Microdialysis in Scientific Research
关于纳米技术的硑究报告作文
关于纳米技术的硑究报告作文英文回答：Nanotechnology, also known as nanotech, is a field of science and technology that deals with the manipulation and control of matter at the nanoscale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers in size. It involves the understanding and utilization of the unique properties and behaviors of materials at the nanoscale.Nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize various industries and sectors, including electronics, medicine, energy, and materials science. For example, in the field of electronics, nanotechnology has enabled the development of smaller and more efficient devices, such as nanoscale transistors and memory chips. In medicine, nanotechnology has opened up new possibilities for targeted drug delivery and imaging techniques. Nanoparticles can be designed to specifically target cancer cells, delivering drugs directly to the affected area while minimizing damageto healthy cells.Furthermore, nanotechnology has also been applied in the development of new materials with enhanced properties. For instance, carbon nanotubes are incredibly strong and lightweight, making them ideal for applications in aerospace and automotive industries. Additionally, nanomaterials can be used to create self-cleaning surfaces, anti-reflective coatings, and even flexible displays for electronic devices.Despite the numerous benefits and potentialapplications of nanotechnology, there are also concerns regarding its safety and ethical implications. Thepotential toxicity of nanoparticles and their environmental impact are areas of ongoing research and debate. It is crucial to ensure that appropriate safety measures are in place when working with nanomaterials to minimize any potential risks.中文回答：纳米技术，也被称为纳米科技，是一门涉及物质在纳米尺度（大约1到100纳米）上的操控和控制的科学和技术领域。
弥漫性轴索损伤临床研究进展
临床上常常对脑外伤患者予以头ＣＴ及ＭＲＩ检 查。
头ＣＴ 被广泛应用于颅脑损伤的检查，对 ＤＡＩ的检查表现为脑灰白质交界区、胼胝体及周围、 脑干、基底节、脑室周围白质等部位广泛的，散在的， 点片状小出血灶，一般不伴周围水肿或其他占位损 害【８】。但ＤＡＩ有８０％为非出血性病灶。即ＣＴ上未 见出血灶不能否定ＤＡＩ的存在。因此ＣＴ对ＤＡＩ的 诊断常常存在很大的局限性，尤其是颅脑损伤后早 期首次ＣＴ检查更是难以诊断。 ４．２ 头ＭＲＩ 其敏感度高于ＣＴ，能清晰显示脑干 和胼胝体等结构的小局灶性病变，尤其对非出血性 ＤＡＩ检查，ＤＡＩ在急性期ＭＲＩＴｌ加权像中，组织撕 裂出血点灶呈高强信号，为卵圆或线状结构，多见于 皮质下区及胼胝体；ＭＲＩＴ２加权像中则呈低信号。 梯度回波成像比自旋回波成像对显示出血点更敏 感。而功能磁共振成像ｆＭＲＩ的出现使ＤＡＩ的诊断 准确率有了极大提高。ｆＭＲＩ技术是２０世纪９０年 代后产生的一项新技术［９－１０。。它结合功能、影像和 解剖三方面因素，能反应脑功能状态并对活体人脑 多功能区进行定位的ＭＲＩ技术。它主要有磁共振 弥散成像技术、灌注加权成像技术和磁共振波普分 析等。（１）磁共振弥散成像：磁共振弥散成像是目前 唯一能在活体上测量水分子弥散运动与成像的先进 新技术，主要包括弥散加权成像ＤＷＩ和弥散张量成 像ＤＴＩ。其中ＤＷＩ可检查出损伤灶的大小多少，更 准确地反映非出血灶病理变化，并且与临床预后有 较强的相关性。Ｈｏｕ等ｕｕ做了对照性研究，通过 ＤＷＩ和水分子运动程度和弥散系数定量描记图表显 示，可以发现常规ＭＲＩ检测不到的损伤，而且能够 做出比ＧＣＳ评分评估预后更好的结论。而ＤＴＩ是 各向异性弥散技术为基础的影像学技术，它可以在 活体内评估大脑白质的微观结构。各向异性分数值 是ＤＴＩ的主要参数之一；（２）灌注加权成像ＰＷＩ：属 ｆＭＲＩ序列中的一种，是在静脉注射对比剂的同时， 对选定层面连续多次扫描，收取感兴趣区域的一系 列参数，进行特异性评价组织器官的灌注状态及微 循环血流信息。对ＤＡＩ损伤区域治疗提供信息； （３）磁共振波普分析ＭＲＳ可通过脑组织物质能量代 谢及生理变化进行鉴定和量化分析。脑损伤时脑组 ４．１
抑郁症发病机制与中药治疗研究进展
抑郁症发病机制及中药治疗研究进展1毛浩萍，高秀梅，赵粉荣，郭浩天津中医药大学中医药研究院，天津（300193）E-mail：haoping_mao@摘要：抑郁症(Depression, DEP)属于情感性精神障碍，是由多种原因引起的以心境障碍为主要特征的综合征。
本文对抑郁症的发病机制和中药治疗进行综述，为抗抑郁中药的进一步开发利用提供参考。
关键词：抑郁症；发病机制；中药中图分类号：R91.引言抑郁症(Depression, DEP)属于情感性精神障碍，是由多种原因引起的以心境障碍为主要特征的综合征。
世界卫生组织预言抑郁症将会在2020年成为继高血压后的第二大临床慢性疾病[1]。
因此,抑郁症的研究越来越受到人们的重视。
但其发病机制非常复杂,至今尚未阐明,本文就抑郁症的发病机制及中药治疗进展进行综述。
2.抑郁症的发病机制2.1单胺假说第一个有关抑郁症的神经化学理论是40多年前由Bunney提出的“单胺假说”[2]，认为体内去甲肾上腺素（Norepinephrine, NE）或五羟色胺（5-Hydroxytryptamine , 5-HT）相对或绝对不足是引起抑郁症发生的主要原因。
Janne等[3]研究发现抑郁行为与5-HT水平间呈正相关，认为5-HT含量的改变可能与抑郁样行为有关。
经典的抗抑郁药选择性五羟色胺重吸收抑制剂(selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors，SSRIs)的研制及临床应用支持了这一假说。
近年来随着对SSRIs作用机制的研究又发现了多种5-HT受体亚型, 使得5-HT递质系统与抑郁症的关系越来越受到关注。
2.2受体假说研究发现，抗抑郁药能快速调节单胺类递质信号转导，而导致在治疗开始的几小时后突触中单胺类物质尤其是NE和5-HT浓度的急剧增加，但是，这些药物的起效却要滞后数周，而“单胺能假说”对药物的这种快速调节作用与用药数周后产生临床疗效之间的矛盾难以做出合理解释。
依达拉奉的临床应用价值
依达拉奉的临床应用价值依达拉奉是一种脑保护剂(自由基清除剂)。
机理研究提示,依达拉奉可清除自由基,抑制脂质过氧化,从而抑制脑细胞、血管内皮细胞、神经细胞的氧化损伤。
临床主要用于急性脑梗死所致的神经症状、日常生活活动能力和功能障碍。
近年来依达拉奉在许多疾病中应用广泛,现总结如下。
1 缺血性卒中缺血性卒中占脑卒中的60%~80%,缺血性卒中的主要治疗包括两种,一类是促进血管再通的治疗,另一类是神经保护治疗。
促进血管再通的药物已经获得良好的临床效果,主要的代表是rt-PA的溶栓治疗。
但是由于溶栓治疗时间窗的限制,仅少数患者可以接受该治疗,而神经保护治疗却有广泛的前景。
依达拉奉是一种具有捕获羟自由基活性的自由基清除剂,也是目前惟一证实临床有效的神经保护剂。
许多对脑缺血动物模型的体内研究表明,该药物可减轻脑缺血引起的脑水肿及组织损伤。
在日本和中国进行的临床试验结果均表明,依达拉奉能够改善脑梗死急性期的神经症状、日常生活动作障碍和功能恢复,发病后24 h以内给药疗效显著[1]。
2 脑出血脑出血临床上除传统的脱水、降颅压、防治并发症外,缺乏明显改善预后的有效措施。
纪茹英等[2]于2004年使用依达拉奉治疗脑出血41例、随机对照组41例。
结果表明应用依达拉奉治疗对减少急性脑出血患者的脑血肿体积及改善患者的神经功能和有效率水平均优于对照组,可以用于脑出血急性期的治疗。
3 蛛网膜下腔出血脑血管痉挛是影响蛛网膜下腔出血患者生存重要因素。
自由基也是引起血管痉挛继发损害的重要因素。
故氧自由基清除剂既可阻断氧自由基和脂质过氧化物的积累过程导致的脑血管痉挛,又可以减轻痉挛缺血后形成的继发性脑损害,依达拉奉是一种治疗蛛网膜下腔出血安全有效的新药。
4 一氧化碳中毒迟发型脑病目前流行的看法认为导致迟发型脑病症状的病理学基础是大脑白质弥漫性脱髓鞘(diffuse demyelination)[4]。
其他理论包括:CO直接毒性作用、脑血管损害、脑水肿和高敏感性反应[5]目前的资料似乎清晰地表明是自由基-免疫功能紊乱导致了迟发型脑病。
衣康酸在炎症疾病诊治中的研究进展
