宁波大学《大学英语》学习指南

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大学英语教学指南2022版全文

大学英语教学指南2022版全文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1College English Teaching Guide 2022 Full TextHi there! I'm just a little kid, but I've been asked to write the full College English Teaching Guide for 2022. That's a huge job for someone my age! But I'll give it my best shot. Here goes...First thing's first, English is super important for college students. It's like the universal language that connects people all around the world. By learning good English, you can make friends from different countries, read awesome books and websites, watch cool movies and shows, travel to amazing places, and get a really good job later on. Pretty neat, right?In college, your English classes will help you with all the main skills - reading, writing, listening, and speaking. You'll read lots of articles, stories, and books to build your vocabulary and comprehension. You'll write essays, emails, reports and more to practice clear communication. You'll listen to lectures, podcasts, videos and conversations to train your ears. And you'll speak inclass discussions, presentations and chats with classmates to get comfortable talking.Your teachers will probably use textbooks, multimedia lessons, group work, language lab practice, and all sorts of other innovative methods. The key is to immerse you in English as much as possible through authentic materials and activities. The more you get exposed to real English in context, the faster you'll improve.But it's not just about the classroom. You have to use English all the time if you want to truly master it. Listen to English music, watch English YouTubers, read English books, write in an English journal, get a language partner to chat with, grab every chance to speak it. The more you live in English, the more natural it will feel.Don't be afraid to make mistakes either! That's how everyone learns at first. Just keep trying your best and having fun with the language. Use context clues to guess words you don't know. Pay attention to feedback from teachers and native speakers. And practice, practice, practice at every opportunity.If reading, writing, speaking and listening ever get too hard, don't get discouraged. Everyone struggles sometimes when acquiring a new language. Take a break, then come back to itrefreshed. Ask lots of questions. Use online resources for extra support. And be patient with yourself – fluency takes a ton of time and effort, but it's so worth it!The college years are the perfect time to take your English to the highest level possible. You're immersed in an academic environment dedicated to learning. You have amazing resources at your fingertips. You're surrounded by teachers, tutors, and student conversation partners. It's a unique chance to really dive into English and open up a whole new world.If you put in the hard work, by graduation you could be discussing philosophical concepts, writing sophisticated research papers, giving impressive presentations, and feeling 100% comfortable in universities, workplaces and communities where English is the norm. How cool is that?!Just imagine where a mastery of English could take you. You could get hired by elite international companies. You could excel in graduate programs at world-renowned universities. You could collaborate with experts from every corner of the globe. You could travel wherever your heart desires and connect with diverse people and cultures. The possibilities are endless if you have English skills!So that's my beginner's guide to college English learning in 2022. Study hard, use every opportunity to practice, don't get discouraged, immerse yourself fully, and the magic of this amazing global language will be yours. English gives you the keys to unlock an enormous world of knowledge, experiences and connections. What an awesome journey lies ahead!Okay, I'm getting tired now from all this wise writing advice. Hopefully I've covered the key points that college English students need to focus on this year. Let me know if you need any other tips from this elementary expert! But for now, I'm going to go play outside and just be a kid again. Thanks for listening, everyone!篇2A Kid's Guide to Teaching English at University in 2022Hi there! My name is Chloe and I'm going to teach you all about how to teach English at the university level. It might seem like a big job, but if you follow my tips it will be easy as pie!First up, you need to prepare your lessons. Don't just show up and wing it - that never goes well! You should plan out what you want to cover each class. Make a list of the grammar points,vocabulary words, listening and reading materials you'll use. Then figure out some fun activities to practice those things.For grammar, you can't just stand there droning on about rules. Kids my age would fall asleep! Instead, get the students to practice using the grammar through games, role plays,fill-in-the-blank exercises and the like. Keep it interactive so they stay engaged.Vocabulary is super important for building their English skills. Introduce new words with pictures, real objects,synonyms/antonyms and example sentences. Get them using the words right away through matching games, storytelling or conversations. The more connections you can make to the words, the better they'll stick!Don't forget listening and reading practice too. Listening can be tough, so start with short, simple audio at a nice slow pace. As they improve, use longer recordings with faster speech. For reading, grade the difficulty level appropriately. Use texts about high-interest topics to keep them motivated.Now for the fun part - activities! Mix it up with a variety of games, puzzles, competitions and group work. Students love anything with movement, so get them up and active. Turnlessons into a story or mystery they need to solve. Use props, flashcards, whiteboards, balloons - anything to make it exciting!An essential teaching tool is your voice and body language. Speak slowly and clearly, exaggerating your mouth movements. Use lots of gestures, facial expressions and acting out words. A lively delivery coupled with drama and humor will captivate their attention.Make sure you give students plenty of opportunities to practice speaking too. Let them work in pairs and groups so everyone gets a chance to use English actively. Role plays, debates, presentations and show-and-tell activities are perfect for this.Don't just spend the whole class lecturing at the front! Get out from behind the podium and walk around, engaging students individually. Check their work, ask concept-checking questions and provide guidance when they need help.Praise is so important to keep students feeling encouraged and confident. Celebrate their effort, not just perfect performance. Use motivating stickers, stamps or points to reward things like participation, teamwork and creativity.At the end of class, quickly summarize and reinforce the key points one more time. Give them little quizzes or exit tickets to check their understanding. You can wrap up with a fun English song, chant or brain teaser too.Outside of lessons, assign homework to practice what you covered in class. But don't overload them - a few exercises, verb conjugations or journal entries is plenty. Encourage them to listen to English music, watch shows and read easy books for extra exposure.Be sure to keep up with grading and feedback as well. Students need to know how they're progressing and what areas need more work. Write comments on their assignments that are encouraging yet honest. Schedule meetings to go over strengths and weaknesses.So there you have it - all my top tips for teaching fabulous English classes at university! It's not easy, but stick with it. The more energy, creativity and personality you bring, the more engaged and successful your students will be. Learning English should be an awesome adventure, not a drag. Now get out there and make it happen!