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Metaphors We Live By
HAPPY IS UP
SAD IS DOWN I’m feeling up. You are in high spirit. He’s really low these days. I fell into a depression
CONSCIOUS IS UP UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN I’m up already.
Lakoff&Johnson Metaphors We Live By(1980)
ARGUMENT IS WAR Your claims are indefensible.
He attack every weak point in my argument. His criticisms were right on target. I've never won an argument with him. He shot down all of my arguments. Life is a journey. The Internet is a highway .
References
Lakoff G. & Johnson M. Metaphors We Live By [M]. London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980. 李福印. 认知语言学概论 [M]. 北京: 北京大学出 版社, 2008.
束定芳. 认知语义学 [M]. 上海： 上海外语教育 出版社, 2008. 束定芳. 论隐喻的认知功能 [J]. 外语研究, 2001, (2).
Байду номын сангаас
A container metaphor is an ontological metaphor in which some concepts are represented as having an inside and outside and capable of holding something Land areas The visual field Events, actions, activities and states There’s a lot of land in Kansas He’s out of sight now. Are you in the race on Sunday?
谢谢观看
2014/11/07
The Classification and Cognitive Functions of Metaphor
Content
1
2 3 4
The Definition of Metaphor The Classification of Metaphor
The Cognitive Functions of Metaphor
Exercises
He attacked my argument fiercely. Inflation is eating up our profit. He’s at the top of his power.
Question
Is there any overlaps among these tree types? The mind is a machine.
References
Metaphor
What is metaphor?
It refers to a comparison between unlike things without the use of "like" or "as". This comparison is done between two things that are basically different but have something in common in some significant ways.
He’s under hypnosis.
He sank into a coma.
Physical basis: Dropping posture Physical basis: humans and most typically goes along with sadness and other mammals sleep lying down depression, erect posture with a and stand up when they awaken. positive emotional state.
Entity and Substances Metaphors It means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc, as entities and substances. Inflation is an entity.
Ontological metaphor Definition： A figure that provides ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc., as entities and substances . It contains two parts Container metaphors （容器隐喻） Entity and Substances Metaphors（ 实体和物质隐喻）
Lakoff&Johnson Metaphors We Live By(1980)
Classification
Structural metaphors（结构隐喻） Orientational metaphors（方位隐喻） Ontological metaphors（实体隐喻）
Structural metaphors Definition: Structural metaphor is defined as one concept is metaphorically structured in terms of another.
Cognitive cCcC Functions
Metaphor is the base of human concept organization system.
Metaphor is used as a tool for human to organize experience. Metaphor provides a new point of view for human to learn new things Metaphor is a form of analogy.
Orientational metaphors
Definition: Orientational metaphor is the one that does not structure one concept in terms of another but instead organizes a whole system of concepts with respect to one another.
What is metaphor composed of?
tenor（本体）
vehicle（喻体）ground（喻底）
A is B eg. Life is journey.
Definition
A metaphor is the understanding itself of one concept in terms of another.
Inflation makes me sick. We need to combat inflation. Inflation is backing us into a corner. speak/talk of the devil, here he is--- 说曹操，曹操到
Examples Container metaphors
HAPPY IS UP
SAD IS DOWN I’m feeling up. You are in high spirit. He’s really low these days. I fell into a depression
CONSCIOUS IS UP UNCONSCIOUS IS DOWN I’m up already.
Lakoff&Johnson Metaphors We Live By(1980)
ARGUMENT IS WAR Your claims are indefensible.
He attack every weak point in my argument. His criticisms were right on target. I've never won an argument with him. He shot down all of my arguments. Life is a journey. The Internet is a highway .
References
Lakoff G. & Johnson M. Metaphors We Live By [M]. London: The University of Chicago Press, 1980. 李福印. 认知语言学概论 [M]. 北京: 北京大学出 版社, 2008.
束定芳. 认知语义学 [M]. 上海： 上海外语教育 出版社, 2008. 束定芳. 论隐喻的认知功能 [J]. 外语研究, 2001, (2).
Байду номын сангаас
A container metaphor is an ontological metaphor in which some concepts are represented as having an inside and outside and capable of holding something Land areas The visual field Events, actions, activities and states There’s a lot of land in Kansas He’s out of sight now. Are you in the race on Sunday?
谢谢观看
2014/11/07
The Classification and Cognitive Functions of Metaphor
Content
1
2 3 4
The Definition of Metaphor The Classification of Metaphor
The Cognitive Functions of Metaphor
Exercises
He attacked my argument fiercely. Inflation is eating up our profit. He’s at the top of his power.
Question
Is there any overlaps among these tree types? The mind is a machine.
References
Metaphor
What is metaphor?
It refers to a comparison between unlike things without the use of "like" or "as". This comparison is done between two things that are basically different but have something in common in some significant ways.
He’s under hypnosis.
He sank into a coma.
Physical basis: Dropping posture Physical basis: humans and most typically goes along with sadness and other mammals sleep lying down depression, erect posture with a and stand up when they awaken. positive emotional state.
Entity and Substances Metaphors It means that human experiences with physical objects provide the basis for ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc, as entities and substances. Inflation is an entity.
Ontological metaphor Definition： A figure that provides ways of viewing events, activities, emotions, ideas, etc., as entities and substances . It contains two parts Container metaphors （容器隐喻） Entity and Substances Metaphors（ 实体和物质隐喻）
Lakoff&Johnson Metaphors We Live By(1980)
Classification
Structural metaphors（结构隐喻） Orientational metaphors（方位隐喻） Ontological metaphors（实体隐喻）
Structural metaphors Definition: Structural metaphor is defined as one concept is metaphorically structured in terms of another.
Cognitive cCcC Functions
Metaphor is the base of human concept organization system.
Metaphor is used as a tool for human to organize experience. Metaphor provides a new point of view for human to learn new things Metaphor is a form of analogy.
Orientational metaphors
Definition: Orientational metaphor is the one that does not structure one concept in terms of another but instead organizes a whole system of concepts with respect to one another.
What is metaphor composed of?
tenor（本体）
vehicle（喻体）ground（喻底）
A is B eg. Life is journey.
Definition
A metaphor is the understanding itself of one concept in terms of another.
Inflation makes me sick. We need to combat inflation. Inflation is backing us into a corner. speak/talk of the devil, here he is--- 说曹操，曹操到
Examples Container metaphors