电子商务管理(战略、执行与实务)双语期末重点
电子商务重点(双语)
第一章1电子商务与传统商务的区别与联系:最大的区别就是网络的介入、电子商务与传统的商务活动方式相比,具有以下几个特点:交易虚拟化、交易成本低、交易效率高、交易透明化。
2电子商务:电子商务是利用现代信息技术所从事的新型商业交易活动。
3电子商务的按照交易对象分类:企业与消费者之间的电子商务,即Business to Consumer(BtoC)、企业与企业之间的电子商务,即Business to Business(BtoB)电子商务。
包括非特定企业间的电子商务和特定企业间的电子商务。
通过上述两种电子商务的基本形式,可以派生出若干种形式,如CtoC (Consumer to Consumer)、BtoG(Business to Government)等。
4电子商务主要盈利模式:网络广告、会员服务费、网络交易费、搜索竞价排名、其他。
5电子商务英语定义:Doing commerce in electronic way(through modern information technology)。
6、BtoB:Businesses sell products or services to other businesses.7、BtoC:Businesses sell products or services to individual consumers.8、CtoC: individuals who buy and sell items among themselves.9、BtoG: Businesses sell goods or services to governments第六章1、计算机网络安全技术有:病毒防范技术、身份识别技术、防火墙技术、虚拟专用网技术。
2、交易安全技术有:加密技术、认证技术、安全认证协议。
3、加密技术分类:对称密钥密码体制、非对称密钥密码体制。
4、电子商务的安全需求:机密性、完整性、认证性、不可抵赖性、有效性。
电子商务管理考试重点
一、名词解释1、虚拟企业:虚拟企业是指随着市场竞争的激烈化,在企业之间出现的以信息技术为联接和协调手段的、临时性的、动态联盟形式的虚拟组织。
2、协同商务:是指合理组合拥有不同核心资源的企业,以便借助以网络技术为中心的协同环境,使供应链上的供应商、合作伙伴、客户、分销商形成虚拟运作的整体。
3、MRP(物料需求计划):在已知主生产计划的条件下,根据产品信息以及库存状态等信息由计算机编制出各个时间段各种物料的加工及采购计划。
4、BPR(业务流程再造):对企业的业务流程作根本性的思考和彻底重建,其目的是使企业在成本、质量、服务和效率等方面取得显著改善,使得企业能最大限度地适应以顾客、竞争、变化为特征的现代企业经营环境。
5、CRM(客户关系管理):是企业总体战略的一种,它采用先进的数据库和其他信息技术来获取顾客数据,分析顾客需求特征和行为偏好,积累和共享顾客知识,有针对性地为顾客提供产品或服务,发展和管理客户关系,培养顾客长期的忠诚度,以实现顾客价值最大化和企业收益最大化之间的平衡。
6、SCM(供应链管理):就是指对整个供应链系统进行计划、协调、操作、控制和优化的各种活动和过程,目标是供应链上的各个主体形成极具竞争力的战略联盟,并使供应链运行的总成本最小或收益最大。
(是利用计算机网络技术全面规划供应链中的商流、物流、信息流、资金流等,并进行计划、组织、协调和控制。
7、MRPⅡ(制造资源计划):基于企业经营目标制定生产计划,以物料需求计划为核心,将MRP的信息共享程度扩大,使生产、销售、财务、采购、工程紧密结合在一起,共享有关数据,组成一个全面生产管理的集成优化模式。
二、辩析题1、电子商务中物流活动的内容与非电子商务物流活动中的内容及运动过程是相同的。
答:对。
原因:电子商务与非电子商务就实现商品销售的本质而言并无区别,物流是实现销售最终环节,因此电子商务中的物流活动内容与非电子商务中的物流活动以及运作过程是相同的,只不过电子商务对物流运作提出了更高的要求。
电子商务(英文精编版)考试重点
电子商务考试重点:①Categories of Electronic Commerce电商的分类1.business to consumer (B2C).2. business to business (B2B).3.business processes that support buying and selling activities,比例最大4.consumer to consumer(C2C)5.business to government(B2G).Electronic Founds Transfer (EFTs)分五类②电商的适用性由什么因素决定(suited to ec):1.selling of commodity items.2.product 's shipping profile.3.A product that has a Strong brand reputation4.business process includes both commodity and personal inspection elements.③电商的优点(advantages):1. It can increase sales and decrease costs.2.Increase purchase opportunities for the buyers .3.electronic commerce provides buyers with a wider range of choices,that buyers can consider many different products and services from a wider variety of sellers.4.many digital products can be delivered through the Internet.reduces the time buyers wait to begin enjoying their porchases.5.electronic payments of tax refunds,pulic retirement and welfare support cost less to issue and arrive securely and quickly when transmitted over the Internet.电商的缺点:1、Some business process may never lend to themselves to EC .2、Many products and services require that a critical mass of potential buyers be equipped and willing to buy through the Internet .3、Business often calculate return-on-investment numbers before committing to any new technology.4、Want to do business on the Internet is the difficulty of integating existing databases and transaction-processing software designed for traditional commerce into the software that enables EC.5、many businesses face cultural and legal obstacles to conducting EC.activity from markets to hierarchically structured firms组织方式转变的原因是交易成本7:包交换的运作:on a packet-switched network, files and e-mail messages are broken down into small pieces, called packets, that are labeled electronically with origins, sequences, and destination addresses, packets travel from computer to computer along the interconnected networks until they reach their destinations. And the packets may arrive out of order. The destination computer collects the packets and reassembles the original file or e-mail messages from the pieces in each packets. 8:Ipv4:32bit binary number Ipv6:128The number of available addresses in Ipv6 is 34 follows by 37 zeros-billion of times larger than the address space of Ipv4.9:四种标记语言时间顺序:SGML(standard generalized makeup language 1986)HTML(hypertext makeup language1991)XML(extensible makeup language1998)XHTML(extensible hypertext makeup language2000)10:填空:organization structures of web page(网页组织结构):linear structure ; hierarchical structure; hybrid structure.11:VPN的运作:`a virtual private network is an extranet that uses public network and there protocol to send sensitive date to partners, customers, suppliers, and employees using a system called IP tunneling or encapsulation. IP tunneling effectively creates a private passageway through the public internet that provides secure transmission from one computer to another. The virtual passageway is created by VPN software that encrypts the packet content and then place the encrypted packets inside another packet in a process called encapsulation , the outer packets is called an IP wrapper. The web server sends the encapsulated packets to their destination over the internet, the computer that receives the packet unwraps it and decrypts the message using VPN software that is same as ,or compatible with, the VPN software used to encrypt and encapsulate the packets at the sending end.(packet----encrypt ----encapsulate----unwrap----decrypt )12:bandwidth connection types(带宽链接类型):symmetric connection(对称), asymmetric connection13:Broadband(宽带): asymmetric digital subscriber line(ADSL)High-speed DSL(more than 768 kbps of symmetric broadband)14:revenue models(盈利模型):web catalog;digital content;advertising-support;advertising-subscription mixed;fee-for-transaction models.15:online advertising 在线广告的两个障碍:(1):no consensus has emerged on how to measure and charge for site visitor views.(2):That very few web sites have sufficient numbers of visitor to interest large advertisers16:online banks在线银行的两个障碍(1):customers’ concern about trust and security online .(2):a lack of bill presentment features.