衣康酸在炎症疾病诊治屮的研究进展唐俊鹏魏娟英李润琪邹伟南华大学附属南华医院神经内科，湖南衡阳421001［摘要］衣康酸在人体内主要由巨噬细胞生成，是一种具有抗炎、抗菌等广泛临床应用潜力的物质。
衣康酸在炎症、免疫疾病中起着重要作用，衣康酸的抗炎、抗菌机制涉及巨噬细胞的活化、极化、活性氧的生成、代谢重编程、免疫调节、Irg1通路、I k B灼炎症通路等,引起了科学家的广泛关注。
研究发现,阻断或增加衣康酸的生成可以促进或抑制疾病的发生与发展，但其在炎症、抗菌的机制尚不完全明确。
因此，深入研究衣康酸在疾病中扮演的角色期望为衣康酸在临床疾病中的应用提供参考。
［关键词］衣康酸;生物标志物；抗菌；炎症；免疫调节［中图分类号］R36［文献标识码］A［文章编号］1673-7210(2021)03(a)-0051-04Research progress of itaconic acid in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory diseasesTANG Junpeng WEI Juonying LI Runqt ZOU WeiDeparLmenL of Neurology,AffiliaLed Nanhua HospiLal,UniversiLy of SouLh China,Hu'nan Province,Hengyang 421001,China［Abstract］ILaconic acid is mainly produced by macrophages in Lhe human body,and iL is a subsLance wiLh exLensive clinical applicaLion poLenLial such as anLi-inflammaLory and anLibacLerial.ILaconic acid plays an imporLanL role in in-flammaLion and immune diseases.The anLi-inflammaLory and anLibacLerial mechanisms of iLaconic acid involve macrophage acLivaLion,polarizaLion,generaLion of reacLive oxygen species,meLabolic reprogramming,immune regula-Lion,Irg1paLhway,I k B灼inflammation parhrray etc.I l has aLLracLed widespread aLLenLion from scienLisLs.SLudies have found LhaL blocking or increasing Lhe producLion of iLaconic acid can promoLe or inhibiL Lhe occurrence and developmenL of diseases,buL iLs mechanism in inflammaLion and anLibacLerial is noL compleLely clear.Therefore,in-depLh sLudy of Lhe role of iLaconic acid in diseases is expecLed Lo provide reference for Lhe applicaLion of iLaconic acid in clinical drsease.［Key words］ILaconic acid;Biomarker;AnLibacLerial;Inflammation;ImmunomodulaLory衣康酸是一种广泛应用于工业生产的二羧酸，主要由曲霉菌以顺乌头酸为底物在线粒体外经顺乌头酸脱羧酶生成［1］。
关于科学研究的英文作文
关于科学研究的英文作文英文回答：Scientific research is a systematic and organized process of inquiry that aims to generate new knowledgeabout the natural world. It involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data inorder to gain a deeper understanding of the world around us. The scientific method, which is the backbone of scientific research, is a rigorous approach that emphasizesobjectivity, empirical evidence, and logical reasoning.There are numerous types of scientific research, each with its own distinct goals and methodologies. Some common types include:Basic research: Aims to expand our fundamental knowledge of the natural world without any specificpractical application in mind.Applied research: Focuses on solving specific problems or developing new technologies with practical applications.Translational research: Bridges the gap between basic and applied research by translating basic research findings into practical applications.Clinical research: Involves the study of human subjects to assess the safety and efficacy of new treatments or interventions.Social science research: Examines social phenomena using scientific methods to understand human behavior and social structures.Scientific research plays a crucial role in our society by advancing our understanding of the world, leading to technological advancements, improving human health, and informing policy decisions. It is an essential tool for progress and innovation, and it drives our quest for knowledge and a better understanding of our place in the universe.中文回答：科学研究是一个系统化和有组织的探究过程，旨在产生关于自然界的新知识。
材料表面浸润性对细菌粘附的影响
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研究论文
材料表面浸润性对细菌粘附的影响
,
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(食品科学与技术国家重点实验室，江南大学，江苏无锡214122)
摘要：材料表面的细菌粘附常引起食品腐败或植入性感染，有时甚至会引发疾病，而控制细菌 在材料表面的初始粘附能够减少这些安全隐N。作者通过化学接枝的方法，制备了不同表面浸 润性的材料，并与大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌及金黄色葡萄球菌等3种常见致病菌共同培养,系统 地研究了材料表面浸润性对细菌粘附的影响。研究结果表明，随着材料表面疏水性的增加，其抗 细菌粘附能力显著提升。另夕卜，表面带负电材料的抗菌能力更强。这些结果能够帮助理解细菌在 材料表面粘附的内在机理，同时有助于抗菌材料的设计和制备。 关键词：表面接枝；表面浸润性；抑制细菌粘附；生物膜 中图分类号:TS 206.1 文章编号：1673-1689(2019)03-0026-06 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn. 1673-1689.2019.03.004
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新型半自动输液打孔机在林业病虫害微孔施药技术中的应用研究
农业灾害研究 2023,13(12)新型半自动输液打孔机在林业病虫害微孔施药技术中的应用研究田羽博，冯 迅，卢丹颖，杨 烨，李伊芷嫣东北林业大学，黑龙江哈尔滨 150040摘要 微孔施药注射技术是一种向植物内部木质部细胞组织注射药物的病虫害防治方法。
长期以来，如何准确控制输液打孔至木质部位的尺寸深度，一直困扰着林业工作者。
目前，一种能够精准控制输液钻孔尺寸深度、让钻头按照预期轨道和规定运动参数推进的半自动输液打孔机，为微孔施药注射技术在输液钻孔至木质部位实现了精准的效果。
详细介绍了新型半自动输液打孔机的基本原理和技术参数，并深入阐述了新型半自动输液打孔机的功能原理和操作方法及主要优势，以供林业相关工作者参考。
关键词 木质部；形成层；半自动输液打孔机；微孔施药注射技术；微控制器中图分类号：S763 文献标识码：B 文章编号：2095–3305(2023)12–0061-05植物在生长过程中会由于各种因素而影响其健康生长，比如遇到病虫害或在生长期营养元素缺失，这些因素制约了树木的生长发育。
为确保植物的生发态势，要采取措施加强病虫害防治效果，提高树木质量和成活率[1]。
目前，现有传统化学农药喷洒防治法在应用过程中存在无法防治树体内部病虫害、施药会产生环境污染等弊端。
微孔施药注射技术在应用过程中不受外界因素干扰，通过将药液注入树干木质部位，借助木质部自身蒸腾的作用和输送与扩散功能防治病虫害，且杀虫范围广泛，对林业病虫害的预防和治疗均有很好的功效，施药时还不会给外界环境产生污染，对隐蔽性较强的病害消杀效果也很好，能有效弥补传统外用喷洒方法的缺失。
