高级英语第二册修辞汇总
(完整word版)高级英语第三版第二册1—6课修辞
Lesson11 The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2 They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3 It was on such an occasion the other evening, as the conversation moved desultorily here and there, from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter, without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once they was a focus.—metaphor4 The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5 Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6 When E.M. Forster writes of ―the sinister corridor of our age,‖we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.—metaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—historical present, transferred epithet3 Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.—simileLesson31 Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed, and towhich we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2 Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, suppor any friend, oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3 United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a power ful challenge at odds and split asunder. —antithesis4 …in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5 Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6 All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion, climax7 And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, windingLesson41 Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays, unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old China and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2 Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.—metaphor, hyperbole3 Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.—antithesis4 What’s Polly to me, or me to Polly?—parody5 This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6 Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor, extended metaphor Lesson51 The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young: memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy, of the brave denunciation of Puritan morality, and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road; questions about the naughty, jazzy parties, the flask-toting‖sheik‖, and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the ―flapper‖and the ―drug-store cowboy‖.—transferred epithet2 Second, in the United States it was reluctantly realized bysome—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3 War or no war, as the generations passed, it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4 The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure, and by precipitation our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which, after the shooting was over, were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5 The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States, and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens, and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt, our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6 Their energies had been whipped up and their naive destroyed by the war and now, in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country, they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had “made the world safe for democracy‖.—metaphor7 After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and‖Puritanical‖gentility, should flock to the traditional artisticcenter(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength, to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers, and to give all to art, love, and sensation.—metonymy synecdoche8 Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation, who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9 These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things, but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where‖they do things better.‖—personification, metonymy ,synecdocheLesson61 A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2 The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these peopleoff from humanity.—transferred epithet3 So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil andluxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor。
高级英语第二册修辞(张汉熙版)
高级英语第二册修辞高英下册部分课中的修辞手法的运用未注明的句子修辞均为metaphor…no one has any idea where it will go a s it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side…They are like the musketeers of Dumas…(simile)…did not delve into each other..…suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,…The glow of the conversation burst into flames.The conversation was on wings.,we should think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasants.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and floated to the ends of the earth. (simile)Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there.We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest.Symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change(parallelism and repetition)..to assist free men and free government…（repetition）.friend and foe (alliteration)Pay any price, bear any burden.. (alliteration)Survival and success of liberty. (alliteration)United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do for we dare not a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.(antithesis) If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich(antithesis)Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us. (antithesis)Let us never negotiate out of fear but let us never fear to negotiate.(chiasmus)Ask not what your country can do for you but ask what you can do for your country. (chiasmus)..in the past, those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intend to remain the master of its own house...to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak.And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicionThe energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s frontier.Could Ruskin do more?(rhetorical question)Cool was I and logical (Inversion/irony)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel (simile, hyperbole, and parallelism, irony)My brain ,…slipped into high gearIt is, after all, to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.(antithesis),.. desire waxing, resolution waning.(antithesis)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object.来源于网络It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect (hyperbole)He just stood and stared at with a mad lust at the coat. (hyperbole)You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)..the raccoon coat huddled like a hairy beast at his feet. (simile)..logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.(synecdoche)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein.(Antonomasia)…prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality.The war acted as merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure.After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry (metonymy, antonomasia).. to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth”,…now began to imitate the manners imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.When it did, I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him…a writer, when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous, unending and unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles and proving that he is justa “regular guy” that he realizes how crippling this habit has beenAn American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder by means of pure ….. and it is not easy for him to step out of that lukewarm bathIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky(simile)He needs sustenance for his journey来源于网络。
(完整版)高级英语第二册第三版第三课InauguralAddress修辞汇总
1.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.。
《高级英语》复习资料 The Review of Advanced English2
The Review of Advanced English (Book 1)一、修辞（rhetoric）Ⅰ. 修辞手法：1）明喻（simile）是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比，表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系，两者都在对比中出现。
常用比喻词like, as, as if, as though等。
2）隐喻（metaphor）这种比喻不用比喻词进行，而直接将甲事物当作乙事物来描写，甲乙两事物之间的联系和相似之处是暗含的。
3）提喻（synecdoche）又称举隅法，主要特点是局部代表全体，或以全体喻指部分，或以抽象代具体，或以具体代抽象。
[用部分代整体，有隶属关系]4）借代（metonymy）是指两种不同事物并不相似，但又密不可分，因而常用其中一种事物名称代替另一种。
[用部分代整体，非隶属关系]5）拟人（personification）这种修辞方法是把人类的特点、特性加于外界事物之上，使之人格化，以物拟人，以达到彼此交融，合二为一。
6）叠言（rhetorical repetition）这种修辞法是指在特定的语境中，将相同的结构，相同意义词组成句子重叠使用，以增强语气和力量。
7）双关语（pun）是以一个词或词组，用巧妙的办法同时把互不关联的两种含义结合起来，以取得一种诙谐有趣的效果。
8）拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言显得生动，富有表现力。
9）讽刺（irony）是指用含蓄的褒义词语来表示其反面的意义，从而达到使本义更加幽默，更加讽刺的效果。
10）通感（synesthesia）是指在某个感官所产生的感觉，转到另一个感官的心理感受。
11）alliteration（头韵）：在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
assonance（腹韵）：相同或相近的元音在诗行中重复出现；consonance（假韵）：两个以上词的词尾辅音完全一致，但其前面的元音不相同；the end rhyme(尾韵)：诗行与诗行之间在末尾的压韵/ 尾韵/脚韵12）anadiplosis（联珠）：将一个或一组单词重复多遍；anticlimax（突降法）：也叫先扬后抑。
(完整word版)高级英语各单元修辞
英语修辞手法总结1) Simile：(明喻）是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。
明喻的表达方法是：A像B。
2) Metaphor：(暗喻)是本体和喻体同时出现，它们之间在形式上是相合的关系，说甲（本体）是（喻词）乙（喻体）。
喻词常由：是、就是、成了、成为、变成等表判断的词语来充当。
暗喻又叫隐喻。
例如：何等动人的一页又一页篇章！这是人类思维的花朵。
（徐迟《哥德巴赫猜想》）3) Analogy: (类比)是基于两种不同事物间的类似,借助喻体的特征,通过联想来对本体加以修饰描摩的一种文学修辞手法。
4) Personification: (拟人)把事物人格化，把本来不具备人的一些动作和感情的事物变成和人一样的。
就像童话里的动物、植物能说话，能大笑。
5) Hyperbole: (夸张)是指为了达到强调或滑稽效果，而有意识的使用言过其实的词语，这样的一种修辞手段。
夸张法并不等于有失真实或不要事实，而是通过夸张把事物的本质更好地体现出来。
6) Understatement: (含蓄陈述）7) Euphemism: (委婉）是指为了策略或礼貌起见,使用温和的,令人愉快的,不害人的语言来表达令人厌恶的,伤心或不宜直说的事实,8) Metonymy:(转喻）是指当甲事物同乙事物不相类似，但有密切关系时，可以利用这种关系，以乙事物的名称来取代甲事物，这样的一种修辞手段。
转喻的重点不是在“相似”；而是在“联想”。
转喻又称换喻，或借代。
9) Synecdoche (提喻）是不直接说某一事物的名称，而是借事物的本身所呈现的各种对应的现象来表现该事物的这样一种修辞手段。
10) Antonomasia (换喻）一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法11) Pun: (双关语）指在一定的语言环境中，利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义，言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。
高级英语2修辞手法汇总
Rhetorical Devicessimile 明喻metaphor 暗喻hyperbole 夸张metonymy 转喻synecdoche 借喻mixed metaphor 混合暗喻personification 拟人antithesis 对仗parallelism 排比transferred epithet 转移修饰alliteration 押头韵onomatopoeia 拟声词1.The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (mixed metaphor)2.Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think barconversation has a charm of its own. (hyperbole)3.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairshave broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (metaphor)4.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side byside with each other, did not delve into each other's lives.(simile & metaphor)5.The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)6.The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)7.Is the phrase in Shakespeare? (synecdoche)8.…that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at oncethere was a focus.（metaphor）9.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock.（simile）10.The King's English slips and slides in conversation.（alliteration）11.the sinister corridor of our age（metaphor）我们的时代罪恶的走廊12.Other people may celebrate the lofty conversations in which the greatminds are supposed to have indulged in the great salons of 18th century.（synecdoche）13. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries.（metaphor）14. Otherwise one will bind the conversation. （metaphor）15. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to theNorman Conquest. （metaphor）16.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like aderelict building-lot.（simile）17.…and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like brokenbrick.（simile）18. Are they really the same flesh as your self ?（synecdoche）19.They sweat and starve for a few years.（alliteration）20.…and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, likeclouds of flies. （simile）21. …turning chair-legs at lightning speed. (hyperbole)22.There was a frenzied rush of Jews.（transferred epithet）23.…are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. （simile）24.A white skin is always fairly conspicuous.（synecdoche）25.The soil is exactly like broken-up brick .（simile）26.…winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of ironwheels.（onomatopoeia）27.Their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood.（simile）28.And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column.（simile）29.…while the great white birds drifted ov er them in the opposite direction，glittering like scraps of paper.（simile）30.friend and foe（alliteration）31.（metonymy）32.We shall pay any price, bear any burden…（alliteration）33.United，there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided，there is little we can do，for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder.（antithesis）只要我们团结一致，我们将无所不能，完成众多的合作事业；一旦我们分歧对立，我们将一事无成，因为我们不敢遇见一个与我们意见相左的强大挑战，最后导致四分五裂。
高级英语第二册修辞汇总
• 2、The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. (P2)
Lesson 1
Face to Face with Hurricane Camille
马莺歌
Figures of speech
1. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. (Para. 4) metaphor 2. Wind and rain now whipped the house. (Para. 7) personification 、metaphor 3. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (Para.11) simile
6. “We can batten down and ride it out,” he said. 封舱 安然度过
采取果断行动以迎接困难
7. The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. 有条理地
8. …asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks.待到结束
高级英语修辞手法考点
11. There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman. synecdoche
'Both'一词一语双关，既指拿破仑和这位士兵都是疯子，又指这位战士参加过拿破仑指挥的两次战役。
九、拟声（onomatopoeia）是摹仿自然界中非语言的声音，其发音和所描写的事物的声音很相似，使语言 显得生动，富有表现力。
1、On the root of the school house some pigeons were softly cooing.