(3):a lack of account aggregation tools.20大题.Media choice(怎样挑选media)Low -----product or service complexity----highMedia the web personal contactLow -----cost ----highLow-------trust-----high21.market segmentation(市场划分)Geographic segmentation地理demographic segmentation 人口psychographic segmentation心理age-based segmentation(基于使用的市场划分)Browsers buyers shoppersThe six behavior-based categories(6个基于行为的划分)Simplifiers surfers bargainers connectors routiners sportsers23.5 stages of consumer loyalty(顾客信赖度的5个阶段) 生命周期1.Awareness知道(advertising a brand or a company name )2.Exploration探究(a large amount of information interchange can occur ) 3.Familiarity熟悉(customers who completed several transaction and aware of the company’s policies regarding returns ,credits ,and pricing flexibility are in the familiarity stage of their relationship with the company.)4.Commitment承担(consumer develop a fierce loyalty for the products or brandscompany)5. Separation分离(the customer might be severely disappointed by changes in the level of service or product quality)24.banner ads (横幅广告概念) a banner ad is a small rectangular object on a web page that displays a stationary or moving graphic and includes a hyperlink to the advertiser’s web site.Banner ad placement(横幅广告的投放)方式:The first is to use a banner exchange network. The second way that business can place their banner advertising is to find web sites that appeal to one of the company’s market segments and then pay those sites to carry the ads. A third way to place banner advertising is to use a banner advertising network.25. effectiveness of online advertising (在线广告的有效性)难以实现的原因One major problem has been the lack of a single industry standard measuring service.Although the task force guidelines have to helped to establish measures of ad views, difficulties remain in assessing the effectiveness of online advertising because Site visitors change their web surfing behaviors and habits as they gain experience using the web.25.elements of branding (品牌的3要素)Differentiation relevance perceived value26.e-mail marketing (a key element in any e-mail strategy is(to obtain customers’ approvals before sending then any e-mail that includes a marketing or promotional.)27.search engines 3 major parts (1)spider (2)index (3)search utility28.Search engines revenue(来源) (1)banner ads (2)text ads (3)positioning1、去中介化:The removal of an intermediary ,such as a human agent ,from a value chain is called disintermediation.2、再中介化: The introduction of a new intermediary,such as a feel-for-transaction Web site ,into a value chain is called reintermediation.概念:work effects:as more people or organizations participate in a network.thevalue of the network to each participant increase in value is called--2.VPN:An extranet that uses public networks and their protocols to send sensitivedata to partners,customers,suppliers and employees using a system called IP tunneling or encapsulation.3.Bandwidth带宽:is the amount of data that can travel through a communicationmedium per unit of time.4.Broadband:connections that operate at speeds of greater than about 200 Kbpsare called—5.Disintermediation/reintermediation:the removl of an intermediary,such as ahuman agent,from a value chain is called--.The introduction of a newintermediary,such as a fee-for-transaction web site,into a value chain is called—6.Channel conflict and cannibalization:it can occur whenever sales activities on acompany’s web site interfere with its existing sales outlets.7.Channel cooperation:By giving their customers access to the company’sproducts through a coordinated presence in all three distribution channels.重要缩写:1.TCP/IP:transmission control protocol/internet protocol传输控制协议/互联网协议2.HTML:hypertext markup language超文本标记语言3.HTTP:Hypertext transfer protocol超文本传输协议4.URL:Unifom resource locator全球资源定位器5.ADSL:Asymmetric digital subscriber line非对称数字用户环线6.HDSL:high-speed DSL高速数字用户线。
电子商务期末考试重点整理
电子商务期末考试重点整理第一章1.1电子商务概念:狭义的电子商务称为电子交易,主要是指利用Internet提供的通信手段在网上进行的交易。
而广义的电子商务是包括电子交易在内的,利用Internet进行的全面的商业活动,如市场调查分析、财务核算、生产计划安排、客户联系和物资调配等。
1.4电子商务的分类:1.按参与对象的对象分类,可分为以下四种类型:(1)企业与消费者之间的电子商务(B TO C)B TO C是消费者利用因特网直接参与经济活动的形式,类同于商业电子化的零售商务。
网上商店买卖的商品可以是实体化的,如书籍、鲜花、服装、食品、汽车和电视等;也可以是数字化的,如新闻、音乐、电影、数据库、软件及各类基于知识的商品;还有提供的各类服务,有安排旅游,在线医疗诊断和远程教育等。
(2)企业与企业之间的电子商务(B TO B)B TO B 企业可以使用网络对每笔交易寻找最佳伙伴,完成从定购到结算的全部交易行为,包括向供应商定货、签约、接收发票和使用电子资金转移、信用证、银行托收等方式进行付款,以及在商贸过程中发生的其他问题,如索赔、商品发送管理和运输跟踪等等。
(3)企业与政府方面的电子商务(C TO C)C TO C形式目前在网上表现的形式是消费者之间的二手货的拍买。
2.按商品的交易形式分类(1)间接电子商务:指电子商务涉及的商品是有形商品的电子订货,如鲜花、书籍和汽车等。
(2)直接电子商务:指涉及的商品是无形的货物和服务,如计算机软件、娱乐内容的联机订购、付款和交付、或者是全球规模的信息服务。
3.按电子商务使用的网络类型分类(1)EDI网络电子商务:主要应用于企业与企业之间、企业与批发商之间、批发商与零售商之间的批发业务。
(2)因特网电子商务:利用因特网开展的电子商务活动。
(3)内联网络电子商务:指在一个大型企业内部或一个行业内开展的电子商务活动,形成一个商务活动链,以大大提高工作效率和降低业务成本。
09电子商务专业战略管理课程期末考核说明
09电子商务专业《战略管理》课程期末考核说明
请从下面的企业中选取与你名字对应的一家企业进行战略分析,写成一篇报告,字数在3500字以上。
内容至少包括如下:
1企业简介
2外部环境分析
2.1宏观环境分析
2.1.1政治法律环境
2.1.2经济环境
2.1.3社会文化环境
2.1.4科技环境
2.1.5全球化大环境
2.2产业与竞争环境分析
2.2.1产业特征分析(可参考78页)
2.2.2五种力量分析(可参考86页)
3.内部环境分析
3.1企业资源与能力
3.2企业核心竞争力
4 SWOT分析(可参照230页)
5 现有战略分析(已经实施的发展战略和竞争战略)。
电子商务期末复习参考重点总结
电子商务期末复习参考重点总结
1.电子商务,电子商务企业,电子商务管理及其研究对象
2.电子商务管理思想的发展阶段
3.电子商务战略实施过程和战略规划方法
4.电子商务管理中权威机制及其实施原则
5.虚拟组织及其产生的原因
6.梅特卡法则、达维多定律、摩尔定律
7.产品差别化的作用
8.网络经济条件下的垄断特点
9.基于互联网的电子商务引起社会经济的重大变革
10.电子商务对信息对称性及完整性的影响
11.数字产品的成本的特点
12.需求方与供给方规模经济的不同
13.电子商务经济学对传统经济理论的重大挑战
14.社会信息化、企业信息化
15.信息安全管理及其主要目标
16.电子商务信用保障机制及其构建体系
17.电子商务安全的风险管理及其步骤
18.电子商务中的信用及其信用管理的重要模式
19.第三方物流、物流联盟与物流一体化
20.选择电子商务物流运作模式的考虑因素
21.电子商务物流服务
22.电子商务物流运营管理及其对象
23.分散网络化运营、分散网络化模式的主要类型及其功能
24.课下多阅读农村电子商务及其物流、社区电商、跨境电商等方面的资料。
电子商务专业英语重点
一、名词解释1.Co.:公司corparation2.CIF:CIF = cost + insurance + freight成本价+保险价+运费=到岸价格Cost Insurance and Freight 卖方的基本义务是,负责按通常条件租船定舱,支付到目的港的运费3.FOB (Free on Board) 船上交货,是当货物在指定的装运港越过船舷,卖方即完成交货4.CFR (Cost and Freight)成本加运费(指定目的港)5.FCA (Free Carrier)货交承运人(……指定地点)6.CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid to)运费和保险费付至(……指定目的地)7.CPT (Carriage Paid to)运费付至(……指定目的地)8.L/C L/C信用证付款方式 L/C信用证付款方式属于银行信用信用证是开证行应开证申请人的请求,向所有人开出的、有条件的付款承诺的书面文件。
9.M/T信汇Mail Transfer公顿metric ton10.S/C.sales confirmation销售认证书11.All risks一切险,war risks战争险12.D/P是付款交单,发货后准备好我们的议付单据,通过我方银行交单至客户方银行,客户银行提示客户单据已到,客户付款后银行交单。
13.I/E Import and Export 进出口14.D/A D/A则是承兑交单我方银行交单给客户银行,客人只需承兑我方单据,就可以拿走正本单据,到期后再付款。