微孔施药注射技术又称“静点”注射法，即用钻头在树木的树干木质部位钻一个输液孔洞，然后将输液器针头沿着钻好的输液孔洞插入树木的木质部位，利用植株的蒸腾作用将药液输入树木的各个细胞组织，实现药物在树体内均匀分布，从而实现林业病虫害防治达到最佳效果。
微孔施药注射技术在输液打孔作业中，现有钻孔机无法准确控制打孔尺寸深度，导致无法准确钻孔至木质部位，给微孔施药注射技术在输液钻孔方面带来了工作困扰，导致该无公害施药技术的推广遇到瓶颈，影响了病虫害防治的效果。
微透析技术的应用
参考文献
[1]余自成，陈红专，微透析技术在药物代谢和药代动力学研究中的应用，中国离床药理学杂志2001年1月第17卷第1期76-80
[2]David J. Weiss, Craig E. Lunte,In vivo microdialysis as a tool for monitoring pharmacokinetics,trends in analytical chemistry, vol. 19, no. 10,(2000)606-616
第二是flexible probe，它是由两根由透析膜覆盖的硅管组成。它的柔性足以在清醒动物的血管内取样，但是在体内其他组织，如肝，肌肉和肿瘤等，还有一定局限性。因为他还是不能确保探针不伤害靶组织。[6]
第三是linear probe，可用于肌肉，皮肤，肝脏和肿瘤等空间分辨率不像脑中那么重要的地方。Linear probe是将探针穿在组织中，使得透析膜能够完全的植入靶组织。[6]
[3] William F.Elmquist,Ronald J.Sawchuk,Application of Microdialysis in Pharmacokinetic Studies,Phramaceutical Research,Vol.14,No.3(1997)267-288
[4] Roger K. Verbeeck,Blood microdialysis in pharmacokinetic and drug metabolism,Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 45 (2000) 217–228
[5] Virna J.A. Schuck, Irene Rinas, In vitro microdialysis sampling of docetaxel,Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 36 (2004) 807–813
SCI收录关于食品微生物发酵刊物
SCI收录关于微生物发酵刊物Abbreviated Journal Title Impact FactorADV APPL MICROBIOL 1.821ADV MICROB PHYSIOL 4.9ANN MICROBIOL 0.315ANNU REV MICROBIOL 14.362ANTIMICROB AGENTS CH 4.39APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 0.51APPL ENVIRON MICROB 4.004APPL MICROBIOL BIOT 2.475AQUA T MICROB ECOL 2.385ARCH MICROBIOL 1.838BIOMED MICRODEVICES 3.073BIOMICROFLUIDICSBMC MICROBIOL 2.982BRAZ J MICROBIOL 0.339CAN J MICROBIOL 1.286CELL HOST MICROBECELL MICROBIOL 5.293CLIN HEMORHEOL MICRO 0.977CLIN MICROBIOL INFEC 2.98CLIN MICROBIOL REV 15.764COMP IMMUNOL MICROB 0.81CRIT REV MICROBIOL 3.368CURR MICROBIOL 1.167CURR OPIN MICROBIOL 7.654CURR TOP MICROBIOL 4.411ENVIRON MICROBIOL 4.929ENZYME MICROB TECH 1.969EUR J CLIN MICROBIOL 2.309FEMS MICROBIOL ECOL 3.039FEMS MICROBIOL LETT 2.274FEMS MICROBIOL REV 9.25FOLIA MICROBIOL 0.989FOOD MICROBIOL 2.039FUTURE MICROBIOL 0.645GEOMICROBIOL J 1.655IEE P-MICROW ANTEN P 0.489IEEE MICRO 1.701IEEE MICROW MAG 1.18IEEE MICROW WIREL CO 1.725IEEE T MICROW THEORY 1.907IET MICROW ANTENNA PINT J ANTIMICROB AG 2.338 INT J FOOD MICROBIOL 2.581 INT J MED MICROBIOL 2.524 INT J RF MICROW C E 0.291INT MICROBIOL 2.617J ANTIMICROB CHEMOTH 4.038 J APPL MICROBIOL 2.501J BASIC MICROB 0.991J CLIN MICROBIOL 3.708J ELECTRON MICROSC 1.172J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL 1.525 J GEN APPL MICROBIOL 0.925 J IND MICROBIOL BIOT 1.681J MED MICROBIOL 2.091J MICROBIOL 2.05J MICROBIOL BIOTECHN 2.062 J MICROBIOL METH 2.153J MICROELECTROMECH S 1.964 J MICROENCAPSUL 1.168J MICROLITH MICROFAB 0.986 J MICROMECH MICROENG 1.93 J MICRO-NANOLITH MEMJ MICROPALAEONTOL 0.258J MICROSC-OXFORD 1.565J MOL MICROB BIOTECH 2.588 J RECONSTR MICROSURG 0.722 LETT APPL MICROBIOL 1.623 MAR MICROPALEONTOL 1.505 MED MICROBIOL IMMUN 1.537 METHOD MICROBIOL 0.6 MICRO 0.172MICRO NANO LETT 0.63 MICROB CELL FACT 0.547 MICROB DRUG RESIST 1.543 MICROB ECOL 2.558MICROB PA THOGENESIS 2.064 MICROBES INFECT 2.523 MICROBIOL IMMUNOL 1.295 MICROBIOL MOL BIOL R 14.629 MICROBIOL RES 1.535 MICROBIOLOGY+ 0.597 MICROBIOL-SGM 3.11 MICROCHEM J 1.8 MICROCHIM ACTA 1.959MICROCIRCULA TION 2.955MICROELECTRON ENG 1.503MICROELECTRON INT 0.571MICROELECTRON J 0.609MICROELECTRON RELIAB 1.011MICROFLUID NANOFLUID 2.241MICROGRA VITY SCI TEC 0.467MICROLITHOGR WORLD 0.29MICRON 1.651MICROPALEONTOLOGY 0.647MICROPOR MESOPOR MA T 2.21MICROPROCESS MICROSY 0.524MICROSC MICROANAL 1.941MICROSC RES TECHNIQ 1.644MICROSCALE THERM ENG 1.417MICROSURG 1.07MICROSYST TECHNOL 0.912MICROV ASC RES 2.365MICROW OPT TECHN LET 0.631MICROWA VE J 0.191MICROWA VES RF 0.054MOL MICROBIOL 5.462MOL PLANT MICROBE IN 4.275NANOSC MICROSC THERM 0.538NA T REV MICROBIOL 14.959NEW MICROBIOL 0.956ORAL MICROBIOL IMMUN 1.854RES MICROBIOL 2.219REV MED MICROBIOL 1SUPERLA TTICE MICROST 1.344SYST APPL MICROBIOL 2.514TRENDS MICROBIOL 7.618ULTRAMICROSCOPY 1.996VET MICROBIOL 2.01WORLD J MICROB BIOT 0.745相对比较容易发表的杂志：J Clin Microbiol2009IF：4.162杂志国家：United States2008收稿量：732发表周期：Monthly投稿网站：https:///ASM2/CALogon.jsp. 审稿周期：30天投稿经验总结：主要集中在微生物的etiological agents, diagnosis and epidemiology。
微生物专业名词英文小作文