篇3A Guide to Teaching English at Uni in 2022Hi there! My name is Jamie and I'm 8 years old. My big sister just started university and she's taking English classes. I asked her what it's like learning English at uni and she said it's pretty different from school. So I decided to write this guide to help all the uni students and teachers!First up, the classes are wayyyy bigger than in school. My sister said there were over 100 people in her English lecture! That's like fitting my whole school into one classroom. I can't even imagine trying to pay attention with that many people around. The professors must be super duper loud to be heard over all that shuffling and whispering.Another big difference is that there's a lot more reading and writing to do at uni. In school, we maybe had to write one essay per week. But my sister has essays and papers due for every single class, every week! Her backpack is always crazy heavy with all the books and notebooks she has to carry around. I don't know how she doesn't get sore shoulders.The readings are hard too. The books they have to read are thick and have lots of complicated words. Whenever I look through my sister's books, I get confused and have to ask her what things mean. She says it's because they read a lot of classicnovels and literature from a long time ago when people talked differently. That sounds super boring to me!For writing essays, my sister showed me the referencing and citations she has to use. It's mind-boggling! You have to carefully write down every book and website you got information from. One tiny mistake and points get taken away. No wonder citations give uni students so much stress. I'll stick to writing simple book reports, thank you very much.Even things like discussions and group work are different at uni compared to school. My sister says they really have to come to class prepared and ready to share their thoughts and opinions. The professors ask hard questions about the reading assignments. It's not like in my class where we sometimes get to discuss the best ice cream flavors or our favorite movies!Group projects and presentations take way more work too. My sister's group had to spend weeks working on a huge research project all about Shakespeare's plays. Then they had to put together a 30 minute presentation to show the whole class.30 minutes! I can barely pay attention for 5 minutes during show-and-tell. I don't know how those uni students do it.Speaking of paying attention, that's another tricky part of university English classes. Since the lectures and classes are solong, it's hard to stay focused. My sister says people are always zoning out, going on their phones, or even falling asleep! She has to take super detailed notes to make sure she doesn't miss anything important. Sometimes the professors even walk around the aisles to keep everyone awake.Tests and exams are a whole different beast too. Rather than just having to memorize vocabulary words and grammar rules like we do in school, uni students have to deeply analyze literature. They have to be ready to write multiple full essays for the final exam, all without any notes or study guides! My head hurts just thinking about it. No wonder my sister gets so stressed around exam periods.Despite all the difficulty, uni students seem to really enjoy their English classes. They get to discuss so many cool books, poems, and plays that we don't get to read in elementary school. My sister says she's become a much better critical thinker and writer. Plus, she's made lots of new friends by being in small discussion groups.One last thing that's special about English at uni is that lots of classes bring in guest speakers. These are usually famous authors, poets, or literature professors from other schools. My sister got to meet a real life writer who talked about her newbook! How cool is that? I'd be way too shy to ask them questions, but I guess uni students are mature enough to not get nervous.Phew! Writing this guide has made me realize how crazy different English is at university compared to elementary school. Shoutout to all those hard working uni students out there - you deserve an A+ for all your efforts! Don't forget to eat snacks and take breaks in between all that reading and writing.Well, that's all I've got. Let me know if you need any other uni tips from an 8-year-old expert! Study hard everyone, and happy learning!篇4A Kid's Guide to Teaching English at CollegeHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. My older sister just started teaching English at the university and she asked me to write a guide for her on how to do it. I've never been to college before, but I watch a lot of movies and TV shows about it, so I think I know what I'm talking about! Here's my advice:First of all, college students are pretty much just older kids, so you need to keep things fun or they'll get bored easily. Makesure you crack a lot of jokes in class - silly jokes, puns, that kind of thing. Kids love puns! And do imitations of cartoon characters when you're teaching. That will really help the lessons stick in their brains.You'll also want to mix things up and not just lecture the whole time. College kids have really short attention spans, just like us little ones. Play games like Simon Says, but use it to practice English vocabulary and grammar rules. Oh, and you could hand out stickers or little toys when they get an answer right! Everyone loves a prize.When you're teaching writing, have them write funny stories or jokes instead of boring essays. You could even put on a classroom talent show at the end of the semester where students perform their best work. The kid with the funniest story wins a giant lollipop!For reading assignments, maybe have them read children's books instead of hard novels. Kids' books are so much more entertaining with all the pictures and everything. You could take turns going around the classroom and having each student read a page out loud, using funny voices for the different characters.If you need to teach grammar, turn it into a rap or song. Kids remember things way better when they're set to catchy music.You could even hire a special guest lecturer who's aGrammy-winning rapper to perform all the grammar rules. How cool would that be?Don't forget to take plenty of breaks for recess too! College kids get antsy if they have to sit still too long. Have everyone run around outside for 20 minutes after every hour of class. While you're out there, you could play classics like Red Rover, Dodgeball, and Kickball using English vocabulary words as the "passwords" to join in.Lastly, make sure you give out A's to everyone who tries their best. College is super expensive, so you don't want any students to fail and have to take your class over again. Aw man, can you imagine how bad that would stink? Just pass them all and they'll be way more likely to show up and keep learning English from you.Well, those are my tips! Let me know if you need any other advice from a knowledgeable 8-year-old. I may be little, but I have big wisdom when it comes to the college experience. Good luck teaching, sis!