15.D/P·T/R即“付款交单凭信托收据借单”由进口人承兑汇票后出具信托收据向代收银行借取货运单据先行提货。
16.T/T电汇---Telegraphic Transfer T/T电汇是汇出行应汇款人的申请,拍发加押电报或电传汇入行,指示其解付一定金额给收款人的一种汇款结算方式。
17.平安险 free from particular average (F.P.A.)18.水渍险 with particular average (W.P.A.)二选择题选择:1.Our package for canned food is not only seaworthy but also strong enough to protect the goods _possible damage. CA. onB. withC. fromD. to2.100 packets by 500 grams per wooden case or carton, each packet lined with white paper and outside wrapped up in transparent paper, 2% more or less _weight for each case allowed. AA. inB. atC. onD. with3.We will allow you half of the invoiced amount for packing if you return the _crates. CA. hollowB. vacuumC. emptyD. vacant4.You know that the _of the package contributes greatly to the sale of consumer goods. AA. appearanceB. protectionC. preferenceD. preservation5. Each piece is to be _, rolled on cardboard, wrapped in kraft paper and then packed in wooden cases. CA. double foldB. double foldingC. double foldedD. double foldness6. The Eggs are packed in cartons with beehive lined with shockproof corrugated paperboard, each carton contains 300 eggs, _not over 19.8 kilos. CA. weightB. weighC. weighingD. weighed7.Taking into consideration the transport conditions at your end, we have specially reinforced our packing so as to _the extent of any possible damages _the goods. DA. minimum, toB. minimize, withC. minimum, withD. minimize, toExercise1.Before shipment, the buyers generally send their _to the sellers, informing them of the packing and mark, mode of transportation, etc. BA. Shipping documentsB. Shipping requirementsC. Shipping adviceD. Shipping marks2. We believe the goods will reach you _. AA. in perfect conditionB. in perfect conditionsC. with good conditionD. under good conditions3.It is important that the goods _for delivery as stipulated in the contract. AA. be completedB. are completedC. will be completedD. have been completing4.We suggest you change your packing into small cases, so as to facilitate _C.A. us in our salesB. us selling themC. our salesD. our pushing sale them5. We are enclosing a full set of copy documents _this shipment. DA. regarding forB. refer toC. as forD. Covering6. Please make your best efforts to get the goods dispatched next week _. BA. without failB. with least possible delayC. With no failD. without the least possible delay Choose the best answer:1.Please amend L/C No.987 to _“This L/C will expire on 28 February, 2008 in China.” AA. readB. readingC. expressD. expressing2.Your L/C No5432 calls _shipment to be made in October while S/C stipulates that the shipment is to be made in November. BA. onB. forC. aboutD. to3. It has been found in your L/C that the amount is US$330 short as _the total value of the S/C. CA. toB. forC. againstD. with4.Please amend your L/C No.ED356 _transshipment instead of “ Transshipment Not Allowed” as laid down in the L/C. CA. allowingB. allowC. to allowD. allowed5.In you r L/C No245, the word “ABOUT” before the quantity and amount is _. BA. missB. missingC. missedD. omit6.For the sake of convenience, we have arranged _our bank to open an involving L/C in your favor. AA. withB. forC. toD. at7.Your L/C No.356 is insufficient _amount. BA. toB. inC. forD. about8.It is hoped that you will not cut the time too _when opening L/C in future. CA. goodB. wellC. fineD. kindChoose the best answer:1. Insurance on the goods shall be effects by us for 110% the CIF value. AA. ofB. overC. aboveD. on2. Buyer’s request for to be covered up to inland city can be accepted on condition that such extra premium is for buyer’s account. CA. lossB. shipmentC. insuranceD. risks3. The package is stenciled ABC London and FPA for 10%over the invoice amount. CA. insureB. coverC. insuredD. coverage4. We know that according to your usual practice, you insure the goods only 10% above invoice value, therefore the extra premium will be for our account. AA. forB. inC. overD. above5. Will you please arrange to all risks insurance on the following consignment of Electric Pumps from our warehouse at the above address to Boston. AA. take outB. take inC. take awayD. take into6. Since we have entered a long-term contract with the People’s Insurance Company of China, which all over imports and exports are to be insured with them, we have to request you to send us another quotation on CFR terms. DA. /, underB. into, underC. into, withD. into, /7. Since the insurance policy taken out by you does not include such a risk, you naturally have no right to claim the insurance company loss caused by it. CA. on, toB. to, againstC. with, againstD. on, for8. Thank you for your instructions to arrange the shipment of Fans. We take it that you wish us to insure the goods against the usual risks, for the of the goods plus freight. CA. costsB. valueC. costD. Values Choose the best answer1. In the light of the actual findings, they will compensate ( ).AA. You for the lossB. you the loseC. for you the lossD. the loss to you2. We trust you will lose no time in ( ) this claim steeled equitably.CA. takingB. lettingC. makingD. putting3. It is imperative that you ( ) care in selecting overseas agents and distributors.BA. ought to takeB. will takeC. must takeD. take4. Interest will be ( ) at 7% per annum and will be calculated semi-annually.CA. paidB. compensatedC. chargedD. counted翻译1.我是在什么地方(地址)的什么公司(机构)什么什么(职位)Translate the following into English:1.我们的包装完全适合于海运。
电子商务导论(双语)期末重点
题型:1.单选题(2分x20=40分 2多选题(3分x5=15分) 3短语翻译(1分x15=15分)问答题(4分x5=20 分)分析题(10分x1=10分)Chapter 11.电子商务的定义和类别广义—指交易当事人或参与人利用以现代信息技术为基础的互联网所进行的各类商业活动;狭义—指交易当事人通过以因特网为主的计算机网络所实施的各种交易活动。
按交易类型:B2C、B2B、G2B;按商务活动内容:贸易型和服务性;根据使用网络类型不同:EDI商务、因特网商务、内联网商务、移动商务。
2.Describe the benefits of EC to ORGANIZATIONS, CONSUMERS AND SOCIETY3.EFT(Electronic Funds Transfer) used by banks电子资金转账”。
EFT是计算机在银行业务中得到应用后,银行利用计算机、终端机、电子信息网络等电子通讯设备建立的高速划拨资金的电子支付系统。
