2018年陕西省咸阳市中考英语模拟试卷和答案(4月份)

2018年陕西省咸阳市中考英语模拟试卷（4月份）一、听对话选答案．（共13小题，计15分）1．（1.00分）A．For 30 minutes．B．For 40 minutes．C．For 50 minutes．2．（1.00分）A．Her uncleB．Her brotherC．Her son3．（1.00分）A．In a new restaurant．B．At her homeC．At her friend's home4．（1.00分）A．She will drive the man there．B．She doesn't know the way．C．The man can walk there．5．（1.00分）A．LionsB．BearsC．Monkeys6．（1.00分）A．To the bookstore．B．To the sports shop．C．To the clothes shop．7．（1.00分）A．Being alone in the classroom．B．Speaking in front of her class．C．Asking the teachers questions．8．（1.00分）A．By car．B．By bus．C．By bike．9．（1.00分）A．￡12B．￡20C．￡2410．（1.00分）A．Next to the TVB．In the bookcaseC．Under his bed．11．（2.00分）11．What was the girl's father's first job？A．A doctorB．A workerC．A waiter12．Where did Aunt Beth work first？A．In a bookstoreB．In a school．C．In hospital．12．（3.00分）13．What sport did Bill play last week？A．VolleyballB．BasketballC．baseball14．How much should Lucy pay in the sports centre？A．＄140 a yearB．＄150 a yearC．＄200 a year15．When will Bill and Lucy go to the sports centre？A．Next MondayB．Next TuesdayC．Next Thursday．13．（10.00分）16．When is the football match？A．On MondayB．On Saturday．C．On Sunday．17．When will the match begin？A．At 3：00B．At 3：15C．At 3：4518．How will the player go to the sports ground？A．By taxiB．By busC．By train19．What colour football shirt is the player expected to wear？A．Red and white．B．Green and whiteC．Red and yellow．20．What is the coach's mobile number？A.699847．B.689946．C.688947．三、完形填空（共2小题，计20分）第一节：阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项．（共2小题，计10分）14．（10.00分）Dear Mum，It's time（21）us to have a hear﹣to﹣heart talk．You seem too （22）with me．You think I should be studying all （23）time．I know you want me to find a good job when I grow up，but that makes me feel quite pressed and I would like （24） a wonderful time too．You never think about fun things for me to do，like music sports and sightseeing．Two days ago，when I（25） a football game on TV，you asked me to stop and（26）to read my football magazines．You said I had to go to bed early．Yesterday was the（27）day because I lied to you．I bought some computer games and put them in my bag （28）you wouldn't see them．I told you I had done my homework．I know it was wrong to lie to you．But Mum，Idon't like what you （29）to me!I really love you，Mum，but I wish you could try not to be so （30）on me．I'm trying my best to be a good boy．Love，David．21．A．to B．for C．as D．at 22．A．strict B．strictly C．strictness D．more strictly23．A．a B．the C．an D．/24．A．to have B．have C．having D．to having 25．A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．is watching 26．A．don't allow B．didn't allow C．isn't allowed D．wasn't allowed 27．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst 28．A．such that B．so that C．while D．though 29．A．will do B．was doing C．have done D．does 30．A．hardly B．hard C．hardness D．harder 15．（10.00分）There were many mice（老鼠）in the house．Every day they were very happy．Then the （31）of the house got a cat．The cat killed many of the mice．The mice became very （32），but they could do nothing about it．They asked for （33）from other animals，but no one would help them．The oldest mouse was very clever．He said to the mice one day，"All the mice must come to my hole tonight．We are going to have a （34）and think about what we can do about this cat．"After dinner，all the mice came．Many mice spoke，but none knew （35）to do．At last，a clever young mouse stood up and said，"We must tie a bell（铃铛）to the cat．Then when the cat comes near，we will （36）the bell and run away and hide ourselves．So the （37）will not catch any more mice．The oldest mouse was happy and said，"Good idea! If any mouse thinks this （38）is good，please put up your paw（爪子）!"All the mice put up their paws．Then the oldest mouse said，"Who will tie the bell to the cat？"He looked around，（39）no mouse answered．He waited for a few minutes，but still no one answered．