微生物专业名词英文小作文Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are tiny living organisms that are invisible to the naked eye. These microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Microbiology is a broad field that encompasses many different areas of study, including medical microbiology, environmental microbiology, and industrial microbiology.Medical microbiology focuses on the study of microorganisms that cause disease in humans. This includes the study of bacteria and viruses that cause infections, as well as the development of vaccines and other treatments to combat these pathogens. Medical microbiologists also study the role of microorganisms in the human microbiome, whichis the collection of microorganisms that live in and on our bodies and play a crucial role in our health.Environmental microbiology, on the other hand, focuses on the study of microorganisms in the environment. This includes the study of how microorganisms impact the health of ecosystems, as well as their role in processes such as nutrient cycling and bioremediation. Environmentalmicrobiologists also study the use of microorganisms in environmental monitoring and pollution control.Industrial microbiology is the application of microorganisms in industrial processes. This includes the use of microorganisms in the production of food and beverages, the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, and the production of biofuels. Industrial microbiologists also study the use of microorganisms in waste treatment and the development of new biotechnologies.Overall, microbiology is a diverse and exciting field that plays a crucial role in many aspects of our lives. From understanding the causes of infectious diseases to developing new ways to produce sustainable energy, microbiology has the potential to make a significant impact on our world.微生物学是研究微生物的学科，微生物是一种肉眼无法看到的微小生物。
微生物分析—实验室实践—酵母泥处理微生物纯度检测
HMESC: 02.15.06.006 MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS - LABORATORY PRACTICES PROCESSING OF YEAST SLURRIES微生物分析—实验室实践—酵母泥处理1 SCOPE范围Samples of yeast slurries are analysed for microbiological purity.酵母样微生物纯度检测。
2 FIELD OF APPLICATION应用范围The methods for laboratory handling of yeast slurry samples and the required tests are described. 酵母泥样品实验室处理方法以及检测要求描述。
3 PRINCIPLE原理Brewer’s yeast comprises a concentrated pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Specific strains of this microorganism are utilised for the fermentation of different alcoholic beverages and strain purity is essential to ensure a product of standard quality. Therefore yeast samples are routinely screened for the presence of contaminating microorganisms, including bacteria and wild yeasts.酿造酵母包含浓缩纯培养啤酒酵母。
应用于不同酒精饮料的菌株以及绝对纯种发酵对确保生产质量至关重要。
因此，日常要检测酵母是否污染微生物，包括细菌与野生酵母。
critical reviews in microbiology 小类分区
critical reviews in microbiology 小类分区《Microbiology》杂志是一个综合性的微生物学期刊，它涵盖了多个方面的微生物学研究。
该杂志在小类分区（Subject Category Partition）中包含的一些子领域如下：
1. 微生物遗传学（Microbial Genetics）
2. 微生物生理学（Microbial Physiology）
3. 微生物生态学（Microbial Ecology）
4. 感染与免疫（Infection and Immunity）
5. 微生物发育与进化（Microbial Development and Evolution）
6. 微生物病原学与致病机制（Microbial Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of Disease）
7. 微生物生物技术（Microbial Biotechnology）
8. 微生物环境适应性（Microbial Environmental Adaptation）
9. 病毒学（Virology）
10. 细菌学（Bacteriology）
11. 真菌学（Mycology）
12. 原生生物学（Protozoology）
这仅仅是一些具体的子领域示例，实际上，微生物学领域非常广泛，还有其他许多特定的小类分区。
具体的小类分区取决于期刊的分类标准和内容覆盖范围。
关于科学研究的英文作文
关于科学研究的英文作文Science research plays a crucial role in advancing human knowledge and improving the quality of life.科学研究在推动人类知识的进步和改善生活质量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。
From understanding the fundamental laws of nature to developing new technologies, scientific research has contributed immensely to the progress of civilization.从理解自然界的基本规律到开发新技术，科学研究对文明的进步有着巨大的贡献。
One of the key aspects of scientific research is the process of experimentation and observation, where researchers formulate hypotheses and test them through controlled experiments.科学研究的一个关键方面是实验和观察的过程，研究人员通过控制实验来构建假设并进行测试。
This empirical approach allows scientists to gather data and draw conclusions based on evidence, leading to the accumulation of knowledge and the validation of scientific theories.这种经验主义的方法使科学家能够收集数据并根据证据得出结论，从而积累知识并验证科学理论。
Moreover, collaboration and exchange of ideas among scientists from different backgrounds and disciplines further contribute to the cross-pollination of ideas and the advancement of scientific understanding.此外，来自不同背景和学科的科学家之间的合作和思想交流进一步促进了思想的交汇和科学理解的进步。
科学研究问题例子小学生作文素材
科学研究问题例子小学生作文素材Scientific research is a crucial aspect of our society, as it helps us understand the world around us and find solutions to complex problems. 科学研究是我们社会的一个重要方面，它帮助我们了解周围的世界，并找到复杂问题的解决方案。
One major scientific research problem that has captured the interest of many young students is climate change. 气候变化是引起许多年轻学生兴趣的一个重要科学研究问题。
Children in elementary school are often taught about the impact that human activities have on the environment and how this is contributing to the changing climate. 小学生经常被教导人类活动对环境的影响以及这如何导致气候变化。