4.Which commerce is more well-suited to Business Process?E-commerce电子商务E-commerce + Traditional电子商务+传统 Traditional传统5.Advantages of E-Commerce.Increases sales, decreases cost增加销售,减少成本Provides purchasing opportunities for buyers 为买家提供采购机会(企业可以确定新的供应商和合作伙伴)Increase speed and accuracy for exchanged information, thus reducing cost增加信息交换的速度和准确性,从而降低成本Business can be transacted 24hrs a day可以一天24小时交易业务The level of detail of purchase information is selected by user详细级别的购买信息由用户选定Digital products can be delivered instantly数码产品可以立即交付Tax refunds, public retirement and welfare support costs less when distributed over the Internet退税,公共退休和福利支持成本分布在互联网时少Allows products and services to be available in remote areas, e.g. remote learning使产品和服务可在偏远地区,如远程学习6.电子商务国际化当中遇到的问题(文化为主)Culture – the combination of111language and customs 文化,语言和风俗222Culture varies across national boundaries and in many cases regions within nations 文化跨越国界不同,在许多情况下,区域内的国家333Choice of icons on Web pages becomes problematic on international Web sites: 选择的图标在网页上就会有问题,在国际网站上:(In the US a shopping cart is useful, in the UK a shopping basket is more appropriate, Australians c all shopping carts, shopping trolleysIn many places other than Brazil the thumbs up gesture mean s okay, in Brazil it is an obscene gesture在美国一个购物车是有用的,在英国购物篮子是更合适的,澳大利亚人叫购物车,购物手推车,在其他很多地方比巴西大拇指手势意味着好,在巴西是一个淫秽的姿势)7.交易成本transaction costTransaction costs are the total costs that a buyer and seller incur as they gather information and negotiate a purchase/sale transaction交易成本是总成本,买方和卖方承担收集信息和谈判购买/销售事务Transaction costs are the main reason for vertical integration (Ronald Coase)交易成本是垂直整合的主要原因(罗纳德•科斯)Businesses can use e-commerce to reduce transaction costs (e.g. telecommuting rather than phys ical commuting to allow global employment opportunities)企业可以利用电子商务来减少交易成本(如远程办公而不是物理通勤允许全球就业机会) CHAPTER 2WWW(World Wide Web)----> 定义及作用The world wide web (WWW) is a subset of the computers on the Internet that connect in a certai n way, making their content accessible to each other万维网(WWW)是计算机在互联网上的一个子集,以某种方式连接,使其内容可访问The WWW includes an easy to use standard interface facilitating ease of useWWW包括一个易于使用的标准接口方便易用性电子邮件何时出现(in 1972)ISP (Information Service Provider) 信息服务提供商Product-Switched Network(LAN/WAN)产品转换网络Four key rules used by ARPANETndependent networks (e.g. A LAN or WAN) should not require internal changes in order to be con nected to the network独立的网络(如LAN或WAN)应该不需要内部的变化才能连接到网络Packets that do not arrive at their destination must be resent from their source network包,不到达目的地必须对源网络Router computers act only as receiving and forwarding devices; They do not retain information a bout the packets they handle路由器电脑才接收和转发设备;他们不保留他们的信息数据包处理No global control of the network exist没有全球控制网络的存在TCP--> Transmission Control Protocol传输控制协议IP--> Internet Protocol互联网协议Differences between Internet & Extranet有一个Intranet和Internet之间的一个主要区别:互联网是一个开放的,公共空间,而内部网的设计是一个私人空间。
电子商务与企业管理期末考试重要知识点
(名词解释)电子化人力资源管理:指企业利用Internet/Intranet/Extranet和计算机技术实现人力资源管理的部分职能电子化学习:员工自发的通过网络进行的、以提高自身素质为主要目的的获取知识的过程电子化培训:通过网络这一交互式的信息传播媒体实现培训过程电子数据交换(Electronic Data Interchange):将商业或行政事务处理按照一个公认的标准,形成结构化的事务处理或报文数据格式,从计算机到计算机的电子传输方法。
电子化采购(Electronic Procurement):就是通过互联网络,借助计算机管理企业的采购业务电子化物流(Electronic Logistics):也可称为物流电子化或物流信息化,它是指利用电子化的手段,尤其是利用互联网技术来完成物流全过程的协调、控制和管理,实现从网络前端到最终客户端的所有中间过程服务,其最显著的特点是各种软件与物流服务的融合应用。
知识型员工:指主要依靠智力创造物质的员工虚拟企业:由不同企业或组织共同参与,并通过计算机网络等手段连接起来的,旨在共享资源优势,以便更好。
更迅速的对市场需求做出回应的一种企业组织结构。
虚拟生产:虚拟生产就是把劳动密集型产业的生产部分采用业务外包的形式虚拟化,通过合同约束质量、价格和交货期等因素,达到迅速扩大生产规模的目的虚拟研发:指不同的企业或组织通过计算机网络连接起来,围绕特定的研究目标和内容,共享各自的核心资源和竞争优势,及时把所需的各种研究资源和必要的组织功能联合在一个“柔性研究所”中,建立起一个较为紧密的、跨越时空的合作联盟,共同开展某种技术或某项产品的研究与开发虚拟营销:指企业专注于产品的研发与生产,而把营销职能虚拟化,由其他企业完成营销职能虚拟服务:指企业把服务职能部分或全部虚拟化,以提高服务效率,降低服务成本虚拟管理:指企业把一部分管理职能交给外部专业的管理公司来执行,企业内部不在设置相应的机构采购型虚拟企业群:采购型虚拟企业群是通过网络把具有相同或相近采购需求的企业整合在一起,一致对外,共享采购规模效应营销型虚拟企业群:通过网络把提供相同或相近类型的产品或服务,或者拥有相同或相近目标市场的企业整合在一起,形成共同的电子商业社区,为目标客户提供广泛的比较和选择,在降低交易成本的同时,使企业的营销活动更具针对性政府采购(Government Procurement):也称公共采购,是指各级政府为了开展日常政务活动或为公众提供公共服务的需要,依法定的方式、方法和程序,从市场上为政府部门或所属公共部门购买商品和服务的行为协同商务:将具有共同商业利益的合作伙伴整合起来,他主要是通过对与整个商业周期中的的信息进行共享,实现和满足不断增长的客户的需求,同时也满足企业本身的活力能力。
期末复习——电子商务(双语)
E-business——A broader definition of EC, which includes not just the buying and selling of goods and services, but also servicing customers, collaborating with business partners and conducting electronic transactions within an organization.Brick-and-Mortar organizations:old-economy organizations that perform most of their business off-line, selling physical products by means of physical agents.Virtual organizations:organization that conduct their business activities solely online.Click-and-mortar organization:that conduct some e-commerce activities, but do their primary business in the physical world.We can describe business model from two facets: Revenue models and Value proposition一、Revenue models:Description of how the company or an EC project will earn revenue. SalesTransaction fees : based on the volume of transaction; levied per transaction Subscription fees(会员费)Advertising feesAffiliate fees(准入费)Other revenue sources:licensing fees(执照费用)二、Value proposition:The benefits a company can derive from using EC. Search and transaction cost efficiencyFaster and more informed decision makingWider product and service selectionEconomies of scale and scopeComplementaritiesBundling together to provide more value than separatelyLock-inSignificant switching costNetwork externalityNoveltyCreates value through innovative waysValue to customerLower priceConveniencePersonalization(人格化)Typical business models in EC1、Online direct marketing(网络直销)2、Electronic tendering systems (reverse auction—逆向拍卖、招标系统):Model in whicha buyer requests would-be sellers to submit bids, and the lowest bidder wins.3、Name your own price(反向定价): Model in which a buyer sets the price he or she is willing to pay and invites sellers to supply the good or service at that price.4、Find the best price(→比价网站)5、Affiliate marketing(联属网络营销、网络联盟营销):An arrangement where by a marketing partner (a business, an organization, or even an individual) refers consumers to the selling company’s web site.6、Viral marketing(病毒营销): Word-of-mouth marketing in which customers promotea product or service to friends or other people.7、Group purchasing(e-co-ops—团购): Quantity purchasing that enables groups of purchasers to obtain a discount price on the products