篇5A Kid's Guide to Teaching University English in 2022Hey there, university professors! This is your friendly neighborhood kid coming at you with some tips on how to teach English at the university level this year. I know, I know, you're probably thinking "What could a little squirt like you know about teaching college students?" But hear me out - I've been in school for like, ever, so I know a thing or two about what makes a good teacher.First things first, let's talk about making your classes fun! Nobody wants to sit through a boring lecture where the professor just drones on and on. That's a surefire way to put everyone to sleep. Instead, try mixing things up with games, activities, and interactive lessons. We kids love that kind of stuff!For example, you could have a spelling bee competition or a vocabulary charades game. Or, you could split the class into teams and have them act out scenes from famous books or plays. Not only will it keep us engaged, but it'll also help us learn in a fun and memorable way.Next up, let's talk about technology. We live in a digital world, professors, so it's important to embrace it in your teaching. Use things like online quizzes, educational apps, and multimedia presentations to keep us interested. Trust me, nothing's more boring than just reading from a textbook all day.Oh, and speaking of textbooks, try to use materials that are relevant and relatable to us. We're more likely to pay attention if we can see ourselves in the stories and examples you use. Bonus points if you can throw in some pop culture references or memes that we actually understand!Another important thing to remember is to be patient and understanding. We're not all going to get everything right away, and that's okay. Some of us might need a little extra help or a different teaching style. Don't get frustrated or make us feel stupid if we're struggling. Just take a deep breath and try explaining things in a different way.And while we're on the subject of patience, it's also important to be open-minded and accepting of different cultures and backgrounds. We live in a diverse world, and your classroom is likely to be a melting pot of different ethnicities, religions, and perspectives. Embrace that diversity and use it as a learning opportunity for everyone.Oh, and one more thing – please, please, please don't assign a ton of homework and readings. We already have enough on our plates with all of our other classes and extracurricular activities. Plus, let's be real, we're probably not going to do mostof it anyway. Focus on quality over quantity when it comes to assignments.Lastly, don't forget to have fun and be yourself! We can always tell when a teacher is just going through the motions or trying too hard to be someone they're not. Just relax, crack a few jokes (appropriate ones, of course), and let your personality shine through. We'll appreciate you for it, and you'll probably find that teaching is a lot more enjoyable that way too.Well, there you have it, professors – a kid's guide to teaching university English in 2022. Follow these tips, and you'll have a classroom full of engaged, enthusiastic students who are actually excited to learn. And who knows, you might even have a little fun yourself along the way. Happy teaching!篇6The Big English Teaching Guide for Big Kids at Big School 2022Hi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. My teacher asked me to write a guide about how to teach English to university students since I'm such an expert after watching my older brother and sister learn it. Here goes!First things first, you gotta make it fun! Grown-ups can be pretty boring sometimes. As an English teacher, you have to think like a kid again. Play games, sing songs, tell jokes, and get those old brains thinking young again. That's how little kids learn best.But you also have to be serious sometimes too. The big kids are trying to learn lots of important things for their future jobs. So you have to teach them grammar rules, vocabulary lists, how to write essays and all that grown-up stuff. Just don't make it too boring or they'll fall asleep!Here are some of my best tips for being the funnest English teacher ever:GamesGrown-ups love games, they just forget sometimes. Play games like Hangman, Charades, 20 Questions and all the classics. You can even make up new word games for them to learn vocabulary. Give them points or stickers when they get things right. Adults love stickers!SongsSinging is a great way to remember things. You can teach grammar rules by making them into raps or singing them topopular tunes. Even better, get the students to make up their own songs about what they're learning. Singing makes Happy Brain Chemicals that help learn gooder.Arts & CraftsI know what you're thinking - arts and crafts, really? For university students? Yes really! Getting creative helps you remember things. Have them make posters, dioramas, comics or anything visually to teach concepts. Visualization is an essential step for putting things in your brain.DramaMost grown-ups want to be movie stars anyway, so let them! Act out dialogues, skits and scenes to practice conversational English. Or have them write and perform their own short plays. The drama dork kids will finally get to shine.Show & TellThis one is a classic. Have students bring in objects or photos and get them to present and describe them to the class. This practices public speaking and gets them using descriptive language. Just make sure they don't bring in anything too boring like paperclips.Culture LessonsPart of learning a language is understanding the culture behind it. Teach them about traditions, celebrations, music, food and customs from English-speaking countries. Maybe even have a culture day where everyone dresses up and you make ethnic dishes together. Just don't burn down the kitchen!Field TripsSome of the best learning happens outside the classroom. Take your students on field trips to museums, performances, restaurants or any place they can explore English in the real world. You can even take them to playgrounds and have them try explaining the equipment to you - that's how they'll get practice using advanced vocabulary.So。