This topic can inspire young minds to think critically about their own actions and how they can help mitigate the effects of climate change. 这个话题可以激发年轻人批判性地思考他们自己的行为，以及他们可以如何帮助减轻气候变化的影响。
By conducting research on climate change, students can come up with creative solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and protect our planet for future generations. 通过对气候变化的研究，学生可以提出创造性的解决方案，减少温室气体排放，保护我们的星球，造福后代。
科研成果英语作文
科研成果英语作文Title: Breakthrough in Scientific ResearchScientific research is vital for the advancement of society and the improvement of human life. It involves the systematic investigation of natural phenomena, aimed at discovering new knowledge or understanding existing theories. Over the years, scientists have made numerous groundbreaking discoveries that have changed the way we live and perceive the world around us.One recent breakthrough in scientific research is the development of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This revolutionary gene-editing tool allows scientists to modify DNA sequences and alter gene function with unprecedented precision and efficiency. CRISPR-Cas9 has the potential to revolutionize medicine, agriculture, and biotechnology, offering new possibilities for treating genetic disorders, creatingdisease-resistant crops, and developing novel therapies for various diseases.Another significant achievement in scientific research is the discovery of gravitational waves. In 2015, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) detected gravitational waves for the first time, confirming one of the keypredictions of Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity. Gravitational waves provide a new way of observing the universe and studying cosmic phenomena, opening up a new era in astrophysics and cosmology.In the field of neuroscience, researchers have made remarkable progress in understanding the workings of the human brain. Advances in neuroimaging techniques, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG), have enabled scientists to map brain activity and study the neural basis of cognition, emotion, and behavior. This knowledge has profound implications for the treatment of neurological and psychiatric disorders, as well as for enhancing human cognitive abilities.Biomedical research has also yielded significant advancements in the fight against diseases such as cancer,HIV/AIDS, and Alzheimer's. The development of new drugs, vaccines, and therapies has improved survival rates and quality of life for patients with these conditions, offering hope for the future of healthcare and medicine.Furthermore, innovations in renewable energy technologies have the potential to address climate change and reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The development of solar panels, windturbines, and electric vehicles has led to a cleaner and more sustainable energy future, paving the way for a greener planet for future generations.In conclusion, scientific research plays a crucial role in driving progress and innovation in various fields. Breakthroughs in technology, medicine, astronomy, neuroscience, and renewable energy have the potential to transform society and improve the lives of people around the world. As we continue to invest in research and exploration, we can look forward to even greater discoveries and advancements that will shape the future of humanity.。
NPC乳鼠Purkinje细胞原代培养及Ca2+动力学特征和小鼠小脑氨基酸测定
华中科技大学硕士学位论文NPC乳鼠Purkinje细胞原代培养及Ca2+动力学特征和小鼠小脑氨基酸测定姓名：余姗姗申请学位级别：硕士专业：神经病学指导教师：卜碧涛2010-04华中科技大学硕士学位论文NPC乳鼠Purkinje细胞原代培养及Ca2+动力学特征和小鼠小脑氨基酸测定华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院神经内科硕士研究生：余姗姗导师：卜碧涛中文摘要第一部分NPC乳鼠Purkinje细胞原代培养及细胞Ca2+电流和Ca2+动力学特征目的建立简单有效的NPC乳鼠Purkinje细胞原代培养方法，初步研究其细胞电生理特性，并将培养细胞用荧光染料Fluo-3/AM标记后在共聚焦显微镜下测定细胞内Ca2+浓度,比较NPC-/-乳鼠及野生型乳鼠培养细胞各观察指标之间的差异。
方法钝性分离生后24h内的乳鼠小脑，采用低浓度胰蛋白酶加机械吹打法获得单细胞悬液，然后用含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养，24h后更换为1%N2+1%T3+1%谷氨酰胺的DMEM/F12维持培养，3-5d后进行细胞免疫荧光染色，5-7d后在共聚焦显微镜下测定Purkinje 细胞内基础荧光强度值以及加入KCL溶液（60umol/l）以及NBQX(AMPA受体阻滞剂)后荧光强度值的变化，利用相应软件处理后得出细胞内Ca2+浓度测定结果，7-9d后用全细胞膜片钳单通道法记录钙电流。
结果该方法培养的神经元形态典型，细胞学鉴定阳性率高(>70%)，并记录到钙通道电流，且NPC-/-乳鼠培养细胞Ca2+浓度高于野生型乳鼠。
结论该方法取材容易，操作简单，培养的Purkinje细胞生长状态良好，活性较高，可用于电生理和Ca2+动力学研究。
关键词原代培养；Purkinje细胞；乳鼠；全细胞膜片钳；单通道记录法；共华中科技大学硕士学位论文聚焦；细胞内Ca2+浓度测定第二部分质谱分析法测定五周龄NPC小鼠小脑皮层3种氨基酸含量目的测定五周龄NPC小鼠小脑皮层氨基酸含量，比较NPC-/-小鼠与野生型小鼠小脑内氨基酸含量的差异。
川楝素腹腔注射对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50) 的测定
的结合点位〔J 〕. 生理学报 ,1994 ,46 (6) :546～552. 5 李培忠 ,邹 镜 ,缪武阳 ,等 1 川楝素对肉毒中毒动物的治
疗效果〔J 〕. 中草药 ,1982 ,13 (6) :28～33.