At last he said，"It is easy to say things，but it is （40）to do them．31．A．seller B．visitor C．owner D．teacher 32．A．sad B．happy C．tired D．hunger 33．A．food B．help C．harvest D．drink 34．A．rest B．class C．meeting D．want 35．A．what B．how C．which D．where 36．A．see B．hear C．watch D．notice37．A．cat B．Bell C．mouse D．mice 38．A．book B．idea C．letter D．mind 39．A．or B．but C．so D．and 40．A．easy B．interesting C．difficult D．fun四、阅读理解（共4小题，计20分）第一节：16．（5.00分）A PollutionHundreds of years ago，life was much harder than it is today．People didn't have modern machines．There was no modern medicine，either．Life today has brought new problems．One of the biggest is pollution （污染）．Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty．It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water．Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily．Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution．It's bad to all living things in the world．Cars，planes and factories all pollute our air every day．Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city．This kind of quilt is called smog（烟雾）．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution．Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away，they mustn't blow dirty smoke into the air．We need to do many other things．We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground．We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car．If there are fewer people driving，there will be less pollution．Rules are not enough．Every person must help to fight pollution．41．Hundreds of years ago，life was much harder than it is today because there were not many people42．Pollution is the biggest problem in today's life．43．The most serious kind of pollution is air pollution．44．Factories must clean their water after it is thrown away．45．From the passage we know that people are making rules in order to fight pollution．17．（3.00分）The population of the Earth is growing faster．It is important that we look after the Earth．We need it!The Earth gives us a lot of things．We also give the Earth a lot，but some of thethings are not good．In nature，when something dies，other animals and plants get food from it．Every animal or plant gives food for other animals or plants．However，animals can't get food from many of the things that we ‘give' the Earth．Animals and plants can't eat metal，plastic and glass．These things will stay in the ground for many，many years．Some rubbish is very dangerous for plants and animals．In some places，many animals live together．One animal makes food for many more animals．If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water，the plankton（浮游生物）can die．If there isn't any plankton，many animals have nothing to eat．So what can we do？Don't leave any rubbish in the countryside! Don't make so much rubbish!46．The Earth gives us．A．foodB．rubbishC．chemicalsD．pollution47．When something dies in nature，．A．water and grass are pollutedB．plastic and wood become foodC．other animals and plants get foodD．metal and glass stay in the ground48．We must to look after the Earth．A．put metal in the groundB．use more woodC．keep frogs in the waterD．make less rubbish18．（3.00分）Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day．In fact，sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language．In a way，it is﹣the language of science．You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story；you should not expect to read it easily and all at once．Instead，you mayhave to read it several times through，catching on the meaning of difficult words，going back over difficult sentences，and finally putting the whole thing together．Do not be discourages if the whole passage don't make sense to you at first．You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it．These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult：★1．Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn't make sense to you．★2．When a sentence doesn't make sense，go back and read it again more slowly．