purchased.8、Online auction(在线拍卖)9、Product and service customization(产品与服务定制→戴尔)10、Electronic marketplaces and exchanges(电子市场交易所)11、Value chain integrators(价值链整合)12、Value chain service providers(第三方平台→支付宝、顺丰)13、Information brokers(信息中介→Yahoo、Baidu)14、Bartering(以物易物)15、Deep discounting(深度折扣→唯品会)16、membership(会员制)17、supply chain improvesThe Benefits of EC一、Benefits to organizationsGlobal reachCost reductionSupply chain improvementsExtended hours(时间延伸):24/7/365CustomizationNew business modelsVendors specialization(供应专业化)Rapid time-to-marketLower communication costsEfficient procurementImproved customer relationsUp-to-date company materialNo city business permits and feesOther benefits二、Benefits to consumersUbiquity(到处存在)More products and servicesCheaper products and servicesInstant deliveryInformation availabilityParticipation in auctionsElectronic communitiesGet it your wayNo sales tax三、Benefits to societyTelecommuting(远距离工作)Higher standard of livingHomeland securityHope for the poorAvailability of public servicesThe Limitations of EC一、Technical limitations of ECLack of standards for quality, security,and reliability(可靠性).Insufficient telecommunications bandwidth.Software development tools are still evolving.It is difficult to integrate the Internet and EC software with some existing applications and databases.Special web servers are needed in addition to the network servers.In some place Internet accessibility is still expensive and inconvenientOrder fulfillment of large-scale B2C requires special automated warehouses二、Nontechnical LimitationsSecurity and privacy concerns deter customers from buying .Lack of trust in EC and in unknown sellers hinders buyingMany legal and public policy issues, including taxation, are as yet unresolved National and international government regulations sometimes get in the wayIt is difficult to measure some benefits of EC.Customers are resistant to the change from a real to a virtual store. Marketspace——In which sellers and buyers exchange goods and services for money(or for other goods and services),but do so electronically.*Market space componentsCustomers、Sellers、Products(digital products)、Infrastructure(公共建设)、front end、back end、intermediaries、other business partners、*Types of electronic markets: from storefronts to portalsElectronic storefronts(店铺)and Electronic malls(门户)* Types of stores and mallsGeneral stores/malls、Specialized stores/malls(特定商品专卖)、Regional versus global stores、Pure online organizations versus click-and-mortar storesPublic e-marketplaces——B2B marketplaces, usually owned and/or managed by an independent third party, that include many sellers and many buyers; also know as exchanges.Sell-side e-marketplace——a private(私人的) e-marketplace in which a company sells either standard or customized products to qualified companies.Buy-side e-marketplace——a private e-marketplace in which a company makes purchases from invited suppliers.Disintermediation(中介消失)——Elimination of intermediaries between sellers and buyers.Reintermediation(中介再生)——Establishment of new intermediary roles for traditional intermediaries that were disintermediated.What sells well on the InternetComputer hardware and software、Consumer electronics、Sporting goods、Office supplies、Books and music、Toys、Health and beauty、Entertainment、Apparel and clothing、Cars、Services、Jewelry、OthersCharacteristic of successful E-tailingHigh brand recognitionA guarantee provided by highly reliable or well-known vendersDigitized formatRelatively inexpensive itemsFrequently purchased itemsCommodities with standard specifications,marking physical inspection unimportant Well-known packaged itemsChannel conflict——situation in which an online marketing channel upsets the traditional channels due to real or perceived(感觉) damage from competitionModel of consumer behavior onlineindependent (or uncontrollable) variables——自变量Personal characteristicsEnvironmental variablesSocial variablesCultural/community variablesOther environmental variablesIntervening(moderating介入或缓解)variablesvariables are those that can be controlled by vendorsdecision-making processdependent variables——因变量customer makes several decisions“to buy or not to buy?” 、“what to buy?” 、“where, when, and how much to buy?”Personalization: The matching of services, products, and advertising content to individual consumersMajor strategies(战略)used to compile(编制)user profilesSolicit information directly from the user(直接向用户征求信息)Observe what people are doing onlineBuild from previous purchase patterns(从前的购物模式)Perform marketing research /Data mining(进行市场研究/数据挖掘)Make inferences(做出推断)Limitations of online market research1、too much data may be available—need business intelligence to organize, edit, condense, and summarize it2、accuracy of responses(准确的反应)3、loss of respondents because of equipment problems4、ethics and legality of Web tracking5、Online shoppers tend to be wealthy, employed, and well educated6、The lack of clear understanding of the online communication process and how online respondents think and interact in cyberspace* Internet advertising terminologyad views、button、page、Click (click-through or ad click)、CPM (cost per thousand impressions,千次展示费)、Hit、Visit、Unique Visit、Stickinessad views(广告浏览量)——The number of times users call up a page that has a banner on it during a specific time period; known as impressions or page viewsWhy Internet advertising?Television viewers are migrating to the InternetStatistics are not readily available on ads in a print publication or on TVCostRichness of formatPersonalizationTimelinessParticipationLocation-basisDigital brandingE-supply chain management (e-SCM)——The collaborative use of technology to improve the operations of supply chain activities as well as the management of supply chainsE-supply chain consists of six processes:1、Supply chain replenishment(补货)2、E-procurement3、Supply chain monitoring and control using RFID4、Inventory management using wireless Devices5、Collaborative planning(协同计划)6、Collaborative design and product development7、E-logistics(现代物流)8、Use of B2B exchanges and supply websPublic key infrastructure (PKI)——a scheme for securing e-payments using public key encryption and various technical components.The two major classes of encryption(加密):Symmetric(对称)/Private systems( with one secret key)、Asymmetric(非对称)/Public systems (with two keys)Plaintex t(明文)——an unencrypted massage in human-readable form.Ciphertext(密码)—— a plaintext message after it has been encrypted into a machine-readable form.Encryption algorithm(加密算法)——the mathematical formula used to encrypt the plaintext into the ciphertext and vice versa.Digital signatures(数字签名)——an identifying code that can be used to authenticate the identity of the sender of a document.include:Hash: A mathematical computation that is applied to a message, using a private key, to encrypt the message.Message digest: A summary of a message, converted into a string of digits, after the hash has been applied.Digital envelope: the combination of the encrypted original message and the digital signature, using the recipient’s public keySecuring EC Networks一、Firewalls——A network node consisting of both hardware and software that isolates a private network from a public network.Types of Firewalls(1) Packet filtering routers——firewalls that filter data and requests moving from the public Internet to a private network based on the network addresses of the computer sending or receiving the request.(2)Application level proxy——Firewalls block data and requests depending on the type of application being accessed. For instance, a firewall that permits requests for web pages to move from the public Internet to the private network.The disadvantages of Application level proxy①It takes more processing time to tie particular packets to particular applications.②The users on the internal network must configure their machines or browsers to send their Internet requests via the proxy server.(3) personal firewall二、VPN(Virtual private network )Protocol tunneling(隧道协议)——Method used to ensure confidentiality and integrity of data transmitted over the Internet , by encryption data packets, sending them in packets across the Internet , and decryption them at the destination address.The security of VPNUsing a combination of encryption to scramble the communications,Using authentication to ensure that the information has not been tampered with and comes from a legitimate source,Using access control to verify the identity of anyone using the network . Credit cards——信用卡、贷记卡,在信用额度内先消费后还款。
电子商务导论(双语)所划重点
1.Definition and category EC is the use of electronic communication to do business,the transfer of information,over internet.B2B,B2C,C2C,B2G,business processes that supply buying or selling activities(U2B,M2B,H2B),eg.DELLcomputer.2.Describe the benefits of EC to ORGANIZATIONS, CONSUMERS AND SOCIETYOrganizations:global reach/Cost reduction/supply chain improvement/new business model/rapid time-to-market/lower communication costs/improve costomer relation/no city business permits and fees.Consumer: ubiqulity(无处不在)/more products and services/cheeper products and services/instant delivery/information availabilities/no sales tax.Society:telecommuting/higher standard of living/availability of public services.3.EFT(Electronic Funds Transfer) used by banks:电子资金转账,银行业务中高速划拨资金的电子支付系统,如POS系统、ATM系统等。
EDI(electronic data interchange电子数据交换)将商业文件标准化和格式化,并通过计算机网络,从计算机到计算机的电子传输方法。
电子商务管理 双语(E-commerce management)
E-Commerce management:text and casesE-Commerce Management: Text and Cases; Sandeep KrishnamurthyPublication Date: July 09, 2002; ISBN- 0-324-15252-3Ch 1 Introduction to E-commerce managementExecutive summary:Six-C framework: commerce, content, communication, connectivity, community, computingThree elements in a successful e-commerce operation: internet technology, business model and marketing.Six new issues-efficiency, value, measurability, dense networking, interactivity, global marketplace1.1introduction1.2The risk and fall of Dot-ComsFour fatal mistakes made by dot-com companies:✧To build their market share with zero pricing and free services.✧To misunderstand the value of a customer database.✧To underestimate the ease with which human behavior can change.✧To underestimate the importance of entrenched interests.1.3reality check✧The Internet is growing at a steady pace.✧ A wide variety of domains have experienced great growth.✧Computing expert judge the quality of the Internet using three metrics-latency, packet loss and reachability.✧The number of American households with computers and access to online services has steadily grown.✧Overall online retail sales have remained steady.✧Manufactures are effectively using the internet to transact directly with customers.✧Networked organizations have continued to outperform their counterparts.✧Even though several high-profate dot-coms have closed, many continue to operate successfully.1.4the E-commerce triangle1.5new conceptual model✧Efficiency✧Value✧Measurability✧Dense Network✧Interactivity✧Global Marketplace✧Interrelationship among the elements1.6conclusiontasks:1.list the firms ranked 90-100 in the fortune 500 in 2010, for each firm, provide revenue inmillions of dollars.2.indentify the web sites of three English –language newspapers based in Pakistan.3.obtain information about the top ten heaviest spenders on advertising in china in the year2010.Discuss:1.how the Internet change our life? Or what can we do by using the internet?课堂作业:概述英汉互翻译。
电子商务英语期末总复习资料
电子商务英语期末复习资料1.掌握电子商务术语的英文单词。
(1)公司与顾客之间的电子商务(缩写) : B2C Electronic Commerce(2)互联网Internet(3)在线拍卖online auction(4)中小企业small and medium-sized enterprises(5)库存inventory(6)零售商retailer(7)供应链supply chain(8)电子零售e-tailing(9)实体店+网络的零售商click -and- motar e-tailer(10)电子现金electronic cash(11)电子资金转账electronic fund transfer(12)支付处理服务系统payment processing system(PPS)(13)物流logistics(14)配送delivery(15)在线订货online ordering(16)最优化optimization2.复习英文句子翻译:(1)Business to consumer electronic commerce (B2C) means retail transactions of products or services from businesses to individual shoppers.企业和顾客之间的电子商务就是企业和个人经营者之间的产品或者服务的零售交易。