大学英语学习指南

大学英语学习指南在大学期间，学习英语是一项非常重要的任务。

掌握英语不仅可以帮助我们更好地与世界沟通，还可以为我们的学术研究和职业发展提供更多机会。

然而，英语学习并非易事，需要付出大量的时间和努力。

本文将为大学生提供一份英语学习指南，帮助他们更高效地学习英语。

一、制定学习计划首先，制定一个合理的学习计划是学习英语的关键。

学习计划应当包括每天的学习时间、学习内容和学习目标。

合理分配时间，将英语学习融入日常生活中，并设定具体的目标，如提高听力、口语或写作能力。

这样的学习计划可以帮助学生保持学习的动力和纪律性。

二、多种学习方法其次，采用多种学习方法可以更好地提高英语水平。

除了课堂学习外，学生还可以参加英语角、英语俱乐部等活动，与其他学习者交流和练习口语。

此外，利用各种学习资源，如英语电影、英文原版书籍和在线学习平台，可以提升听力和阅读能力。

通过多种学习方法的结合，学生可以更全面地提高英语能力。

三、培养语言环境创造一个良好的语言环境也是学习英语的关键。

学生可以利用学校图书馆、自习室等安静的环境进行学习。

此外，与同学组建学习小组，互相激励和纠正错误，共同进步。

在日常生活中，尽量使用英语与他人交流，例如与外教、留学生或其他英语母语者进行交流。

通过不断接触和使用英语，学生可以更快地提高自己的语言能力。

四、注重听说读写全面发展学习英语应该注重听说读写的全面发展。

在听力方面，学生可以通过听英语广播、音频材料和英语电影来提高听力理解能力。

在口语方面，多与他人交流，积极参与口语练习，提高口语表达能力。

在阅读方面，学生可以选择适合自己水平的英文原版书籍、报纸和杂志进行阅读。

在写作方面，多写作文、笔记等可以提高写作能力。

通过全面发展听说读写四个方面，学生可以全面提高自己的英语水平。

五、复习与总结在学习过程中，复习与总结是非常重要的环节。

学生可以定期回顾所学知识，总结重点和难点，并进行复习和巩固。

此外，学生还可以做一些练习题和模拟考试，检验自己的掌握程度。

大学英语教学指南202

大学英语教学指南202Title: Exploring the Intricacies of University English EducationIntroduction:In today's globalized world, the mastery of English has become an essential skill for university students. Theability to communicate effectively in English opens doors to a plethora of academic and professional opportunities. As such, university English education plays a crucial role in shaping students into competent communicators. This essay aims to delve into the various aspects of university-level English instruction, exploring its objectives, methods, challenges, and the future trajectory of this vital component of higher education.Objectives of University English Education:The primary goal of university English teaching is to develop students’ proficiency in all four language skills: reading, writing, listening, and speaking. These skills are interwoven, and a solid foundation in each is necessary for effective communication. Reading enables students to access a vast array of academic materials and to comprehend diverse viewpoints. Writing allows them to articulate their ideas clearly and logically. Listening fosters understanding and empathy towards others' perspectives, while speaking enables active participation in discussions and presentations.Teaching Methods:University English courses often employ a variety of teaching methods to cater to different learning styles. One popular approach is the communicative method, which emphasizes the practical use of English through engaging activities that simulate real-life scenarios. Additionally, task-based learning focuses on completing specific tasks thatrequire the use of English, thereby reinforcing language acquisition through practice. Integrated skills classes challenge students to use multiple language skills simultaneously, enhancing their overall proficiency. Furthermore, technology-enhanced learning, including online platforms and educational software, provides students with interactive and adaptable resources for language development.Challenges in University English Teaching:Despite the best efforts of educators, several challenges persist in university English instruction. One such challenge is the diversity of learner backgrounds, which can lead to varying levels of proficiency within the same class. To address this, instructors may employ differentiated instruction, tailoring activities to meet individual needs. Another challenge is maintaining student motivation, especially as the novelty of learning a new language wears off. Instructors can combat this by incorporating relevantand engaging content into their lessons, as well as by providing opportunities for students to use English creatively and collaboratively.Assessment Strategies:Assessment is a critical component of university English teaching, serving to monitor student progress and inform instructional decisions. Formative assessments, such as quizzes and peer reviews, provide ongoing feedback to both students and teachers. Summative assessments, like final exams or comprehensive essays, evaluate the cumulative learning outcomes. Performance-based assessments, including presentations and group projects, allow students to demonstrate their language abilities in practical contexts.Curriculum Development:Designing a comprehensive curriculum for university English courses involves careful consideration of course goals, content selection, and instructional strategies. Thecurriculum should align with the institutional objectives and reflect current trends in language teaching. It should also integrate multicultural perspectives, preparing students to interact with an increasingly diverse global community.Technology Integration:Technological advancements have significantly impacted university English teaching. Online platforms facilitate remote learning and offer a wealth of interactive resources, such as multimedia exercises and virtual simulations. Language learning apps can supplement classroom instruction, providing students with additional practice opportunities. Moreover, social media and digital communication tools enable authentic language use in virtual environments.Professional Development for Instructors:Maintaining high-quality university English education requires continuous professional development for instructors. This includes keeping abreast of recent research in languageacquisition, attending workshops and conferences, and engaging in peer collaboration. By staying current with educational innovations, instructors can enhance their teaching practices and better support their students' learning.International Perspectives:University English programs often incorporate international perspectives, recognizing the importance of global competencies in today's interconnected world. Study abroad programs, international student exchanges, and cross-cultural communication modules expand students' horizons and deepen their understanding of diverse societies and cultures.Conclusion:In conclusion, university English education is a dynamic and ever-evolving field that plays a pivotal role in preparing students for success in both academic and professional domains. Through a combination of effectiveteaching methods, responsive assessment strategies, and a commitment to continuous improvement, university English programs equip students with the linguistic and cultural competencies necessary for navigating a complex and interconnected world. As we move forward, it is essential to continue refining our approaches to teaching English at the university level, ensuring that they remain relevant, engaging, and effective in fostering globally minded communicators.。

大学英语教学指南要求

大学英语教学指南要求Diving headfirst into the world of college English instruction can be both exhilarating and daunting. The quest for effective teaching methods is akin to a treasure hunt, where the ultimate prize is the enlightenment of young minds. The first step in this educational odyssey is to understand the diverse backgrounds and needs of your students. Each one brings a unique perspective and set of skills to the classroom, and it is your role to cater to these differences while fostering a love for the English language.Begin by setting clear, achievable objectives for your course. Whether it's enhancing reading comprehension, improving writing skills, or perfecting conversational fluency, having a roadmap for success is crucial. Engage your students with dynamic lesson plans that blend traditional grammar exercises with modern, interactive activities such as role-plays and debates. These not only hone language skills but also encourage critical thinking and cultural awareness.Technology should be your ally in this educational endeavor. Utilize online platforms and apps to supplement classroom learning, offering students a plethora of resources to practice and reinforce their knowledge. From interactive quizzes to language exchange forums, the digital realm is teeming with opportunities for language acquisition.Feedback is the lifeblood of improvement. Provideconstructive criticism that is specific, timely, and supportive. Encourage students to reflect on their progress and set personal goals for advancement. Remember, the journey of language learning is as much about the destination as itis about the steps taken along the way.Lastly, never underestimate the power of a well-curated reading list. Select texts that are not only linguistically enriching but also culturally diverse and thought-provoking. This will not only improve language proficiency but also broaden horizons and spark intellectual curiosity.In essence, the guide to teaching college English is a tapestry woven from understanding, engagement, technology, feedback, and literature. It's a vibrant, ever-evolving craft that, when mastered, can unlock a world of linguistic and cultural richness for your students.。

《大学英语》课程修读指南.doc

《大学英语》课程修读指南课程名称：大学英语课程类型：通识教育类必修课程总学分、学时：9.0学分144学时（讲授学时：96 实践学时：48）开课学期：第一、二、三学期开课对象：全校非英语专业本科学生一、教学目标及主要教学任务（一）教学目标大学英语的教学目标是培养学生英语综合应用能力，即：听、说、读、写、译，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后的工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，同时增强其自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应社会发展，经济建设和国际交流的需要。

（二）主要教学任务本课程的教学是依据教育部颁发的《大学英语课程教学要求》中提出的教学目的和教学要求实施教学，帮助学生打下较扎实的语言基础，掌握良好的语言学习方法，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素质。