每组10只称取小鼠体重按012ml10腹腔注射川楝素注射液各组注射液浓度根据小鼠25急性中毒症状主要表现为精神萎靡全身出汗呼吸急促被毛松乱蜷曲不食扎堆给药后0156死亡尸检可见胃肠臌胀肝脏肺脏充血
λω
中兽医医药杂志 J TCV M 2004 年第 3 期
川楝素腹腔注射对小白鼠半数致死量 (LD50) 的测定
张先福1 ,2 ,张树方2 ,齐守军3 ,史夏云2 , 李 娟2 ,杨瑞琳2
(1. 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院 , 陕西杨凌 712100 ; 2. 山西省家畜疫病防治站 ; 3. 大同市兽医防治站)
摘 要 : 用寇氏 (k rber) 法测定了川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的半数致死量 (LD50) 。取 90 只小鼠 ,雌雄各半 , 体重 (25 ±2) g。以 10 %丙二醇生理盐水为溶媒 ,按序贯法测出川楝素腹腔注射小鼠 100 %致死率 ;将高剂量组与 低剂量组的组间剂量比设定为 112 ,染毒测定其 LD50 。结果川楝素腹腔注射对小鼠的 LD50为 13184 mg/ kg ,95 % 可信限为 12146～15137 mg/ kg。 关键词 : 川楝素 ; 小鼠 ; 半数致死量 中图分类号 : S85918 文献标识码 : A 文章编号 : 1000 - 6354 (2004) 03 - 0012 - 02
中毒性疾病与毒理学研究 。
川楝素腹腔注射对小白鼠半数致死量(LD50) 的测定
线性微透析探针用户指南(LM Linear Probes User’s Guide )
LM Linear ProbesUser’s Guide02/06 rev.A-1340Microdialysis sampling was originally developed in theneurosciences for use in brain tissue.The use of microdialysis sampling in pharmacokinetics research has proven to have many benefits such as more frequent data points, clean samples, no loss of body fluid and consumption of fewerexperimental animals per study.The BAS linear tissue probe is suitable for in vivo sampling from peripheral tissues such as the dermis, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, liver and other organs.The microdialysis probe consists of a short length of hollow dialysis fiber attached to narrow bore inlet and outlet tubes.An aqueous perfusion solution, which closely matches the ionic composition of the surrounding extracellular fluid, is pumped through the probe at a constant flow rate.Low molecular weight analytes diffuse in or out of the probe rge molecules such as proteins or analytes bound to protein are excluded by the membrane.Molecules entering the lumen of the probe are swept away by the perfusion fluid.This dialysate is then collected for analysis.Standard probes are available with either 10 mm or 5 mm active lengths of dialysis membrane.Long inlet and outlet tubesfacilitate subcutaneous externalization of the probes when used in awake animals.The fiber skeleton assists implantation and strengthens the probe.A plug seals the end of the probe from which the fiber skeleton extends.This plug keeps body fluids from entering the probe during surgery.It must be cut off before the probe is connected to a syringe pump and perfused.IntroductionDesignProbe PreparationProbe EfficiencyProbe Implantation in Dermis or Skeletal MusclePores within the dialysis membrane are coated with a protective layer of glycerol.Until removed, glycerol may interfere withassay results or affect recovery.For in vivo studies, the probe is usually implanted without flushing.Glycerol will be metabolized by the tissue during normal recovery (usually within a few days after the implant surgery).Pretreatment of the probe is not recommended for in vivo studies because the plug would have to be removed.Also, once wetted, the membrane becomes softer and more difficult to handle.For in vitro studies, the temporary plug must be removed before the probe can be perfused.Place the probe in water, Ringer’s solution, or artificial CSF and perfuse with the same solution at 2 µL/min for 30 minutes to remove the glycerol.Microdialysis sampling is not typically performed underequilibrium conditions, so the concentration of analyte within the lumen of the dialysis fiber will not match the concentration of analyte in the surrounding tissue.The perfusion flow rate usually sweeps the sample through the probe too rapidly for equilibrium to be established between the probe lumen and the surrounding sample matrix.The dialysate concentration of the analyte relative to the concentration in the sample matrix is termed recovery.Recovery may be thought of as a measure of probe efficiency.Among the factors which affect recovery aremembrane surface area, temperature, perfusion flow rate, and nature of the analyte.The need to determine a probe’s in vivo efficiency depends on the nature of the information desired from the study.Studies of endogenous compounds usually compare changes in concentration to a pre-perturbation basal level.For many pharmacokinetic applications it is not necessary todetermine probe efficiency since the probe will provide reliable reflection of the analyte concentration in the extracellular fluid.If the actual tissue concentration must be obtained, in vivo calibration will be necessary.If the probe has been used in vitro, or the plug and fiberextension have been removed, see the section below entitled Implanting A Probe That Has Been Used In Vitro.Otherwise,please do the following:1.Anesthetize the animal and prepare and/or expose the target tissue.For subdermal or subcutaneus studies,this preparation may involve shaving hair and cleansing the skin over the intended implant site.2.Thread the probe fiber into the eye of the needle.3.Insert the needle through the tissue.The entry and exitpoints should be at least 4 mm further apart than the length of the probe membrane.In some cases, it may be easier to position the needle in the tissue and then thread the fiber into the needle.4.Gently draw the needle through the tissue.Be sure the fiber remains threaded through the eye of the needle.5.Adjust the position of the probe so the entire membrane window is centered in the tissue.Linear microdialysis probes are guaranteed for a single use only.If used in vitro,a probe must be kept wet once wetted.Rehydration of a dried dialysis membrane will not restore function.6a.Dermis:To hold the probe window in the desired position,anchor the probe to the skin using a small drop of tissue glue (MR-5314) at the entry and exit points.6b.Muscle:T o ensure that the probe window remains inposition in the muscle, use tissue glue as described in 6a or apply pairs of glue dots to the probe tubing at each side.Suture the probe to the muscle between each set of glue dots.7.If this study will be conducted in an awake and moving animal, externalize the probe tubing.a.For a probe implanted laterally in the skin of the rat’s back, make a small lateral incision just anterior to the probe entry and exit ing an introducer needle (MR-5313), tunnel from an incision to an externalization site at the back of the neck.Slide the probe tubing through the introducer.Remove the introducer, leaving the probe tubing in place.Repeat for the other probe conduit.Adjust the conduits so they lay against the skin but avoid having them pulled so tight that the tubingcrimps.Seal the small incisions near the probe and at the back of the neck with tissue glue.b.For a probe implanted in skeletal muscle, use the introducer needle to tunnel under the skin from theimplantation site to the externalization site at the back of the neck.Slide the probe tubing through the introducer.Remove the introducer, leaving the probe tubing in place.Adjust the conduits as necessary so they curve smoothly away from the implantation sites without crimping.Close the incision at the back of the neck with tissue glue.Do not tie the sutures so tightly around the probe tubing that flow is cut off or restricted.Externalizing TubingFor Probe Implanted in DermisProbe tubing sealed to skin with tissue glue8.Using a razor blade and a blunt cut, shear the temporary glue plug from the probe.DO NOT USE SCISSORS!To be sure that you have cut away all of the plug, cut ~ 1 cm of tubing from the plug end.Connect the other end of the probe to a syringe pump using flanged tubing connectors (see 13 below).Begin perfusion at 1 or 2 µl/min.Allow several minutes for flow to beestablished through the probe.If flow does not occur, cut away an additional 5-6 mm of probe