duct to sleeve connections.6. Damper Access – Access to the dampers shall be provided. Access shall be large enough toallow inspection and maintenance of the damper and its operating parts. The access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label having letters not less than ½ inch in heightreading: FIRE/SMOKE DAMPER or FIRE DAMPER.7. Damper Flow and Pressure Ratings – For dynamic fire dampers and combination fire smokedampers, it shall be verified that the system airflow and pressure are within the damper’s ratings.8. Operation of the Damper – After the damper is installed it shall be cycled to ensure properoperation. The operation test performed as part of the commissioning process shall follow thesame procedure described in the Periodic Performance Testing section below.Smoke Dampers1. Positioning of the Damper Relative to the Opening – The centerline of the damper shall bemounted within 24 inches of the opening it is protecting. In addition, no ductwork shall branch-off between the damper and the wall or floor opening it is protecting.2. Sealing the Damper Frame to the Ductwork – Many damper installations require that thedamper frame be sealed to the ductwork it is being installed in. Reference the dampermanufacturer’s installation instructions to determine if this requirement applies and to determine the allowable sealants.3. Damper Access – Access to the dampers shall be provided. Access shall be large enough toallow inspection and maintenance of the damper and its operating parts. The access points shall be permanently identified on the exterior by a label having letters not less than ½ inch in heightreading: SMOKE DAMPER.4. Damper Flow and Pressure Ratings – It shall be verified that the system airflow and pressureare within the dampers ratings.5. Operation of the Damper – After the damper is installed it shall be cycled to ensure properoperation. The operation test performed as part of the commissioning process shall follow thesame procedure described in the periodic performance testing section below.Ceiling Radiation Dampers1. Hourly Rating – Ceiling dampers carry a maximum hourly rating for the assembly in which theyare installed. Check that the maximum hourly rating of the damper installed is approved for thesame hourly rating as the ceiling assembly.2. Positioning of the Damper in or Over the Penetration – The damper can be installed on top ofa steel diffuser, sitting directly on the rated ceiling grid, in a steel duct drop, or supported suchthat the frame rest at the penetration. Refer to the manufacturer’s installation instructions for the maximum allowed distance that the closed blades are allowed from the bottom of the ratedceiling. In the case of drywall installation, consult instructions for maximum allowed clearancebetween penetration and damper frame.3. Thermal Blanket – When a damper is not located directly in the penetration and the damperframe is more than 1 inch smaller than the penetration, then a thermal blanket is normallyrequired to reduce heat transfer across the grille back pan. Refer to the manufacturers installation instructions for the recommended material and size of the thermal blanket.4. Clearance between Damper, Grille, Duct, and Wall/Floor Opening – Most dampers are testedwith defined clearances as specified in their instructions. If not specified, a rule of thumb is tokeep tolerances minimal (less than 1/8 inch) between connecting components. If possible, have the largest component extend over the smaller one below it. Reference the dampermanufacturer’s installation instructions for the specific clearance requirements.5. Securing Damper to the Sleeve, Grille, Ductwork – Most of the time, dampers are to beinstalled so that they are supported by the structural members above them or the ceiling grid.Ceiling dampers are not normally supported by the drywall, gypsum, or ceiling tiles alone. They are normally supported via steel wires, hangers, or duct drops with direct fasteners such asscrews, rivets, and bolts. Reference the damper manufacturer’s installation instructions for therequired material and fasteners.6. Grille to Damper to Duct Connections – Unless otherwise stated in the manufacturer’sinstallation instructions, the damper will either lie on the ceiling grid or cover the neck of thediffuser. If connected to duct, the damper should be installed inside the duct connection.7. Operation of the Damper – After the damper is installed, the fuse link shall be removed and thedamper blades allowed to close upon its own mechanics. Cycling the damper ensures properoperation. The operation test performed as part of the commissioning process shall follow thesame procedure described in periodic performance testing section below.Periodic Performance TestingFire Life-Safety related dampers that are properly applied and installed and that have proven the ability to function as intended through a building commissioning process should require no specific on-going maintenance beyond the periodic testing described below to confirm operability.Although the required frequency of this periodic operation testing varies by local jurisdiction, most local requirements reference one of two national standards, either NFPA 80 or NFPA 105. NFPA 80 covers the requirements for fire dampers and NFPA 105 covers the requirements for smoke dampers. Both documents contain the following frequency requirements for periodic operation testing:Each damper shall be tested and inspected one year after installation. The test and inspection frequency shall then be every 4 years, except in hospitals, where the frequency shall be every 6 years.The method used to perform the periodic operation testing depends on the type of damper. More specifically, it depends on how the damper operates. From an operability standpoint, fire life-safety related dampers fall into one of the two following categories:1. Dampers Requiring a Fusible Link to Operate – Most Fire Dampers and Ceiling RadiationDampers, and