即：基本语言技能语言知识综合语言技能语言综合应用能力文化素养本课程的教学对象是高等学校非英语专业的本科学生。

开始本课程学习时，他们应掌握基本英语语音和语法知识，领会式掌握1，800个单词（其中复用式掌握的单词为1，200个），并在听、说、读、写等方面受过初步的训练。

另外，大学英语还要为大学阶段高年级开设的英语选修教程，研究生英语教程和某些专业学生进行的专业英语学习提供基础阶段的教学任务。

二、教学方式本课程采取课堂授课和课下自主学习、答疑相结合的方式。

课堂授课需要使用多媒体大教室、语音实验室、课下自主学习、答疑需要使用语言实训机房。

多媒体大教室主要用于大班《大学英语四级课程》和《大学英语六级课程》；语音实验室主要用于小班《大学英语口语课程》；语言实训机房主要用于学生自主学习。

为保证教学质量和教学进度，多媒体大教室、语音实验室，每周授课时数不应低于4课时。

语言实训机房，每周自学时数不应低于2课时。

三、教学内容大学英语课程教学主要采取分类指导，目标管理。

主要课程内容如下：大学英语四级：课程要点为以改革后的国家英语四级考试大纲为目标组织教学，加强学生英语读写译能力的培养，辅以必要的语言和文化背景知识学习。

大学英语课程学习计划书

大学英语课程学习计划书I. IntroductionEnglish is one of the most widely spoken languages in the world. It is the official language of many countries and is used as a second language in many others. Therefore, mastering the English language is important for communication, education, and career opportunities. In this study plan, I will outline my approach to studying the English language during my college years.II. Goals and ObjectivesMy goals for studying English in college include improving my speaking, listening, reading, and writing skills, as well as expanding my vocabulary and understanding of grammar rules.I also hope to gain a deeper appreciation for English literature and culture. Additionally, I aim to achieve a high level of proficiency in English so that I can use it effectively in my future career.III. Study Materials and ResourcesI plan to use a variety of materials and resources to enhance my English language skills. These include textbooks, online courses, language apps, audio and video materials, and literature works. I will also make use of language learning websites, English language exchange programs, and conversation partners to practice speaking and listening.IV. Study ScheduleI will divide my study time into four main areas: speaking, listening, reading, and writing. Each week, I will allocate specific time for each area, as well as review sessions, to ensure balanced improvement in all aspects of the language.- Speaking: I will practice speaking English by participating in language exchange activities, attending conversation clubs, and speaking with native English speakers. I will also give presentations and participate in debates to improve my public speaking skills.- Listening: I will improve my listening skills by watching English movies, TV shows, and TED talks, as well as listening to English podcasts, news broadcasts, and music. I will also take note of the different accents and dialects used by English speakers.- Reading: I will read a variety of English books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles to improve my comprehension skills. I will also explore different genres of literature, including fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and plays.- Writing: I will practice writing in English by keeping a journal, writing essays, and composing emails, reports, and other forms of professional communication. I will also seek feedback from teachers and peers to improve my writing style and grammar.V. Assessment and FeedbackTo track my progress, I will regularly take quizzes, exams, and writing assignments. I will also seek feedback from instructors, peers, and language exchange partners. This will help me identify areas for improvement and adjust my study plan accordingly.VI. Extracurricular ActivitiesI plan to participate in extracurricular activities that will further enrich my understanding of the English language and culture. These include attending English language workshops, cultural events, and literary festivals. I will also consider joining English language clubs, drama groups, and volunteering opportunities that involve English communication.VII. Long-term GoalsIn the long term, I hope to achieve a high level of proficiency in the English language, as well as gain a deep understanding and appreciation for English literature and culture. I plan to use my English language skills in my future career, which may involve international communication, translation, or education. I also hope to continue using English in my personal life, such as traveling to English-speaking countries and forming friendships with English speakers.In conclusion, studying English in college is a vital part of my education and personal development. By following this study plan, I am confident that I will achieve my goals and become proficient in the English language. I look forward to the journey of language learning and the opportunities it will bring.。

宁波大学《大学英语》学习指南

宁波大学《大学英语》修读说明一、课程体系1、《大学英语三》和《大学英语四》：必修课，各3学分；《大学英语口语三》和《大学英语口语四》：必修课，各1学分；考试不及格可补考一次，补考不及格可重修多次；重修不及格不能毕业。

2、《大学英语2》和《大学英语3》：艺体类学生必修课，各3学分；考试不及格可补考一次，补考不及格可重修多次；重修不及格不能毕业。

3、《大学英语口语2》和《大学英语口语3》：艺体类学生必修课，各1学分；考试不及格可补考一次，补考不及格可重修多次；重修不及格不能毕业。

4、本学期所开设的大学英语类课程有：非艺术体育类学生：《大学英语二/口语二》（非必修课，但建议高考英语单科成绩低于总分60%的学生第一学期选修）；《大学英语三/口语三》（必修课）、《大学英语四/口语四》（必修课，高考英语单科成绩达到总分85%的学生，根据自愿原则，第一学期可以直接修读《大学英语四》和《大学英语口语四》）。

艺体类学生：《大学英语1/口语1》（非必修课，建议高考英语单科成绩低于总分60%的艺体类学生修读）；《大学英语2/口语2》（必修课）；《大学英语3/口语3》（必修课）。

二、选课指南1．体育、艺术类专业学生必须修读《大学英语2》、《大学英语3》、《大学英语口语2》和《大学英语口语3》四门课程，共8学分。

考试不及格可补考一次，补考不及格可重修多次；重修不及格不能毕业。

2．其他专业学生（外语类专业除外）必须修读《大学英语三》、《大学英语四》、《大学英语口语三》和《大学英语口语四》四门课程，共8学分。

考试不及格可补考一次，补考不及格可重修多次；重修不及格不能毕业。

3．高考英语单科成绩低于总分75%的学生，建议第一学期选修《大学英语口语二》（1学分）；高考英语单科成绩低于总分60%的学生，建议第一学期选修《大学英语二》（3学分）；高考英语单科成绩低于总分65%的艺体类学生，建议第一学期选修《大学英语口语1》（1学分）；高考英语单科成绩低于总分60%的艺体类学生，建议第一学期选修《大学英语1》（3学分）。