★3．Look for any word you don't know in the sentence．Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues（上下文线索）．If necessary，look them up in the dictionary．★4．Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on．Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said．★5．Finally，read the sentence again．Try to put it into simpler words．★6．Read through the passage once．Try to understand all the hard parts well．Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed．This helps you to put all ideas together．The stops sound a lot harder than they are．It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read．After you have done the best you can this way，you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher，if you have one．49．The underlined phrase "run into" means．A．work outB．come acrossC．look intoD．pass by50．From the passage，we can know．A．we should look up new words before readingB．it is sometimes difficult to read a science passageC．the six steps are helpful in learning spoken EnglishD．interesting stories help readers to improve their English51．The massage is mainly about．A．steps of studying scienceB．difficulties in reading scienceC．ways of reading science passages．D．researches on science and English19．（4.00分）In the West，some people believe that personality can be predicted according to the time of the year the person was born．From China comes the belief that the year of birth influences one's personality．In the past century，a new belief ahs arisen：the idea that personality is related to one's ABO blood type．People with blood type A，for example，are considered more likely to be serious，hard ﹣working，and quiet，while people with blood type O are likely to be popular and outgoing，yet often unable to finish what they start．Though this belief continues to be strong，some people question whether it is true．The blood﹣type personality theory（理论）started in Japan in 1927when Furukawa Take his noticed personality similarities and differences among his workers．This idea soon went out of fashion，but was brought back by a Japanese television host named Toshitaka Nomi in the 1970s．The belief is still strong in Japan and is increasingly popular in neighboring countries．Some young Koreans have taken to the theory．A recent study showed 76percent of Koreans aged between13and 64believing in the blood﹣type personality connection．Though most Asians might believe in the blood﹣type theory，for many it seems harmless and not something to be taken too seriously．Is the belief true？The scientists in Asia largely dismiss the belief as a modern﹣day superstition（迷信）．Most studies have failed to find any strong connection between blood and personality．Generally，scientists warn against making predictions or important decisions based on this questionable theory．52．The writer uses blood type A and O as an example to explain．A．the difference between to two blood typesB．the relationship between the two blood typesC．the influence of blood type on one's behaviorD．the connection between personality and blood type53．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2mean？A．It was lightly believed．B．It was brought to them．C．They liked and accepted it．D．They stole the idea from others54．Which of the following is true according to the passage？A．Most scientists in Asia don't believe in the theory．B．The blood﹣type theory began in Japan in the 1970s．C．The blood﹣type personality theory is about blood type．D．People don't change their personality to match the theory．55．What is the best title for the passage？A．Is the blood﹣type theory poplar？B．Is the personality changeable？C．Is it in your blood？D．Is it in you mind？五、完成句子（共5小题，计10分）20．（2.00分）他在汉语学习方面比他弟弟好得多．He is much Chinese than his brother．21．（2.00分）在去电影院的路上，她听到了这个好消息．She heard the good news to the cinema．22．（2.00分）让我们共同努力，把我们的国家建设的越来越美丽．Let's work hard together and make country．