tubing.Recheck until flow is established.T urn off the pump or disconnect the probe before proceeding.9.Remove the 1 cm long plastic connector from the center well of the probe package.Slide it over the freshly cut end of the probe, about 2 or 3 cm from the end.10.Place a dot of MR-5314 glue on the brown probe tubingabout 3 mm from the end.Now slide the plastic connector back over the glue and toward the cut end.Capillary action should cause the glue to run towards the connector rather than into the open endof the brown probe tubing.If using a hypodermic needle,follow instructions 3 and 4 in the previous section.11.Let this glue joint set for at least 30 minutes.Trim off anybrown probe tubing extending beyond the end of the e tubing connectors (MD-1510) to join the probe to the FEP Teflon tubing (MF-5164) which is used to make connections to syringes, fraction collectors, etc.Test perfusion flow as described in step 8, above.12.For studies in anesthetized animals, perfuse the probe withthe preferred solution (e.g.Ringer’s) for 30 to 60 minutes before beginning the experimental challenge.30 min.13.For studies in awake animals, make the necessaryconnections to the tether line.If using the BeeKeeperAwake Animal System, connect the probe inlet and outlet to the liquid swivel with FEP tubing and then makeconnections from the swivel to the syringe pump and to the sample collection device.For the Raturn system, join the syringe pump to the probe inlet with a piece of FEP tubing fed through the central tube of the arm.Bring a second piece of FEP tubing from the probe outlet through the tube to the sample collector.The probe inlet and outlet tubing should be fastened to the flags on the tether line with laboratory tape.The tension should be on the tether line, not the probe tubing.However,do not leave so much slack that the animal can catch and pull or chew on the tubing.14.Begin the perfusion at not more than 1 or 2 µL/min toestablish that there is flow through the probe.The dead volume of the FEP tubing is 1.2 µL/100 mm.If you have used 50 cm of tubing in your system, starting at the syringe pump and ending at the fraction collector, you will have at least 6 µL of dead volume to fill (not counting the volume of swivels, probes, etc).Ata flow rate of 2mL/min, it will take > 3 minutes before fluid will appear at the end of the last tubing segment.15.If possible, allow the animal to awaken and recover in theawake animal bowl, with all connections to the awake animal system intact.Since the fiber extension and plug have been removed, it is necessary to use an alternate implantation technique:1.Expose the target tissue and insert a 21 or 23 gaugehypodermic needle (at least 1 inch long) through entry and exit points in the tissue.2.Note that the points of entry and exit should be at least 4mm farther apart than the length of the probe membrane.3.Thread the cut end of the brown tubing into the bevel of the needle until it exits at the hub.Gently pull the probe through until the membrane glue joint reaches the bevel.The membrane may NOT slip into the needle, but this is not necessary.4.Holding the brown tubing and the needle hub, back the needle out, leading the membrane into place in the tissue.As soon as the membrane is fully into the tissue, release the brown tubing.Gently hold the opposite end of the probe tubing and finish extracting the needle from the tissue.5.If necessary, gently adjust the position of the probe membrane to center it in the tissue.In order to minimize the dead volume of the system and avoid excessive back pressure on the probe membrane,the total tubing length connected to the probe outlet should not exceed 1 meter.For the swivel system,this is the total of tubing from probe to swivel plus that from the swivel to the sample collector.Implanting A Probe That Has Already Been Used InVitroFlanged tubing connectors join FEP tubing to inlet and outlet cannulas.Tubing should touch the cannula being joined, leaving no dead space in between.6.Go back to step 6 in previous instructions.Continue to anchor probe and attach connector.The following special items will be required for this procedure:1fine sewing needle or hypodermic needle (25 ga.X 1 or 2 inches)2surgical introducers (MR-5313)1large (14 or 16 ga.) hypodermic needle,at least 1.5 inches long2small glass beads (e.g.craft beads) with hole large enough to slide over connector at the end of probe1.Shave and cleanse the back of the neck and the abdominal area.2.At the back of the neck, make an incision only through the skin.The incision should be 1 cm long and perpendicular to the mid-line of the body.3.Make an abdominal incision along the mid-line of the body.This incision should begin at the xiphoid process andextend about 3 cm toward the tail.The xiphoid process is a white cartilage extension of the sternum which won’t be visible until the muscle wall is opened.4.Carefully loosen the skin from the underlying muscle along the edges of the incision.5.With the rat on its side, position the first surgical introducer by tunneling between the skin and muscle.Begin from the abdominal incision and aim up over the shoulder toward the incision at the back of the neck.Keep the pressure on the introducer toward the skin rather than the muscle.Leave the introducer in place, extending from the neck and the abdominal incision.6.Repeat the process on the opposite side with the second introducer.7.Place the rat on his back (the introducers will cross at the back of the neck).Using forceps with tissue grips, lift the abdominal ing small scissors, begin near the posterior end of the exposed muscle and carefully make the incision through the muscle wall.Lift the muscle away from the internal organs as you work.The placement of this incision should correspond to the one in the skin.8.Moisten your finger tips and a cotton swab with salinesolution (0.9% by weight NaCl).Use the moistened swab to gently lift the central lobe of the liver (the largest section).Carefully grasp the lobe with your finger tips.Apply justenough pressure to keep it from slipping but do not squeeze the tissue.9.Insert the sewing needle or 25 ga hypodermic needle through the tissue, making sure that the entry and exitpoints are farther apart than the length of probe window and that the shaft of the needle is fully embedded in tissue.Keep in mind that the needle’s pathway through the tissue defines the probe’s position with respect to the tissue.Handle a wetted probe with extra care.The membrane has been rendered more delicate by the wetting procedure.Implanting A Probe In Liver Tissue For Awake Animal StudiesQuantity Item10.Thread the extension of the fiber skeleton into the eye ofthe needle.Pull the needle through the liver, drawing the probe into place and positioning it so that the active window is embedded and centered in the lobe.If using a hypodermic needle, follow instructions 3 and 4 in the previous section.11.The probe can be secured in place using small beads.Thread a bead onto one end of the probe and position it about 1-2 mm from the tissue.Glue it to the probe tubing using a very small amount of tissue glue (MR-5314).Allow the glue to set, then repeat the process for the other side of the probe.12.Determine a position along the animal’s side where a probeshould exit the abdominal cavity.Insert a large gaugeneedle from between the skin and muscle into the cavity.Do not puncture any internal organs.13.Slip the end of the probe through the needle.Remove theneedle, leaving the probe tubing between the muscle and skin.Externalize the probe tubing by feeding it through the