大学英语一年级的学习技巧全面指南

大学英语一年级的学习技巧全面指南在大学英语一年级的学习旅程中，成功的关键在于掌握有效的学习技巧。

作为一个初学者，你面对的不仅是语言的复杂性，还有文化的差异和学术的挑战。

因此，从一开始就建立良好的学习习惯和策略将是你通向成功的关键。

首先，理解并接纳英语作为一种生活方式而非单纯的学科是至关重要的。

通过日常接触英语环境，你能够自然地提高语言能力。

阅读英文书籍、收听英语广播、观看英文影片等，都有助于你逐渐适应英语的语境和用法。

尤其是沉浸在真实的语言使用情境中，可以帮助你更好地理解和应用语言规则。

其次，系统性的词汇学习对你的英语学习至关重要。

词汇是语言的基石，不仅需要记住单词本身，还要掌握它们的用法和语境。

你可以通过制作词汇卡片、使用词汇记忆软件、参与词汇游戏等方式来巩固记忆。

同时，将新词汇运用到实际写作和对话中，有助于提高你的词汇运用能力。

语法学习也是不可忽视的一部分。

掌握基本的语法规则可以帮助你构建正确的句子，并提升你的书面表达能力。

虽然语法学习可能会感到枯燥，但你可以通过做练习题、参加语法讨论班、以及与同学互相纠错来增加趣味性和实用性。

逐步掌握语法结构，有助于你在写作和口语交流中表现得更为流畅。

在听力方面，主动练习听力技能是不可或缺的。

定期听英语音频材料，如新闻、讲座或对话，可以提高你的听力理解能力。

注意听取语调、语速以及语境，从而更好地理解和跟进对话。

模拟听力测试和参与听力讨论也是有效的练习方式。

口语表达能力的提高需要大量的实践。

参与语言交换活动、加入英语讨论小组、以及主动与他人用英语交流，都可以帮助你增强口语能力。

尽量避免害怕犯错，通过不断练习，你将能够在真实交流中变得更加自信和流利。

写作技巧的提升同样重要。

学会结构化地组织文章内容、运用恰当的连接词、以及确保语法准确，是提高写作水平的关键。

定期进行写作练习，邀请老师或同学提供反馈，并从中不断改进，将帮助你逐步提高写作能力。

此外，制定合理的学习计划和目标也是成功的基础。

宁波大学公共英语教材

宁波大学公共英语教材宁波大学公共英语教材是为学习者提供全面学习英语的教学资料和辅助工具的重要资源。

它是宁波大学英语教学体系的核心部分，旨在帮助学生提高听说读写能力，丰富词汇量，培养跨文化交际能力，以应对当今全球化社会的需求。

第一章 - 学校生活本章将围绕学校生活展开，帮助学生熟悉校园环境，掌握与学校相关的词汇和表达方式。

学生将学习如何描述校园设施、课程、社团活动等，以及如何与教师和同学进行交流。

通过丰富的听力材料和口语练习，能够更好地适应大学生活。

第二章 - 健康与生活方式这一章主要关注健康与生活方式。

学生将了解健康饮食、锻炼和保持良好睡眠的重要性，并学习如何表达个人健康状况以及提供建议。

通过阅读和写作练习，学生将加深对健康与生活方式的理解。

第三章 - 社交与人际关系本章旨在帮助学生学习在社交场合中的表达和交流技巧。

学生将学习如何介绍自己、发表观点、提出建议并展示兴趣爱好。

通过角色扮演和讨论，学生将增强自信，提高人际交往能力。

第四章 - 工作与职业发展这一章将让学生了解职业生涯规划和就业的基本知识。

学生将学习如何准备简历、参加面试以及与同事和上级进行有效沟通。

通过案例研究和讨论，学生将掌握就业技巧，为未来的职业发展做好准备。

第五章 - 环境与可持续发展本章将关注环境问题和可持续发展的重要性。

学生将学习如何描述环境状况，讨论环境保护的重要性，并探讨可持续发展的方案和措施。

通过听力材料和写作练习，学生将加深对环境问题的认识，培养环保意识。

总结：宁波大学公共英语教材以丰富的内容和互动式学习方式，帮助学生提高英语技能和跨文化交际能力。

它不仅仅是一本课本，更是学生全面发展的重要工具。

通过学习这个教材，学生将更好地适应大学生活，拓宽国际视野，为未来的职业发展打下坚实的基础。

宁波大学英语教材

宁波大学英语教材宁波大学英语教材是宁波大学开设的一门重要课程所使用的教材。

该教材旨在帮助学生提高英语听说读写的能力，培养语言思维和跨文化交际的技巧。

教材内容丰富多样，覆盖了基础英语知识、语法、阅读理解、写作等多个方面。

首先，宁波大学英语教材注重基础知识的教学。

教材的第一部分主要介绍了英语的发音规则、词汇积累和基本的语法知识。

通过实际的例句和练习，帮助学生建立起扎实的英语基础，打下坚实的语言基础。

其次，宁波大学英语教材强调语言技能的培养。

教材的第二部分主要注重听力和口语的训练。

通过丰富的听力材料和口语练习，学生可以提高听力理解能力，加强口语表达能力。

教材中包含了各种真实场景下的对话和演讲，帮助学生更好地融入英语语境中，提高跨文化交际的能力。

第三，宁波大学英语教材注重阅读理解和写作能力的培养。

教材的第三部分主要涉及阅读和写作的训练。

通过选择不同主题的文章，学生可以巩固词汇和语法知识，并提高阅读理解能力。

同时，教材还包含了一些写作指导和范文，帮助学生掌握写作技巧，提高写作水平。

最后，宁波大学英语教材倡导多元化的学习方式。

教材的第四部分包括了一些拓展阅读材料、实践活动和语言游戏等。

学生可以通过这些额外的学习资源，进一步提高英语能力，并且在学习过程中体验到乐趣和成就感。

总结起来，宁波大学英语教材以全面提高学生英语能力为目标，采用多样化的教学方法和学习资源。

它不仅覆盖了英语的基础知识和技能，还注重培养学生的语言思维和跨文化交际能力。

这样的教材对于学生提高英语水平和应对国际化挑战具有重要意义。

它不仅是宁波大学的一门课程教材，也是学生们英语学习的有力工具和指南。

大学英语学习指南(2015版)

重庆科技学院大学英语学习指南（2015）教育部高教司《大学英语课程教学要求》摘要大学英语与中学英语的异同怎样适应大学英语的学习教学班学生名单与期末成绩的关系大学英语课程体系大学英语教材体系外语实验教学中心学习要求及调频耳机要求大学英语相关竞赛及活动大学英语系列课程考核方式及学期总评成绩构成方式大学英语系列课程考试指导内容大学英语系列课程免修、成绩认定及奖励分大学英语四六级考试（笔试）及考试流程征求教学意见和建议《大学英语学习指南》须向学生公布，不宜作为大学英语课程导论的直接版本！WYJXPJZX@重庆科技学院外国语学院外语教学评价中心教育部高教司《大学英语课程教学要求》摘要【新的大学英语教学指南尚未公布】•大学英语是以外语教学理论为指导，以英语语言知识与应用技能、跨文化交际和学习策略为主要内容，并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。

•大学英语的教学目标是培养学生的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，使他们在今后学习、工作和社会交往中能用英语有效地进行交际，同时增强其自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，以适应我国社会发展和国际交流的需要。

•大学英语课程的设计应充分考虑听说能力培养的要求，并给予足够的学时和学分；应大量使用先进的信息技术，开发和建设各种基于计算机和网络的课程，为学生提供良好的语言学习环境与条件。