2、... Because good technique in medicine and surgery means more quickly—cured patients, less pain, less discomfort, less death, less disease and less deformity.
the wit and learning=the wise and learned scholars
4)以具体代表抽象 the concrete for the abstract
There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of a Frenchman.
用senior citizens代替old people
用 a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替 fat people
用mental hospital 代替 madhouse或者 asylum
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳
高级英语修辞手法总结归纳修辞是语言使用中的重要技巧，通过巧妙运用各种修辞手法，能使语言表达更为生动、有力或富有韵味。
以下是对常见的高级英语修辞手法的总结归纳：一、隐喻与明喻隐喻是将一个词或短语用来暗示另一个事物，而明喻则是直接将一个事物与另一个事物进行比较。
例如，“他像一只狮子一样勇猛”（明喻）和“爱情是一座城堡”（隐喻）。
二、拟人及拟物拟人是赋予非生物或抽象事物以人的特性，而拟物则是赋予人或动物以非生物的特性。
例如，“河流唱着轻快的歌曲”（拟人）和“他的怒火如野兽般狂暴”（拟物）。
三、排比与对偶排比是将三个或以上结构相似、意义相近的词、短语或句子并列使用，以增强语势。
对偶则是将意义相对或相反的词、短语或句子进行对比，以突出主题。
例如，“生命在于运动，死亡在于静止”（对偶）和“他跨越了山岭，穿越了沙漠，走过了平原”（排比）。
四、反复与交错反复是将相同的词、短语或句子重复使用，以强调某种情感或主题。
交错则是将不同的词、短语或句子相互交替使用，以达到特定的表达效果。
例如，“永远、永远、永远不要放弃”（反复）和“是与否，对与错”（交错）。
五、借代与提喻借代是用一个事物的某一部分来代替整体或其他部分，而提喻则是用整体来代替某一部分或用类属来代替个体。
例如，“我要用笔墨写下永恒”（借代）和“人是一本书”（提喻）。
六、反讽与戏谑反讽是通过说反话或正话反说来达到讽刺的效果，戏谑则是用幽默诙谐的语言来戏弄或嘲笑某人或某事。
例如，“他是一个天生的傻瓜”（反讽）和“爱情是人生的蜜糖”（戏谑）。
七、矛盾修辞法矛盾修辞法是将相互矛盾的概念或形象结合在一起，以引起读者的思考或表达复杂的情感。
例如，“孤独的狂欢”，“死亡的生命”。
八、头韵与脚韵头韵是使用相同或相似的音韵开头，脚韵是使用相同或相似的音韵结尾。
例如，“美丽的美女”（头韵）和“生活是一首歌”（脚韵）。
九、夸张与弱化夸张是通过夸大事实或形象来强调某种情感或主题，弱化则是通过缩小事实或形象来淡化某种情感或主题。
高级英语 修辞手法总汇 复习
一、词语修辞格（1）simile 明喻①...a memory that seemed phonographic②Most American remember M. T. as the father of...（2）metaphor 暗喻①the last this intermezzo came to an end…②Mark Twain --- Mirror of America③saw clearly ahead a black wall of night...④main artery of transportation in the young nation's heart⑤All would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...⑥When railroads began drying up the demand...⑦...the epidemic of gold and silver fever...⑧Twain began digging his way to regional fame...⑨Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles...⑩The Duchess of Croydon kept firm, tight rein on her racing mind.⑪and launch this cataract of horrors upon mankind…⑫I see the German bombers and fighters in the sky, still smarting from many a British whipping, delighted to find what they believe is an easier and a safer prey.⑬I see the Russian soldiers standing on the thresthold of their native land, guarding the fields which their fathers have tilled from time immemorial.⑭The Nazi regime is devoid of all theme and principle except appetite and racial domination.⑮I suppose they will be rounded up in hordes.⑯We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God’s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke.（3）metonymy 借代，转喻（4）synecdoche 提喻①The case had erupted round my head（5）personification 拟人①...to literature's enduring gratitude...②The grave world smiles as usual...③Bitterness fed on the man...④America laughed with him.⑤Personal tragedy haunted his entire life.（6）transferred epithet 移就①Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder②The obese body shook in an appreciative chuckle.③Two high points of color appeared in the paleness of the Duchess of Croydon’s cheeks.（7）hyperbole 夸张①If Hitler invaded Hell and would make at least a favorable reference to the Devil in the House of Commons.②...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...③The cast of characters... - a cosmos.④America laughed with him.⑤The trial that rocked the world⑥His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world."（8）oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Dudley Field Malene called my conviction a, "victorious defeat. "（9）euphemism 委婉语①… a motley band of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.②...men's final release from earthly struggle（10）irony -- the use of words to expresssomething different from and often opposite to theirliteral meaning. 反语用词语表达与它们的字面意思相异或相反的用法①Hiroshima—the ―liveliest‖ city in Japan②… until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century（11）sarcasm -- a cutting, often ironic remarkintended to wound. 讽刺，挖苦意在伤害他人的尖刻的，常带讽刺意味的话语①There is some doubt about that.（12）pun 双关①DARWIN IS RIGHT – INSIDE.二、结构修辞格（13）antithesis 对比①Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe…②"The Christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below③...between what people claim to be and what they really are.④...took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land...⑤...a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever（14）rhetorical question 修辞疑问句①Was I not at the scene of the crime?②Who ever knew a Johnson with a quick tongue? Who can even imagine me looking a strange white man in the eye?③In what conceivable way does our car concern you?三、音韵修辞格（15）头韵法（alliteration）在文句中有两个以上连结在一起的词或词组，其开头的音节有同样的字母或声音，以增强语言的节奏感。
高级英语（2）修辞格汇总
高级英语（2）修辞格汇总Simile1.They are like the musketeers of Dumas … their thoughts and feelings.2.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion…ends of the earth.3.…like clouds of flies.4.Everything is done… like inverted capital Ls…5.And really it was like watching a …armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.6.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as achemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.7.Same age,… but dumb as an ox.8.Peter lay … coat huddled like a great hairy…9.It was like digging a tunnel.10.I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.11.Grandmother Macleod, her delicately featured face as rigid asa cameo…12.… the fragrant globes hanging like miniature scarlet lanternson the thin hairy stems.13.At night the lake was like black glass…14.The jukebox was booming like tuneful thunder…metaphor1.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their l ove affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.2.…did not delve intoeach other’s lives or the recesses of their t houghts and feeling.3.It was on such … suddenly the alchemy of conversation … was a focus.4.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.5.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.6.The conversation was on wings.7.As we listen…to think ourselves back into the shoes of th e Saxon peasant.8.I have an unending love affair with dictionaries…of common sense.9.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.10.When E.M.Forster writes of -the sinister corridor of our age,we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.11.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone.12.Down the centre…a little river of urine.13.…in the past,…by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.14.But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.15.And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.16.…we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective, to strengthen its shieldof the new and the weak…17.… yet both… stays the hand of mankind’s final war.18.And if a beached of cooperation may push…19.The energy, the faith… will light our… and the glow from that fire can truly light the world.20.… unfettered the informal… children.21.There follows… frontier.22.Read, then, the following… demonstrate that logic…23.“In other words, if you were out the picture, the field would be open.24.First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif ata bakery window.25.I fought off a wave of despair.26.Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.27.The first man has poisoned the well befor e…28.He has hamstrung his opponent before he could…29.Frantically I thought back the tide of panic…30.The rat!31.… through the filigree of the spruce trees…32.…. and my new awareness that Piquette sprang from the people of…33.… with a streak of amber which was the path of the moon.mixed metaphor1.The charm of conversation is…it will go as it meanders or leapsand sparkles or just glows.2.My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metonymy 转喻，借代1.Is the phrase in Shakespeare?2.… but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.3.Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.4.You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.… those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons fromour neat world of summer cottages and the lighted lamps of home.synecdoche提喻1.Other people may…in which the great minds are supposed…2.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.3.… actually has… a white skin.4.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadlyatom…5.There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.6.The damn bone’s flared up again.alliteration1.Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.2.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years,…are gone.3.She accepted her…as a beast of burden.4.Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike…5.…both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadlyatom…6.…but a call to bear the burden of a long…7.… the same high standards of strength and sacrifice…antithesis 对比1.We observe today …symbolizing an end as well as abeginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2.For man holds… human poverty and …human life.3.United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meeta power ful challenge at odds and split asunder.4.Let us never negotiate out of fear , but let us never fear to negotiate.5.... not as a call to bear… but a call to …6.It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart thanto make an ugly smart girl beautiful.7.Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolutionwaning.8.If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovableobject. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force.9.Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, aman with an assured future. Look at Petey--- a knothead, a ji tterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is com ing from.parallelism1.Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that weshall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,suppo r any friend,oppose any foe ,to assure thesurvival and the su ccess of liberty.repetition 反复1.For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we becertain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.personification1．The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind…not like me.2．The two grey squirrels were still there, gossiping at us…3．The water was always icy, for the lake was fed by springs…transferred epithet 移就1. A carpenter sitscross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2.Instantly, from…there was a frenzied rush of Jews...cigarette.3.I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.4.…meticulously turning it round and round in his small andcurious hands.5.Piquette looked at me from her large dark unsmiling eyes.6.… I was ashamed, ashamed of my own timidity, the frightenedtendency to look the other way.7.Her defiant face, momentarily, became unguarded andunmasked…exaggeration/ hyperbole 夸张1.Perhaps it because of my upbringing in English pubs…its own.2.My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as achemist’s scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.3.It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect.4.… he just … with mad lust…5.You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the starsand the constellations of outer space.6.... dresses that were always miles too long.7.… those voices belonged to a world separated by aeons fromour neat world…Elliptical sentence1.The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.2.No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind.3.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen,not even inquisitive.4.Emotional type. Unstable. Impression. Worst of all, a faddist.5.‘I n the library,’…6.Peter, why?....7.“Anything?” I asked, looking at him narrowly.8.Beautiful she was.9.One more chance…10.But just one more.11.Hasty Generalization12.Ad Misericordiam13.After he promised, after he made a deal, after he shook myhand!Rhetorical questions1.Are they really the same flesh as …or coral insects?Onomatopoetic1.As the storks …winding up the road with a clumping of bootsand a clatter of iron wheels.Understatement1.I am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact.2.This lo oked as a project of a small dimensions,…Sarcasm1.Anyone can be sorry…owing to some kind of accident of oreven… of sticks.Contrast1.As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marchingsouthward…Inverted sentence1.In your hands, my fellow citizens,…2.Cool was I and logical.3.One more chance…4.Five grueling nights this took,…Double negation1.It was not be thought that I was without love for this girl.Analogy1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr hadfashioned, so I loved mine.2.I did not know what had happened to the birds. Perhaps theyhad gone away to some far place of belonging. Perhaps they had been unable to find such a place, and had simply died out, having ceased to care any longer whether they lived or not.Allusion1.Just as Pygmalion loved the perfected woman hr hadfashioned, so I loved mine.2.I was not Pygmalion; I was Frankenstein…。
高级英语-第二册-修辞-最全整理
高级英语第二册修辞Lesson 11The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks,or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern.—metaphor2They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived side by side with each other,did not delve into,each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.—simile3It was on such an occasion te other evening,as the conversation moved desultorily here and there,from the most commonplace to thoughts of Jupiter,without and focus and with no need for one that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place,and all at once there was a focus.—metaphor4The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.—simile5Even with the most educated and the most literate,the King’s English slips and slides in conversation.—metaphor ,alliteration6When E.M.Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,”we sit up at the vividness of the phrase,the force and even terror in the image.—metaphor7. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. Metaphor, personification8. Perhaps above all, one would not have been engaged by interest in the musketeer who raised thesubject, wondering more about her. Metaphor9. and no one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. Metaphor10 The conversation is on the wings. Metaphor11. They did not delve into each other’s lives or the recesses of t heir thoughts and feelings. Metaphor12. The glow of the conversation burst into flames.MetaphorLesson21 The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys,no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels,wailing a short chant over and over again.—elliptical sentence2 A carpenter sits-cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe,turning chair-legs at lightning speed.—,transferred epithet3 Still,a white skin is always fairly conspicuous.—synecdoche4 As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long,dusty column,infantry,screw-gun batteries,antitheft more infantry,four or five thousand men in all,winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.—onomatopoetic words symbolism5 Not hostile,not contemptuous,not sullen,not even inquisitive.—elliptical sentence6 And really it was like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column,a mile or two miles of armed men,flowing peacefully up the road,while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction,glittering like scraps of paper.—simile7 … there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards,all clamoring for a cigarette. Transferred epithet8. four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter ofiron wheels. Onomatopoeia9. Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects?Rhetorical question10. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowly across the fields. Simile11. Sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.simileLesson 31Let the word go forth from this time and place,to friend and foe alike,that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans,born in this century,tempered by war,disciplined by a hard and bitter peace,proud of our ancient heritage,and unwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed,and to which we are committed today at home and around the world.—alliteration2Let every nation know,whether it wishes us well or ill,that we shall pay any price,bear any burden,meet any hardship,support any friend,oppose any foe to assure the survival and the success of liberty.—parataxis consonance3United,there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures.Divided,there is little we can do,for we dare not meet a power full challenge at odds and split asunder.—antithesis4…in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.—metaphor5Let us never negotiate out of fear,but let us never fear to negotiate.—regression6All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days.—historical allusion,climax7And so,my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you;ask what you can do for your country.—contrast, winding8. Together let us explore the stars, conquer the deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce. Parallelism9. We shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foeto assure the survival and the success of liberty. Parallelism (or parallel structure) and Alliteration10. And if a beachhead of co-operation my push back the jungle of suspicion, let both sides joinin creating a new endeavor. Metaphor11 We observe today not a victory of part but a celebration of freedom, symbolizing an end as wellas a beginning, signifying renewal as well as a change. Parallelism (or parallel structure)12. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that …Alliteration13. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. metaphor14. Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems whichdivide us. antithesis15. For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed. repetitionLesson 41Charles Lamb,as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays,unfettered the informal essay with his memorable Old Chi na and Dream’s Children.—metaphor2Read,then,the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic,far from being a dry,pedantic discipline,is a living,breathing thing,full of beauty,passion,and trauma.—metaphor,hyperbole3Back and forth his head swiveled,desire waxing,resolution waning.—antithesis4What’s Polly to me,or me to Polly?—parody5This loomed as a project of no small dimensions,and at first I was tempted to give her back to Petey.==understatement6Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind,a few embers still smoldered.Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.—metaphor,extended metaphor7. I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. Transferred epithet8. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb’s f rontier. metaphor9. After all, surgeons have X-rays to guide them during an operation, lawyers have briefs to guidethem during a grail, metonymy10. In fact, she veered in the opposite direction. understatement11. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head. M etonymy12. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker for the rain. M etonymy13. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. M etonymy14. It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girlbeautiful. Antithesis15. Look at me --- a brilliant student, a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Lookat Petey --- a knot-head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.Antithesis16. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.Synecdoche17. Could Carlyle do more? Could Ruskin? Rhetorical question18. I cited instances, pointed out flaws, kept hammering away without let-up. It waslike digging a tunnel. Simile19. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scales, aspenetrating as a scalpel.Simile and Hyperbole20. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. metaphor21. It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. HyperboleLesson 51The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:”.—transferred epithet2Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,—metaphor5The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 1919)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy7Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry,and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor8These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do things better.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdoche9. The important book rather grandiosely entitled Civilization in the United States, was the rallyingpoint of sensitive persons disgusted with America. metaphor10. Their very homes were often uncomfortable to them; they had outgrown town andFamilies.... metaphor11. Since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar, there was little remedy for… Metonymy and Personification12. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit which denounced it. Metonymy13. until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to ahalt and… metaphorLesson 61The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crow ds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet2So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world.—synecdoche, metaphor3Sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood — alliteration; metaphor4Tin Pan Alley .— metonymy5New York was never Mecca to me. .— metonymy; metaphor6Nature constantly yields to man in New York .— personification7So does an attitude which sees the public only in terms of large, malleable numbers .—as impersonally as does the clattering subway turnstile beneath the office towers. .—simile;onomatopoeia8Those paintings don’t sell do illustrations; those who can’t get acting jobs do commercials;those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines — parallelism 9“So what else is new?” .— rhetorical question10The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town .— euphemism 11All have their little sovereignties, all are sizable enough to be….. .— metaphor12Characteristically, the city swallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously .—personificationLesson 101. The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of the town.2. His choice of a vocation does not cause him any uneasy wonderas to whether or not it will cost him all his friends. Transferred epithetSimileand as persistent—as rain, snow, taxes or businessmenIt is as though he suddenly came out of a dark tunnel and found himself beneath the open sky. Metaphorhis props have all been knocked out from under himarmed with two Bessie Smith records …accept my role in the extraordinary drama which is America…when he has made his first breakthrough, has simply won a crucial skirmish in … unpredictable battle.It is not until he is released from the habit of flexing his muscles…an American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs…to step out of that lukewarm bath…Even the most incorrigible maverick has to be born somewhere.An American writer fights his way to one of the lowest rungs on the American social ladder. Simile明喻Metaphor暗喻Alliteration头韵法Antithesis 对照，对比，对偶Transferred Epithet 移就Metonymy 借喻，转喻Synecdoche 提喻Synaesthesia通感Personification 拟人Hyperbole 夸张Parallelism 排比Euphemism 委婉语Repetition重复Irony 讽刺，反语Pun 双关Rhetorical question 修辞疑问Oxymoron 矛盾修饰法Climax 渐进法，层进法Anticlimax 渐降法Onomatopoeia 拟声Allusion 隐喻Antonomasia 换称。
高级英语修辞手法总结
英语修辞手法１、Simｉle明喻明喻就是将具有共性得不同事物作对比、这种共性存在于人们得心里,而不就是事物得自然属性.标志词常用liｋｅ, ａs, seem, as if, ａs thｏugｈ, ｓｉmiｌar tｏ, ｓuch ａs 等。
例如:1>。
He waｓlｉke aｃｏｃk wｈo tｈouｇｈｔtｈe sunｈad ｒｉsｅｎto heａr ｈim crｏｗ、2＞、I ｗaｎdereｄlonely aｓa clouｄ。
3＞。
Eｉnstｅin oｎly had a blaｎkｅｔon, ａs iｆｈe had jｕst walkeｄｏu ｔoｆaｆairy tale、2。
Metaｐhor 隐喻,暗喻隐喻就是简缩了得明喻,就是将某一事物得名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。
例如:1〉。
Ｈｏpe ｉｓa gｏod breaｋｆast, but ｉｔiｓ a badｓupｐｅr、２＞.Soｍe books are to be tasｔed, otｈｅrsｓwallowed, ａndｓome few ｔo beｃhewｅd and digestｅｄ。
3、Metonｙmy借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说得事物,而使用另一个与之相关得事物名称、I。
以容器代替内容,例如:1>。
The kettlｅboils、水开了、2〉。
Thｅｒoom sat ｓilenｔ、全屋人安静地坐着。
II。
以资料、工具代替事物得名称,例如:Lend me your eaｒs, plｅａse.请听我说、ＩＩＩ.以作者代替作品,例如:a ｐlete Shaｋespｅare 莎士比亚全集ＶＩ、以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:Ｉhａｄthe ｍusｃle, aｎｄtｈey mａde ｍoney ｏut of iｔ、我有力气,她们就用我得力气赚钱。
4、Syｎｅcdocｈe 提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般、例如:1>。
张汉熙高级英语2修辞讲解
特点：把本应该用来描述甲事物性质 状态的定语用去形容乙事物，而乙事物却根 本不具备这种性质或功能。
1.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews... 2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity. 3.She has expensive tastes in clothes
A figure of speech in which a thing, quality, or idea is represented as a person.
(WNWD)
Personification (拟人)是把物当作人来描写的一 种修辞方法，具体用法是把通常仅用于描写人 的各类词语用于描写物，赋予各种“物”
Simile A figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is explicit comparison (as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit) recognizable by the use of words “like” or “as”.
Metaphor（暗喻） A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.
高级英语2第三版张汉熙修辞汇总
1.Unit 61. Antonomasia(换称)Those ad campaigns celebrating the Big Apple...2. Alliteration(头韵)while sitcoms cloned and canned in Hollywood, and the Johnny Carson show live, preempt the airways from California.3. Metonymy(转喻)1)Tin Pan Alley has moved to Nashville and Hollywood.2)New York was never Mecca to me.3) Wall Street will advance the millions to make a Hollywood movie only if convinced that bestselling title or a star name will ensure its success.4. Parallelism(排比)1)New York is about energy, contention, and striving.it is also about mockery, the put-down the losers shrug.. It is about constant battles for subway seats, for a cabdrivers or a clerk's or a waiters attention, for a foothold, a chance,a better address, a larger billing.2).. art itself isles sharply defined, and those whose paintings don't sell do illustrations those who cant- acting jobs do commercials; those who are writing ambitious novels sustain themselves on the magazines.5. Antithesis(对照)To win in New York is to be uneasy to lose iy to live in jostling proximity to the frustrat majority.6.Personification(拟人)1)Nature constantly yields to/man in New York: witness those fragile sidewalk trees gamely struggling against encroaching cement and petrol fumes.2)Characteristically, the city wallows up the United Nations and refuses to take it seriously regarding it as an unworkable.mixture of the idealistic, the impractical, and the hypocritical.7. A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge. —paregmenon8.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet9.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves, tranquil and luxurious, that shut out the world. —synecdoche, metaphor10.The defeated are not hidden away somewhere else on the wrong side of town.(Euphemism)2.Unit 31.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike, that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans.2) .. those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside.3) But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers.4)And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house.5)..we renew our pledge of support: to prevent it from becoming merely a forum for invective to strengthen its shield f the new and the weak.6)And if A beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion.7)The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world2.Antithesis（对照）A)United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative venture Divided, there is little we can do.2)If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.Let both sides explore what problems unite us instead of belaboring those problems which divide us.And So, my fellow Americans; ask not what your country can do for you;ask you can dofor your country.3.Parallelism（排比）1)..that the torch has been passed to a new generation of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by hard and biter peace, proud of our ancient heritage, andunwilling to witness or permit the slow undoing of these human rights to which this nation has always been committed.2)Together let us explore the stars, conquer the-deserts, eradicate disease, tap the ocean depths and encourage the arts and commerce.3) .. a struggle against the common enemies of man: tyranny, poverty, disease and war itself.4.Repetition（重复）1).. symbolizing an end As well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change.2)For only when our arms are sufficient beyond doubt can we be certain beyond doubt that they will never be employed.3)Let us never negotiate gut of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate:4).. and bring the absolute)power to destroy other nations under the absolute control of all nations.5.Alliteration（头韵）1)Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foe alike...2)... whether it wishes us well or ill. that we shall pay any price bear any burden...,3)... both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...4)...ask of us here the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you.6.Rhyme（尾韵）...whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden ..7.Synecdoche（提喻）...both rightly alarmed by the steady spread of the deadly atom...8.Climax（渐升）All this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. But let us begin.3.Unit 41.Metaphor（暗喻）1)Charles Lamb, as merry and enterprising a fellow as you will meet in a month of Sundays unfettered the informal essay with his memorable "Old China"and "Dream's Children".2)There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb's frontier.3)Read, then, the following essay which undertakes to demonstrate that logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma.4)In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open.5) First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif t a bakery window.6)Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater pf her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame.7)The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it.8)He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.9)The rat!2.Simile（明喻）I)My brain was as powerful a dynamo. as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalper.2)Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet.3)It was like digging a tunnel.4)I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull.3.Hyperbole（夸张）1)My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel.2)It is not often that one so young has such a giant intellect3)You are the whole world to me and the moon and the stars and the constellations of outer space.4)I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.4.Metonymy（转喻）1).. but I was not one to let my heart rule my head.2)Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter.3)You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.5.Antithesis（对照）1)It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.2)Back and forth his head swiveled, desire waxing, resolution waning.3)If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force4) Look at me -a brilliant student. a tremendous intellectual, a man with an assured future. Look at Petey -a knot head, a jitterbug, a guy who’ll never know where his next meal is coming from.6.Transferred Epithet（移就）I said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left.7.Understatement（低调陈述）This loomed as a project of no small dimensions.8.Synecdoche（提喻）There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear.9.Allusion（引喻）1) Just as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine.2)I was not Pygmalion: I was Frankenstein.4.Unit 21.Simile（明喻）1).. and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.2)Huge areas which were once covered with forest have turned into a treeless waste where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick.3) Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls...2．Hyperbole（夸张）1)A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.2) ..so black that sometimes it is difficult to see whereabouts on their necks the hair begins.3.Transferred Epithet（移就）Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was 4 frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette.4.Synecdoche（提喻）1)Still, A- white skin is always fairly conspicuous.2)This wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.5.Understatement（低调陈述）I am not commenting, merely pointing a fact.6.Onomatopoeia（拟声）winding up the road with a clumping of boots ad a clatter of iron wheels.7.Rhetorical Question（修辞疑问句）1)Are they really the same flesh as your self ?Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff about as individual as bees or coral insects?2)How much longer can we go on kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction?5.Unit 3。
高级英语2修辞总结
高级英语2修辞总结(总5页) -本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the King’s English1. Alliterationthe King’s English slips and slides (Para. 18)2. Allusions 暗指，引喻--musketeers of Dumas (Para. 3)--descendants of convicts (Para. 7)--Saxon churls (Para. 8)--Norman conquerors (Para. 8)3. ExaggerationPerhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own. (Para. 3)4. Metaphor1. No one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (Para. 2)2. They got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concern. (Para. 3)3. Suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place (Para. 4)4. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para. 6)5. The conversation was on wings. (Para. 8)6. We ought to think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para. 11)7. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14)8. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17)9. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18)10. “the sinister corridor of our age…” (Para. 18)11. Otherwise one will bind the conversation, one will not let it flow freely here and there. (Para. 20)12. We would never have gone to Australia, or leaped back in time to the Norman Conquest. (Para. 20)5. Simile1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve in to each other’s… (Para. 3)2. The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,…(Para. 14)Lesson 2 MarrakechSimile1. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. (Para. 2)2. ,…sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. (Para. 8)3. …where the soil is exactly like broken-up brick. (Para. 18)4. Long lines of women, bent double like inverted capital Ls (Para. 18)5. …their feet squashed into boots that looked like blocks of wood… (Para. 23)6. ,…glittering like scraps of paper. (Para. 26)Metaphor1. They rise out of the earth, …(Para. 3)2. Down the center of the street there is generally running a little river of urine. (Para. 8)Alliterationsweat and starve (Para. 3)Transferred Epithet--there was a frenzied rush of Jews (Para. 10)Onomatopoeia, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels (Para. 22) Synecdoche1. a white skin is always fairly conspicuous (Para. 16)2. , actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin. (Para. 24)Rhetorical Question1. Are they really the same flesh as your self Do they even have names Or are they merely a kind of differentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects (Para. 3)2. How much longer can we go one kidding these people How long before they turn their guns in the other direction (Para. 25)UnderstatementI am not commenting, merely pointing to a fact. (Para. 21)Lesson 3 Inaugural Address (January 20, 1961)Parallelism…, symbolizing an end as well as a beginning, signifying renewal as well as change. (Para. 1)Paras. 6, 7, 8, 10, 11Alliteration1. …friend and foe alike… (Para. 3)2. to assure the survival and the success of liberty. (Para. 4)3. steady spread (Para. 13)4. …bear the burden… (Para. 22)5. …strength and sacrifice…Metaphor1.…those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside. (Para. 7)2. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (Para. 9)3. this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (Para. 9)4. to strengthen its shield of the new and the weak… (Para. 10)5. And if a beachhead of cooperation may push back the jungle of suspicion… (Para.19)6. The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who serve it, and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. (Para. 24)Consonance…, whether it wishes us well or ill,… (Para. 4)Synecdoche…both rightly alarme d by the steady spread of the deadly atom….(Para. 13) Antithesis1. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (Para. 6)2. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich. (Para. 8)3. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Repetitionall forms of (Para. 2)the belief (Para. 2)Regression1. Let us never negotiate out of fear, but let us never fear to negotiate. (Para. 14)2. And so, my fellow Americans, ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (Para. 25)Allusionone hundred days (Para. 20)ClimaxAll this will not be finished in the first one hundred days. Nor will it be finished in the first one thousand days, nor in the life of this Administration, nor even perhaps in our lifetime on this planet. (Para. 20)Hyperbolehour of maximum danger (Para. 24)Lesson 4 Love is a FallacyMetaphor1. Charles Lamb, unfettered the informal essay with.... “Dream’s Children”. (Author’s Note)2. There follows an informal essay....frontier. (Author’s Note)3. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)4. My brain, that precision instrument, slipped into high gear. (Para. 17)5. In other words, if you were out of the picture, the field would be open. (Para. 31)6. I fought off a wave of despair. (Para. 76)7. Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind, a few embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. (Para. 95)8. The next fallacy is called Poisoning the Well. (Para. 112)9.”The first man has poisoned the well before anybody could drink from it. He has hamstrung his opponent before he could even start.” (Para. 116)10. The rat! (Para. 148)Simile1. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s sc ale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)2. Same age, same background, but dumb as an ox. (Para. 2)3. First he looked at the coat with the expression of a waif at a bakery window. (Para.47)4. He looked like a mound of dead raccoons. (Para. 54)5. ...the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. (Para. 94)6. It was like digging a tunnel. (Para. 120)7. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (Para. 144)Antithesis1. “It is, after all, easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make an ugly smart girl beautiful.” (Para. 24)2. “Back and forth his head swiveled，desire waxing, resolution waning.” (Para. 47)3. If there is an irresistible force, there can be no immovable object. If there is an immovable object, there can be no irresistible force. (Para. 91)4. “Look at me--a brilliant student..ing from.” (Para. 150)Hyperbole1. Logic, far from being a dry, pedantic discipline, is a living, breathing thing, full of beauty, passion, and trauma. (Author’s Note)2. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist’s scale, as penetrating as a scalpel. (Para. 1)3. It’s not often that one so young has such a giant intellect. (Para. 2)4. Finally he didn’t turn away at all; he just stood and stared with mad lust at the coat. (Para. 47)5. You are the whole world…of outer space (Para. 132)6. “I will wander the face of the earth, a shambling, hollow-eyed hulk.” (Para. 132) Metonymy1. But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. (Para. 20)2. Otherwise you have committed a Dicto Simpliciter. (Para. 70)3. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker. (Para. 79)LitotesThis loomed as a project of no small dimensions. (Para. 58)SynecdocheThere is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (Para. 112)AnalogyJust as Pygmalion loved the perfect woman he had fashioned, so I loved mine. (Para. 122)Transferred EpithetI said with a mysterious wink and closed my bag and left. (Para. 37)Rhetorical QuestionCould Carlyle do more Could Ruskin (Authors’ Note)“Really” said Polly, amazed. “Nobody” (Para. 73)Who knew (Para. 95)Lesson 5 The Sad Young MenMetaphor:1. …we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality… (Para. 2)2. battle for success (Para. 3)3. And like most escapist sprees, this one lasted until the money ran out, until the crash of the world economic structure at the end of the decade called the party to a halt and forced the revelers to sober up and face the problems of the new age. (Para. 4)4. …once the young men had received a good taste of twentieth-century warfare. (Para. 6)5. …they had outgrown town and families (Para. 6)6. …in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country (Para. 6)7. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)8. …now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (Para. 8)9. …was the rallying point of sensitive persons disgusted with America. (Para. 9)10. …b ut since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Personification:…the country was blind and deaf to everything…dollar…. (Para. 9)Metonymy:1. …our young men began to enlist under foreign flags. (Para. 5)2. Greenwich Village set the pattern. (Para. 7)3. …their minds and pens inflamed against war,…(Para. 7)4. …to add their own little matchsticks to the conflagration of “flaming youth” (Para. 8)5. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit…(Para. 8)6. …but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,…(Para. 9)Transferred epithet:The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young…(Para. 11)Simile:The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure… (Para. 3)。
浅析《高级英语》中的修辞
浅析《高级英语》中的修辞》《高级英语》是一本深受英美学习者亲睐的语言学书籍，书中的修辞除具有色彩斑斓的语言外，还加入了各种常用的修辞手段。
下面，就具体说说其中一些常用的修辞手段吧。
1. 拟人：指明原言外其义，以展示文章主题，或节节渗出作者的情感。
如“He stood alone like a mountain in his duty.”（他屹立在他的责任上，孤身一人，如同一座山。
）2. 比喻：比喻是一种形象性的手段，用比喻比喻出两个不同的事物之间的联系，从而营造深刻的意境。
如“Life is like a roller coaster.”（生活如过山车一般。
）3. 排比：把同一性质的事物连在一起，表达作者的切中点锋、犀利言辞，使文章句式更加生动形象。
如“Determination, courage and perseverance are the key to success.”（决心、勇气和毅力是取得成功的关键。
）4. 夸张：用大量的超越现实的词语，使读者感受到文中的爆炸感、张力感，以激发读者的情绪。
如“It was a million-billion times worse than anything I had ever imagined.”（它远远超乎我的想象，百万亿倍之恶劣。
）5. 引语：引用他人的言论，来表达作者的思想和情感，使文章生变雅量，因而令人触动，造成强烈的感染。
如“As a famous scientist said, ‘There is no failure exceptin no longer trying.’ ”（正如一位著名科学家所说：“唯有不再尝试才是失败。
”）以上就是《高级英语》中一些常用修辞手段，用它们，不但可以使文章更加具有说服力，还可以帮助学习者更加深入地理解文章内容。
高英第二册修辞汇总
高级英语第二册修辞汇总1. It is easier to make a beautiful dumb girl smart than to make anugly smart girl beautiful. (antithesis)2. The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. (simile)3. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenziedrush of Jews. (transferred epithet)4. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. (synecdoche)5. I leaped to my feet, bellowing like a bull. (simile)6. After the war, it was only natural that hopeful young writers, their minds and pens inflamed against war, Babbittry, and “Puritanical ” gentility, should flock to the traditional artistic center. (metonymy)7. The conversation was on wings. (metaphor)8. United, there is little we cannot do in a host of co-operative ventures. Divided, there is little we can do, for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder. (antithesis)9. But we shall not always expect …to remember that, in the past,those who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger endedup inside.(metaphor)10. Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon andthe stars and the constellations of outer space. (hyperbole)11. Greenwich Village set the pattern.(metonymy)12. Naturally, the spirit of carnival and the enthusiasm for high military adventure were soon dissipated once the eager young men had received a good taste of twentieth century warfare. (metaphor)13. The hurricane tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. (personification)14. The hurricane seized a 600,000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 miles away. (personification)15. Long lines of women,bent double like inverted capital Ls, work their way slowlyacross the fields. (simile)16. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (metaphor)17. If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot savethe few who are rich. (antithesis)18. But this peaceful revolution of hope cannot become the prey of hostile powers. (metaphor)19. …yet both raci ng to alter that un certa in bala nee of terror thatstays the hand of mankind 's final war. (synecdoche)20. I said with a mysterious wink and closed mybag and left. (transferred epithet)21. … , an attempt to treat the worker and employee like a machine which runs better when it is well oiled. (simile)22. The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollectionsto the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young. (transferred epithet)23. The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. (simile)24. Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King 's English slips and slides in conversation. (alliteration & simile)25. Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss, now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion. (metaphor)26. And so, my fellow Americans ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. (antithesis)27. And let every other power know that this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own house. (metaphor)28. The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure. (metaphor)29. A momentlater, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. (personification)30. …,and blow ndow n power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.(simile)31. …, and then more infantry, four or five thousand menin all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels. (onomatopoeia)32. No one has any idea where the conversation will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. (metaphor)33. Let the word go forth from this time and place, to friend and foealike, ...(alliteration)34. that the torch has been passed to a newgeneration of Americans, born in this century, tempered by war, disciplined by a hard and bitter peace, ...(parallelism)35. One more chance, I decided. But just one more. There is a limit to what flesh and blood can bear. (synecdoche)36. My brain was as powerful as a dynamo, as precise as a chemist 's scales, as penetrating as a scalpel. (simile & hyperbole)37. There follows an informal essay that ventures even beyond Lamb 's frontier. (metaphor)38. Before long the movement had become officially recognized by the pulpit (which denounced it). (metonymy)39. So let us begin anew, remembering on both sides that civility is not a sign of weakness, and sincerity is always subject to proof. (antithesis)40. To our sister republics south of our border, we offer a special pledge: to convert our good words into good deeds, in new alliance for progress, to assist free menand free government in casting off the chains of poverty. (repetition)常见成语汉译英1. 爱屋及乌Love me, love my dog.2. 百闻不如一见Seeing is believing.3. 比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4. 笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5. 不眠之夜white nightshort; 6. 不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7. 不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8. 不打不成交No discord, no concord.9. 拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul10. 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11. 大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12. 大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13. 国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace14. 过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling too much is as bad as too little15. 功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.16. 好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more17. 好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18. 和气生财Harmony brings wealth.19. 活到老学到老One is never too old to learn.20. 既往不咎let bygones be bygones21. 金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22. 金玉满堂Treasures fill the home.23. 脚踏实地be down-to-earth24. 脚踩两只船sit on the fence25. 君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26. 老生常谈词滥调cut and dried, clich e27. 礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28. 留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.29. 马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success30. 名利双收gain in both fame and wealth31. 茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened32. 没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34. 谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35. 弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36. 拿手好戏masterpiece37. 赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad38. 抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39. 破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat ；burn one ‘s own way of retreat and be determined tofight to the end40. 抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities41. 巧妇难为无米之炊If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42. 千里之行始于足下a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43. 前事不忘后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future.44. 前人栽树后人乘凉One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45. 前怕狼后怕虎fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46. 强龙难压地头蛇Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47. 强强联手win-win co-operation48. 瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49. 人之初性本善Man's nature at birth is good.50. 人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.51. 人海战术huge-crowd strategy52. 世上无难事只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.53. 世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54. 死而后已until my heart stops beating55. 岁岁平安Peace all year round.56. 上有天堂下有杭Just as there is paradise in heaven, ther are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth.57. 塞翁失马焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.oneself 58. 三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59. 升级换代 updating and upgrading (of products)60. 四十不惑 Life begins at forty.61. 谁言寸草心报得三春晖 Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass.62. 水涨船高 When the river rises, the boat floats high.63. 时不我待 Time and tide wait for no man 。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