introducer and carefully removing the introducer through the back of the neck.14.The probe tubing should make a smooth curve between themuscle and skin and out the back of the neck.Do not pull the probe tight — leave a little slack.Repeat the process on the other side.15.Suture the incision in the abdominal muscle.Close bothskin incisions using tissue glue.16.Proceed as per step 8 in the section entitled ProbeImplantation to remove the temporary glue plug and attach the connector.Microdialysis samples are particle free, protein free and ready to be injected onto a liquid chromatograph for immediateanalysis.If you are loading the sample into an on-line injector,there will be no delay between the time of collection and time of analysis and there is nothing else to consider.If you arecollecting samples into glass or plastic vials for later analysis,there are a few precautions that should be taken.Microdialysates may contain the analyte you wish to study, but they will also be loaded with nutrients which have diffused out of the sample tissue (glucose, amino acids, lactate, vitamins).This makes microdialysis samples an ideal growth medium formicrobes.It takes surprisingly little time for an airborne spore to land in your sample, multiply at a logarithmic rate, eat nutrients in your sample and pollute it with metabolic waste.Retard bacterial growth by refrigerating or freezing samples as they are collected.After use, clean all parts of the system including tubing, swivels, syringes, etc.We recommend an antibacterial wash (e.g.ProClin150™ rinse, CF-2150 diluted to 0.005%) followed by thorough flushing with distilled water.Handle the probe very carefully.Avoid tugging at the joints between the membrane and the inlet/outlet tubing.While positioning the membrane window in the tissue,don’t spill glue on the liver.Sample Handling PrecautionsOrdering InformationWarrantyMD-2000LM-10 Linear Microdialysis Probes, 10 mmmembrane window, 6/pkg.MD-2005LM-5 Linear Microdialysis Probes, 5 mm membranewindow, 6/pkg.CUSTOM Any other membrane length, please inquire,allow four weeks for delivery MR-5314Veterinary Bonding Glue, 3 mL MR-5313Introducer NeedleMF-5164FEP T eflon T ubing, 0.65 mm OD x 0.12 mm ID,1 meter (clear)MD-1510Flanged T ubing Connectors (clear), 20/pkg.MD-1001Baby Bee Microdialysis Syringe Pump MD-1000Worker Bee Controller for Baby BeeMD-1508UniSwitch Syringe Selector:changes perfusion fluidwithout stopping flow MF-5365Surgical Instrument KitTM-1000Tissue Matrix:10 mm x 10 mm chamber forsectioning dissected tissue into slices for post-mortem histology.Other sizes and shapes (V-block, spheres) available.LM Linear Microdialysis Probes are warranted to be free from manufacturing defects and viable for a single use.Re-use of probes after insertion into tissue or handling during in vitro calibration studies is not guaranteed since this is wholly dependent on the skill of the individual user.BAS is liable only to the extent of replacement of defective items for claims registered within 90 days of the shipping date.BAS will not be liable for any personal injury,property damage, or consequential damages of any kind whatsoever arising from the use of the probe.This warranty does not cover damage to membranes or cannulas through improper preparation, inappropriateconnections or faulty handling by the user.The foregoing warranty is in lieu of all other warranties expressed or implied but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.BAS is a registered trademark of Bioanalytical Systems, Inc.All other trademarks are the property of their respective companies.U.S.Patent 5,706,806Bioanalytical Systems, Inc.2701 Kent AvenueWest Lafayette, IN 47906765-463-4527 765-497-1102 fax basi@。
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Basic Research
neuroscience and quantitative pharmacological research
Automated Blood sampling
automatically draw blood from freely moving undisturbed animals
Lindahl G, Saarinen N, Abrahamsson A, Dabrosin C. Cancer Res. 2011 Jan 1
ENL and Flax, but not GEN, decreased extracellular stroma-derived IL-1b and increased extracellular stroma- and cancer cell–derived IL-1Ra
鼠脑微透析样品中游离氨基酸的高效液相色谱图
色谱柱: Nova Pak C18 150×3. 9mm i. d. , 粒径5mm; 流动相: 自A →B, 流速1mLöm in; A 液 为乙酸钠缓冲液(20mmo löL , pH7. 2)ö甲醇ö四氢呋喃= 400ö95ö5 (V öV ) ; B 液为乙酸钠缓 冲液(20mmo löL , pH7. 2)ö甲醇=120ö380 (V öV ) ; 检测: 邻苯二甲醛(OPA ) 柱前衍生, 荧光 检测, K激发= 360nm; K发射= 455nm; 1天冬2 谷3 天冬酰4 丝5谷酰6 组7 甘8 苏9 精10 丙11r-氨基丁酸12 酪13内标14蛋15色16 缬 17 苯丙18异亮19亮20赖
沙鼠Gerbil
天竺鼠Guinea Pig
仓鼠Hamster
北极地鼠Arctic Ground Squirrel
Microdialysis systems
CMA microdialysis probe
探针使用的选择： 透析的区域，透析的物质，透析膜的材质，透析膜的长度， 透析膜的直径，透析管柄的长度
Microdialysis principle
Microdialysis principle
Use of Microdialysis
1. 2. 3. 4. 搜集细胞外液的化学物质 导入化学物质到细胞外液 搜集身体体液的化学物质 导入化学物质到身体体液
微透析取样 vs 血液取样
微透析取样 vs 组织切片
• • • • • •
不需要样品前处理 样品中没有蛋白质 不需要取血 取样位置最小的伤害 能定时取样 直接投药,并且持续取样
• • • •
较能代表正常的生理学状态 取样部位能各自独立运作 实验动物不需要被牺牲 实验动物需求量少
Perfused areas
脑Brain
血液Blood
脊椎神经Spinal Cord
History
1974 1984
首篇微透析论文出版 1987
Microdialysis 成立
微透析相关产品 推出
Basic principle
以扩散原理为基础的在体取样技术，是在非平衡条件下，膜外小分 子物质经扩散进入透析管内，并被微透析管中连续流动的灌流液不 断带出，从而达到从活体组织取样的目的。
Microdialysis in tumor
Increasing tumoral 5-fluorouracil concentrations during a 5-day continuous infusion: a microdialysis study.
Konings IR, Sleijfer S, Mathijssen RH, et al Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2010 Jul 23.
眼睛Eye
肠Intestine
心脏Heart
肝Liver
肌肉Muscle
肾脏Kidney 胃黏膜Gastric Mucosa 皮下组织Subcutaneous Tissue 肿瘤 Tumor
脂肪组织Adipose Tissue 肾上腺Adrenal Gland 子宫Uterus 皮肤Skin 胰腺Pancreas 肺脏Lung
soft and flexible construction easy implantation
Syringe Pumps
Microfraction Collectors
Other Instruments
Other Instruments
CMA's application areas
Reconstructive Surgery整形外科
Tamoxifen, Flaxseed, and the Lignan Enterolactone Increase Stroma- and Cancer Cell-Derived IL-1Ra and Decrease Tumor Angiogenesis in EstrogenDependent Breast Cancer.
Clinical Research
monitor local tissue chemistry in different tissues and organs after surgery with the potential to identify secondary complications and guide therapy. investigate drug delivery into local tissues and organs.
identify ischemia , thrombosis and deep buried flaps
Cardiac Monitoring
continuous measurements of metabolic markers early detection of post operative myocardial ischemia
Microdialysis in tumor
Microdialysis introduction
微透析（microdialysis）技术是一种特殊的化学物质取样方法，系 由西班牙之Delgado及瑞典之Ungerstedt等人于1972年自更早的压 轴导管改进而来。
提出将灌流液与细胞外液利用半透析膜隔开的构想。方法逐渐延续 发展至今，最后成为现今所用的微透析探针（microdialysis probe）
Experimental Microdialysis Models
微透析技术-麻醉动物实验
Experimental Microdialysis Models
微透析技术-清醒动物实验
清醒小鼠脑微透析系统
The mode of a combination of cerebral microdialysis and HPLC
Continuous Glucose Monitoring
continuous measurement of blood glucose and lactate
CMA's application areas
Neuro Monitoring
early indication of secondary injuries guide and evaluate therapy after Traumatic Brain Injury（外伤性脑损伤） and Subarachnoid Hemorrhage（蛛网膜下腔出血）.
Microdialysis in Scientific Research
Microdialysis systems (principle, products, outstanding aspects )
Application areas
(basic research, clinical research)
Probe guides
CMA 30 Linear Microdialysis Probe ideal for peripheral tissues such as skin, muscle, heart, adipose tissue, liver, eye and other organs as well as spinal cord and tumors.
species
大鼠Rat 狗Dog 绵羊Sheep 龙虾Lobster 小鼠Mouse 乳牛Cow 山羊Goat 蟹Crab 猪Pig 兔子Rabbit 狒狒Baboon 树Tree 人Human 马Horse 鸡Chick 鸽子Pigeon
猫Cat
田鼠Vole
猴子Monkey
鱼Fish
海龟Turtle
1. Obtain detailed information on drug concentrations at the tumor site. 2. Microdialysis is also feasible for longer periods of time in cancer patients treated with continuous 5-fluorouracil infusion during a 5 × 24 h period.