2021年英美合同法单词

英美合同法单词按课本出现顺序 Promise 允诺 Remedy 救济Competent persons 有相应行为能力之当事人Enforceable 可（由法律）强制执行的 Agreement 协议 P1Parties to the contract 合同当事人 Offeror 要约人 Offer 要约Offeree 受要约人 Aeptance 承诺 Assurance 确诺Manifestation of intent 意思表示 Commitment 许诺 Promisor 允诺人 Promisee 受允诺人 Beneficiary 受益人 Consideration 约因 Benefit 利益 Detriment 损害 Advantage 利益Disadvantage 不利益Object of the contract 合同标的 Statute of Frauds 防止欺诈条例P2Formation 合同成立 Enforcement 强制执行 Performance 履行Discharge 解除Bilateral contract 双务合同 Unilateral contract 单务合同A promise for a promise 以允诺换允诺A promise for an act 以允诺换行为 P3Inplete contract 不完全履行合同 Partial performance contract 部分履行合同Actual contract 真实合同 Express contract 明示合同 P4 Implied-in-fact contract 默示合同/事实默示的合同 P5Quasi-contract 准合同 / implied-in-law contract 法律默示的合同Meeting of minds 合意 Injustice 不公正Unjust eichment 不当得利Objective theory of contract 合同客观理论Intent 意图Resonably prudent person standard 合理谨慎人的标准 In jest 开玩笑 In anger 生气In excitement 兴奋状态 Invalid 无效 P6 Formal contract 要式合同 Contacts under seal 盖印合同 Recognizance 具结Acknowledge 承认Negotiable instruments 可转让票据 Letters of credit 信用证 Invoice 发票；发货单 Bill of lading 提单Informal contract 非要式合同/simple contract 简单合同 P8 Valid contract 有效合同 Void contract 无效合同Voidable contract 可撤销合同Unenforceable contract 不可强制执行的合同Contractual capacity 订约能力Nondisclosure agreement/NDA 保密协议Minors 未成年人Insane persons 精神病者 Intoxicated persons 酗酒人 Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响 Fraud 欺诈 P9Cases involving mutual mistake 双方都有误解的合同Contract at will 任意合同 Excuted contract/performedcontract/pleted contract 已履行/已完成的合同Excutory contract 待执行合同 P10Sources of contract law 合同法的渊源 Common law 普通法/judge-made law 法官造法General principle 一般法律原则The Uniform Commercial Code/UCC 统一商法典National Conference of Commission on Uniform State Law 美国统一州级法律委员会全国大会 Draft 起草（法律） Merchant 商人P11Restatement of the law, Second：Contracts 法律整编第二版：合同法 The American Law Institute 美国法学会The Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods/CISG ___国际货物买卖销售合同公约Firm offer rule 实盘规则（不可撤销要约规则）Mailbox rule 发信主义 Battle of forms 格式之争 Mirror image rule 镜像规则 P12Jurisprudential foundation 法理学基础Legal realism 法律现实主义 Open-ended standard 开口标准Formalities 形式 Make whole 填平Electronic Signature Act 电子签章法 P13Electronic sound 电子声音 Electronic symbol 电子符号Electronic process 电子程序 Preserve 保留 In writing 书面Laissez-faire 放任政策Freedom of contract 合同自由 P14Classical law of contracts 古典合同法理论Objective rules 客观规则 Certainty 确定性Predictability 可预见性Chain of distribution for goods 物流链 Form contract 标准合同Automobile contract 汽车买卖合同 Mortgage contract 抵押合同Sale contracts for consumer goods 消费品买卖合同Legal theories 法律原理/理论 Oppressive 强制性 Decisional law 判例法Small-town virtue 小城道德标准 Interest of business 商业的利益 Rural context 农村环境 Urban