(2) C2C is conducted by several different ways over the Internet; the typical and well-knownC2C activities are auctions.顾客与顾客之间的电子商务通过网络以多种方式进行,最典型的有名的一种是拍卖。
(3) The issuing bank sends the transaction to the processor, either authoring the payment or not. 发卡行把交易信息发给处理器,批准支付或者不批准支付。
电子商务双语期末试卷答案(A)
电子商务双语期末试卷答案(A)湖北理工学院2015-2016学年度第(一)学期试卷2013 级商务英语专业《电子商务》期末答案(A)答案Part I Vocabulary(26 points)Section A(12 points,2 points each )1. ( E )2. ( A )3. ( C )4. ( B )5. ( D )6. ( F )Section B(14 points,2 points each )1.auctions2. bidding3. integration4. platform5. e-shops6.well-known7. guaranteedPart II Short-answer question(20 points,2 points each)1.Any transaction completed over a computer-mediated network that involves the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services. A process that an organization conducts overa computer-mediated network2. Identify the main category of Electronic Commerce.Business-to-consumer (B2C)Business-to-business (B2B)Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)Business-to-government (B2G)3. Identify the definition of Electronic Business Infrastructure.The share of total economic infrastructure used to support e-business processes and conduct e-commerce transactions.4. Identify five examples related to Electronically-linked devices.Computers, personal digital assistants, web TVInternet-enabled cellular phones, interactive telephone systemsInternet, intranets, extranets, telecommunication networks, EDI5. Identify six categories of E-business applications.Collaboration Customer ServiceCustomization StreamliningManagement Cutting Edge6. What are potential benefits of E-business?More product/service selections Higher ProductivityImproved accessibility and convenience Better availability of informationShorter lead time Improved communication Stronger competitive position 7. Identify the definition of World Wide Web The World Wide Web (www), always called simply the Web, is a series of Internet software, which can realize global data sharing.8.Identify the definition of E-commerceAny transaction completed over a computer-mediated network that involves the transfer of ownership or rights to use goods or services9. Identify four Online Publishing Approaches and MethodsOnline-archive approach New-medium approachPublishing-intermediation approach Dynamic approachContent providers and distributorsPublishing of music, videos, games, and entertainment10. What are advantages of E-book to publisher?Lower production, marketing, and delivery costsLower updating and reproduction costsAbility to reach many readersEase of combining several books so professors can customize textbooks by using materialsLower advertising costsPart III Translation(20 points,2 points each)1.减价拍卖Dutch Auction2. 清算经纪公司Liquidation Broker’s Firm (Clearance agent company)3. 匿名现金anonymous cash4. 互联网多线交谈Internet relay chat5. 光纤电缆fiber-optic cable6. Retrieve information 检索信息7. Traditional bricks and mortal business 传统商业模式8. Human intervention 人为干预9. Cash simulation type electronic money 现金模拟形电子货币10.Group purchasing site 团购网站Part IV Interpretation(10 points, 2 points each)电子商务对于人类生活方式的总体影响,完全可以与汽车拥有增长幅度和普及电话相提并论The overall impact on lifestyle could well be comparable to, say, that of the growth in car ownership or the spread of the telephone.对于那些能充分挖掘其潜能的企业来说,电子商务使其实现突破性变化成为可能。
电子商务期末复习重点
电子商务期末复习重点第一章一、简述电子商务概念及其三种主要类型按交易对象可将电子商务分成三种类型:1、企业间的电子商务(B2B)企业与企业之间通过网络进行产品或服务的经营活动【阿里巴巴】2、企业与消费者之间的电子商务(B2C)企业通过网络为消费者提供一个产品或者服务的经营活动【淘宝网、卓越网、工行】3、消费者之间的电子商务(C2C)消费者与消费者之间通过网络进行产品或者服务的经营活动二、电子商务的基本组成要素1、网络:Internet(因特网:电子商务的基础,是上午、业务信息传送的载体)、Intranet(内部网:企业内部商务活动的场所)、Extranet(外联网:企业与企业以及企业与个人进行商务活动的纽带)。
2、用户:个人用户、企业用户。
3、认证中心(CA):是受法律承认的权威机构,负责发放和管理数字证书,使网上交易的各方能互相确认身份。
数字证书是一个包含证书持有人、个人信息、公开密钥、证书序号、有效期、发证单位的电子签名等内容的数字文件。
4、物流配送:接受商家的送货要求,组织运送无法从网上直接得到的商品,跟踪产品的流向,将商品送到消费者手中。
5、网上银行:在Internet上实现传统银行的业务,为用户提供24小时实时服务;与信用卡公司合作,发放电子钱包,提供网上支付手段,为电子商务交易中的用户和商家服务。
三、比较传统商务和电子商务的优缺点项目传统商务电子商务信息提供根据销售商的不同而不同透明、准确流通渠道企业→批发商→零售商→消费者企业→消费者交易对象部分地区全球交易时间规定的营业时间内24小时销售方法通过各种关系买卖完全自由购买顾客方便度受时间与地点的限制顾客按自己的方式购物对应顾客需要用很长时间掌握顾客的需求能够迅速捕捉顾客的需求及时应对销售地点需要销售空间虚拟空间第二章一、B2C电子商务企业类型及其收益模式(1)B2C电子商务企业类型:1、经营着离线商店的零售商:有着实在的商店货商场,网上零售只作为企业开拓市场的一条渠道,并不依靠网上销售生存。
电子商务管理重点汇总(详细版)
《电子商务管理》重点汇总一、主要概念和主要知识1、电子商务管理对象电子商务是以信息技术为基础的商务活动,它包括生产、流通、分配、交换和消费等环节中连接生产和消费的所有活动电子信息化处理。
电子商务管理的对象,也是电子商务的内容,揭示了电子商务的本质。
电子商务是传统商务活动的电子化、网络化,是以传统商务活动为基础的。
所以,电子商务即继承了传统的商务活动,又发展了传统的商务活动-----在网上进行的电子商务活动,这种电子商务活动是其它活动无法替代的。
因此我们认为电子商务管理的对象就是电子商务活动。
2.1.1 横向电子商务活动的内容从横向来看主要是体现在企业与企业之间、企业与市场(消费者)之间、企业与政府之间、企业内部之间的电子商务。
(1)企业对企业的电子商务。
是指企业可以使用互联网或各种商务网络向供应商定货、接收发票和付款结算。
(2)企业对消费者的电子商务。
主要通过网上商品浏览、挑选,在线支付、配送等环节完成。
(3)政府对企业的电子商务。
指企业与政府部门的电子商务。
政府上网后通过政府服务网(GSN)提供各种行政应用和便民服务的同时,也直接参加电子商务活动,实施政府网上采购工程。
它包括信息发布、数据利用、政府采购等等。
(4)企业内部电子商务。
主要有员工与企业、企业与消费者和员工与消费者等电子商务。
企业内部电子商务是利用企业内部网创建的电子商务活动2.1.2 纵向电子商务活动的内容从纵向来看主要体现在电子商务的形成和电子商务管理的职能上。
企业的发展沿袭了历史,历史是发展的。
电子商务活动从产生到发展,都随时代的变迁而变化。
无论是20世纪80年代的基于EDI的商务运作全过程的电子化,还是20世纪90年代的基于全球计算机信息网络的电子商务,他们所从事的仍然是电子商务活动。
2、协同商务理论协同商务是基于Web 架构的应用,为企业(或机构)建立以“人”为中心,以企业的业务流程为“血脉”的信息平台,通过这个信息平台来打通企业内部和外部的各种信息节点:以使所有的信息达到充分的共享,使企业整个供应链上的资源得到最大的开发、使用和增值。
电子商务管理复习资料.doc
一、名词解释1、电子商务管理电子商务管理是指为实现企业:战略目标对电子商务应用中技术和商业创新活动进行计划、组织、领导和控制的过程。
应该说,上述定义是针对企业给出的,但稍做修改后,也适用于非营利性组织。
2、电子商务战略电子商务战略是企业充分利用信息化技术和互联网提供的条件,以电子商务为手段,通过在价值链上增加价值,缩减成本,改进业务活动效率,创造商机,以提高企业盈利能力和竞争能力。
3、网络型组织网络型组织是一种只有很精干的中心机构,以契约关系的建立和维持为基础,依靠外部机构进行制造、销售或其他重要业务经营活动的组织结构形式。
4、业务需求文档:指的就是基于商业目标或价值所描述的产品需求内容文档(报告),其核心的用途就是用于产品在投入研发之前,由企业高层作为决策评估的重要依据。
5、人物角色人物角色(persona),是指针对互联网产品目标群体真实特征的勾勒,是真实用户的综合原型。
6、用例图用例图是从用户角度描述系统功能,是用户所能观察到的系统功能的模型图,用例是系统中的一个功能单元。
二、简答题1、筒述电子商务战略规划的步骤A:愿景规划B:企业目标定义C:客户价值创造D:市场细分及定位E:组织结构F:电子商务盈利模式2、图示电子商务模式价值网络的构成3、筒述电子商务企业组织结构的特征在一些电子商务应用企业中,应该说并没有完全排斥传统的组织结极形式,如:直线制、职能制、直线■职能制和事业部制组织结极等。
•电子商务环境下,组织结极呈现扁平化、柔性化、虚拟化,组织运行电子化,组织边界模糊化,组织管理知识化等特点。
4、简述互联网产品经理工作内容A:战略性工作为产品建立长期乳或略布局•发现新tlL产品机会•为产品乩演发、增强和引浊提供建议B:阶段性工作•参与新产品开发•参与商业计划制定•开展营销活动•预测竞争对手的行动并制定应对方案•更新产品并进行相应的用户教育•重新规划产品线C:日常性工作•收集分析竞争情报•协调开发、运营、客服、销售等资源以保证产品正常运作•执行商业计划5、简述互联网产品项目管理流程及方法管理流程及方法6、简述用户体验设计的五个层面及内涵层(scope )功能和特性是否要纳入网站,即范用户体验设计的五个层面表现层(surface )—系列的网页,由文字和图片组成。
电子商务英语复习资料整理