some Combination Fire Smoke Dampers are held in an open position by a fusible link. The fusible link is designed to melt at a specified temperature allowing gravity or a spring to close the damper. After the fusible link has melted these dampers remain closed until reopened manually and a new fusible link is installed.2. Dampers That Do Not Require a Fusible Link to Operate – Smoke Dampers, some FireDampers and most Combination Fire Smoke Dampers do not use fusible links to operate. These dampers use an electric or pneumatic actuator to operate the damper. Fire Dampers andCombination Fire Smoke Dampers that do not use fusible links use a bi-metallic disc typethermostat to interrupt electrical power or air pressure to the actuator at a specified temperature.Once the electrical power or air pressure is interrupted the spring return feature of the actuatorcloses the damper.Periodic Performance Testing for Fusible Link Operated DampersThe recommended procedure for performing the periodic operation testing on fusible link operated dampers is described below. As always, the damper manufacturer’s installation and operation instructions should be followed:1. For safety considerations, ensure that the fan is off.2. With the damper in the full-open position, remove the fusible link. Care should be taken to ensurethat there are no obstructions, including hands, in the path of the damper blades before thefusible link is removed.3. Once the fusible link is removed, ensure that the damper closes completely without assistance. Ifthe damper is designed with a latch to hold the damper in the full-closed position confirm that the damper latches properly.4. Return the damper to the full-open position and replace the fusible link. If the link appearsdamaged, replace with a functionally equivalent link.Periodic Performance Testing for Dampers That Do Not Use a Fusible Link to OperateThe recommended procedure for performing periodic operation testing on dampers that do not require a fusible link to operate is described below. Two procedures are described. The first describes the procedure for dampers designed with position indication switches to verify that the damper has reached the full-open and full-closed position These switches can be wired to local or remote control panels or building automation systems (BAS) to indicate if the damper is in the full-open position, the full-closed position, or neither. The second procedure describes the procedure for testing dampers without position indication switches. As always, the damper manufacturer’s installation and operation instructions should be followed.Dampers with Position Indication Wired to Indication Lights, Control Panels or BAS1. Use the signal from the damper’s position indication device to confirm that the damper is in thefull-open position.2. Remove electrical power or air pressure from the actuator to allow the actuator’s spring returnfeature to close the damper.3. Use the signal from the damper’s position indication device to confirm that the damper reaches itsfull-closed position.4. Reapply electrical power or air pressure to reopen the damper.5. Use the signal from the damper’s position indication device to confirm that the damper reaches itsfull-open position.Dampers without Position Indication1. Visually confirm that the damper is in the full-open position.2. Ensure that all obstructions, including hands, are out of the path of the damper blades and thenremove electrical power or air pressure from the actuator to allow the actuator’s spring returnfeature to close the damper.3. Visually confirm that the damper closes completely4. Reapply electrical power or air pressure to reopen the damper.5. Visually confirm that the damper is in the full-open position.In addition to these requirements, NFPA 72 and NFPA 92 describe the periodic testing requirements for smoke control systems. Dampers that are part of smoke control systems shall be cycled as part of this testing.List of Publications Referenced in this DocumentUL 555 Standard for Fire DampersUL 555S Standard for Smoke DampersUL 555C Standard for Ceiling DampersUL 263 Standard for Fire Tests of Building and Construction MaterialsNFPA 80 Standard for Fire Doors and Other Opening ProtectivesNFPA 105 Standard for the installation of Smoke Door Assemblies and Other Opening Protectives NFPA 72 National Fire Alarm and Signaling CodeNFPA 92 Standard for Smoke Control SystemsASSOCIATION INTERNATIONAL,INC.30 West University DriveArlington Heights, IL 60004-1893 U.S.A.T el: (847) 394-0150Fax: (847) 253-0088E-Mail:*************Web: The Air Movement and control Association International, Inc. is a not-for-profit international association of the world’s manufacturers of related air system equipment primarily, b ut limited to: fans, louvers, dampers, air curtains, airflow measurement stations, acoustic attenuators, and other air system components for the industrial,commercial and residential markets.。

文件归档程序(中英)

目录Contents1.0 范围Scope2.0 目的Purpose3.0 归档要求Filing requirements4.0 修订说明Revision notes1.0范围Scope本程序运用于中油六建CSPC南海石化HDPE/PP项目中的文件归档程序。

This procedure is applicable to document filing work in CSPC Nanhai Petrochemicals Project PP/HDPE plant to be constructed by CP6CC.2.0 目的Purpose本程序的目的是为确保中油六建工程项目文件归档统一、规范，符合总包商及业主有关规范的要求归档要求。

The purpose of this procedure is to ensure unified and normalized document filing throughout the construction of the plant and to meet the filing requirements of the Contractor and the Owner.3.0归档要求Filing requirements3.1归档文件要保证竣工资料的原始性和真实性，归档的工程文件应为原件。

All documents filed shall be a guarantee of the originality and authenticity of theas-built documents, and all the documents filed shall be original.3.2最终文件必须与工程实际相符，并做到完整、准确、系统，能反映工程建设活动的全过程。

Final documents, which can reflect the whole process of construction activities,must accord with the actuality of the works, and shall be integral, accurate andsystematic.3.3最终文件的编制和书写材料必须宜于长期保存。

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