23．（2.00分）当玛丽还是个孩子的时候，她就自己学着洗衣服．When Marry was a little child she to wash her own clothes．24．（2.00分）看！Lisa和Jill的爸爸正在和英语老师交谈．Look!is talking with our English teacher．六、短文填空（共10空，计10分）用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成填空，使短文完整正确．（每个单词限用一次，每空只填一个词）25．（10.00分）Subject，mean，deal，never，possible，heart，achieve，one，decide，goodAs teenagers，you can have very big dreams like winning the Nobel Prize．You can also have small dreams．For example，you may just want to become one of the （61）students in your class．Once you have a dream，how do you （62）with it？Follow Your Heart by Australian writer Andrew Mattews tells us that making our dreams come true is the biggest challenge in our life．You may think you're not very good at some （63）in school，or that it is （64）for you to become a writer．These kinds of ideas stop you from （65）your dream，the book says．In fact，everyone can make his dream come true．The（66）thing you must do is to always remember your dream．Do keep your dream in your （67）．Keep telling yourself what you want every day and your dream will come true soon．You must also （68）give up your dream．You need to （69）what is the most important．Studying instead of watching TV will help you to get better exam results，and saving five yuan（70）you can buy a new book．Remember：if you put your heart into it，nothing is too difficult．七、任务型阅读（共1小题，计10分）26．（10.00分）Mr．Mason is standing in front of a car．He is looking at it．It is a beautiful car and it is very big．Mr．Mason likes big cars．A policeman is standing behind Mr．Mason．He is looking at the car，too．He is writing in a notebook （笔记本）．Now he is giving a piece of paper to Mr．Mason．Policeman：Excuse me，sir．Mr．Mason：Yes？Policeman：This is for you．Mr．Mason：What is it？Policeman：It's a ticket．Mr．Mason：A ticket？Policeman：Can you see the notice（布告）？Mr．Mason：Yes．Policeman：It says "NO PARKING"．You can't park your car here．Mr．Mason：This isn't my car．根据上面的内容完成下面的句子：71．The policeman is standing Mr．Mason．72．This policeman gives Mr．Mason a．73．Mr．Mason says that car isn't．74．"No Parking" means you can't your car here．75．The car is on the．八、补全对话（共2小题，计10分）A）根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话情景的句子抄写在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整．选项中有两项是多余的．．27．（5.00分）A：Good morning!（76）B：I'd like to buy a hat．A：Who is it for，please？Is it for you ，Madam？B：No，it's for my son．A：（77）B：Size 3．A：（78）B：It looks nice．（79）A：It's made of real fur．B：Good．（80）A：$8．B：It's a little expensive．But I will take it．Here's the money．A：Thanks．Goodbye．28．（5.00分）Mary：Good morning，doctor!Doctor：Good morning，（81）Mary：I've got a headache and running nose．Doctor：（82）Mary：Yes，I have．My temperature is a little high．Doctor：（83）Mary：Ever since last night．Doctor：Let me look over you．Mm…Don't worry．Nothing serious．I will give you some medicine．Mary：（84）Doctor：Take this medicine three times a day and drink plenty of water．You will be all right soon．Mary：Thank you，doctor．（85）Doctor：I hope you will be better soon．九、书面表达（共一题，计15分）29．（20.00分）环境问题：如今环境变得越来越糟糕，环境问题影响着人们的工作学习、生活等，而我们的工作、生活、生产等又使环境污染越来越严重…如何保护我们的环境？请以" How to protect/save our environment？"为题写一篇短文．提示：存在问题：1．水污染越来越严重；2．砍伐森林严重；3．大气污染严重；4．白色垃圾等．要求：1．不少于100词；2．语言流畅、表达正确、逻辑清晰．2018年陕西省咸阳市中考英语模拟试卷（4月份）参考答案与试题解析一、听对话选答案．（共13小题，计15分）1．（1.00分）A．For 30 minutes．B．For 40 minutes．C．For 50 minutes．【分析】略【解答】C2．（1.00分）A．Her uncleB．Her brotherC．Her son【分析】略【解答】C3．（1.00分）A．In a new restaurant．B．At her homeC．At her friend's home【分析】略【解答】B4．（1.00分）A．She will drive the man there．B．She doesn't know the way．C．The man can walk there．【分析】略【解答】C5．（1.00分）A．LionsB．BearsC．Monkeys【分析】略【解答】C6．（1.00分）A．To the bookstore．B．To the sports shop．C．To the clothes shop．【分析】略【解答】A7．（1.00分）A．Being alone in the classroom．B．Speaking in front of her class．C．Asking the teachers questions．【分析】略【解答】B8．（1.00分）A．By car．B．By bus．C．By bike．【分析】略【解答】C9．（1.00分）A．￡12B．￡20C．￡24【分析】略【解答】A10．（1.00分）A．