L e s s o n 11.?Wind?and?rain?now?wiped?the?house.?----metaphor(暗喻)2.?The?children?went?from?adult?to?adult?like?buckets?in?a?fire?briga de.?----simile?(明喻)3.?The?wind?sounded?like?the?roar?of?a?train?passing?a?few?yards?aw ay.?-----simile4.?…it?seized?a?600,00?gallon?Gulfport?oil?tank?and?dumped?it?3.5? miles?away.?----personification(拟人)5.?We?can?batten?down?and?ride?it?out.?-----metaphor6.?Everybody?out?the?back?door?to?the?cars!—ellipsis?(省略)7.?Telephone?poles?and?20-inch-thick?pines?cracked?like?guns?as?the? winds?snapped?them.?-----simile8.?Several?vacationers?at?the?luxurious?Richelieu?Apartments?there?he ld?a?hurricane?party?to?watch?the?storm?from?their?spectacular?vantag e?point-----transferred?epithet移就9.?Strips?of?clothing?festooned?the?standing?trees,?and?blown?down? power?lines?coiled?like?black?spaghetti?over?the?roads----metaphor;?si mileLesson21.?The?burying-ground?is?merely?a?huge?waste?of?hummocky?earth,?l ike?a?derelict?building-lot.?-----simile2.?They?rise?out?of?the?earth,?they?sweat?and?starve?for?a?few?years, ?and?then?they?sink?back?into?the?nameless?mounds?of?the?graveyard?and? nobody?notices?that?they?are?gone.?-----alliteration押头韵3.?...?and?sore-eyed?children?cluster?everywhere?in?unbelievable?numb ers,?like?clouds?of?flies.?----simile4.?And?really?it?was?almost?like?watching?a?flock?of?cattle?to?see?th e?long?column,?a?mile?or?two?miles?of?armed?men,?flowing?peacefull y?up?the?road,?while?the?great?white?birds?drifted?over?them?in?the?opposite? direction,?glittering?like?scraps?of?paper.?-----?simile5.?The?little?crowd?of?mourners?all?men?and?boys,?no?women threaded?their?way?across?the?market?place?between?the?piles?of? pomegranates?and?the?taxis?and?the?camels,?wailing?a?short?chant?ov er?and?over?again.--—elliptical?sentence6.?A?carpenter?sits?cross-legged?at?a?prehistoric?lathe,?turning?chair-le gs?at?lightning?speed.—-?hyperbole7.?Instantly,?from?the?dark?holes?all?round,?there?was?a?frenzied?rush ?of?Jews,?many?of?them?old?grandfathers?with?flowing?grey?beards,?all? clamoring?for?a?cigarette.?-----transferred?epithet?8.?Still,?a?white?skin?is?always?fairly?conspicuous.—-synecdoche(提喻)9.?As?the?storks?flew?northward?the?Negroes?were?marching?southwa rda?long,?dusty?column,?infantry,?screw-gun?batteries,?and?then?more? infantry,?four?or?five?thousand?men?in?all,?winding?up?the?road?with? a?clumping?of?boots?and?a?clatter?of?iron?wheels.—---onomatopoetic?w ords?symbolism10.?Not?hostile,?not?contemptuous,?not?sullen,?not?even?inquisitive.?—--elliptical?sentence11.?This?wretched?boy,?who?is?a?French?citizen?and?has?therefore?be en?dragged?from?the?forest?to?scrub?floors?and?catch?syphilis?in?garrison ?towns,?actually?has?feelings?of?reverence?before?a?white?skin.?—- synecdoche提喻Lesson31.?…?and?no?one?has?any?idea?where?it?will?go?as?it?me anders?or?le aps?and?sparkles?or?just?glows.?---mixed-metaphor?or?metaphor2.?…?that?suddenly?the?alchemy?of?conversation?took?place,?and?all? at?once?there?was?a?focus.?----metaphor3.?The?glow?of?the?conversation?burst?into?flames.?----metaphor4.?We?had?traveled?in?five?minutes?to?Australia.?-----metaphor The?fact?that?their?marriages?may?be?on?the?rocks,?or?that?their?love ?affairs?have?been?broken?or?even?that?they?got?out?of?bed?on?the?w rong?side?is?simply?not?a?concern.--—metaphor5.?The?conversation?was?on?wings.?----metaphor6.?The?bother?about?teaching?chimpanzees?how?to?talk?is?that?they?w ill?probably?try?to?talk?sense?and?so?ruin?all?conversation.?-----sarcas m反讽7.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived? side?by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into?each?other's?lives?or?the? recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.?-----simile8.?They?are?like?the?musketeers?of?Dumas?who,?although?they?lived? side?by?side?with?each?other,?did?not?delve?into,?each?other’s?lives?o r?the?recesses?of?their?thoughts?and?feelings.—-simile9.?Is?the?phrase?in?Shakespeare??----metonymy10.?The?Elizabethans?blew?on?it?as?on?a?dandelion?clock,?and?its?see ds?multiplied,?and?floated?to?the?ends?of?the?earth.—simile11.?Even?with?the?most?educated?and?the?most?literate,?the?King’s?E nglish?slips?and?slides?in?conversation.—alliteration12.?When?E.M.F?orster?writes?of?“the?sinister?corridor?of?our?age,”? we?sit?up?at?the?vividness?of?the?phrase,?the?force?and?even?terror?in ?the?image.—--metaphorLesson 41.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?vent ures.?Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?power?full ?challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.—antithesis2.…in?the?past,?those?who?foolishly?sought?power?by?riding?the?b ack ?of?the?tiger?ended?up?inside.—metaphor3.?Let?us?never?negotiate?out?of?fear,?but?let?us?never?fear?to?negotia te.—regression?(回环:A-B-C)4.?All?this?will?not?be?finished?in?the?first?one?hundred?days.—allusi on?引典;?climax递进5.?And?so,?my?fellow?Americans?ask?not?what?your?country?can?do? for?you;?ask?what?you?can?do?for?your?country.—antithesis,?regression回环6?We?observe?today?not?a?victory?of?party?but?a?celebration?of?freed om,?symbolizing?an?end?as?well?as?a?beginning,?signifying?renewal?as?we ll?as?change.?----parallelism7.?Let?the?word?go?forth?from?this?time?and?place,?to?friend?and?foe ?alike….—alliteration8.?Let?every?nation?know,?whether?it?wishes?us?well?or?i11,?that?we? shall?pay?any?price,?bear?any?burden,?meet?any?hardship,?support?any?frien d,?oppose?any?foe?to?assure?the?survival?and?the?success?of?liberty.?----–parallelism;?alliteration9.?United,?there?is?little?we?cannot?do?in?a?host?of?co-operative?vent ures.?Divided,?there?is?little?we?can?do,?for?we?dare?not?meet?a?powerful? challenge?at?odds?and?split?asunder.?----antithesis对句10.?If?a?free?society?cannot?help?the?many?who?are?poor,?it?cannot?s ave?the?few?who?are?rich.?-----antithesis11.?…?to?assist?free?men?and?free?governments?in?casting?off?the?ch ains?of?poverty.?---repetition?12.?And?if?a?beachhead?of?co-operation?may?push?back?the?jungle?of ?suspicion…-----metaphor13.?Let?both?sides?explore?what?problems?unite?us?instead?of?belabor ing?those?problems?which?divide?us.?-----antithesis14.And?let?every?other?power?know?that?this?hemisphere?intends?to? remain?the?master?of?its?own?house.?-----metaphor15.?The?energy,?the?faith,?the?devotion?which?we?bring?to?this?endea vor?will?light?our?country?and?all?who?serve?it,?and?the?glow?from?that?f ire?can?truly?light?the?world.?-----extended?metaphor16.?…to?strengthen?its?shield?of?the?new?and?the?weak…?----metaph or17.With?a?good?conscience?our?only?sure?reward,?with?history?the?fin al?judge?of?our?deeds…?-----parallelismLesson51.?Read,?then,?the?following?essay?which?undertakes?to?demonstrate?t hat?logic,?far?from?being?a?dry,?pedantic?discipline,?is?a?living,?breathing ?thing,?full?of?beauty,?passion,?and?trauma.—-metaphor;?hyperbole 2.?Charles?Lamb,?as?merry?and?enterprising?a?fellow?as?you?will?me et?in?a?month?of?Sundays,?unfettered?the?informal?essay?with?his?me morable?Old?China?and?Dream’s?Children.—metaphor3.?Cool?was?I?and?logical.?----inversion?(倒装)4.?My?brain?was?as?powerful?as?a?dynamo,?as?precise?as?a?chemist's ?scales,?as?penetrating?as?a?scalpel.-----simile5.?My?brain,?that?precision?instrument,?slipped?into?high?gear.?---- metaphor?or?-mixed-metaphor6.Same?age,?same?background,?but?dumb?as?an?ox.?----simile7.?I?was?not?one?to?let?my?heart?rule?my?head.?----metonymy转喻8.?"I?may?do?better?than?that,"?I?said?with?a?mysterious?wink??and?c losed?my?bag?and?left.?----transferred?epithet9.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embers ?still?smoldered.?----metaphor10.?We?went?to?the?Knoll,?the?campus?trysting?place,?and?we?sat?do wn?under?an?old?oak,?and?she?looked?at?me?expectantly.?-----allusion 11.?Just?as?Pygmalion?loved?the?perfect?woman?he?had?fashioned,?----allusion12.I?was?not?Pygmalion;?I?was?Frankenstein,?and?my?monster?had?me?b y?the?throat.?----allusion13.The?time?had?come?to?change?our?relationship?from?academic?to? romantic.?----assonance?(半)谐音14.?Back?and?forth?his?head?swiveled,?desire?waxing,?resolution?wani ng.—antithesis15.?What’s?Polly?to?me,?or?me?to?Polly?—parody16."Your?girl,"?I?said,?mincing?no?words.?----litotes?(间接肯定)17.?This?loomed?as?a?project?of?no?small?dimensions…?-----litotes?or ?understatement18.?Maybe?somewhere?in?the?extinct?crater?of?her?mind,?a?few?embe rs?still?smoldered.?Maybe?somehow?I?could?fan?them?into?flame.—-metaphor?or?extended?metaphor19.?There?is?a?limit?to?what?flesh?and?blood?can?bear.?----synecdoche ?20.He?has?hamstrung?his?opponent?before?he?could?even?start.?---- metaphor21.?Over?and?over?and?over?again?I?cited?instances?pointed?out?flaws ,?kept?hammering?away?without?let-up.?----metaphor22.?Suddenly,?a?g1immer?of?intelligence—the?first?I?had?seen--came? into?her?eyes.?----metaphor23.?I?saw?a?chink?of?light.?And?then?the?chink?got?bigger?and?the?su n?came?pouring?in?and?all?was?bright.?-----metaphor24..?You?are?the?whole?world?to?me,?and?the?moon?and?the?stars?an d?the?constellations?of?outer?space.?-----hyperbole;?metaphor25.?He's?a?liar.?He's?a?cheat.?He's?a?rat.?----climax?