大学英语课程不仅是一门语言基础课程，也是拓宽知识、了解世界文化的素质教育课程，兼有工具性和人文性。

因此，设计大学英语课程时也应当充分考虑对学生的文化素质培养和国际文化知识的传授。

•各高等学校应充分利用现代信息技术，采用基于计算机和课堂的英语教学模式，改进以教师讲授为主的单一教学模式。

新的教学模式应以现代信息技术，特别是网络技术为支撑，使英语的教与学可以在一定程度上不受时间和地点的限制，朝着个性化和自主学习的方向发展。

新的教学模式应体现英语教学实用性、知识性和趣味性相结合的原则，有利于调动教师和学生两个方面的积极性，尤其要体现学生在教学过程中的主体地位和教师在教学过程中的主导作用。

《大学英语》(非音体美专业)教学大纲

《大学英语》（非音体美专业）教学大纲英文课程名称：College English课程代码：a001100051, a001100052, a001100053, a001100054课程类别：公共基础课学时：262学分：16.5开课学期：一、二、三、四适用专业：非音体美本科专业（教科院专业除外）考核方式：第一、三学期为考试；第二、四学期为考查先修课程：无开课单位：外国语学院一、课程简介大学英语教学是高等教育的一个有机组成部分，大学英语课程是大学生的一门必修的基础课程。

大学英语是以英语语言知识与应用技能、学习策略和跨文化交际为主要内容，以外语教学理论为指导，并集多种教学模式和教学手段为一体的教学体系。

大学英语一、二、三课程每周5学时，由读写（2学时）、听说（2学时）、网络辅导（1学时）三个部分构成，大学英语四为行业英语课程（针对学科专业设置不同的行业英语课程），每周2学时，共262学时。

另：我校专升本学生在升入本科阶段后仍需修一学年的大学英语，采用《新视野大学英语教程》三、四册为教材，课程每周5学时，由读写（4学时）和听说（1学时）组成，共160学时。

二、教学基本要求与内容安排（一）教学目的与要求大学英语旨在帮助学生打下较扎实的语言基础，掌握良好的语言学习方法，增强自主学习能力，提高综合文化素养，使他们具有较强的英语综合应用能力，特别是听说能力，能用英语有效地进行口头和书面的信息交流，以适应社会发展、经济建设和国际交流的需要。

大学英语课程的任务是在既定的学时内，教师应完成本大纲所规定的教学任务，使学生在达到教学基本要求的基础上向较高要求过渡，并积极引导和鼓励有能力的学生，通过自主学习，力争达到较高层次的要求。

（二）教学内容安排本课程使用的教材是由外语教学与研究出版社出版的《新视野大学英语》（第二版）。

该教材教学内容经过进一步完善，几乎覆盖全部的四、六级词汇，注重不同语言技能间的联系和综合应用能力的培养，听、说、读、写、译的联系相辅相成。

大学英语科目的学习计划

大学英语科目的学习计划My study plan for university English courses includes a comprehensive approach to improving my language skills. I will divide my study plan into four main components: reading, writing, speaking, and listening.For reading, I plan to read a variety of English literature, including classic novels, contemporary fiction, and non-fiction works. I will also read English newspapers, magazines, and online articles to improve my reading comprehension and vocabulary.In terms of writing, I will practice writing essays, reports, and creative pieces on a regular basis. I will also seek feedback from my professors and peers to improve my writing skills. Additionally, I plan to keep a journalin English to practice my writing in a more informal setting.To improve my speaking skills, I will participate in class discussions, group projects, and presentations. Iwill also seek out opportunities to engage in conversationswith native English speakers, either in person or through language exchange programs.Finally, for listening, I will watch English-language films and TV shows, listen to podcasts and music, and participate in listening comprehension exercises. I will also make use of online resources and language learning apps to further develop my listening skills.Overall, I aim to dedicate a significant amount of time each day to studying English, and I plan to set specific, achievable goals to measure my progress. I am committed to actively seeking out opportunities to practice and improve my language skills both inside and outside the classroom.大学英语科目的学习计划包括全面提高语言能力的方法。