Next to the TVB．In the bookcaseC．Under his bed．【分析】略【解答】B11．（2.00分）11．What was the girl's father's first job？A．A doctorB．A workerC．A waiter12．Where did Aunt Beth work first？A．In a bookstoreB．In a school．C．In hospital．【分析】略【解答】BC12．（3.00分）13．What sport did Bill play last week？A．VolleyballB．BasketballC．baseball14．How much should Lucy pay in the sports centre？A．＄140 a yearB．＄150 a yearC．＄200 a year15．When will Bill and Lucy go to the sports centre？A．Next MondayB．Next TuesdayC．Next Thursday．【分析】略【解答】ACB13．（10.00分）16．When is the football match？A．On MondayB．On Saturday．C．On Sunday．17．When will the match begin？A．At 3：00B．At 3：15C．At 3：4518．How will the player go to the sports ground？A．By taxiB．By busC．By train19．What colour football shirt is the player expected to wear？A．Red and white．B．Green and whiteC．Red and yellow．20．What is the coach's mobile number？A.699847．B.689946．C.688947．【分析】略【解答】BCBAC三、完形填空（共2小题，计20分）第一节：阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出最佳选项．（共2小题，计10分）14．（10.00分）Dear Mum，It's time（21）B us to have a hear﹣to﹣heart talk．You seem too （22）A with me．You think I should be studying all （23）B time．I know you want me to find a good job when I grow up，but that makes me feel quite pressed and I would like （24）A a wonderful time too．You never think about fun things for me to do，like music sports and sightseeing．Two days ago，when I（25）C a football game on TV，you asked me to stop and（26）B to read my football magazines．You said I had to go to bed early．Yesterday was the（27）D day because I lied to you．I bought some computer games and put them in my bag （28）B you wouldn't see them．I told you I had done my homework．I knowit was wrong to lie to you．But Mum，Idon't like what you （29）C to me!I really love you，Mum，but I wish you could try not to be so （30）B on me．I'm trying my best to be a good boy．Love，David．21．A．to B．for C．as D．at 22．A．strict B．strictly C．strictness D．more strictly 23．A．a B．the C．an D．/24．A．to have B．have C．having D．to having 25．A．watch B．watched C．was watching D．is watching 26．A．don't allow B．didn't allow C．isn't allowed D．wasn't allowed 27．A．bad B．badly C．worse D．worst 28．A．such that B．so that C．while D．though 29．A．will do B．was doing C．have done D．does 30．A．hardly B．hard C．hardness D．harder【分析】这是David写给妈妈的一封信，表达出他的心声，他觉得妈妈对他太严格了，他承诺自己会努力成为一个好孩子，但请求妈妈不要管他太严格了．【解答】21．B 考查介词辨析．A表示到；B表示对于；C表示作为；D表示在……．It's time for sb to do sth表示对某人来说是做某事的时候了，在此处表示对我们来说是做一次心连心的谈话的时候了．故选B．22．A 考查词性．A表示严格的，形容词；B表示严格地，副词；C表示严格，名词；D表示更严格地．be strict with sb表示对某人严格，在此处表示你似乎对我太严格了，故选A．23．B 考查固定搭配．all the time表示一直，在此处表示你觉得我应该一直学习，故选B．24．A 考查固定搭配．would like to do sth表示想做某事，在此处表示我也想有一个愉快的时光，所以填have的不定式to have，故选A．25．C 考查时间状语从句．这是when引导的时间状语从句，表示当主句动作发生时，从句动作正在发生，主句由asked可知时态是一般过去时，这里使用过去进行时，主语I是第一人称单数，be动词用was，后接watch的现在分词watching，故选C．26．B 考查对语境的理解．由You said I had to go to bed early．你说我得早点睡觉可知此处表示你叫我停止看比赛并且不同意我看我的足球杂志，主语you与动词allow是主谓关系，用主动语态，时态是一般过去时，didn't后加上allow的原形，故选B．27．D 考查形容词的最高级．结合语境可知此处表示昨天是最糟糕的一天，因为我对你说谎了，选D．A表示糟糕的，形容词；B表示糟糕的，副词；C表示更糟糕的；D表示最糟糕的，故选D．28．B 考查连词．so that表示以便于；while表示当……时；though表示虽然．结合语境可知此处表示我买了一些电脑游戏并将它们放在袋子里，以不让你看见它们，故选B．29．C 考查时态．此句句意为"但是妈妈，我不喜欢你对我所做的"，"所做的事情"指已经完成的动作并对现在造成的影响，要用现在完成时，选C．30．B 考查习惯用法．so表示如此，它的后面接形容词或副词的原形，选B．A 是副词原形，B是形容词原形；C是名词；D是形容词的比较级，空格处作表语，要用形容词，选B．15．（10.00分）There were many mice（老鼠）in the house．Every day they were very happy．Then the （31）C of the house got a cat．The cat killed many of the mice．The mice became very （32）A，but they could do nothing about it．They asked for （33）B from other animals，but no one would help them．The oldest mouse was very clever．He said to the mice one day，"All the mice must come to my hole tonight．We are going to have a （34）C and think about what we can do about this cat．"After dinner，all the mice came．Many mice spoke，but none knew （35）A to do．At last，a clever young mouse stood up and said，"We must tie a bell（铃铛）to the cat．