Unit 1电子商务交易electronic business双向网络bidirectional network企业流程 corporate processes门户网站 web portal电子手段electronic transfer信息通讯技术 information and communication technologies数据处理系统 data processing systems面向内部的 internal facing面向外部的 external facing商业模型business model互动步骤interaction steps电子商务是指利用信息通讯技术所进行的任何形式的商业活动。
e-business defined as the utilization of internation and communication technologies in support of all the activities of business.Auction (n)拍卖Bid(vt)出价、投标、祝愿、命令、吩咐accessible(adj)已接近的、易受影响的commission(n)佣金、委任、委托、委办(权);(vt)委任、委托、任命、委托制作dissemination(n)分发、传播electronically-facilitated(adj)电子化的integration(n)整合、综合utilization(n)使用=ultilisationacquisition(n)采集、获得、获得物application(n)应用、申请、应用程序IS=information system 信息系统Flat Fee 一次性收费Unit 2电子数据交换EDI electronic data interchange供应链管理supply chain management外包outsource固定格式inflexible format产品说明书product specificationsB2B交易场所B2B exchange (the B2B marketplace)有效地管理库存managing inventory more efficiently安全漏洞security breach网上目录on-line catalog贸易伙伴trading partner后端系统 data-end systemsB2C电子商务是企业与企业通过因特网、外联网、内联网或者似有网络,以电子化方式进行交易B2C e-commerce is business to business via the internet、extranet、intranet on network seems to be trading electronically.Collaboration(n)协助、合作Confidential(adj)秘密的、机密的Depot(n)仓库Component(n)部件Hype(n)大肆宣传、大做广告Interchange(n)交换(vi&vt)交换Intervention(n)干涉、干预Platform(n)平台Portal(n)入口Procurement(n)采购、获得、采集Quotation(n)报价Inventory(n)存货、财产目录Unit 3在线交易on-line transactions讨价还价haggling over price区别distinction传统企业brick and mortar business实体商店physical store零售巨头retail giant多渠道策略muti-channel strategy流量flow网站导航website navigation付账流程checkout process渠道冲突channel conflict互联网免税法案internet tax freedom actB2C电子商务是企业通过Internet向个人消费者直接销售产品或提供服务的经营方式。
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第五章电子商务战略5.2 Strategic Analysis (战略分析)1. Strategy: defines the future direction and actions of an organization or part of an organization. ——(p173)战略是指一个组织或者组织内各个部门未来发展的方向和行动规划。
Johnson & Scholes (1999): 约翰逊和斯科尔斯The direction and scope of an organization over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organization through its configuration of resources within a changing environment to meet the needs of markets and to fulfill stakeholder expectations.企业战略定义为:一个组织在较长的时期内要在一个变化的环境中通过资源配置取得优势,以满足市场的需要和实现利益相关者的期望而制定的行动策略。
5.2.3 Strategy process models for e-business:电子商务战略程序模型1.Strategy process model 战略程序模型——(p178)Strategy process model It provides a framework that gives a logical sequence to follow to ensure inclusion of all key activities of e-business strategy development. 战略程序模型提供了一个框架,这个框架给出了逻辑顺序,以确保将电子商务战略发展的所有关键活动包括在实施活动中。
2.Strategy process models for e-business (电子商务战略过程模型)——(p179)Common elements appeared in each model: (通过观察多种战略程序模型,它们的共同要素是:)(1)Internal and external environment scanning or analysis is needed.需要进行内部和外部环境观察和分析。
(2)Clear statement of vision and objectives required.要求制定清楚的目标和远景规划。
(3)Strategy development can be broken down into strategy option generation,evaluation and selection.战略制定可细分为战略的选项制定、评价和选择。
(4)After strategy development, enactment of the strategy occurs as strategy implementation.战略形成以后,在战略实施过程中制定战略实行条例。
(5)Control is required to monitor operational and strategy effectiveness problems and adjust the operations or strategy accordingly.需要对经营和战略的效率以及一致性问题进行控制。
表5.1 多种战略程序模型Lynch(2000) 企业战略模式Johnson & Scholes企业战略模型McDonald营销战略模式SmithSOSTAC序列性营销战略模型Environment & resourceanalysis环境分析(如市场,客户,竞Strategic analysis战略分析(环境,资源的预期Situation review形势审查(营销审计,SWOTSituationanalysisVision, mission andobjectives 观察,使命和目标 Strategic choice战略选择(不同可选择方案,评价方案,选择战略)Goal setting制定目标(使命,企业目标)Objective setting 制定目标 Strategy development战略发展Strategic implementation战略实施(资源规划,人与制度,组织结构)Strategy formulation制定战略(营销目标和战略,预期结果估计,找出替代计划并组合)Strategy 战略Strategy implementation战略实施Resource allocation and monitoring 资源分配和监督(预算,第一期执行计划) Tactics 战术 Actions 行动 Control 控制3.A generic four-stage strategy process model (一般战略程序模型):——(p181)5.3 Strategic Analysis (战略分析)——(p182)1. Strategic analysis/situation analysis involves review of: (战略分析或者形势分析包括以下部分) (1)The internal resources and processes of the company and a review of its activity in the marketplace; 通过公司内部资源和业务流程评估其电子商务能力,并审查迄今在市场活动中取得大的成果。
(2)The immediate competitive environment (micro-environment), including customer demand and behaviors, competitor activity, marketplace structure and relationships with suppliers and partners. 当前的竞争环境(微观环境),包括客户需求和行为的影响,竞争对手的活动,市场结构和供应商、合作伙伴的关系。
(3)The wider environment (macro-environment) in which a company governments in the forms of law and taxes together with social and ethical constraints such as the demand for privacy.一个公司所处的大环境(宏观环境),包括经济的发展和政府的管制、通过税收和法律以及社会伦理道德相适应的形式,比如说对隐私保密的需求。
P183 图5.6 电子商务战略形势分析要素5.3.3 Assessing competitive threats (评估竞争威胁)1. Porter ’s Five Competitive Forces Model (Porter 的五力分析模型)——p188Bargaining Power of Suppliers (供应商的议价的能力) Bargaining Power of Buyers (购买者的讨价还价的能力) IndustryCompetitors (产业竞争者)Rivalry among Existing firms (现存竞争对手之间的竞争) PotentialEntrants (潜在竞争者)Buyers (买方) Suppliers(供应商) Substitutes (替代品) Threat of New Entrants (新进入者威胁)Threat of SubstituteProducts or Service (新进入者威胁)Entry of competitors:How easy or difficult is for new entrants to start competing, whichbarriers do exist.新进入竞争者:多么容易或困难的是,新的进入者展开竞争,壁垒确实存在。
How strong is the position of buyers. Can they work together inordering large volumes. 到底有多强大地位的买家。
他们能在一起工作的大量订购。
How easy can a product or service be substituted ,especially made cheaper. 产品或服务是很容易被替换掉,特别是价格。
Does a strong competition between theexisting players exist? Is one player verydominant or are all equally in strength and size. 做一个强大的新进入者之间的竞争存在吗? 是一个新进入者非常主导或都同样在强度和大小。
How strong is the position of sellers. Do many potential suppliers exist or only Few potential suppliers? 有多强的位置卖家。
做许多潜在供应商存在或只有几个潜在的供应商?Table 5.3 impact of the internet on the five competitive forces. (互联网的五种竞争力的影响)购买者的讨价还价能力Bargaining Power ofBuyers供应商的议价力Bargaining Power ofSuppliers替代产品和服务的威胁Threat of SubstituteProducts or Service进入壁垒Barriers to entry现存竞争对手之间的竞争Rivalry among Existingfirms1.Wider choice, transparent prices and increased customers‟ knowledge increase this power.在线购买者得议价能力正在不断增强,因为他们有广泛的选择,所以随着消费者知识和价格透明度的增加,价格可能被迫下调,也就是说,鼓励转换行为。