大学英语学习指南

Learning GuideComponents and Course OrganizationThere are four levels for New Standard College English to be used over the two years of English language instruction. Each level contains:•An Integrated Course•Word List•Listening and Speaking•Fast Reading•WorkbookEach week we have 3 periods for college English. Of course, it is impossible to cover all these materials. In fact, we will mainly deal with the integrated course. As to the other components, you will have to handle them by yourself after calss. However, they will be tested in our mid-term examination and final examination. For instance, one of the reading passages in the test paper is taken from the Fast Reading. Part of the listening materials is chosen from the textbook Listening and Speaking. I suggest that you should adapt your learning pace to our main pattern. In this semester, we will cover 8 units in the Integrated Course. That is to say, we will finish one unit in two weeks. Since there are 8 units in Fast Reading, you can finish one unit every two weeks. However, there are more than 8 units in Listening and Speaking, so you will have to allocate your time to adapt your self-study to the pace of the integrated course.How to Use the Teaching MaterialsThere are several types of college English, such as New Horizon College English, New Century College English. However,we choose New Standard College English as our major textbook. The main reason lies in the important principles embodied in the textbook.•It presents a balanced approach between language knowledge and language skills, so that you not only learn about English but also learn how to use the knowledge in interactive situations.•It develops effective communication strategies by integrating all the language skills of reading, writing, speaking and listening in a holistic way, which reflects real-life language use.•It encourages the development of intercultural awareness, to allow you to use your language knowledge and skills with speakers from differnt cultures.•It promotes a learner-centered approach, where you are encouraged to personalize the process of language acquisition, to make best use of the resources within your classroom as well as on line, and to develop learning strategies which are most appropriate to your personal requirements and circumstances.•It exposes you to the variety of language which is spoken and written in everyday situations today.•It develops critical thinking, which encourages you to look beyond the passages and consider the broader implications of what you have read or listened to.Course Design and SyllabusesThe course design adopts a multi-syllabus approach appropriate to you university students.The Syllabuses Include:•Themes, chosen for your interest and relevance. You are studying in China, but you havea desire to learn about countries and cultures around the world•Lexis, guided by the wordlist in the College English Curriculum Requirements(CECR) and supported by the Masmillian English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (2nd edition,2007) •Grammar and sentence patterns, presented in the context of the passage•Skills: reading, listening, speaking, writing and translating•Pronounciation, focusing on particular areas of difficulty for Chinese speakers of English •Intercultural awareness, through exposure to a wide variety of international issues as well as the linguisitc and non-linguisitc conventions, customs, traditions, attitudes and beliefs of cultures from all round the worldUnit Organization in the Integrated CourseThe unit follows a basic pattern: (let’s take Unit 1 as an example)•Starting point introduces the unit theme by a variety of speaking activities, including questionaires, discussion points and famous quotations.•Active reading (1)contains the first main reading passage and focuses on the words which should be learned either for receptive or productive use. There is preparation for reading and prediction work, a while-reading activity, and a Language and Culture box with information about cultural references in the passage which may be unfamiliar to you.Then there is a series of stages which focus on:Reading and understanding, in which the main ideas and detailed meaning of the passage is exploredDealing with unfamilair words, where there are three types of words and activities.The words in the tinted vocabulary box are words which are prescribed by the CECR wordlist, and the activities which accompany them are designed to explore their meaning and form. There are also lexical sets in the vocabulary box which are related to the topic. The final type of words are those which are beyond the required level, but which need to be understood in order to be able to understand the main idea of the passage. The accompanying activity encourages you to develop skills to deal with unfamilair words, both within and beyond the passage.Reading and interpreting, in which aspects of inference, style, and writer’s purpose are examined.Developing critical thinking, a series of questions which develop the ideas presented in the passage, and encourage independent thinking.Talking point is a short section where the unit theme is further explored by an oppertunity for less intensive discussion and interaction.Active reading (2) contains the second main reading passage, and covers the same stages as in Active Reading (1). The passage explores the unit theme from a different perspective and is written in a different genre from the passgae in Active reading (1). This ensures that you are exposed to a variety of viewpoints and genres.Talking point occurs again, and serves a similar function to the first Talking point.Language in use is designed to explore aspects of grammar and complex sentencepatterns which are presented in the two reading passages. There may also be extra information about particular words or expressions, or some work on collocations. The section finishes with translation from and into Chinese.Reading across cultures contains a passage which shows an aspect of cultral life, customs or behaviour in a country or culture other than China, and with which you may not be familair. There are comprehension questions and questions which provide an oppertunity for you to compare the cultrue shown in the passage with Chinese culture.Guided writing uses the passage in Reading across cultures as a model for writing practice. Aspects of language which are commonly found in written English, especially academic writing, are explored, and the section finishes with an activity designed to help you perform a new and unique piece of writing which practices the aspects of language explored earlier.Unit task provides a task which allows you to review all the language skills you have encountered in the whole unit.Unit file is a summary of the language points and skills presented in the unit.It can be found from the unit orgnization that all aspects of English learning are integrated into each unit, including listening and speaking. However, it is impossible to address all the aspects within class. Now you are college students, you have mastered the fundamental skills to deal with most of the content after class. In class we will mainly focus on Active Reading (1) or Active Reading (2). Even in that case we will concentrate on reading and interpreting, developing critical thinking instead of all stages. We hope this Integrated Course can enlarge your vocabulary, enhance your reading comprehension, broaden your vision, and above all, develop your critical thinking.附录1：教材特色一. 选材内涵丰富，语言鲜活地道，体现社会发展与时代特色在选材上结合新一代大学生的知识结构与思维特点，主题内容以人与人、人与自然、人与社会的关系为主线，涵盖生活、学习、情感等日常话题及政治、经济、历史、文化、科技等深层问题。

宁波大学英语辅修说明

外语学院关于辅修的说明
一：关于辅修证书的类别分为：
1．辅修课程证书需要修满10学分
2．辅修专业证书需修满20学分
3．辅修双专业证书需修满40学分（二外和实习为必修课）
4．辅修双学位证书需修满48学分（双专业的课程+毕业论文）
注意：双学位是辅修的一种，是辅修的最高成果，所有辅修都从辅修课程学起，逐渐向高一层次学习，学分累加。

二．关于辅修语种：通常所开的语种有英语、日语、德语、西班牙语。

其中英语、日语、德语可以辅修课程、专业及双专业、双学位，西班牙语可以修辅修课程。

学生可以在期末网上选课时（注:开课学院点击外语学院，班号:333333）了解具体每个学期开了什么语种。

三．关于选课:
1、学生要辅修某一语种，需填写辅修申请表经所在学院签字盖章后交到外语学院教务办。

2、辅修选课要按照培养方案进行，请在选课前了解培养方案的要求。

3、在期末选课时网上选课(注:开课学院点击外语学院,班号:333333)，就可以看到下学期所开的辅修课及上课时间、地点。

4、单独开班的辅修课程不算积点分，如同所有课程一样，一个课号为一个班，够20人开班。

5、关于费用，也是和其它课一样，是按学分收费，每学分75元，选了课，计财处才会扣费。

四．关于辅修证书的申请:
如果学够了所要求的学分，想要获取证书,学生必须在在校期间（通常大四上学期）到外语学院教务办登记。

（建议在三年内修完,离校后不予办理辅修证书）
外语学院教务办。

宁波大学英语专业语法学习笔记

专四必备语法一、时态、语态时态、语态需要掌握的要点：1.表达将来时的形式：(1)在时间、条件、让步从句中，一般现在时代替将来时，但要注意区别从句的类型，如：I’ll tell him when you will ring again. 我告诉他你什么时候再来电话。

(宾语从句) 比较：I’ll tell him when you ring again.你再打电话时我告诉他。

(状语从句) (2)在make sure, make certain, see (to it) 后的that从句中，谓语动词用一般现在时代替将来时，如：See to it that you include in the paper whatever questions they didn’t know the answer to last time.(include 不能用will include或其他形式) 2.完成时是时态测试的重点，注意与完成时连用的句型和时间状语：(1)by/between/up to/till +过去时间、since、by the time/when +表示过去发生情况的从句，主句用过去完成时。

如：We had just had our breakfast when an old man came to the door.Between 1897 and 1919 at least 29 motion pictures in which artificial beings were portrayed had been produced.(表示1919年时已发生的情况) (2)by +将来时间、by the time/ when +谓语动词是一般现在时的从句，主句用将来完成时。

如：By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed in Europe for two weeks.I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.(3)by now、since +过去时间、in/during/for/over/the past/last few(或具体数字)years/days/months，主句用现在完成时, 但在it is +具体时间since/before这一句型中，主句更多的时候不用完成时。

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