sat重要单词词汇笔记学习笔记

大表词汇笔记学习笔记2012-3-9 16:15:00I was rather taken back by his rudeness.Takesb. aback 把某人弄个措手不及Aback ad. 向后突然的，猝不及防的Be taken aback= agitatedtake someone aback shock or surprise someone : he was taken aback by the sharpness in her voice.Abide=tolerate=endure=put up with=brookdure 持续 during2 [ trans. ] ( can/could not abide) informal be unable to tolerate (someone or something) : if there is one thing I cannot abide it is a lack of discipline.常用词笔记brook1. a small stream.Can we wade the brook?This important matter brooks no delay. 不容耽搁，2. tolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition) : Jenny would brook no criticism ofMatthew.Absolve=excuse=exculpate=exonerate 免罪，免责the pardon absolved them of any crimes.THE RIGHT WORDTo varying degrees, all of these words mean to free from guilt or blame, and some are most frequently heard in a legal or political context.Absolve is the most general term, meaning to set free or release—not only from guilt or blame, but from a duty or obligation (: absolved from her promise to serve on the committee) or from the penalties for a violation.Pardon is usually associated with the actions of a government or military official (: President Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon following his resignation in the wake of the Watergate scandal) and specifically refers to a release from prosecution or punishment. It is usually a legal official who decides to acquitsomeone—that is, release someone from a specific and formal accusation of wrongdoing (: the court acquitted the accused due to lack of evidence). Exonerate suggests relief (its origin suggests the lifting of a burden), often in a moral sense, from a definite charge so that not even the suspicion of wrongdoing remains (: completely exonerated from the accusation of cheating).A person who is vindicated is also off the hook, usually due to the examination of evidence (: she vindicated herself by producing the missing documents).Exempt has less to do with guilt and punishment and more to do with duty and obligation (: exempt from paying taxes).To forgive, however, is the most magnanimous act of all: It implies not only giving up on the idea that an offense should be punished, but also relinquishing any feelings of resentment or vengefulness (: “To erris human; to forgive divine”).Abstemious=stolid=stern=stoic=ascetic“We only had a bottle.”“Very abstemious of you.”Stolid 不动感情的，缺乏热情的 he was a rather stolid, serious type.3 Solid hard and firm not in the form of liquid or gas. 常见词笔记an ascetic life of prayer, fasting, and manual labor | a narrow, humorless, ascetic face.Mundane interests=creature comforts=carnal desireAccost v. 贸然上前搭讪，唐突的走近谈话approach and address (someone) boldly or aggressively : reporters accosted him in the street.•approach (someone) with hostility or harmful intent : he was accosted by a thief, demanding his money or his life.in demand sought after : all these skills aremuch in demand.on demand as soon as or whenever required : he promised us endless coffee on demand.approach and address (someone) with sexual intent : a man tried to accost the girl on her way to school.Acculturate axx cultureassimilate or cause to assimilate a different culture, typically the dominant one [ intrans. ] : those who have acculturated to the U.S. [ trans. ] : the next weeks were spent acculturating the field staff | [as adj. ] ( acculturated) an acculturated Cherokeeadjudicate make a formal judgment or decision about a problem or disputed matter : the committee adjudicates on all betting disputes | [ trans. ] the case was adjudicated in the Supreme Court.•act as a judge in a competition : we asked him to adjudicate at the local flower show.•[ trans. ] pronounce or declare judicially : he was adjudicated bankrupt.adjudication=determination=resolution=verdict prejudice=bias judicious=sagaciousadulate adult 类动词praise (someone) excessively or obsequiously. Obsequiously 巴结地，卑躬屈膝地His obsequious submission to his boss’s ideas disgusted his fellow workers.Adultery n,voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and a person who is not his or her spouse : she was committing adultery with a much younger man.Adulteraterender (something) poorer in quality by adding another substance, typically an inferior one : themeat was ground fine and adulterated with potato flour. See note at pollute .toady=sycophant=flatterer3today on or in the course of this present day : she's thirty today | he will appear in court today.•at the present period of time; nowadays: millions of people today cannot afford adequate housing.Toadynoun ( pl. toadies)a person who behaves obsequiously to someone important.verb ( toadies, toadied) [ intrans. ]act in an obsequious way : she imagined him toadying to his rich clients.Sycophant n. IP题Syc～secret phant声音a person who acts obsequiously toward someone in orderto gain advantage; a servile flatterer.He’s a coward, a traitor and a sycophant.Afoot ad1 in preparation or progress; happening or beginning to happen : [as predic. adj. ] plans are afoot for a festival.2 on foot : [as adv. ] they were forced to go afoot. There is a scheme afoot to put a motorway through the park.Aftereffect=aftermathAftermath n.1the consequences or aftereffects of an event, esp. when unpleasant : food prices soared in the aftermath of the drought.2 Farming new grass growing after mowing or harvest.Soarfly or rise high in the air : the bird spread itswings and soared into the air | figurative when she heard his voice, her spirits soared.•maintain height in the air without flapping wings or using engine power : the gulls soared on the summery winds.•increase rapidly above the usual level : the cost of living continued to soar | [as adj. ] ( soaring) the soaring crime rate.Aftereffectan effect that follows after the primary action of something : he was suffering the aftereffects of the drug.Ahistorical a否定与历史无关的ahistorical nostalgia that misunderstands cultural history.Ambiance=setting=context=surrounding=circumstances=environment=atmosphere=aura= 气氛，环境Amble=ramble=stroll=roamAmbidextrous(of a person) able to use the right and left hands equally well : few of us are naturally ambidextrous. •(of an implement) designed to be used by left-handed and right-handed people with equal ease.Amulet=talisman=lucky pieceAmulet;an ornament or small piece of jewelry thought to give protection against evil, danger, or disease. Talisman; an object, typically an inscribed ring or stone, that is thought to have magic powers and to bring good luck.Anecdotal/systematic anecdoteAnthem=hymn=eulogya rousing or uplifting song identified with a particular group, body, or cause : the song became the anthem for hippie activists.•(also national anthem) a solemn patriotic song officially adopted by a country as an expression of national identity.Anthropocentric 人类中心说Antithesis anti thesis理论／论文a person or thing that is the direct opposite of someone or something else : love is the antithesis of selfishness.•a contrast or opposition between two things : the antithesis between occult and rational mentalities.后面有关于神秘，超自然的整理。