context 城市环境 P15 Defenses to the enforcement of a contract 对合同履行的抗辩Trade usage 行业惯例Specific performance 强制履行 Expectation interest 预期利益 Reliance interest 信赖利益Substitute performance 替代履行 Restitution 恢复原状Genuineness of assent 同意的真实性 Duress 胁迫Undue influence 不正当影响 Fraud 欺诈 P16Writing and form 书面和形式问题 Equity 衡平Court of mon law 普通法院Chancery court/court of equity 衡平法院Fairness 公平Moral rights道德权利 Natural law 自然法Doctrine of equity 衡平准则 P17Lawyers 法律人 Case law 判例法Public policy 社会公共政策 P19Novation （合同）更新 Liquidated damages 违约金 Covenant of good faith 善意条款 P20Mutual assent 双方同意A reasonably prudent person 合理谨慎人 P21 Offeror 要约人Offeree 受要约人 Promise 承诺 Aept 承诺Invitation to negotiate 要约邀请/谈判邀请Form letter 格式信函 Quote 报价Promissory estoppel 允诺禁反言；不得自食其言 P22Standard of offer 判断要约的标准 A reasonable person 合理人标准 P31Prevail 优先 P33 Terms of offer 要约的条件P38Open terms 开放条款Gap-filling rule 空隙填补规则 Time of performance 履行时间 P40Quantum meruit 按劳付酬；按合理价格支付；质量价值Quasi contract 准合同 P43 Communication of offer 要约的传达 Supported by consideration 有约因支持的Option 选择权Irrevocable 不可撤销的Firm offers 不可撤销的要约/实盘要约 P47Offers in auction 拍卖的要约Auction without reserve 无保留的拍卖Auction wiht reserve 有保留的拍卖 Collateral contract 附随合同；附属契约 P50Auction in electronic merce 电子商务拍卖 P53Termination of offer 要约的终止 P54Lapse of time 逾时；期满失效 P55Revocation of offer 要约的撤回 P56Offeree’s refusal of offer 受要约人拒绝要约Counter-offer 反要约Mirror aeptance 镜像规则 P62Option 选择权 P64 Termination by law P65Terms and conditions 条款和条件 Counter-offer 反要约 Mirror aeptance rule 镜像承诺规则 P68Cross offers 交叉要约 P71Indefiniteness 缺乏确定性；不确定性 P72Meeting of minds 达成合意Entry-into-force time of aeptance 承诺的生效时间Aeptance-upon-dispatch rule/mailbox rule 承诺发出主义/投邮主义 P73Quiet title to the land 确认土地所有权 P74Option contract 选择权合同 P75 Promise 允诺Performance 履行 P77 General contractor 总承包商Subcontractor 次承包商 P82 Malpractice ___；不当执业 P86Implied-in-fact contract 事实默示的合同 P87Good faith 诚信原则Reasonableness 合理性原则 P93Commercial reasonableness 商业合理性 P94Unconscionability不正当；显失公平；不受良心控制Liquidated damage clause 预定损害赔偿条款Battle of the forms 格式信函之战 P95Gap-filling rule 空隙填补规则 Merchantability 适售性 P96Proposals for addition to the contract 对合同的补充建议P97 Different terms 不同条款 Additional terms 额外条款Merchants 商人Non-merchants 非商人Materially alter 实质性变更 Complaint 抱怨 Warranty 担保 Merchantability 适售性 Fitness 合目的性 P98Impacts of E-merce and web-laws on the forms 电子商务与网络法对格式合同的影响Shrink wrap license 拆封许可 P102Public policy 公共政策 P103 An enforceable contract 有强制力的合同Consideration 约因Inducement/incentives 诱因 Detriment 损害Impelling influence 强有力的影响因素Bargaining 讨价还价Legal detriment or disadvantage 法律上的损失或不利益 Quid pro quo 对价 Gift 赠与 P112Contract in signed writing 经签署的书面合同Supported by consideration 已受约因支持Contract under seal 盖印合同 Forbearance 忍耐/克制 P115 Sufficient