Then when the cat comes near，we will （36）B the bell and run away and hide ourselves．So the （37）A will not catch any more mice．The oldest mouse was happy and said，"Good idea! If any mouse thinks this （38）B is good，please put up your paw（爪子）!"All the mice put up their paws．Then the oldest mouse said，"Who will tie the bell to the cat？"He looked around，（39）B no mouse answered．He waited for a few minutes，but still no one answered．At last he said，"It is easy to say things，but it is （40）C to do them．31．A．seller B．visitor C．owner D．teacher 32．A．sad B．happy C．tired D．hunger 33．A．food B．help C．harvest D．drink 34．A．rest B．class C．meeting D．want 35．A．what B．how C．which D．where 36．A．see B．hear C．watch D．notice 37．A．cat B．Bell C．mouse D．mice 38．A．book B．idea C．letter D．mind39．A．or B．but C．so D．and 40．A．easy B．interesting C．difficult D．fun【分析】主要介绍了为了防止猫继续吃老鼠，有老鼠建议在猫脖子上挂一铃铛，但没人敢去，也说明了说比做容易．【解答】31﹣35CABCA 36﹣40BABBC31．C 考查名词辨析．A售卖者；B参观者；C主人；D老师；根据of the house got a cat应该是房子主人有一只猫，故答案C．32．A 考查形容词辨析．A伤心；B开心；C累的；D饿的；根据上句The cat killed many of the mice．杀了很多老鼠，老鼠应该是非常伤心，故答案A．33．B 考查名词辨析．A食物；B帮助；C收获；D饮料；根据后面but no one would help them．但是没有人会帮助他们，应该是向其它动物求助，故答案B．34．C 考查名词辨析．A休息；B课；C会；D想；根据后面think about what we can do about this cat想想我们能为这只猫做些什么，应该是开个会，故答案C．35．A 考查连词辨析．A什么；B怎样；C哪个；D哪儿；根据Many mice spoke，but none knew （35）to do很多老鼠发言，但后面应该是不知道做什么，故答案A．36．B 考查动词辨析．A看见；B听见；C观看；D注意；根据后面the bell铃，可知猫来，应该是能听见铃声，故答案B．37．A 考查名词辨析．A猫；B铃；C老鼠；D老鼠，复数形式；根据后面will not catch any more mice再也捉不到老鼠了，应该指猫，故答案A．38．B 考查名词辨析．A书；B主意；C信；D想法；根据前面"Good idea!好主意，可知这个主意不错，故答案B．39．B 考查连词辨析．A或者；B但是；C所以；D和；根据"He looked around，（39）no mouse answered他环顾四周，（39）没有老鼠回答，表转折，故答案B．40．C 考查形容词辨析．A容易的；B有趣的；C困难的；D乐趣；根据It is easy to say things，but前面说说容易，后面but但是转折，应该是做困难，故答案C．四、阅读理解（共4小题，计20分）第一节：16．（5.00分）A PollutionHundreds of years ago，life was much harder than it is today．People didn't have modern machines．There was no modern medicine，either．Life today has brought new problems．One of the biggest is pollution （污染）．Water pollution has made our rivers and lakes dirty．It kills our fish and polluted our drinking water．Noise pollution makes us talk louder and become angry more easily．Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution．It's bad to all living things in the world．Cars，planes and factories all pollute our air every day．Sometimes the polluted air is so thick that it is like a quilt over a city．This kind of quilt is called smog（烟雾）．Many countries are making rules to fight pollution．Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away，they mustn't blow dirty smoke into the air．We need to do many other things．We can put waste things in the dustbin and not throw it on the ground．We can go to work by bus or with our friends in the same car．If there are fewer people driving，there will be less pollution．Rules are not enough．Every person must help to fight pollution．41．Hundreds of years ago，life was much harder than it is today because there were not many people B42．Pollution is the biggest problem in today's life．B43．The most serious kind of pollution is air pollution．A44．Factories must clean their water after it is thrown away．B45．From the passage we know that people are making rules in order to fight pollution．A【分析】这篇短文主要介绍了现代社会的污染问题，号召所有人通过实际行动与环境污染做斗争．【解答】41．B 细节判断题．根据第一行句子Hundreds of years ago，life was much harder than it is today．People didn't have modern machines．There was no modern medicine，either．几百年前，生活比今天艰难得多．人们没有现代化的机器．也没有现代医学．可知几百年前，生活比今天艰难得多因为没有多少人是错误的．故答案为B．42．B细节判断题．根据第二行句子Life today has brought new problems．One of the biggest is pollution （污染）．今天的生活带来了新的问题．其中最大的一个是污染．可知污染是当今生活中最大的问题是错误的，是其中之一，故答案为B．43．A细节判断题．根据第三行句子Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution．空气污染是最严重的污染．可知最严重的污染是空气污染．故答案为A．44．B细节判断题．根据第五行句子Factories must now clean their water before it is thrown away，工厂现在必须在排放废水之前净化废水．可知工厂现在必须在排放废水之后净化废水是错误的．故答案为B．45．A细节判断题．根据第五行句子Many countries are making rules to fight pollution．