(递进)26.Look?at?me--a?brilliant?student,?a?tremendous?intellectual,?a?man? with?an?assured?future.?Look?at?Petey--a?knot-head,?a?jitterbug,?a?guy?who 'll?never?know?where?his?next?meal?is?coming?from.?-----antithesis对句Lesson71.?Here?was?the?very?heart?of?industrial?America,?the?center?of?its?m ost?lucrative?and?characteristic?activity,?the?boast?and?pride?of?the?richest ?and?grandest?nation?ever?seen?on?earth—and?here?was?a?scene?so?dreadfu lly?hideous,?so?intolerably?bleak?and?forlorn?that?it?reduced?the?whole? aspiration?of?man?to?a?macabre?and?depressing?joke.—metaphor;? hyperbole;?parallelism;?antithesis2.?Here?was?wealth?beyond?computation,?almost?beyond?imagination and?here?were?human?habitations?so?abominable?that?they?would?hav e?disgraced?a?race?of?alley?cats.—hyperbole;?antithesis3.?What?I?allude?to?is?the?unbroken?and?agonizing?ugliness,?the?shee r?revolting?monstrousness,?of?every?house?in?sight.?----transferred?epith et4.?…,?there?was?not?one?in?sight?from?the?train?that?did?not?insult?a nd?lacerate?the?eye.?----hyperbole;?double?negatives?(双否)5.There?was?not?a?single?decent?house?within?eye?range?from?the? Pittsburgh?suburbs?to?the?Greensburg?yards，and?there?was?not?one?that?was?not?misshapen,?and?there?was?not?on e?that?was?not?shabby.?----hyperbole;?repetition;?double?negatives 6.?The?country?itself?is?not?uncomely,?despite?the?grime?of?the?endle ss?mills.—litotes?or?understatement7.?Obviously,?if?their?were?architects?of?any?professional?sense?or?di gnity?in?the?region,?they?would?have?perfected?a?chalet?to?hug?the?hillsides —a?chalet?with?a?high-pitched?roof,?to?throw?off?the?heavy?winter?snows, ?but?still?essentially?a?low?and?clinging?building,?wider?than?it?was?t all.-—?ridicule?（讽刺）8.?This?they?have?converted?into?a?thing?of?dingy?clapboards,?with?a ?narrow,?low-pitched?roof.?----inversion?(倒装)9.?On?their?deep?sides?they?are?three,?four?and?even?five?stories?high ;?on?their?low?sides?they?bury?themselves?swinishly?in?the?mud.?----metap hor10.But?what?brick!?-----ellipsis?(省略)11.?…,?and?so?they?have?the?most?loathsome??towns?and?villages?ev er?seen?by?mortal?eye?.?----?hyperbole12.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?ince ssant?prayer.?----irony;?sarcasm13.?And?one?and?all?they?are?streaked?in?grime,?with?dead?and?ecze matous?patches?of?paint?peeping?through?the?streaks.—metaphor 14.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?a n?egg?long?past?all?hope?or?caring.—ridicule,?irony,?metaphor15.?I?award?this?championship?only?after?laborious?research?and?ince ssant?prayer.—irony16.?Safe?in?a?Pullman,?I?have?whirled?through?the?gloomy,?God-fors aken?villages?of?Iowa?and?Lansas,?and?the?malarious?tidewater?hamle ts?of?Georgia.—antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion 17.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making ?of?them.—hyperbole,?irony18.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?off end?them.—irony19.?It?is?that?of?a?Presbyterian?grinning.—metaphor20.A?few?linger?in?memory,?horrible?even?there:?a?crazy?little?church ?just?west?of?Jeannette?----personification21?…set?like?a?dormer-window?on?the?sid e?of?a?bare,?leprous?hill…-----?metaphor22.??a?steel?stadium?like?a?huge?rattrap?somewhere?further?down?the ?line.?----simile23.?They?like?it?as?it?is:?beside?it,?the?Parthenon?would?no?doubt?off end?them.?----?antonomasia?(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)?or?allusion 24.?When?it?has?taken?on?the?patina?of?the?mills?it?is?the?color?of?a n?egg?long?past?all?hope?or?caring.?----metaphor25.?It?is?as?if?some?titanic?and?aberrant?genius,?uncompromisingly? inimical?to?man,?had?devoted?all?the?ingenuity?of?Hell?to?the?making ?of?them.?----hyperbole;?irony26.?Such?ghastly?designs,?it?must?be?obvious,?give?a?genuine?delight ?to?a?certain?type?of?mind.?----synecdoche?(提喻)27.?Thus?I?suspect?(though?confessedly?without?knowing)?that?the?va st?majority?of?the?honest?folk?of?Westmoreland?county,?and?especially?t he?100%?Americans?among?them,?actually?admire?the?houses?they?live?i n,?and?are?proud?of?them.?-----irony;?sarcasm28.?It?is?incredible?that?mere?ignorance?should?have?achieved?such?m asterpieces?of?horror.?---ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.—parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.—periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlitair,under the dark blue of the sky.—metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.—periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this child’s abominable misery.—parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.—parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,andthe moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.—transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by some—subconsciously if not openly—that our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.—metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.—metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.—metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhatby the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.—metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.—metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19) to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.—metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.—metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was little remedy for the sensitive mind but to emigrate to Europe where”they do thingsbetter.”—personification,metonymy ,synecdocheLesson111.This is because there are fewer fanatical believers among the English,and at the same time,below the noisy arguments,the abuse and the quarrels,there is a reservoir of instinctive fellow-feeling,not yet exhausted though it may not be filling up.—metaphor2.But there are not may of these men,either on the board or the shop floor,and they are certainly not typical English.—metaphor3.Some cancer in their character has eaten away their Englishness.—metaphor4. A further necessary demand,to feed the monster with higher and higher figures and larger and larger profits,is for enormous advertising campaigns and brigades of razor-keen salesmen.—metaphor5.It is a battle that is being fought in the minds of the English.It is between Admass, which has already conquered most of the Western world,and Englishness, ailing and impoverished,in no position to receive vast subsidies of dollars,francs,Deutschmarks and the rest,for public relations and advertising campaigns.—personification6.Against this,at least superficially, Englishness seems a poor shadowy show—a faint pencil sketch beside a poster in full color –belonging as it really does to the invisible inner world,merely offering states of mind in place of that rich variety of things.But then while things areimportant,states of mind are even more important.—metaphor7.It must have some moral capital to draw upon,and soon it may be asking for an overdraft.—metaphor8.Bewildered,they grope and mess around because they have fallen between two stools,the old harsh discipline having vanished and the essential new self-discipline either not understood or thought to be out of reach.—metaphor9.Recognized political parties are repertory companies staging ghostly campaigns,and all that is real between them is the arrangement by which one set of chaps take their turn at ministerial jobs while the other pretend to be astounded and shocked and bring in talk of ruin.—metaphor 10.Englishness cannot be fed with the east wind of a narrow rationality,the latest figures of profit and loss,a constant appeal to self-interest.—metaphor11.And this is true,whether they are wearing bowler hats or ungovernable mops of hair.—metonymyLesson121.When it did,I like many a writer before me upon the discovery that his props have all been knocked out from under him,suffered a species of breakdown ad was carried off to the mountains of Switzerland.—metaphor2.There, in that absolutely alabaster landscape armed with two BessieSmith records and a typewriter I began to try to recreate the life that I had first known as a child and from which I had spent so many years in flight.—metaphor3.Once I was able to accept my role—as distinguished,I must say,from my”place”—in the extraordinary drama which is America,I was released from the illusion that I hated America.—metaphor4.It is not meant,of course,to imply that it happens to them all,for Europe can be very crippling too;and,anyway,a writer,when he has made his first breakthrough,has simply won a crucial skirmish in a dangerous,unending and unpredictable battle.—metaphor5.Whatever the Europeans may actually think of artists,they have killed enough of them off by now to know that they are as real—and as persist—as rain,snow,taxes or businessmen.—simile6.In this endeavor to wed the vision of the Old World with that of the New,it is the writer,not the statesman,who is our strongest arm.—metaphorLesson131.I am asked whether I know that there exists a worldwide movement for the absolution of capital punishment which has every where enlisted able men of every profession,including the law.I am told that the death penalty is not only inhuman but also unscientific,for rapists and murderers are really sick people who should be cured,not killed.I am invited to use myimagination and acknowledge the unbearable horror of every form of execution.—parataxis2.Under such a law,a natural selection would operate to remove permanently from the scene persons who,let us say,neglect argument in favor of banging on the desk with their shoe.—metonymyLesson141.A market for knowingness exists in New York that doesn’t exist for knowledge.—paregmenon2.The condescending view from the fiftieth floor of the city’s crowds below cuts these people off from humanity.—transferred epithet3.So much of well-to-do America now lives antiseptically in enclaves,tranquil and luxurious,that shut out the world.—synecdoche,metaphor。