consideration 充分的约因 Gift promise 赠与的允诺P116Nominal consideration 名义上的约因Shocks the conscience of the court 震惊法庭的良心Adequacy of consideration 约因的适当性 P123Sufficiency of consideration 约因的充分性Nominal 有名无实的；名义上的 Equity 衡平法 P124Forbearance from suit 容忍不诉 Past consideration 过去的约因 Moral obligation 道德义务 P125 Quantum meruit 所提供服务之实际价值Good consideration 有效的约因 P126Moral consideration 道德约因 Legal consideration 法律约因P131Pre-existing duty 既存的义务 P132Modification of contract 合同的修改 P135Sales contract 买卖合同 Termination 终止（合同）Rescission 解除（合同） Unforeseen and unanticipated circumstances 无法预料、不曾预见之情况Estoppel 禁反言 Waiver 弃权 P137Executory contract 待履行合同Compromising an existing claim 既存请求权的妥协Bona fide dispute “真实的”或“善意的争议” P139 Aord 新债清偿合同 Satisfaction 满足Aord and satisfaction 新债清偿合同与满足 P140Illusory promise 虚假允诺Mutuality of obligation 义务相互性 P144Output contract 产量合同Requirement contract 需求合同 P148Stale claims 逾时失效的请求权 The statue of limitations 诉讼时效 Discharge in bankruptcy 破产免责 New consideration 新约因 P150 Forbearance from suit 隐忍不诉Abstention from legal conduct 合法行为的节制Detriment 利益损失 P152 A bona fide suit 善意诉讼Sufficient consideration 充分的约因 P153Aleatory promise 不确定/偶然性的承诺Promissory estoppel 允诺性禁反言 P158Injustice 不公正 Remedies 救济Unjust eichment 不当得利 P159Parol evidence rule 口头证据法则 Terms and conditions 条款和条件 Parol 口头的 In writing 书面的Extrinsic evidence 外在证据 P174Integration 整合Final and plete 最终且完整的 Partial integration 部分整合Final but not plete 最终但不完全 Prior writings and oral agreement 事前的书面和口头协议Contemporaneous writing 同时书面 Subsequent agreements 事后协议 No oral modification clause 禁止头变更条款 P175Reliability of writings 书面的可靠性 A principle of substance 实体法律原则 P176Procedural substantive 程序的实体性 Diversityjurisdiction 区分管辖权 P177Final and plete writings 最终且完整的书面The statute of frauds 防止欺诈条例 Memorandum ___ P197 Partial integrated 部分整合 Total integrated 完全整合Additional prior non-contradictory parol terms 协议订立前的非抵触性的其他口头条件Informality 不规范；非正式Completely integrated writing 完全整合的书面Fully integrated/pleted 完全整合的Form approach 形式的方法 P198 The face of the contract 合同的表面 Extrinsic evidence 外来证据 Intrinsic evidence 内在证据 Merger clause 归并条款Verbal understandings 口头谅解书 P199Implied terms （合同的）默示条款 Separate consideration 独立的约因 Separate agreement 分别的协议 P202Substituting or contradicting terms 替代或变更原有条款Express language 明示语言 P220 Extra or additional terms 额外或附属条款Side or collateral agreement 额外或附属协议Merger clause 归并条款Separate consideration 独立的约因 P221Ambiguity/ambiguities 含混不清之处 Latent 隐性的/ 潜在的Patent 显性的 P222Terms based on custom 依据惯例确立的合同条款Course of dealing 交易过程Custom and usage of the trade 行业惯例Prior negotiations 订约前协商Antecedent understanding 签约前协英美法与大陆法在对合同的理解上走了完全不同的两条路，在大陆法下，合同作为债的原因而存在，基于这一理念,或者说是基于这一理论抽象，大陆法的民法体系将合同与侵权、无因管理、不当得利等沟通起来；而在英美法里，合同只是有法律强制力的当事人之间互有联系的承诺而已。