肿瘤病理学(2013.10.25)

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畸 胎 瘤 的 发 生 部 位
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骶 尾 部 畸 胎 瘤
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Nomenclature
Hamartomas and choristomas are tumor-like growths thought to be the result of developmental anomalies.
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Malignant tumor: It can invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize) to cause death. Malignant tumors are collectively referred to as cancers.
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Nomenclature
Exceptions to These Rules Neoplasms that sound benign but are really malignant: eg, lymphoma (lymphocyte), plasmacytoma (plasma cell), melanoma (melanocyte).
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Nomenclature
All tumors, benign and malignant, have two basic components: (1) the parenchyma, made up of transformed or neoplastic cells, and (2) the supporting, host-derived, non-neoplastic stroma, made up of connective tissue and blood vessels.
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The parenchyma of the neoplasm determines its biological behavior, and it is this component from which the tumor derives its name. The stroma carries the blood supply and provides support for the growth of parenchymal cells and is crucial to the growth of the neoplasm.
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Benign
tumor:
It
will
remain
localized, it cannot spread to other sites, and it is generally amenable to local surgical removal; the patient generally survives.
Benign epithelial neoplasms producing microscopically or macroscopically visible finger-like or warty projections from epithelial surfaces are referred to as papillomas
form large cystic masses, as in the ovary, are referred to as cystadenomas. produce papillary patterns that protrude into cystic spaces and are called papillary cystadenomas.
治疗原则
1.手术切除 2.化疗 3.放疗 4.支持疗法
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“肿块”都是肿瘤吗？ 肿瘤一定形成“肿块”吗？ 是良性肿瘤还是恶性肿瘤？ 良性肿瘤患者对机体的影响？ 恶性肿瘤的预后？ 肿瘤是如何发生发展的？如何防治？
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Tumor Neoplasm Cancer Carcinoma sarcoma
???
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Teratomas belong to a class of tumors known as Nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (N.S.G.C.T.). All tumors of this class are the result of abnormal development of pluriponent cells: germ cells and embryonal cells. Teratomas of embryonic origin are congenial, occur on the subject's midline: in the brain, elsewhere in the skull, in the nose, in the tongue, under the tongue, in the neck,mediastinum, retroperitoneum and attached to the coccyx. teratomas of germ cell origin may or may not be congenital, occur in the testes in men and ovaries in women.
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Neoplasia literally means the process of “new growth”， and a new growth is called a neoplasm. Oncology (Greek oncos = tumor) is the study of tumors or neoplasms.
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Definitions
The terms neoplasia and cancer are often incorrectly used interchangeably. Neoplasia refers to both benign and malignant growths, while "cancer" refers specifically to malignant neoplasia. Not all cancers will cause death. Some are discovered early and are treated successfully.
(adenocarcinomas if derived from glandular epithelia;
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Malignant mesenchymal neoplasms are named after the cell of origin, to which is added the suffix –sarcoma (eg, fibrosarcoma, liposarcoma, chondrosarcoma).
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Figure: Summary of Nomenclature of neoplasms arising from28 differentiated (adult-type) cells.
blastoma:neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma osteoblastoma Omatosis: neurofibromatosis lipomatosis,angiomatosis
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Malignant epithelial neoplasms are called carcinomas
squamous cell carcinoma and transitional cell carcinoma if originating in those kinds of epithelia).
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鳞
癌
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parenchyma
stroma
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parenchyma
stroma
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腺癌
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Classification of tumor
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benign tumors are designated by attaching the suffix –oma to the cell of origin. Tumors of mesenchymal cells generally follow this rule fibroma, ， chondroma, osteoma nomenclature of benign epithelial tumors is more complex. They are variously classified, some based on their cells of origin, microscopic architecture, their macroscopic patterns.
Leukemias: Neoplasms of blood-forming organs are called leukemias. Mixed Tumors: Neoplasms composed of more than one neoplastic cell type are called mixed tumors:salivary gland plemorphic adenoma.
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个人简介
黄益玲，武汉大学肿瘤学博士，副教授，三峡大学 151学术骨干，自2004年工作至今，主要从事本科生及 留学生病理学教学及科研工作，公开发表论文三十余 篇（其中SCI引用5篇，22 篇为第一作者），主持湖北 省教育厅及宜昌市科技局科研项目各一项，参与国家 级、省厅级科研项目9项，2010年赴美国kansas大学医 学中心访学一年。
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A neoplasm is an abnormal mass of tissue, the growth of which exceeds and is uncoordinated with that of the normal tissues and persists in the same excessive manner after cessation of the stimuli which evoked the change. These genetic changes allow excessive and Unregulated proliferation that becomes autonomous (independent of physiologic growth stimuli), although tumors generally remain dependent on the host for their nutrition and blood supply.