许多国家正在制定防治污染的规则．和最后一行句子Rules are not enough．Every person must help to fight pollution．规则是不够的，每个人都必须帮助对抗污染．可知从文章中我们知道人们在制定规则以对抗污染．故答案为A．17．（3.00分）The population of the Earth is growing faster．It is important that we look after the Earth．We need it!The Earth gives us a lot of things．We also give the Earth a lot，but some of the things are not good．In nature，when something dies，other animals and plants get food from it．Every animal or plant gives food for other animals or plants．However，animals can't get food from many of the things that we ‘give' the Earth．Animals and plants can't eat metal，plastic and glass．These things will stay in the ground for many，many years．Some rubbish is very dangerous for plants and animals．In some places，many animals live together．One animal makes food for many more animals．If we put rubbish and chemicals in the water，the plankton（浮游生物）can die．If there isn't any plankton，many animals have nothing to eat．So what can we do？Don't leave any rubbish in the countryside! Don't make so much rubbish!46．The Earth gives us A．A．foodB．rubbishC．chemicalsD．pollution47．When something dies in nature，C．A．water and grass are pollutedB．plastic and wood become foodC．other animals and plants get foodD．metal and glass stay in the ground48．We must D to look after the Earth．A．put metal in the groundB．use more woodC．keep frogs in the waterD．make less rubbish【分析】本文主要讲述地球和人类的关系，地球会为我们提供足够的资源，但是我们所丢的垃圾对地球和其他生物不利．【解答】46．A，细节理解题，根据The Earth gives us a lot of things可知地球会给予我们很多东西，由下文可知包括食物，故选A．47．C，细节理解题，根据In nature，when something dies，other animals and plants get food from it可知自然条件下，一种生物的死亡会为其他生物带来食物，故选C．48．D，细节理解题，根据So what can we do？Don't leave any rubbish in the countryside! Don't make so much rubbish!可知若想保护地球，要少扔垃圾，故选D．18．（3.00分）Many textbooks are not written in the kind of English that we speak every day．In fact，sometimes the reading is so difficult that it almost seems like a foreign language．In a way，it is﹣the language of science．You should not expect to be able to read a difficult science passage the same way you read an interesting story；you should not expect to read it easily and all at once．Instead，you may have to read it several times through，catching on the meaning of difficult words，going back over difficult sentences，and finally putting the whole thingtogether．Do not be discourages if the whole passage don't make sense to you at first．You need to pick it apart patiently until you can understand it．These are the steps to follow when you are reading something difficult：★1．Start to read normally until you run into a sentence that doesn't make sense to you．★2．When a sentence doesn't make sense，go back and read it again more slowly．★3．Look for any word you don't know in the sentence．Try to understand their meanings using word parts and context clues（上下文线索）．If necessary，look them up in the dictionary．★4．Look at the next few sentences to see if they explain more about the sentence you are working on．Do not read very much farther ahead until you understand what is being said．★5．Finally，read the sentence again．Try to put it into simpler words．★6．Read through the passage once．Try to understand all the hard parts well．Then read the whole passage once more at a usual speed．This helps you to put all ideas together．The stops sound a lot harder than they are．It is really just the normal way good readers understand anything that is difficult to read．After you have done the best you can this way，you should always feel free to ask for help from your teacher，if you have one．49．The underlined phrase "run into" means B．A．work outB．come acrossC．look intoD．pass by50．From the passage，we can know C．A．we should look up new words before readingB．it is sometimes difficult to read a science passageC．the six steps are helpful in learning spoken EnglishD．interesting stories help readers to improve their English51．The massage is mainly about C．。